Annual crop rotation planting mode of early season rice, chenopodium quinoa willd and fragrant green vegetables

Abstract

The invention discloses a year-round crop rotation planting mode of early rice, quinoa and fragrant green vegetables. The year-round crop rotation planting mode comprises the following steps that firstly, early rice is planted from the first ten days of April to the last ten days of August; 2, quinoa is planted from the beginning of September to the first ten days of December; 3, planting the fragrant green vegetables from December to March of the next year. According to the method, the mode of crop rotation of three crops is adopted, it is guaranteed that enough time is provided for tidying field parcels after rice is harvested to prepare for quinoa sowing, meanwhile, after quinoa is harvested, fragrant green vegetables with good cold resistance in one season can be produced, seamless joint of field production in the whole year is achieved, the problem of field crop rotation connection is well solved, and the yield is increased. One more season of green vegetables can be produced, and the field output is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and more specifically to an annual rotation planting model of "early rice-quinoa-coriander greens". Background Art

[0002] In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, in order to meet the market demand for high-quality rice to be put on the market as early as possible, some areas have carried out early rice cultivation, that is, raising seedlings in greenhouses from late March to early April, transplanting to the field in mid-to-late April, and the early rice matures and is harvested in late August. During this period, there is a nearly two-year empty field period, and green manure or ornamental rapeseed is planted in late October or early November. In early to mid-April of the second year, the green manure or ornamental rapeseed is plowed into the field, and the early rice is planted after leveling. The connection between the previous and next crops of early rice has always been a prominent problem in production. The conventional rotation model will cause an empty field period of about 60-90 days, which cannot maximize the production efficiency of farmland. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides an annual rotation model suitable for the interconnected planting of "early rice-quinoa-coriander greens" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which well achieves the goal of improving land utilization while increasing field output.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] The annual rotation planting model of "early rice-quinoa-coriander" includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Plant early rice from early April to late August;

[0007] Step 2: Plant quinoa from early September to early December;

[0008] Step 3: Plant the greens from early to mid-December to March of the following year.

[0009] Preferably, the early rice planting in step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1.1) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in 800 times dilution of 12% fluazifop-pentyl-cypermethrin dispersible powder for 48 hours, then remove them and germinate them at room temperature until they are white;

[0011] (1.2) Seedbed preparation: Select dry land with flat land, fertile soil, convenient seedling transportation, and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Prepare sufficient seedling ponds according to the ratio of seedling field to field area of ​​1:80-100, and plow and dry the soil in advance;

[0012] (1.3) Carefully make the seedling board: the width of the bed is 1.5m, the width of the seedling furrow is 0.25m and the depth is 0.2m. The inner and outer furrows are matched and unobstructed. The field is watered and leveled. After the seedling board is made, it is drained and dried. Two days before sowing, the high and low are shoveled and the cracks are filled;

[0013] (1.4) Precision sowing: Use seedling trays to sow in early April, with a sowing rate of 3.0-4.0 kg / mu. After sowing, water and fertilizer management should be carried out, and the seedlings should be transplanted when they are 15-20 days old;

[0014] (1.5) Precise planting: Transplant in late April, thin water planting, water layer depth 2cm, planting depth 1.5-2.0cm, planting row spacing 25cm-30cm, plant spacing 11-14cm, 4 seedlings / hole, transplanting is completed before the end of April, water and fertilizer management and conventional pest and disease control are carried out after planting;

[0015] (1.6) Timely harvest: Harvest when the rice ears are yellow and the grains are 90%-95% ripe and the moisture content of the grains drops to 25%.

[0016] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer management after sowing in step (1.4) is specifically as follows:

[0017] For covered seedling trays that have not been darkened or are sown directly in the field, water should be immediately irrigated with flat ditch water, the water depth should not exceed the tray surface, and the water should be drained immediately after the tray soil is fully moistened;

[0018] After darkening, cover the seedling trays and irrigate them moistly;

[0019] Keep the tray surface moist and not white before removing the covering. Establish flat ditch water after removing it until the 2-leaf stage to keep the tray surface moist and not white. Water frequently during the 2-3 leaf stage, making sure that the front water does not connect to the back water. 3-4 days before transplanting, irrigate half of the ditch water to stunt the seedlings.

