Adjustable feeding and chopping device of hybrid pennisetum harvester and adjusting method of adjustable feeding and chopping device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of silage machinery technical equipment, and particularly relates to an adjustable feeding and chopping device of a hybrid pennisetum harvester and an adjusting method of the adjustable feeding and chopping device. The feeding and chopping device comprises a shell, a conveying component, a gathering component, a pre-pressing component, a feeding component and a chopping component; the pre-pressing component comprises an upper pressing roller, a sliding block, a plug pin, a limiting clamping groove, a front sliding rail, a rear sliding rail and a pressure sensor. According to the device, the forage gathering range, the feeding speed and the chopping speed can be automatically adjusted according to the crop feeding amount, fluffy stalks can be pre-pressed in advance, the chopping effect is improved, power input can be reasonably adjusted according to the feeding amount so that energy loss can be reduced, the silage chopping quality and efficiency are further improved, and the device is suitable for popularization and application. The front top cover and the pre-pressing component enable the device to have a quick blockage clearing function, and troubles caused by blockage are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of silage machinery and technical equipment, and in particular relates to an adjustable feeding and chopping device of a hybrid pennisetum harvester and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of modern animal husbandry, the demand for various high-quality forage grasses is increasing. Hybrid Pennisetum, a perennial herb belonging to the genus Pennisetum of the Poaceae family, has the characteristics of high yield, rapid growth, strong adaptability, strong regeneration ability, and rich nutritional value, making it a high-quality forage grass. This forage grass can improve the production performance of animals, alleviate feed shortages, and bring significant economic benefits. Efficient and stable harvesting operations have become a key link in ensuring the stable development of animal husbandry. For the materials cut by the cutting table, the adaptive control ability of the feeding and chopping parts is directly related to the efficiency of the hybrid Pennisetum harvesting operation. It can adapt to a variety of crops and can automatically adjust the speed of the feeding roller and the chopping drum according to the changes in the feeding amount. It can complete the harvesting operation to the maximum extent while reducing the harvesting cost and the power consumption of the machine operation, and the appropriate feeding and chopping speed can effectively prevent the occurrence of material blockage.

[0003] The feeding and chopping device of the traditional hybrid foxtail grass harvester cannot realize the pre-pressing of materials and the advance monitoring of the feeding amount. There is a monitoring lag and it cannot adapt to the situation where one machine harvests multiple crops. The harvesting efficiency is low and it is easy to get stuck. The chopping effect is poor, which affects the silage value of the feed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to significantly improve the chopping quality, ensure the continuity of silage harvesting operations, reduce the impact of downtime caused by blockage, reduce the time of harvesting operations, reduce operation energy consumption, improve the overall efficiency of operations, and achieve efficient harvesting of silage, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hybrid foxtail grass harvester with an adjustable feeding and chopping device, which has the advantages of reduced consumption, easy control, and strong continuous operation ability. It can independently adjust the feeding speed and chopping speed according to the feeding amount, can adapt to stems of different thicknesses for operations, and can quickly clear blockages.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A hybrid pennisetum harvester has an adjustable feeding and chopping device, comprising a shell, a conveying component, a gathering component, a pre-pressing component, a feeding component and a chopping component.

[0006] The conveying component includes a roller, a conveyor belt, a bracket, and a sensor; the conveying component includes two rollers, which are horizontally installed on the lower part of the front section of the shell through a bearing seat; the conveyor belt is horizontally installed on the two rollers to form a ring, and the sensor is inside the ring with its upper end close to the upper part of the conveyor belt and its lower end fixed to the surface of the bracket, and both ends of the bracket are fixed inside the front section of the shell.

[0007] The feeding component comprises an upper feeding roller, a lower feeding roller and saw teeth; the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller are placed horizontally up and down and are installed on the housing through a bearing seat; the saw teeth are provided with mounting holes and are installed on the holes of the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller through bolts and nuts. After installation, the saw teeth are in a circular array state on the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller.

[0008] The shredding component comprises a crushing drum, a shredding knife and a shredding knife seat; the crushing drum is installed on the shell through a bearing seat, and a key groove is opened on the shaft at one end of the crushing drum.

[0009] The chopping knife seats are staggered and fixed on the crushing drum; threaded holes are arranged on the chopping knife seats and the chopping knives, and the two are connected by bolts and nuts.

