Whole-course biological control method for solanaceae vegetable pests

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological prevention and control, and discloses a solanaceae vegetable pest whole-course biological prevention and control method, which comprises the following steps: S1, pest quantity monitoring: counting the types and quantity of pests in a planting area; s2, monitoring the number of natural enemies, and counting the types and the number of the natural enemies in the planting area; s3, theoretically putting natural enemies, and determining the theoretically putting quantity of the natural enemies according to the optimal proportion of the preset pest quantity value to the theoretically putting quantity of the natural enemies; s4, actually putting the natural enemies, adjusting the theoretical putting amount of the natural enemies in combination with the number value of the natural enemies in the S2, and confirming the final actual putting amount of the natural enemies; the problems of pest resistance to insecticide, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and the like caused by existing chemical insecticide prevention and control are solved, agricultural product and ecological safety is guaranteed through natural enemy insects, and sustainable development of modern agriculture is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biological control, and in particular to a full-process biological control method for solanaceous vegetable pests. Background Art

[0002] Solanaceae vegetables, including tomatoes, eggplants, peppers and other common vegetable varieties, occupy an indispensable position in the global diet due to their unique taste, rich nutritional value and wide cooking applicability. However, in recent years, the cultivation of Solanaceae vegetables has encountered serious pest infestation problems. Frequent outbreaks of various pests have caused great damage to the growth and development of Solanaceae vegetables.

[0003] For a long time, in order to deal with pest problems, growers mainly rely on chemical pesticides for prevention and control. Chemical pesticides can indeed quickly and effectively control the number of pests in the initial stage, reduce the direct harm of pests to Solanaceae vegetables, and ensure a certain yield. But as time goes by, its disadvantages gradually become apparent. In the process of long-term exposure to chemical pesticides, pests gradually develop resistance, making the originally effective dosage of pesticides no longer able to achieve the ideal control effect. In order to control pests, growers have to increase the concentration and frequency of chemical pesticide use, which not only further aggravates the development of pest resistance, forming a vicious cycle that is difficult to break, but also leads to more negative effects. A large amount of chemical agents remain on the surface of vegetables, which may still pose a potential threat to consumers' health even after washing and cooking, causing food safety issues. In addition, these residual chemicals enter the soil, water sources and air through rainwater erosion, soil infiltration and other channels, causing pollution to the ecological environment, and have a lasting and far-reaching negative impact on the balance and stability of the entire agricultural ecosystem, weakening the foundation for sustainable agricultural development.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a biological control method based on natural enemy insects to effectively control pests of Solanaceae vegetables, ensure the safety of agricultural products and ecology, and promote the development of modern agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a full-process biological control method for Solanaceae vegetable pests to solve the problems of pest resistance, pesticide residues, environmental pollution, etc. caused by existing chemical pesticide control, use natural enemy insects to ensure agricultural products and ecological safety, and promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for biological control of vegetable pests of Solanaceae, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Pest quantity monitoring: Count the types and quantities of pests in the planting area and obtain the pest quantity value M;

[0009] S2. Natural enemy quantity monitoring: Count the types and quantities of natural enemies in the planting area and obtain the natural enemy quantity value N;

[0010] S3, theoretical release of natural enemies: based on the preset optimal ratio K:1 of the pest quantity M and the theoretical release quantity Q of natural enemies, and combined with the pest quantity M counted in S1, the theoretical release quantity Q of natural enemies is calculated to be Q=M / K;

[0011] S4. Actual release of natural enemies: Combined with the number of natural enemies N in S2, adjust the theoretical release amount of natural enemies Q to determine the actual release amount of natural enemies Q'=QN, and release natural enemies into the planting area according to the calculated actual release amount Q'.

[0012] Further, in S1-S3, when the pest is aphid, the natural enemy is lacewings or protoceras, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 80:1;

[0013] When the pest is whitefly, the natural enemy is Aphididae or Coccinella hornediflora, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 25:1;

[0014] When the pest is thrips, the natural enemy is small flower stink bug, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 5:1;

[0015] When the pest is red spider, the natural enemy is California mites, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 12:1;

[0016] When the pest is mealybug, the natural enemy is protea beetle, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 20:1;

[0017] When the pest is cabbage looper, the natural enemy is lacewings, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 15:1.