[0020] The subsoil is mixed with a seedling-strengthening agent and does not require topdressing;

[0021] When the seedlings are at the 1-leaf 1-heart stage and the leaf color is lighter, apply 4.0-5.0kg of urea per mu. In the evening, when the seedlings spit water from the leaf tips, evenly spread the urea or dilute with 1000kg of water for irrigation.

[0022] Apply 3g of urea per tray 2-3 days before planting.

[0023] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer management in step (1.5) is specifically as follows:

[0024] For base fertilizer, use 25kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer with nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15 and 5kg / mu of urea;

[0025] Tillering fertilizer is applied twice: 7.5-10.0 kg / mu of urea 5-7 days after planting, and 5.0-7.5 kg / mu of urea 10-12 days after planting;

[0026] The ear fertilizer is mainly used to promote flowering. For plants with normal fading of leaf color and suitable population, 15 kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 15:15:15 and 5 kg / mu of urea are applied at the 4th leaf stage; for plants with dark leaf color, the fertilization time is postponed by 3-5 days and the amount of fertilizer is reduced, 8-10 kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 15:15:15 and 3 kg / mu of urea are applied;

[0027] After thin water planting, moist irrigation is carried out. During the tillering stage, shallow water is frequently used to irrigate, with a water depth of 2-3cm, and new water is added after it dries up naturally. When the number of tillers in the field reaches 80% of the number of ears, water is naturally cut off and the field is left idle until the soil in the whole field is firm and the leaf color fades. From ear differentiation to filling and fruiting stage, alternating dry and wet and intermittent irrigation is mainly used, that is, the water depth is 3-5cm, and new water is added after it dries up naturally. During the booting stage and heading and flowering stage, a shallow water layer of 2-3cm is established, and water is cut off 7-10 days before harvest.

[0028] Preferably, the quinoa planting in step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0029] (2.1) Land preparation: Clean the land, apply 15-30kg / mu of N:P:K compound fertilizer evenly spread on the field, till the field to a depth of 20-25cm, level the field with fine harrowing, dig furrows and make ridges with a width of 2.5-3m, and a 20-25cm wide and 15-20cm deep furrow between the fields. Clean the drainage ditches around the field.

[0030] (2.2) Sowing: Sowing is carried out on the prepared plots, digging furrows and sowing in holes, with a furrow depth of 2.0-3cm, row spacing of 25-35cm, plant spacing of 15-20cm, and a sowing rate of 350-450g / mu. Cover the soil in time after sowing and slightly press down;

[0031] (2.3) Field management: Water thoroughly once on the day of sowing or the next day, transplant seedlings when they are 8-12 cm tall, keep 1-2 seedlings per hole, and weed at the same time; apply compound fertilizer with nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 16:6:20 at 10-15 kg / mu when quinoa seedlings have 8-10 true leaves, and carry out conventional pest and disease control;

[0032] (2.4) Timely harvesting: When 85-95% of the grains in the quinoa ear are filled, they are harvested and threshed, impurities are removed, and the grains are dried and stored.

[0033] Preferably, the planting of fragrant greens in step 3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] (3.1) Field preparation: After quinoa is harvested, the field should be cleaned promptly, and 40-50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio of 15:15:15 and 1500-2000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer should be evenly spread on the soil surface, then plow the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm and harrow it flat;

[0035] (3.2) Seeding and seedling raising: In early to mid-November, first sow Chinese cabbage in the selected nursery field, with a seed rate of 100g / mu. When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, carry out the first thinning. After the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves and quinoa is harvested, prepare the land and plant Chinese cabbage;

[0036] (3.3) Transplanting management: Transplant with soil 30-35 days after sowing, check seedlings and fill gaps within 7 days after planting, plant spacing of 25cm×25-30cm, 5500-6500 plants / mu, and carry out routine pest and disease control after planting;

[0037] (3.4) Harvesting: Harvesting starts at 60 days of the field growing period and lasts until the end of February of the following year.

