Method for artificially cultivating moss crust in fruit forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating moss crust in a fruit forest, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection. According to the method, the moss crust is cultivated in a strip-shaped mode through the under-forest shading area, interference of intense illumination on growth of the moss crust is relieved, meanwhile, moisture evaporation is reduced by covering the film, the temperature of the moss crust on the earth surface is increased, and development of the moss crust is promoted. Moreover, the growth and development of the moss crust do not affect the growth of the fruit trees, the effect of protecting and repairing soil can be achieved, and meanwhile the weeding cost and the watering amount of the fruit trees are reduced. Besides, moisture in surface soil under the forest is fully utilized, the growth requirement of the moss crust is met, meanwhile, the film is covered to reduce moisture loss of the surface soil, the moisture content of the microenvironment of the moss crust in the film is increased by continuously accumulating the moisture, meanwhile, the temperature in the film can be increased, growth of the moss crust is jointly promoted, and the yield of the moss crust is increased. And large-area and rapid cultivation of moss crust is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest. Background Art

[0002] Moss crusts are shade plants, and dark environments are conducive to their growth and development. In the operation of large-scale cultivation of moss crusts, shade nets are often used to shade the moss crusts. Although this method has a certain effect on promoting the growth of moss crusts, if large-scale outdoor cultivation is required, a solid scaffolding needs to be built to fix the shade net, which greatly increases the cultivation cost. In addition, the shade net is a plastic product, which is exposed to the sun for a long time. Due to weathering, the durability gradually decreases with the use time. Repeated replacement of the shade net will increase the cultivation cost and environmental pollution. The main influencing factor for outdoor cultivation of moss crusts is water, and traditional water supply methods such as sprinkler irrigation and flooding are not suitable for the growth of moss crusts. In addition, a complete wilderness moss crust requires 2 to 3 years or even longer to form under natural growth conditions. The long cultivation time makes it difficult to meet the demand for moss crust sources in ecological restoration.

[0003] Therefore, a method for rapidly cultivating moss crusts on a large scale is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) collecting well-developed moss crusts, removing impurities, air-drying and crushing to obtain moss crust seed sources;

[0008] (2) After leveling the land between the fruit trees, isolation cloth, quicksand, microbial organic mixture and bentonite are laid in order from bottom to top to form a culture medium bed, and ridges are formed around the culture medium bed. After waiting for effective rainfall, the moss crust seed source obtained in step (1) is evenly sown, and artificial cultivation is performed after film covering to obtain moss crust under the fruit tree forest;

[0009] (3) Using the moss crust coverage as the first screening index, the plant height as the second screening index, and the spore capsule density as the third screening index, the moss crust under the fruit tree forest in step (2) is screened to obtain artificially cultivated moss crust.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the dominant species in the moss crust include true mosses and neotrue mosses of the family Mossaceae, and the associated species include native diatomaceous mosses and thick-ribbed fringe mosses.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the moss crust is collected in a range including mosses and a biological soil crust layer consolidated with the mosses, and the thickness of the collected moss crust layer is 0.5-1 cm.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the isolation cloth is a nylon mesh with a mesh size greater than 150 meshes, the quicksand is taken from the deep quicksand of the mobile sand dunes, and the microbial organic mixture is obtained by mixing cattle and sheep manure, straw and a microbial fermentation agent and then fully fermenting them.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the sowing amount of the moss crust provenance is 200-1000 g / m 2 .

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the straight-line distance between the culture medium bed and the fruit tree is 50-100 cm.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the fruit forest includes a hawthorn forest, an apricot forest or a plum forest.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the width and length of the mulch film used for covering the ridge are both 50 cm greater than the width and length of the ridge; and / or

[0017] The light transmittance of the artificial cultivation is 20-70%, and the cultivation time is 40-90 days.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the screening index of moss crust coverage is 60-100%.

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), the screening index for plant height is greater than 5 mm.

[0020] Preferably, in step (3), the screening index of the spore density is greater than 100 / m 2 .

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0022] The artificial cultivation method of moss crust provided by the present invention significantly reduces the production cycle of mosses. Compared with relying on natural growth conditions, which takes 2-3 years or even longer to form a complete wilderness moss crust, the artificial cultivation method provided by the present invention only takes 40-90 days to form an initial moss crust, which accelerates the cultivation of moss crusts and effectively utilizes the ecological resources in the orchard, providing a more superior environment for the growth of moss crusts. At the same time, the stress resistance of moss crusts is improved, and better moss crusts are cultivated, which provides a reference basis for the cultivation of artificial moss crusts.