[0010] The gathering component includes a gathering plate, a spherical slider, a sliding screw, a spherical slide groove and a hinge; the gathering plate is fixed to the front end of the shell through the hinge, one gathering plate is limited by one hinge, and the gathering component has two gathering plates, which are fixed to both sides of the shell.

[0011] The spherical slide groove is fixed on the gathering plate opposite to each other, and the round balls at both ends of the spherical slider are installed inside the spherical slide groove, so that the spherical slider can slide freely in the spherical slide groove.

[0012] The middle circular hole of the spherical slider is provided with a thread and is connected to the sliding screw. When the sliding screw rotates, the spherical slider is driven to slide along the spherical sliding groove.

[0013] The sliding screw is provided with keyways at both ends and is mounted on the housing through a bearing seat so as to be rotated by external power; There are two gathering plates in total. When the sliding screw rotates under the action of an external driving force, it drives the spherical slider to slide along the spherical slide groove, so that the gathering plates are folded in the box or expanded outward.

[0014] The pre-pressing component comprises a slider, a latch and a limit slot, and the slider is provided with a latch slot, a first limit slot and a second limit slot; the component limit slot is fixed to the housing; The component latch is placed into the latch slot from above the slider, and limit slot one and limit slot two can be selected according to the use status of the upper pressure roller. When the upper pressure roller needs to be locked, the latch is in limit slot one and one end of the latch is inserted into the limit slot. When the latch is in limit slot two, the entire latch is completely inside the latch slot, and the upper pressure roller is in an unlocked state.

[0015] The front end of the shell is provided with a front top cover which is pulled out through a card slot, and one end of the front top cover is provided with a handle which is convenient for pulling out.

[0016] The upper pressing roller of the pre-pressing component can move up and down on the front slide rail and the rear slide rail through a slider. When the device is blocked, the front top cover is pulled out from one side and the upper pressing roller is lifted to the top of the slide rail by external power, so that the entire conveying and feeding part is opened to quickly clear the blockage.

[0017] The conveying component includes a sensor, which is installed below the conveyor belt and horizontally fixed in the middle of the shell through a bracket, and is used to measure the fluctuation of the feeding amount and transmit the change of the feeding amount to the terminal in real time.

[0018] The pre-pressing component includes a pressure sensor, which is arranged in a ring shape in the middle of the upper pressing roller and is powered by a built-in battery to measure the feeding pressure. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the measurement data of the two, the PLC controls the external hydraulic system to adjust the feeding speed of the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller and the operating speed of the shredding component to achieve efficient shredding.

[0019] A method for regulating a controllable feeding and chopping device of a hybrid Pennisetum harvester, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Before the harvesting operation begins, determine the type of crop to be harvested and manually select and place the latch of the pre-pressing component in the appropriate limit slot 1 or limit slot 2; S2. After the machine is started, the two rollers of the conveying component drive the conveyor belt to rotate clockwise, and the forage entering from the left is transported horizontally from left to right through the conveyor belt; the sensor installed under the conveyor belt begins to measure the pressure change on the conveyor belt at this time; S3. According to different pressure changes, the sliding screw starts to rotate under the action of the external hydraulic motor, and the sliding screw drives the spherical slider to slide in the spherical slide groove, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the two gathering plates; when the pressure decreases, the two gathering plates are retracted inward, and under the consolidation of the hinge at one end, they present an "eight" shape, which has a horizontal gathering effect on the grass; on the contrary, the two gathering plates open outward and present a horizontal state, which is convenient for the flow of large feeding amounts of grass; at the same time, according to different pressure changes, the sensor feeds back to the system, and the system controls and distributes reasonable power to the feeding component and the chopping component, so that the speed is adjusted in real time according to the change of the feeding amount to complete the operation; S4. After the transportation is completed, if the harvested material is a crop with hard stalks such as corn stalks or king grass, the pin of the pre-pressing component can be placed in the limit slot one, and one end can be inserted into the limit slot. At this time, the upper pressing roller is completely locked, and the crop can be initially cracked, which plays a preliminary pre-pressing role on the hard stalks; when harvesting crops with thin stalks and soft material characteristics such as alfalfa, the stalks are not easy to be cracked, and excessive squeezing may cause nutrient loss of the material. At this time, the pin of the pre-pressing component can be placed in the limit slot two position. At this time, the pin is completely inside the pin slot, and the upper pressing roller is in an active state; S5. During the pre-pressing process, the pressure sensor installed on the upper roller can monitor the pressure between the upper roller and the material in real time, and compare it with the set value. According to the pressure difference, it is fed back to the shredding component, and the external hydraulic system increases or decreases the speed of the crushing drum in real time, which improves the shredding efficiency and effectively alleviates the problem of material blocking due to large feeding volume. S6. After the pre-pressing process is completed, the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller are rotated by external power to feed the pre-pressed materials to the shredding parts in the forward direction. The saw teeth installed on the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller can effectively increase the friction between the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller, and efficiently complete the entire feeding operation; S7, after the feeding operation is completed, the shredding component rotates at high speed under the control of external power to complete the shredding operation; S8. During operation, if material blockage occurs due to excessive or uneven feeding, the front top cover at the front end of the shell can be pulled out from one end, and the latch can be placed in the second limit slot to make the upper pressure roller active. Under the action of external force, the upper pressure roller can be lifted to the upper end along the slide rail and then taken out. At this time, two-thirds of the upper part of the device is opened, which can realize rapid cleaning of materials and clearing of blockages.