[0038] Furthermore, the fragrant greens are Wujiang fragrant greens.

[0039] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses an annual crop rotation planting mode of "early rice-quinoa-coriander greens", which has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The present invention adopts a three-crop rotation method, which not only ensures that there is enough time to tidy up the fields after the rice is harvested to prepare for the sowing of quinoa, but also, after the quinoa is harvested, another season of cold-resistant fragrant greens can be produced, thereby achieving seamless connection of field production throughout the year. It not only solves the problem of field crop connection well, but also can produce one more season of green leafy vegetables and greatly improve field output. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] 1.1 Early rice planting: early April to late August

[0044] 1.1.1 Precision sowing and cultivating strong seedlings

[0045] 1.1.1.1 Seed treatment: Seed treatment can effectively prevent and control rice seed-borne diseases. Seeds can be soaked in 800 times diluted 12% fluazifop-pentyl-cypermethrin dispersible powder. After soaking for 48 hours, remove the seeds and germinate them at appropriate temperature until they are white. Seedling blight and dry tip nematode disease can be prevented.

[0046] 1.1.1.2 Preparation of seedling board

[0047] 1.1.1.2.1 Seedbed preparation: Select dry land with flat land, fertile soil, convenient seedling transportation, and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Prepare sufficient seedling pools according to the ratio of seedling field to field of 1:80-100, plow and dry the soil in advance, and apply appropriate fertilizer;

[0048] 1.1.1.2.2 Make the seedling board carefully: the width of the bed is generally 1.5m, the width of the seedling furrow is 0.25m and the depth is 0.2m. The inner and outer furrows are matched and unobstructed. The field is watered and leveled. After the seedling board is made, it is drained and dried to make the board surface solid. Two days before sowing, the high and low parts are shoveled and the cracks are filled to ensure that the board surface is "solid, flat, smooth and straight";

[0049] 1.1.1.3 Precision seeding

[0050] 1.1.1.3.1 Suitable sowing period: Early April is the best time to sow

[0051] 1.1.1.3.1 Precision and uniform sowing: The appropriate amount of seeds per acre of field is generally 3.0-4.0 kg. Try to use hard disk and matching mechanical assembly line sowing to improve sowing uniformity;

[0052] 1.1.1.3.2 Covering the seedling tray: After placing the seedling tray, cover the seedling tray with non-woven fabric, woven fabric, agricultural film, etc. to keep warm and moist, so that the seedlings emerge quickly and evenly. For seedlings that have not been darkened or are directly placed in the field, after covering with non-woven fabric (film), the flat ditch water should be immediately irrigated once, and the water depth should not exceed the tray surface. After the tray soil is fully moistened, it should be immediately drained to facilitate moisture retention and even seedlings. After the tray is placed after darkening, it can be covered with non-woven fabric (film), and it can be irrigated wetly;

[0053] 1.1.1.4 Fine Field Management

[0054] 1.1.1.4.1 Water management: Keep the surface of the tray moist and not white before removing the cloth (film), replenish water if there is water shortage, establish flat ditch water before removing the cloth (film) to the 2-leaf stage to keep the surface of the tray moist and not white; during the 2-3 leaf stage, irrigate frequently according to weather conditions, and ensure that the front water does not connect with the back water; 3-4 days before transplanting, irrigate half of the ditch water to stun the seedlings to enhance the seedlings' resistance to adversity;

[0055] 1.1.1.4.2 Fertilizer application: If the subsoil is mixed with seedling-strengthening agent, topdressing is generally not required. If the seedlings are at the 1-leaf 1-heart stage and the leaf color is lighter, 4.0-5.0 kg of urea can be applied per mu. In the evening, when the seedlings have water at the leaf tips and a thin water layer is established, evenly spread the fertilizer or dilute with 1000 kg of water for irrigation. 2-3 days before planting, apply an appropriate amount of fertilizer (about 3 g of urea per tray), and ensure timely planting.

