A method to improve the quality of underground bud emergence in ratoon sugarcane after machine harvesting

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence in ratoon sugarcane after mechanized harvesting, belonging to the field of agricultural planting technology. The method mainly includes: scientifically mixing two varieties with consistent maturity and complementary traits in a 1:1 ratio during the sugarcane planting stage; after mechanized harvesting of sugarcane, the sugarcane stubble is cleared, and sugarcane leaves fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and sugarcane leaf biochar conditioner are applied to both sides of the stubble using a sugarcane ridge-breaking and stubble-loosening machine, followed by covering with soil and mulch. The method described in this invention can effectively promote the germination of underground buds and the quality of seedlings in ratoon sugarcane, achieving a sustained and stable yield of ratoon sugarcane after mechanized harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence in ratoon sugarcane after machine harvesting, belonging to the field of agricultural planting technology. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in my country and a perennial ratoon crop. Sugarcane has a long growth cycle, large biomass, and many production processes. Harvesting, in particular, involves high labor intensity and production costs, hindering the high-quality development of the sugarcane industry. Mechanized sugarcane harvesting is a crucial way to reduce labor costs and improve the profitability of sugarcane cultivation. Ratoon sugarcane production management is a vital aspect of sugarcane production. In my country, ratoon sugarcane accounts for two-thirds of the total sugarcane planting area, and the quality of underground bud emergence directly affects the total sugarcane yield the following year. In other countries, a single planting of sugarcane can result in continuous ratoon harvesting for 5-7 years. However, in my country's sugarcane-growing areas, due to poor soil conditions and extensive management, the ratoon lifespan is only 2-3 years before requiring re-plowing, increasing planting and production costs.

[0003] During sugarcane harvesting, differences in sugarcane varieties, mismatch between agricultural machinery and agronomy, and lack of skill and standardization in machine operation can lead to damage to sugarcane stumps and compaction of the soil in the sugarcane field. This results in poor emergence of underground buds in the following year's ratoon sugarcane, gaps in rows, and reduced yields. Existing technical measures to address gaps in rows in ratoon sugarcane mainly involve transplanting healthy, rooted sugarcane seedlings to supplement the planting under a single sugarcane variety planting pattern in the same sugarcane field. However, seedling cultivation, supplementation, transplanting, and management are labor-intensive and time-consuming, and cannot be widely applied in production at present. Therefore, effectively mitigating the impact of mechanical harvesting on the germination of underground buds in ratoon sugarcane is the key to ensuring that ratoon sugarcane does not experience gaps in rows or continuous yield reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the issue of seedling quality from underground buds in ratoon sugarcane after mechanized harvesting, this invention aims to provide a method for improving the seedling quality of underground buds in ratoon sugarcane after mechanized harvesting. This method can promote the germination of underground buds and root growth in mechanized ratoon sugarcane, improve the soil structure of the ratoon sugarcane soil, enhance soil permeability, and improve the seedling quality of underground buds in ratoon sugarcane under mechanized harvesting operations. The method includes the following steps:

[0005] (1) When planting sugarcane, two sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period and complementary traits are mixed and planted in a 1:1 ratio.

[0006] (2) After the sugarcane is harvested by machine, the high sugarcane stubble of the previous season is removed. The stubble is cut 3cm to 5cm into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stubble underground.

[0007] (3) Mix the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, pesticides and chemical fertilizers and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane stump.

[0008] (4) Covering with soil and film: Cover with soil in one go after fertilization and pesticide application, with a soil thickness of 5-10cm; after covering with soil, choose to cover with biodegradable film for full film coverage.

[0009] Preferably, the method for preparing sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae in step (3) is as follows: sugarcane leaves are crushed and soaked in water, and Aspergillus oryzae is added. The amount of Aspergillus oryzae added is 10% to 15% of the mass of sugarcane leaves. Fermentation is carried out in a cool and ventilated place for 7 to 15 days. During the fermentation process, the leaves need to be turned over every day.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of biochar conditioner in step (3) is as follows: after the dried sugarcane leaves are crushed into small pieces of 1-2 cm, they are filled into a carbonization furnace and the furnace temperature is maintained at 450℃±10℃ for 4 hours under high temperature anaerobic conditions to obtain biochar conditioner.

[0011] Preferably, in step (3), the amount of sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200-300 kg per mu, and the mass ratio of sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae to biochar conditioner is 1:1.

[0012] Preferably, in step (3), the amount of fertilizer used is 100 kg per mu and the amount of pesticide used is 3 kg per mu.

[0013] Preferably, the compound fertilizer used in step (3) is a full-effect nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (N:P:K mass ratio is 15:15:15).

[0014] Preferably, the insecticide in step (3) is a mixture of 1% thiamethoxam and 9% chlorpyrifos in any proportion.