[0020] S9, repeat steps S1-S7 until the device stops working, and then put the latch into the position of the limiting groove 1, so that the entire upper pressure roller is in a stable locked state.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The gathering component used in the present invention can gather the material laterally at the initial stage of feeding. When the feeding amount is small, the gathering plate gathers inwards to concentrate and compact the material. When the feeding amount is large, the gathering plate flattens outwards to make the material flow smoother, which is beneficial to the shredding effect. 2. The present invention adopts a detachable front top cover and a floating upper pressure roller, which has strong flexibility and is convenient for cleaning after blockage, thus reducing maintenance costs and saving time costs; 3. The present invention adopts a controllable double-slide floating roller design, and the opening and locking states of the upper pressure roller can be flexibly changed by the position of the latch. It is suitable for crops with different stem thickness and hardness and different feeding amounts per unit time, thereby improving the applicability of the device.

[0022] 4. The adjustable feeding and shredding device and method adopted by the present invention can adaptively adjust the feeding speed and shredding speed according to the feeding amount, so that the operation of the device is matched with the supply of materials, ensuring the shredding quality and improving the working efficiency. At the same time, when the feeding amount increases, the speed of the feeding roller and the shredding drum can be increased in time to avoid blockage caused by untimely shredding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustable feeding and chopping device of the hybrid Pennisetum harvester of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the arrangement of the components of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an axonometric view of the conveying component of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conveying component of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding component of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shredding component of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gathering component of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the spherical slider and the spherical slide groove of the gathering component of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gathering plate of the present invention when it is unfolded; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gathering plate of the present invention when gathered; Fig.12 It is an isometric view of the structure of the pre-pressing component of the present invention; Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pre-pressing component of the present invention; Fig.14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pre-pressing component slider of the present invention; Fig.15 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pre-pressing component latch of the present invention; Fig.16 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pre-pressing component of the present invention when it is locked; Fig.17 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pre-pressing component of the present invention when it is active; Fig.18 It is an axonometric view of the overall internal structure of the present invention in step S8; Fig.19 It is an isometric view of the overall structure of the present invention in step S8; Fig. 20 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device after the pre-pressing component of the present invention is lifted; Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device after the pre-pressing component is lifted according to the present invention.

[0024] In the figure, the reference numerals are DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a hybrid foxtail grass harvester has an adjustable feeding and chopping device, which includes a shell 1, a conveying component 2, a gathering component 3, a pre-pressing component 4, a feeding component 5 and a chopping component 6.

[0027] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the conveying component 2 includes a roller 201, a conveyor belt 202, a bracket 203, and a sensor 204; the conveying component 2 includes two rollers 201, which are horizontally installed on the lower part of the front section of the shell through a bearing seat; the conveyor belt 202 is horizontally installed on the two rollers 201 to form a ring, and the sensor is inside the ring with its upper end close to the upper part of the conveyor belt and its lower end fixed to the surface of the bracket, and both ends of the bracket are fixed inside the front section of the shell.

[0028] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the feeding component 5 includes an upper feeding roller 501, a lower feeding roller 502 and a sawtooth 503; the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502 are placed horizontally up and down, and are installed on the housing 1 through a bearing seat; the sawtooth 503 is provided with a mounting hole, and is installed on the hole position of the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502 through bolts and nuts. After installation, the sawtooth is in a circular array state on the upper feeding roller and the lower feeding roller.