[0056] 1.1.1.4.3 Pest and disease control: According to the actual occurrence of pests and diseases in the field, scientifically select drugs and use them at the right time to carry out pest and disease control in the rice field;

[0057] 1.1.2 Precision planting

[0058] 1.1.2.1 Fine land preparation: After the greens are harvested, apply basal fertilizer in time, use a high-powered rotary tiller to till the soil and bury the grass, and then water and harrow the field to make it flat, with mature mud and no residue. The height difference of the whole field should not exceed 2.5cm, and the topsoil should be rotten on the top and solid on the bottom. To prevent mud from forming during machine planting, the paddy field should be compacted after leveling. The clay should be compacted for 2-3 days until the mud settles, the topsoil is moderately soft and hard, and the machine does not get stuck during operation. Keep the water thin for machine planting;

[0059] 1.1.2.2 Accurate planting: Transplanting time is generally between April 20 and 30, and seedling age is 15 to 20 days. When transplanting by machine, thin water should be used, with a water layer depth of 2 cm and a planting depth of 1.5 to 2.0 cm. Generally, the field planting row spacing is 25 cm to 30 cm, the plant spacing is 11 to 14 cm, and 4 seedlings per hole. After planting, the planting situation should be checked. If there are consecutive seedling shortages of 3 or more holes, artificial seedlings should be supplemented. During the transplanting period, the seedlings should be transplanted in time, and efforts should be made to complete the transplanting before the end of April.

[0060] 1.1.3 Precise fertilization: apply tillering fertilizer early, mainly promote growth and combine it with ear fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and apply 18 kg of pure nitrogen per mu under the condition of returning all wheat straw to the field. The ratio of base tillering fertilizer to ear fertilizer is 7:3;

[0061] For base fertilizer, use 25kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer with nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15 and 5kg / mu of urea;

[0062] Tillering fertilizer: Apply twice: 7.5-10.0kg / mu of urea 5-7 days after planting, and 5.0-7.5kg / mu of urea 10-12 days after planting (mainly to promote balance);

[0063] For ear fertilizer, flowering-promoting fertilizer is mainly used. For plants with normal fading of leaf color and suitable population, 15 kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 15:15:15 and 5 kg / mu of urea are applied at the 4th leaf stage; for plants with dark leaf color, fertilization time is postponed by 3-5 days and the amount of fertilizer is reduced, 8-10 kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 15:15:15 and 3 kg / mu of urea are applied;

[0064] 1.1.4 Precision irrigation: After planting with thin water, wet irrigation is used to promote rice rooting and growth. The fields where straw is returned to the field should be dehydrated and exposed 2-3 times to prevent dead seedlings. Shallow water should be frequently used for irrigation during the tillering stage. The irrigation depth should be 2-3cm. Wait for it to dry up naturally before adding new water. When the number of tillers in the field reaches 80% of the number of ears, the field should be naturally cut off from water and the field should be left idle. Insist on light and multiple field leaving until the soil in the whole field is firm and the leaves fade. At the same time, prevent heavy leaving from affecting the ear formation rate. From ear differentiation to the filling and fruiting stage, dry-wet alternation and intermittent irrigation are mainly used, that is, the irrigation depth is 3-5cm, and new water should be added after it dries up naturally. A shallow water layer of 2-3cm should be established during the booting stage and heading and flowering stage, and water should be cut off 7-10 days before harvest.

[0065] 1.1.5 Green prevention and control of pests, diseases and weeds: follow the strategy of "front prevention, middle control and back protection", strictly control the dosage, frequency and safe interval of chemical pesticides;

[0066] Scientifically apply seed treatment, seedling treatment technology of applying grafting drugs at the seedling stage, spray biological pesticides in the middle growth stage, green pesticides at the heading stage, and sexual and light attractants to carry out integrated pest and disease control. According to the characteristics of pest and disease occurrence, carry out prevention and control in a coordinated manner during the key period of prevention and control, adopt the method of "mixed pesticides, one drug for multiple treatments", and focus on the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases such as rice brown planthopper, rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, brown planthopper, rice blast, rice false smut, and sheath blight;