[0023] The present invention utilizes the shaded area under the forest to cultivate moss crusts in strips, thereby reducing the interference of strong light on the growth of moss crusts. At the same time, the film is covered to reduce water evaporation, increase the temperature of the moss crust layer on the surface, and promote the development of moss crusts. In addition, the growth and development of moss crusts will not affect the growth of fruit trees, but can also protect and repair the soil, while reducing the weeding cost and the amount of watering for fruit trees.

[0024] The present invention makes full use of the moisture in the surface soil under the forest to meet the growth needs of moss crusts. At the same time, a film is covered to reduce the water loss of the surface soil. By continuously accumulating moisture, the moisture content of the moss crust microenvironment in the film is increased, and the temperature in the film can also be increased, thereby jointly promoting the growth of moss crusts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a real-time picture after laying the nylon mesh in step (2) of Example 1;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a real-time picture after laying quicksand in step (2) of Example 1;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a picture of the actual situation after laying the microbial organic mixture and bentonite in step (2) of Example 1;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a real-life picture of covering the film after sowing the moss crust seed source in step (2) of Example 1;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a real-life picture of the germination and growth of moss crusts during the artificial cultivation process in step (2) of Example 1;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the moss crust in the fruit forest in step (2) of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) collecting well-developed moss crusts, removing impurities, air-drying and crushing to obtain moss crust seed sources;

[0036] (2) After leveling the land between the fruit trees, isolation cloth, quicksand, microbial organic mixture and bentonite are laid in order from bottom to top to form a culture medium bed, and ridges are formed around the culture medium bed. After waiting for effective rainfall, the moss crust seed source obtained in step (1) is evenly sown, and artificial cultivation is performed after film covering to obtain moss crust under the fruit tree forest;

[0037] (3) Using the moss crust coverage as the first screening index, the plant height as the second screening index, and the spore capsule density as the third screening index, the moss crust under the fruit tree forest in step (2) is screened to obtain artificially cultivated moss crust.

[0038] The method for artificially cultivating moss crust provided by the present invention only takes 40-90 days to form an initial moss crust, which accelerates the cultivation of moss crust and effectively utilizes the ecological resources in the orchard, providing a more superior environment for the growth of moss crust and improving the stress resistance of moss crust.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the dominant species in the moss crust include Bryum argenteum and Bryum kunzei of the Bryaceae family, and the associated species include Didymodon vinealis and Crossidium crassinerv; and the moss crust is preferably a wild moss crust.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the moss crust is collected in a range including mosses and a biological soil crust layer consolidated with the mosses, the thickness of the collected moss crust layer is 0.5-1 cm, and the collection time is preferably during the spring drought period (after long-term drought and cold training, mosses have strong stress resistance).

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the impurity removal specifically includes: manually picking out plant residues, soil clods, stones and other debris visible to the naked eye; and the air-drying is natural air-drying.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the particle size of the moss crust source is ≤2 mm.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the isolation cloth is a nylon mesh with a mesh size greater than 150 mesh; the quicksand is taken from the deep quicksand of the moving sand dunes to reduce the influence of seeds in the soil on the growth of moss crusts, and the depth of the deep quicksand is >50 cm; the preparation method of the microbial organic mixture is: mixing cattle and sheep manure and straw in a mass ratio of 1:1 and adding a microbial fermentation agent accounting for 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the cattle and sheep manure and straw to obtain a mixture; then adding water to control the initial moisture content of the mixture to 60%, and obtaining the microbial organic mixture after sufficient fermentation; the microbial fermentation agent is an EM bacterial fermentation agent purchased from Henan Haowangnong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the height of the ridge formation is above 10 cm, which is conducive to retaining moisture and film covering.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the effective rainfall is greater than 8 mm of rainfall within 24 hours.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the sowing amount of the moss crust seed source is 200-1000g / m 2 .