[0029] like Figure 7 As shown, the shredding component 6 includes a crushing drum 601, a shredding knife 602 and a shredding knife seat 603; the crushing drum 601 is installed on the housing 1 through a bearing seat, and a keyway is provided on the shaft at one end of the crushing drum.

[0030] The chopping knife seats 603 are staggered and fixed on the crushing drum 601; the chopping knife seats 603 and the chopping knife 602 are both provided with threaded holes, and the two are connected by bolts and nuts.

[0031] like Figure 2 , Figure 8As shown, the gathering component 3 includes a gathering plate 301, a spherical slider 302, a sliding screw 303, a spherical groove 304 and a hinge 305; the gathering plate 301 is fixed to the front end of the shell 1 through the hinge 305, one gathering plate is limited by one hinge, and the gathering component has two gathering plates, which are fixed to both sides of the shell.

[0032] like Fig. 9 As shown, the spherical groove 304 is fixed on the gathering plate 301 opposite to each other, and the round balls at both ends of the spherical slider 302 are installed inside the spherical groove 304, so that the spherical slider 302 can slide freely in the spherical groove 304.

[0033] The middle round hole of the spherical slider 302 is provided with a thread, which is connected to the sliding screw 303. When the sliding screw rotates, the spherical slider is driven to slide along the spherical sliding groove.

[0034] like Fig.10 , Fig.11 As shown, both ends of the sliding screw 303 are installed on the housing 1 through bearing seats; there are two gathering plates 301. When the sliding screw 303 rotates under the action of an external driving force, it drives the spherical slider 302 to slide along the spherical groove 304, so that the gathering plates 301 are retracted in the box or expanded outward.

[0035] like Fig.12 , Fig.13 As shown, the pre-pressing component 4 includes an upper pressing roller 401, a slider 402, a latch 403, a limit slot 404, a front slide rail 405, a rear slide rail 406, and a pressure sensor 407, and the limit slot of the component is fixed on the shell.

[0036] like Fig.14 As shown, the shafts at both ends of the upper pressure roller 401 of the component are installed in the holes of the slider 402; the component slider 402 is provided with four rotatable connecting bridges 4022, and each connecting bridge 4022 is provided with two rotatable pulleys 4021; the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406 of the component are in an "S" shape, and are placed one after the other and fixed on the shell 1, forming an up and down floating track for the upper pressure roller 401; there are four groups of eight rotatable pulleys 4021 on the component slider 402, which are respectively clamped on the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406 and can drive the upper pressure roller 401 to slide up and down along the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406.

[0037] like Fig.15 , Fig.16 , Fig.17As shown, the component latch 403 is placed into the latch slot 4023 from above the slider 402, and the limit slot 1 4024 or the limit slot 2 4025 can be selected according to the use status of the upper pressure roller 401. When the upper pressure roller 401 needs to be locked, the latch 403 is at the limit slot 1 4024 and one end of the latch 403 is inserted into the limit slot 404. When the latch 403 is located at the limit slot 2 4025, the entire latch 403 is completely inside the latch slot 404, and the upper pressure roller 401 is in an unlocked state.

[0038] like Fig.18 As shown, the front end of the housing 1 is provided with a front top cover 101 which is pulled out through a card slot, and one end of the front top cover 101 is provided with a handle for convenient pulling out.

[0039] like Fig.18 , Fig.19 As shown, the upper pressure roller 401 of the pre-pressing component 4 can move up and down on the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406 through the slider 402. When the device is blocked, the front top cover 101 is pulled out from one side and the upper pressure roller 401 is lifted to the top of the slide rail by external power, so that the entire conveying and feeding part is opened to quickly clear the blockage.

[0040] like Fig. 20 As shown, the feeding and chopping device is characterized in that the pre-pressing component 4 includes a slider 402, a latch 403 and a limit slot 404, and the slider 402 is provided with a latch slot 4023 and corresponding limit slots 4024 and 4025; the component limit slot 404 is fixed to the shell 1; the component latch 403 is placed into the latch slot 4023 from above the slider 402, and the limit slot 4024 or 4025 can be selected according to the use status of the upper pressure roller. When the upper pressure roller 401 needs to be locked, the latch 403 is at the limit slot 1 4024 and one end of the latch 403 is inserted into the limit slot 404. When the latch 403 is located at the limit slot 2 4025, the upper pressure roller 401 is in an unlocked state.