[0067] Weed control adopts the method of "sealing before and killing after", with chemical control 2-3 days before machine transplanting and 7-10 days after transplanting, and weeding in the later stage depending on the weed damage situation;

[0068] 1.1.6 Timely harvest: Generally, it is appropriate to harvest when the rice ears are yellow and the grains are 90%-95% ripe, and the moisture content of the grains drops to about 25%;

[0069] 1.2 Quinoa planting: early September to early December

[0070] 1.2.1 Fertilization and land preparation: For planting quinoa, choose a plot with sufficient sunlight, medium fertility, flat field, and convenient irrigation and drainage. Quinoa should not be planted repeatedly. The previous crop should be Gramineae, Leguminosae, and Cucurbitaceae. In early September, clean the plot and use triple compound fertilizer (15:15:15). According to the field fertility, evenly spread it into the field at 15-30kg / mu, and then use a rotary tiller to plow the land to a depth of 20-25cm. Level the land with a fine harrow, dig furrows and make ridges. The ridge surface is 2.5-3m wide, the field furrow is 20-25cm wide and 15-20cm deep. At the same time, clean the drainage ditches around the field and set aside for use.

[0071] 1.2.2 Sowing: In early September, sowing is carried out on the prepared plots. Generally, furrow sowing is adopted, with a furrow depth of 2.0-2.5cm, a row spacing of 25-35cm, and a plant spacing of 15-20cm (the row spacing and plant spacing of high-stem varieties should be appropriately larger, otherwise smaller). Mechanical furrow sowing is carried out, with a furrow depth of 2-3cm and a sowing rate of 350-450g / mu. After sowing, cover the soil in time and slightly press down;

[0072] 1.2.3 Field management: Quinoa is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. It is important to ensure that the field is easily accessible for irrigation and drainage. On the day of quinoa sowing or the next day, water the field thoroughly to ensure that quinoa sprouts normally. When the seedlings are 8-12 cm tall, thin out and settle the seedlings in time. According to the principle of removing the weak and retaining the strong, removing the small and retaining the large, keep 1-2 seedlings in each hole, and cultivate and weed at the same time. Because quinoa has a large demand for potassium, when the quinoa seedlings reach 8-10 true leaves, apply 10-15 kg / mu of compound fertilizer with more potassium (16:6:20);

[0073] 1.2.4 Pest and disease control: Soil-borne diseases and underground pests can be controlled by seed coating; pests and diseases such as noctuids and leaf spot that occur in the middle and late stages of quinoa growth can be controlled by spraying appropriate insecticides and fungicides on the leaves;

[0074] 1.2.5 Timely harvest: In early to mid-December, when quinoa enters the mature stage, the leaves gradually turn yellow or red, and 85-95% of the grains in the ear are filled and fully mature, it can be harvested and threshed, and impurities are removed in time, dried and stored;

[0075] 1.3 Planting of coriander

[0076] Suzhou Wujiang Xiangqingcai is a leafy vegetable of the genus Brassica in the family Cruciferae. Its typical characteristics are that the plant is semi-erect, the plant shape is loose and not waisted, the leaves are broad and oval, the leaf surface has many protrusions, the petiole is white with green, and is broad and flat; it has good cold resistance, and can survive the winter in the open field in Suzhou in normal years, and is not easy to bolt; it is rich in nutrition and has a strong fragrance;

[0077] 1.3.1 Field preparation: After quinoa is harvested, the field should be cleaned in time, 40-50 kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and 1500-2000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer should be evenly spread on the soil surface, and the soil should be ploughed in time to a depth of 25-30 cm, and then raked and set aside;

[0078] 1.3.2 Seeding and seedling raising: Taking full account of the connection between crops, the sowing period of fragrant greens can be selected in early to mid-November. First, sow fragrant greens in the selected nursery field, with a seed rate of 100g / mu. When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, carry out the first thinning. Then thin the seedlings 1-2 times depending on the situation. After the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves and quinoa is harvested, prepare the land and plant fragrant greens;

[0079] 1.3.3 Transplantation management: Transplant 30-35 days after sowing. To avoid damaging the root system, transplant with soil to ensure that the plants survive. Check the seedlings and fill in the gaps within 7 days after planting. The spacing between planting rows should be 25cm×25-30cm, and 5500-6500 plants / mu;