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the straight-line distance between the culture bed and the fruit tree is 50-100 cm.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the fruit forest includes a hawthorn forest, an apricot forest or a plum forest, and preferably a fruit forest with a height greater than 2.5 meters.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the width and length of the mulch film used for mulching are both greater than the width and length of the ridge by 50 cm. The present invention can maximize the retention of soil moisture in the culture bed, increase the soil humidity and air humidity of the microenvironment in the culture bed, condense dew to promote crust growth; at the same time, rainwater intercepted by the film after mulching can promote the growth of fruit trees, while saving water consumption in the orchard.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the light transmittance of the artificial cultivation is 20-70%, and the cultivation time is 40-90 days. Light transmittance refers to the percentage of the light flux irradiated to the fruit tree and the light flux irradiated through the fruit tree to the culture bed.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the screening index of moss crust coverage is 60-100%.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the coverage is measured by using a grid method, selecting five sample points using a five-point sampling method, and measuring using a dot-pin sample frame method. If there is moss under the grid focus, it is recorded as 1, and if there is no moss, it is recorded as 0. The counting results are added and the average is taken to obtain the coverage. The square grid frame size is 5×5cm, and the grid specification is 0.5×0.5cm.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the screening index for plant height is greater than 5 mm.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the method for measuring the plant height is: 5 points are evenly selected on the two diagonals of the culture medium bed, and the height of the stems and leaves of the plants is randomly measured 3 times at each point using an electronic vernier caliper, and the average value is taken to obtain the plant height.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the screening index of the spore density is greater than 100 / m 2 The maturation of spore capsules and their endospores is an important stage in the life cycle of mosses, marking the beginning of sexual reproduction.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the method for measuring the spore density is: randomly selecting a 50 cm×50 cm sample plot, determining the number of spores, and then calculating the spore density.

[0057] The room temperature in the embodiments of the present invention refers to "25±10°C".

[0058] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the examples of the present invention were purchased from commercial sources.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest, comprising the following specific steps:

[0061] (1) Well-developed wild moss crusts were selected, and the moss crusts and the 1 cm thick soil layer under the crusts were scooped out with a small flat shovel. The plant residues, soil blocks, stones and other impurities visible to the naked eye were manually picked out. After natural air drying, the crusts were crushed and sieved to obtain the moss crust seed source with a particle size of ≤2 mm. Among them, the dominant species in the moss crusts were Bryum argenteum and Bryum kunzei of the Bryaceae family, and the associated species were Didymodon vinealis and Crossidium crassinerv.

[0062] (2) After leveling the land between the hawthorn trees, nylon mesh with a mesh size greater than 150, deep quicksand from the mobile sand dunes with a depth greater than 50 cm, microbial organic mixture, and bentonite were laid from bottom to top to form a culture bed. Ridges of more than 10 cm were built around the culture bed. After the rainfall reached 5-10 mm, the soil was irrigated at 200 g / m 2 The moss crust seed source obtained in step (1) is spread on the culture medium bed in a spreading amount, and a film is covered for artificial cultivation to obtain a moss crust for the fruit forest; wherein the straight-line distance between the culture medium bed and the fruit tree is 50 cm; the preparation method of the microbial organic mixture is: mixing cattle and sheep manure and straw in a mass ratio of 1:1 and adding a microbial fermentation agent accounting for 0.1% of the total mass of the cattle and sheep manure and straw to obtain a mixture; then adding water to control the initial moisture content of the mixture to 60%, and obtaining it after sufficient fermentation; the light transmittance of artificial cultivation is 20-70%, and the cultivation time is 40 days.

[0063] (3) Using moss crust coverage as the first screening index, plant height as the second screening index, and spore density as the third screening index, the fruit tree forest moss crust in step (2) is screened to obtain artificially cultivated moss crust; wherein the screening index of coverage is 60-100%, the screening index of plant height is greater than 5 mm, and the screening index of spore density is greater than 100 / m 2 .

[0064] Figure 1 This is a real-life picture after laying the nylon mesh in step (2) of Example 1.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a real-life picture after laying quicksand in step (2) of Example 1.

[0066] Figure 3 This is a picture of the actual situation after laying the microbial organic mixture and bentonite in step (2) of Example 1.

[0067] Figure 4 This is a real-life picture of covering the film after sowing the moss crust seed source in step (2) of Example 1.