[0018] Furthermore, in S1 and S2, pest population monitoring and natural enemy population monitoring were achieved by yellow board monitoring method and visual inspection method;

[0019] In S1, the pests counted by the yellow board monitoring method included aphids, whiteflies, and thrips; the pests counted by the visual method included spider mites, mealybugs, and cabbage loopers;

[0020] In S2, the natural enemies counted by the yellow board monitoring method included the aphid wasp, and the natural enemies counted by the visual method included the lacewings, the cut-horned ladybirds, the small flower bugs, the California new mite, and the proto-be ladybirds;

[0021] Among them, the yellow board monitoring method is: hang a number of yellow sticky boards in the planting area to catch insects, collect the yellow sticky boards after 3 days and count the number of insects on the yellow sticky boards, and at the same time infer the number of insects in the planting area. The size of the yellow sticky boards is 0.3m×0.2m, and the distance between two yellow sticky boards is 10.0m;

[0022] The visual observation method is as follows: for insects with larger bodies, observations are made in specific area units, and the records are repeated multiple times to take the average value; for insects with smaller bodies, sampling points are randomly selected, and sampling observations and statistics are conducted in stages and time periods, and the number is estimated based on the proportion.

[0023] Further, in S1, when the pest is cabbage looper and the number of cabbage looper exceeds 0.1 per leaf, after completing S4, spinetoram insecticide is used as an auxiliary, and sprayed evenly on the crops with a sprayer in the early morning or evening. The spinetoram insecticide is a biogenic insecticide, and the concentration of the spinetoram preparation is 6%, the spraying amount per mu is about 15 ml, and it is sprayed after being diluted 1500 times.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the technical solution are:

[0025] 1. High environmental friendliness: Biological control methods such as natural enemies or biogenic insecticides are used throughout the process, avoiding the use of chemical pesticides, reducing the pollution of soil, water and air by pesticide residues, reducing damage to the ecological environment, and helping to maintain the balance and stability of the agricultural ecosystem.

[0026] 2. Precision prevention and control: By combining the yellow board monitoring method with the visual inspection method, the number and types of pests and natural enemies can be comprehensively monitored, which can more accurately grasp the occurrence of pests and provide a scientific basis for the precise deployment of natural enemy insects.

[0027] 3. Easy to operate: The yellow board monitoring method and visual inspection method are relatively simple and intuitive, do not require complex instruments and professional technicians, and are easy for growers to master and apply. At the same time, the release of natural enemy insects is also relatively convenient, suitable for promotion and implementation in Solanaceae vegetable planting areas of different sizes, and has high practical application value and feasibility. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments:

[0029] Example 1 A method for biological control of vegetable pests in the Solanaceae family

[0030] 1.1 Pest population monitoring

[0031] Select an area of ​​660m 2 In the growing area, the Solanaceae vegetable species grown is cherry tomato;

[0032] A. Yellow board monitoring method: Use the yellow board monitoring method to obtain the number of pests with color attraction in the planting area;

[0033] Prepare yellow sticky boards, which are made according to the specifications of 0.3m×0.2m in size, and evenly distribute the yellow sticky boards in the planting area with a spacing of 10.0m. During the growth period of cherry tomato varieties cultivated with aeroponics in the greenhouse, replace the yellow sticky boards after 3 days, and record the types and numbers of pests on the yellow sticky boards for reference;

[0034] According to statistics, about 10 whiteflies were found on each of the yellow sticky plates collected;

[0035] B. Visual inspection: Use visual inspection to obtain the number of all pests that can be observed in the planting area;

[0036] In the planting area, experienced investigators were arranged to conduct detailed observation and record of all pests on the plants, with a single tomato plant as a specific area unit. Every three days, they checked the front and back sides of the tomato leaves, stems, fruits, and the soil surface around the plants one by one, and recorded in detail the types and numbers of all pests found each time;

[0037] According to statistics, the number of whiteflies is about 2 per leaf;

[0038] Based on a combination of visual inspection and yellow board monitoring methods, the number of whiteflies in the planting area is estimated to be 10,000.

[0039] 1.1 Monitoring of natural enemy population

[0040] According to statistics, no Aphididae or Cercidiella scalypini were found on the collected yellow sticky boards.