[0080] 1.3.4 Pest and disease control: The main pests and diseases in the production of fragrant green vegetables are aphids, downy mildew and viral diseases. In production, we should focus on optimizing layout, reasonable crop rotation, sunning and disinfection, intertillage and weeding, and reducing the base number of field pests and diseases; use insect-proof nets to avoid insects as much as possible. As leafy vegetables, we must strictly abide by the principles of green prevention and control and scientific prevention and control in the process of pest and disease control, and try to use agricultural prevention and control (such as cultivating strong seedlings without pests and diseases), ecological prevention and control (planting aphid attracting plants near fragrant green vegetables), biological control (such as using bacteria to control bacteria and insects to control insects, mainly using microorganisms and natural enemies to control pests and diseases), physical prevention and control (using black light, high-pressure mercury lamp, sticky insect board, etc. to lure and kill different types of pests, scientific use of drugs, etc.) green prevention and control technology. When chemical agents must be used, we must also adhere to the principle of using low-toxic, high-efficiency and low-residue agents. When using chemical insecticides and fungicides to control pests and diseases, we must ensure a safe interval;

[0081] 1.3.5 Harvesting: The harvesting period of coriander is relatively long. It can be harvested in time according to the field growth conditions and market conditions. Generally, it can be harvested 60 days after the field growth period until the end of February of the following year.

[0082] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals in the field to implement or use the present invention.

[0083] Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The annual crop rotation planting pattern of "early rice-quinoa-coriander" is characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Plant early rice from early April to late August; Step 2: Plant quinoa from early September to early December; Step 3: Plant the greens from mid-December to March of the following year.

2. The annual crop rotation planting pattern of "early rice-quinoa-coriander" according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The early rice planting described in step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: (1.1) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in 800 times dilution of 12% fluazifop-pentyl-cypermethrin dispersible powder for 48 hours, then remove them and germinate them at room temperature until they are white; (1.2) Seedbed preparation: Select dry land with flat land, fertile soil, convenient seedling transportation, and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Prepare sufficient seedling ponds according to the ratio of seedling field to field area of ​​1:80-100, and plow and dry the soil in advance; (1.3) Carefully make the seedling board: the width of the bed is 1.5m, the width of the seedling furrow is 0.25m and the depth is 0.2m. The inner and outer furrows are matched and unobstructed. The field is watered and leveled. After the seedling board is made, it is drained and dried. Two days before sowing, the high and low are shoveled and the cracks are filled; (1.4) Precision sowing: Use seedling trays to sow in early April, with a sowing rate of 3.0-4.0 kg / mu. After sowing, water and fertilizer management should be carried out, and the seedlings should be transplanted when they are 15-20 days old; (1.5) Precise planting: Transplant in late April, thin water planting, water layer depth 2cm, planting depth 1.5-2.0cm, planting row spacing 25cm-30cm, plant spacing 11-14cm, 4 seedlings / hole, transplanting is completed before the end of April, water and fertilizer management and conventional pest and disease control are carried out after planting; (1.6) Timely harvest: Harvest when the rice ears are yellow and the grains are 90%-95% ripe and the moisture content of the grains drops to 25%.

3. The "early rice-quinoa-coriander" annual rotation planting model according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The specific water and fertilizer management after sowing in step (1.4) is as follows: For covered seedling trays that have not been darkened or are sown directly in the field, water should be immediately irrigated with flat ditch water, the water depth should not exceed the tray surface, and the water should be drained immediately after the tray soil is fully moistened; After darkening, cover the seedling trays and irrigate them moistly; Keep the tray surface moist and not white before removing the covering. Establish flat ditch water after removing it until the 2-leaf stage to keep the tray surface moist and not white. Water frequently during the 2-3 leaf stage, making sure that the front water does not connect to the back water. 3-4 days before transplanting, irrigate half of the ditch water to stunt the seedlings. The subsoil is mixed with a seedling-strengthening agent and does not require topdressing; When the seedlings are at the 1-leaf 1-heart stage and the leaf color is lighter, apply 4.0-5.0kg of urea per mu. In the evening, when the seedlings spit water from the leaf tips, evenly spread the urea or dilute with 1000kg of water for irrigation. Apply 3g of urea per tray 2-3 days before planting.