[0068] Figure 5 This is a real-life picture of the germination and growth of moss crusts during the artificial cultivation process in step (2) of Example 1. Figure 5 It can be seen that the ground film can collect condensation water and prevent wind, preventing the crust seeds from being blown away by the wind, and providing a good growth microenvironment for the germination and growth of moss crusts.

[0069] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the moss crust in the fruit forest in step (2) of Example 1. Figure 6 It can be seen that the moss crust cultivated by the artificial cultivation method provided by the present invention is well developed.

[0070] The moss plant density, crust thickness, crust dry weight and capsule density of the artificially cultivated moss crust obtained in Example 1 were tested. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Moss plant density: Randomly select 5 2cm×2cm small frames on the culture bed, measure the number of moss plants in each small frame, calculate the average value and divide it by the area of ​​a single small frame to obtain the moss plant density of the culture bed.

[0072] The method for measuring the spore density is: randomly select a 50cm×50cm sample plot, determine the number of spores, and then calculate the spore density.

[0073] Crust thickness: 5 points were evenly selected on the two diagonals of the culture medium bed, and crust samples were taken using a 1.43 cm diameter circular sampler. The crust thickness was randomly measured 3 times using an electronic vernier caliper and the average value was taken (when the soil is relatively dry, the thickness at which the biological crust can be completely and naturally peeled off by applying external force is the total thickness of the biological crust and the attached soil layer, and this thickness is the direct measurement result of the vernier caliper).

[0074] Dry weight of crust layer: The sampling method is the same as that of crust thickness. After the crust thickness measurement is completed, all samples are collected into paper sampling bags, dried at 65°C to constant weight, and then weighed on a balance. The measured mass divided by the area of ​​the sampled crust layer is the dry weight of the crust layer.

[0075] Table 1 Moss plant density, crust thickness, crust dry weight and capsule density obtained in Example 1

[0076]

[0077] Note: Data are mean ± standard deviation, and the number of samples taken for determination is 7.

[0078] It can be seen from Table 1 that the density of the moss plants cultivated by the cultivation method provided by the present invention is 8.16 plants / cm 2The crust thickness is 1.99 mm and the dry weight of the crust is 0.23 g / cm 2 The density of moss capsules is 118.24 / m 2 .

[0079] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) collecting well-developed moss crusts, removing impurities, air-drying and crushing to obtain moss crust seed sources; (2) After leveling the land between the fruit trees, isolation cloth, quicksand, microbial organic mixture and bentonite are laid in order from bottom to top to form a culture medium bed, and ridges are formed around the culture medium bed. After waiting for effective rainfall, the moss crust seed source obtained in step (1) is evenly sown, and artificial cultivation is performed after film covering to obtain moss crust under the fruit tree forest; (3) Using the moss crust coverage as the first screening index, the plant height as the second screening index, and the spore capsule density as the third screening index, the moss crust under the fruit tree forest in step (2) is screened to obtain artificially cultivated moss crust.

2. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the dominant species in the moss crust include true mosses and neotrue mosses of the family Mossaceae, and the associated species include native anterodontoidea and thick-ribbed fringe mosses.

3. The method for artificially cultivating moss crust under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the moss crust is collected in a range including mosses and a biological soil crust layer consolidated with the mosses, and the thickness of the collected moss crust layer is 0.5-1 cm.

4. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the isolation cloth is a nylon mesh with a mesh size greater than 150 meshes, the quicksand is taken from the deep quicksand of the mobile sand dunes, and the microbial organic mixture is obtained by mixing cattle and sheep manure, straw and microbial fermentation agent and then fully fermenting them.

5. The method for artificially cultivating moss crust under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the sowing amount of the moss crust provenance is 200-1000g / m 2 .

6. The method for artificially cultivating moss crust under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the straight-line distance between the culture medium bed and the fruit tree is 50-100 cm.

7. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the fruit forest includes a hawthorn forest, an apricot forest or a plum forest.

8. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the width and length of the mulch film used for mulching are both 50 cm greater than the width and length of the ridge; and / or The light transmittance of the artificial cultivation is 20-70%, and the cultivation time is 40-90 days.

9. The method for artificially cultivating moss crusts under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the screening index of the moss crust coverage is 60-100%.

10. The method for artificially cultivating moss crust under a fruit tree forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the screening index of plant height is greater than 5 mm; and / or, The screening index of the spore capsule density is greater than 100 / m 2 .

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