[0041] 1.3 Calculation of theoretical number of natural enemies released

[0042] According to the preset optimal ratio K:1 between the pest quantity value M and the theoretical natural enemy release quantity Q, and in combination with the pest quantity value M counted in S1, the theoretical natural enemy release quantity Q=M / K is calculated;

[0043] Whitefly control: According to the ratio of whitefly to Aphididae = 25:1, 400 Aphididae need to be released into the planting area;

[0044] 1.4 Release of natural enemies

[0045] Combined with the natural enemy quantity value N in S2, the theoretical natural enemy release quantity Q is adjusted to determine the actual natural enemy release quantity Q'=QN, and the natural enemies are released into the planting area according to the calculated actual release quantity Q';

[0046] According to calculations, 400 Aphididae were actually released into the planting area;

[0047] 1.5 Effect Evaluation

[0048] In the planting area, select 5 sampling points, each covering an area of ​​2 square meters, count the number of fruits and damaged fruits of Solanaceae vegetables in the sampling points, and calculate the fruit damage rate;

[0049] After calculation, the number of fruits in the five sampling points were 33, 34, 48, 56 and 45 respectively.

[0050] The numbers of damaged fruits were 0, 0, 0, 0, and 0;

[0051] The fruit damage rate was 0;

[0052] After evaluation, the biological control method for Solanaceae vegetable pests adopted this time has achieved remarkable results, with slight damage to leaves and zero damage to fruits. Compared with traditional chemical control methods, traditional methods often lead to reduced fruit quality due to pesticide residues, and easily cause pests to develop drug resistance, resulting in increasing control difficulties year by year, which not only increases planting costs, but also fails to guarantee stable harvests. The present invention relies on a precise pest monitoring system to effectively curb the rampant pests while minimizing the negative impact on the environment and the quality of agricultural products.

[0053] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A biological control method for Solanaceae vegetable pests, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Pest quantity monitoring: Count the types and quantities of pests in the planting area and obtain the pest quantity value M; S2. Natural enemy quantity monitoring: Count the types and quantities of natural enemies in the planting area and obtain the natural enemy quantity value N; S3, theoretical release of natural enemies: based on the preset optimal ratio K:1 of the pest quantity M and the theoretical release quantity Q of natural enemies, and combined with the pest quantity M counted in S1, the theoretical release quantity Q of natural enemies is calculated to be Q=M / K; S4. Actual release of natural enemies: Combined with the number of natural enemies N in S2, adjust the theoretical release amount of natural enemies Q to determine the actual release amount of natural enemies Q'=QN, and release natural enemies into the planting area according to the calculated actual release amount Q'.

2. A method for biological control of Solanaceae vegetable pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1-S3, when the pest is aphid, the natural enemy is lacewings or protoceras, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 80:1; When the pest is whitefly, the natural enemy is Aphididae or Coccinella hornediflora, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 25:1; When the pest is thrips, the natural enemy is small flower stink bug, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 5:1; When the pest is red spider, the natural enemy is California mites, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 12:1; When the pest is mealybug, the natural enemy is protea beetle, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 20:1; When the pest is cabbage looper, the natural enemy is lacewings, and the optimal ratio of the pest quantity value M to the theoretical release amount of the natural enemy Q is 15:

1.

3. The method for biological control of Solanaceae vegetable pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1 and S2, pest population monitoring and natural enemy population monitoring were achieved through yellow board monitoring method and visual inspection method; In S1, the pests counted by the yellow board monitoring method included aphids, whiteflies, and thrips; the pests counted by the visual method included spider mites, mealybugs, and cabbage loopers; In S2, the natural enemies counted by the yellow board monitoring method included the aphid wasp, and the natural enemies counted by the visual method included the lacewings, the cut-horned ladybirds, the small flower bugs, the California new mite, and the proto-be ladybirds; Among them, the yellow board monitoring method is: hang a number of yellow sticky boards in the planting area to catch insects, collect the yellow sticky boards after 3 days and count the number of insects on the yellow sticky boards, and at the same time infer the number of insects in the planting area. The size of the yellow sticky boards is 0.3m×0.2m, and the distance between two yellow sticky boards is 10.0m; The visual observation method is as follows: for insects with larger bodies, observations are made in specific area units, and the records are repeated multiple times to take the average value; for insects with smaller bodies, sampling points are randomly selected, and sampling observations and statistics are conducted in stages and time periods, and the number is estimated based on the proportion.

4. The method for biological control of Solanaceae vegetable pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, when the pest is cabbage looper and the number of cabbage looper exceeds 0.1 per leaf, after completing S4, spinetoram insecticide is used as an auxiliary, and sprayed evenly on the crops with a sprayer in the early morning or evening. The spinetoram insecticide is a biogenic insecticide, and the concentration of the spinetoram preparation is 6%, the spraying amount per mu is about 15 ml, and it is sprayed after being diluted 1500 times.