4. The "early rice-quinoa-coriander" annual rotation planting model according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The specific water and fertilizer management in step (1.5) is as follows: For base fertilizer, use 25kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer with nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15 and 5kg / mu of urea; Tillering fertilizer is applied twice: 7.5-10.0 kg / mu of urea 5-7 days after planting, and 5.0-7.5 kg / mu of urea 10-12 days after planting; The ear fertilizer is mainly used to promote flowering. For plants with normal fading of leaf color and suitable population, apply 15 kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 15:15:15 and 5 kg / mu of urea at the 4th leaf stage; for plants with dark leaf color, the fertilization time is postponed by 3-5 days and the amount of fertilizer is reduced. Nitrogen: Phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15 triple compound fertilizer 8-10kg / mu, urea 3kg / mu; After thin water planting, moist irrigation is carried out. During the tillering stage, shallow water is frequently used to irrigate, with a water depth of 2-3cm, and new water is added after it dries up naturally. When the number of tillers in the field reaches 80% of the number of ears, water is naturally cut off and the field is left idle until the soil in the whole field is firm and the leaf color fades. From ear differentiation to filling and fruiting stage, alternating dry and wet and intermittent irrigation is mainly used, that is, the water depth is 3-5cm, and new water is added after it dries up naturally. During the booting stage and heading and flowering stage, a shallow water layer of 2-3cm is established, and water is cut off 7-10 days before harvest.

5. The "early rice-quinoa-coriander" annual rotation planting model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The quinoa planting described in step 2 specifically includes the following steps: (2.1) Land preparation: Clean the land, apply 15-30kg / mu of N:P:K compound fertilizer evenly spread on the field, till the field to a depth of 20-25cm, level the field with fine harrowing, dig furrows and make ridges with a width of 2.5-3m, and a 20-25cm wide and 15-20cm deep furrow between the fields. Clean the drainage ditches around the field. (2.2) Sowing: Sowing is carried out on the prepared plots, digging furrows and sowing in holes, with a furrow depth of 2.0-3cm, row spacing of 25-35cm, plant spacing of 15-20cm, and a sowing rate of 350-450g / mu. Cover the soil in time after sowing and slightly press down; (2.3) Field management: Water thoroughly once on the day of sowing or the next day, transplant seedlings when they are 8-12 cm tall, keep 1-2 seedlings per hole, and weed at the same time; apply compound fertilizer with nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 16:6:20 at 10-15 kg / mu when quinoa seedlings have 8-10 true leaves, and carry out conventional pest and disease control; (2.4) Timely harvesting: When 85-95% of the grains in the quinoa ear are filled, they are harvested and threshed, impurities are removed, and the grains are dried and stored.

6. The annual crop rotation planting pattern of "early rice-quinoa-coriander" according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 3: Planting of fragrant greens specifically includes the following steps: (3.1) Field preparation: After quinoa is harvested, the field should be cleaned promptly, and 40-50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio of 15:15:15 and 1500-2000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer should be evenly spread on the soil surface, then plow the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm and harrow it flat; (3.2) Seeding and seedling raising: In early to mid-November, first sow Chinese cabbage in the selected nursery field, with a seed rate of 100g / mu. When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, carry out the first thinning. After the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves and quinoa is harvested, prepare the land and plant Chinese cabbage; (3.3) Transplanting management: Transplant with soil 30-35 days after sowing, check seedlings and fill gaps within 7 days after planting, plant spacing of 25cm×25-30cm, 5500-6500 plants / mu, and carry out routine pest and disease control after planting; (3.4) Harvesting: Harvesting starts at 60 days of the field growing period and lasts until the end of February of the following year.

7. The "early rice-quinoa-coriander" annual rotation planting model according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The fragrant greens are Wujiang fragrant greens.