[0041] like Fig.18 As shown, the front end of the shell 1 has a front top cover 101 that can be pulled out through a slot; the upper pressure roller 401 of the pre-pressing component 4 can move up and down on the front slide rail 405 and the rear slide rail 406 through a slider 402. When the device is blocked, the front top cover 101 is pulled out from one side and the upper pressure roller 401 is lifted to the top of the slide rail through external power, so that the entire conveying and feeding part is opened to quickly clear the blockage.

[0042] like Figure 5 As shown, the conveying component 2 includes a sensor 204, which is installed below the conveyor belt 202 and horizontally fixed in the middle of the shell 1 through a bracket 203, and is used to measure the fluctuation of the feeding amount and transmit the change of the feeding amount to the terminal in real time.

[0043] like Fig.12 , Fig.13 As shown, the pre-pressing component 4 includes a pressure sensor 407, which is arranged in a ring shape in the middle position of the upper pressing roller 401 and is used to measure the feeding pressure; based on the comprehensive analysis of the measurement data of the two, the PLC controls the external hydraulic system to adjust the feeding speed of the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502 and the operating speed of the shredding component 6 to achieve efficient shredding.

[0044] A method for regulating a controllable feeding and chopping device of a hybrid pennisetum harvester comprises the following steps: S1. Before the harvesting operation begins, determine the type of crop to be harvested and manually select and place the latch 403 of the pre-pressing component 4 at the appropriate limit slot 1 4024 or limit slot 2 4025; S2, after the machine is started, the two rollers 201 of the conveying component 2 drive the conveyor belt 202 to rotate clockwise, and the forage entering from the left side is transported horizontally from left to right through the conveyor belt 202; the sensor 204 installed under the conveyor belt 202 starts to measure the pressure change on the conveyor belt 202 at this time; S3. According to different pressure changes, the sliding screw 303 starts to rotate under the action of the external hydraulic motor, and the sliding screw 303 drives the spherical slider 302 to slide in the spherical slide groove 304, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the two gathering plates 301; when the pressure decreases, the two gathering plates 301 are retracted inwardly, and under the consolidation of the hinge 305 at one end, they present an "eight" shape, which has a horizontal gathering effect on the grass; on the contrary, the two gathering plates 301 open outwardly and present a horizontal state, which is convenient for the flow of large feeding amounts of grass; at the same time, according to different pressure changes, the sensor 204 feeds back to the system, and the system controls and distributes reasonable power to the feeding component 5 and the chopping component 6, so that they adjust the speed in real time according to the changes in the feeding amount to complete the operation; S4. After the conveying is completed, if the harvested material is a crop with hard stems such as corn stalks or king grass, the latch 403 of the pre-pressing component 4 can be placed in the limit slot 1 4024, and one end can be inserted into the limit slot 404. At this time, the upper pressing roller 401 is completely locked, and a preliminary pre-pressing effect is played on the hard stems; when harvesting crops with thin stems and soft material characteristics such as alfalfa, the latch 403 of the pre-pressing component 4 can be placed in the limit slot 2 4025. At this time, the latch 403 is completely inside the latch slot 4023, and the upper pressing roller 401 is in an active state; S5. During the pre-pressing process, the pressure sensor 407 installed on the upper pressing roller 401 can monitor the pressure between the upper pressing roller 401 and the material in real time, and compare it with the set value. According to the pressure difference, it is fed back to the shredding component 6, and the external hydraulic system increases or decreases the rotation speed of the crushing drum 601 in real time, thereby improving the shredding efficiency and effectively alleviating the problem of material blocking due to large feeding amount. S6. After the pre-pressing process is completed, the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502 are rotated by external power to feed the pre-pressed material to the shredding component 6 in the forward direction. The saw teeth 503 installed on the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502 can effectively increase the friction between the upper feeding roller 501 and the lower feeding roller 502, and the entire feeding operation is completed efficiently. S7, after the feeding operation is completed, the shredding component 6 rotates at a high speed under the control of an external power to complete the shredding operation; S8. During operation, if material blockage occurs due to excessive feeding or uneven feeding, the front top cover 101 at the front end of the shell 1 can be pulled out from one end, and the latch 403 can be placed in the second limit slot 4025, so that the upper pressure roller 401 is in an active state. Under the action of external force, the upper pressure roller 401 is lifted to the upper end along the slide rail and can be taken out. At this time, the upper two-thirds of the area of ​​the device is opened, which can realize rapid cleaning of materials and clearing of blockages.

[0045] S9, repeat steps S1-S7 until the device stops working, and then put the latch 403 into the position of the limit groove 1 4024, so that the entire upper pressure roller 401 is in a stable locked state.

[0046] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifying the technical solution described in the above embodiments or equivalently replacing some technical features and structures are all within the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid Pennisetum harvester with adjustable feeding and chopping device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a housing (1), a conveying component (2), a gathering component (3), a pre-pressing component (4), a feeding component (5) and a shredding component (6); the gathering component (3) is hinged on the housing (1); the conveying component (2) comprises a roller (201) and a conveyor belt (202); the two rollers (201) are horizontally mounted on the lower part of the front section of the housing via a bearing seat; the conveyor belt (202) is horizontally mounted on the two rollers (201); the feeding component (5) comprises an upper feeding roller (501), a lower feeding roller (502) and a sawtooth (503); the upper feeding roller (501) and the lower feeding roller (502) is placed horizontally up and down and is installed on the housing (1) through a bearing seat; the saw teeth (503) are provided with mounting holes and are installed on the holes of the upper feeding roller (501) and the lower feeding roller (502) through bolts and nuts; the shredding component (6) comprises a crushing roller (601), a shredding knife (602) and a shredding knife seat (603); the crushing roller (601) is installed on the housing (1) through a bearing seat; the shredding knife seat (603) is staggered and fixed on the crushing roller (601); the shredding knife seat (603) and the shredding knife (602) are connected through bolts and nuts.

2. The adjustable feeding and chopping device for hybrid Pennisetum harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gathering component (3) comprises a gathering plate (301), a spherical slider (302), a sliding screw (303), a spherical slide groove (304) and a hinge (305); the gathering plate (301) is fixed to the front end of the housing (1) via the hinge (305); the spherical slide groove (304) is fixed to the gathering plate (301) in opposite directions, and the circular spheres at both ends of the spherical slider (302) are installed inside the spherical slide groove (304), so that the spherical slider (302) can be moved in the spherical slide groove. (304); the middle circular hole of the spherical slider (302) is provided with a thread, which is connected to the sliding screw (303); the sliding screw (303) is provided with keyways at both ends and is mounted on the housing (1) through a bearing seat; there are two gathering plates (301), and when the sliding screw (303) rotates under the action of an external driving force, the spherical slider (302) is driven to slide along the spherical slide groove (304), so that the gathering plates (301) are retracted inwards or opened outwards.

3. The adjustable feeding and chopping device of the hybrid Pennisetum harvester according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The pre-pressing component (4) comprises an upper pressing roller (401), a slider (402), a latch (403), a limit slot (404), a front slide rail (405), a rear slide rail (406), and a pressure sensor (407); shafts at both ends of the upper pressing roller (401) are mounted in holes in the slider (402); the slider (402) is provided with four rotatable connecting bridges (4022), and each connecting bridge (4022) is provided with two independently rotatable slides. The front slide rail (405) and the rear slide rail (406) are in an "S" shape and are placed one after the other and fixed to the shell (1) to form an up and down floating track for the upper pressure roller (401); the four groups of eight rotatable pulleys (4021) on the slider (402) are respectively clamped on the front slide rail (405) and the rear slide rail (406) and drive the upper pressure roller (401) to slide up and down along the front slide rail (405) and the rear slide rail (406).

4. The adjustable feeding and chopping device for hybrid Pennisetum harvester according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The slider (402) is provided with a latch slot (4023), a first limiting slot (4024) and a second limiting slot (4025); the limiting slot (404) is fixed to the housing (1); the latch (403) is placed into the latch slot (4023) from above the slider (402), and the first limiting slot (4024) or the second limiting slot (4025) is selected according to the use state of the upper pressure roller; when the upper pressure roller (401) needs to be locked, the latch (403) is at the first limiting slot (4024) and one end of the latch (403) is inserted into the limiting slot (404); when the latch (403) is located at the second limiting slot (4025), the upper pressure roller (401) is in an unlocked state.

5. The adjustable feeding and chopping device for hybrid Pennisetum harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: The front end of the housing (1) is provided with a front top cover (101) which can be pulled out through a slot; the upper pressing roller (401) of the pre-pressing component (4) can move up and down on the front slide rail (405) and the rear slide rail (406) through a slider (402); when the device is blocked, the front top cover (101) is pulled out from one side, and the upper pressing roller (401) is lifted to the top of the slide rail by external power, so that the entire conveying and feeding part is opened, thereby realizing rapid clearing of the blocked material.

6. The adjustable feeding and chopping device for hybrid Pennisetum harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conveying component (2) further comprises a sensor (204), which is installed below the conveyor belt (202) and horizontally fixed to the middle of the housing (1) through a bracket (203) for measuring the fluctuation of the feeding amount; the pre-pressing component (4) comprises a pressure sensor (407), which is arranged in a ring shape in the middle position of the upper pressing roller (401) for measuring the feeding pressure; based on a comprehensive analysis of the measurement data of the two, the PLC controls the external hydraulic system to adjust the feeding speed of the upper feeding roller (501) and the lower feeding roller (502) and the operating speed of the shredding component (6).

7. A method for controlling the adjustable feeding and chopping device of a hybrid Pennisetum harvester as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Before the harvesting operation begins, determine the characteristics of the harvested crop stems and manually select and place the latch (403) of the pre-pressing component (4) in a suitable limiting groove 1 (4024) or limiting groove 2 (4025); S2, after the machine is started, the two rollers (201) of the conveying component (2) drive the conveyor belt (202) to rotate clockwise, so that the incoming forage is transported horizontally through the conveyor belt (202); the sensor (204) installed below the conveyor belt (202) starts to measure the pressure change on the conveyor belt (202) at this time; S3. According to different pressure changes, the sliding screw (303) starts to rotate under the power of the external hydraulic motor, and the sliding screw (303) drives the spherical slider (302) to slide in the spherical slide groove (304), thereby controlling the opening and closing of the two gathering plates (301); when the pressure decreases, the two gathering plates (301) are retracted inwardly, and under the consolidation effect of the hinge (305) at one end, they present an "eight" shape, which has a horizontal gathering effect on the grass; on the contrary, the two gathering plates (301) are opened outwardly and present a flattened state, which facilitates the flow of large feeding amounts of grass; at the same time, according to different pressure changes, the sensor (204) feeds back to the system, and the system controls and distributes reasonable power to the feeding component (5) and the chopping component (6), so that the rotation speed is adjusted in real time according to the change of the feeding amount to complete the operation; S4. After the conveying is completed, if the harvested material is a crop with a hard stem, the latch (403) of the pre-pressing component (4) is placed in the first limit slot (4024), and one end is inserted into the limit slot (404). At this time, the upper pressing roller (401) is completely locked, and a preliminary pre-pressing effect is exerted on the hard stem; when harvesting crops with thin stems and soft material characteristics, the latch (403) of the pre-pressing component (4) is placed in the second limit slot (4025). At this time, the latch (403) is completely inside the latch slot (4023), and the upper pressing roller (401) is in an active state; S5. During the pre-pressing process, the pressure sensor (407) installed on the upper pressing roller (401) monitors the pressure between the upper pressing roller (401) and the material in real time, and compares it with the set value. The pressure difference is fed back to the shredding component (6), and the external hydraulic system increases or decreases the rotation speed of the crushing drum (601) in real time; S6. After the pre-pressing process is completed, the upper feeding roller (501) and the lower feeding roller (502) are rotated by external power to feed the pre-pressed material forward to the shredding component (6). The saw teeth (503) installed on the upper feeding roller (501) and the lower feeding roller (502) can effectively increase the friction between the upper feeding roller (501) and the lower feeding roller (502), thereby completing the entire feeding operation. S7, after the feeding operation is completed, the shredding component (6) rotates at a high speed under the control of an external power to complete the shredding operation; S8. During the operation, if material blockage occurs due to excessive feeding amount or uneven feeding amount, the front top cover (101) at the front end of the housing (1) is pulled out from one end, and the latch (403) is placed in the second limit groove (4025), so that the upper pressure roller (401) is in an active state. Under the action of external force, the upper pressure roller (401) is lifted to the uppermost end along the slide rail and can be taken out. At this time, the upper two-thirds of the area of ​​the device is opened, so that the material can be quickly cleaned and the blockage can be cleared; S9, repeating steps S1-S7 until the device stops operating, and placing the latch (403) in the position of the limiting groove 1 (4024), so that the entire upper pressure roller (401) is in a stable locked state.

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