[0015] Consistent maturity refers to both being early-maturing varieties or both being mid-to-late-maturing varieties;

[0016] Uniform growth means that seedling emergence, tillering, jointing, and plant height are relatively consistent;

[0017] Complementary traits refer to differences in rootstock properties, lodging resistance, and defoliation resistance. For example, varieties with strong rootstock properties and varieties with weak rootstock properties are complementary traits.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0019] (1) In view of the problems of soil compaction, poor permeability and damage to ratoon sugarcane stumps and poor seedling quality caused by machine operation, the present invention adopts two varieties with different genotypes and complementary traits for intercropping during the sugarcane planting stage to reduce the adverse effects of machine harvesting on the underground bud germination of single-variety ratoon sugarcane.

[0020] (2) After machine harvesting, sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is applied to the original stubble and loosened base. At the same time, a 1:1 sugarcane leaf biochar conditioner is added. This method can effectively promote the germination and rooting of underground buds of ratooned sugarcane while retaining water and fertilizer. In addition, this method effectively utilizes sugarcane leaves, which were originally waste, and realizes the effective utilization of resources. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. However, the following embodiments are merely simplified examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are commercially available and conventional.

[0023] Preparation before conducting the experiment

[0024] (1) Prepare fermented sugarcane leaves as follows: crush the sugarcane leaves and soak them in water. Add Aspergillus oryzae at a rate of 12% of the sugarcane leaf mass. Ferment in a cool and ventilated place for 10 days. Turn the sugarcane leaves over every day during the fermentation period. The final product is sugarcane leaves fermented with Aspergillus oryzae.

[0025] (2) Preparation of sugarcane leaf biochar conditioner: waste sugarcane leaves are naturally air-dried and crushed into small pieces of 1-2 cm and fed into a carbonization furnace. Biochar is generated by thermal decomposition under high temperature anaerobic conditions (furnace temperature 450℃±10℃ maintained for 4 hours).

[0026] The variety A mentioned in the example is Yunzhe 05-51. This variety has medium to large stems, is early-maturing, high-yielding and high-sugar, easily loses its leaves, is highly drought-resistant, has thin roots, and is prone to lodging in paddy fields.

[0027] The variety B mentioned in the example is Yuetang 93-159. This variety has medium to large stems, is early-maturing, high-yielding and high-sugar, but has weak drought resistance, thick roots, and is not prone to lodging in paddy fields.

[0028] The fertilizer used in all examples is a complete nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of N:P:K is 15:15:15 and can be purchased through conventional commercial channels.

[0029] All pesticides used in the embodiments were composed of 1% thiamethoxam and 9% chlorpyrifos in any proportion, wherein thiamethoxam and chlorpyrifos can be purchased through conventional commercial channels.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence in ratoon sugarcane after machine harvesting includes the following steps:

[0032] (1) Using a cutting-type sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting-type sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu. Mix and plant variety A and variety B in a 1:1 ratio.

[0033] (2) Stubble removal: Use a sugarcane stubble remover to remove the high sugarcane stubble from the previous season. The stubble should be removed 3cm to 5cm deep into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stubble underground. This will remove apical dominance and promote the germination of low-level buds and the growth of deep roots.

[0034] (3) Rack-breaking and fertilization: Using a sugarcane ridge-breaking machine, ridge-breaking operations are carried out along both sides of the sugarcane stump for 20cm. A loose trench about 10cm wide is formed on the outside of the planting row, and the ridge depth is 25cm. The sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, chemical fertilizer and pesticide are mixed and applied to both sides of the sugarcane stump. The amount of sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200kg per mu, the amount of chemical fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide is 3kg per mu.

[0035] (4) Covering with soil and film: Cover with soil in one go after fertilization and pesticide application, with a soil thickness of 5-10cm; after covering with soil, choose to cover with biodegradable film for full film coverage.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence in ratoon sugarcane after machine harvesting includes the following steps:

[0038] (1) Using a cutting-type sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting-type sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu, and plant variety A.

[0039] (2) Stubble removal: Use a sugarcane stubble remover to remove the high sugarcane stubble from the previous season. The stubble should be removed 3cm to 5cm deep into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stubble underground. This will remove apical dominance and promote the germination of low-level buds and the growth of deep roots.

[0040] (3) Breaking the ridges and loosening the base of the sugarcane for fertilization and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking machine to break the ridges 20cm on both sides of the sugarcane base. Form a loose trench about 10cm wide on the outside of the planting row and loosen the base to a depth of 25cm. Mix the chemical fertilizer and pesticide evenly and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane base. The amount of chemical fertilizer is 100kg per mu and the amount of pesticide is 3kg per mu.

[0041] (4) Covering with soil and film: Cover with soil in one go after fertilization and pesticide application, with a soil thickness of 5-10cm; after covering with soil, choose to cover with biodegradable film for full film coverage.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence in ratoon sugarcane after machine harvesting includes the following steps:

[0044] (1) Using a cutting-type sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting-type sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu, and plant variety A.

[0045] (2) Stubble removal: Use a sugarcane stubble remover to remove the high sugarcane stubble from the previous season. The stubble should be removed 3cm to 5cm deep into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stubble underground. This will remove apical dominance and promote the germination of low-level buds and the growth of deep roots.

[0046] (3) Rack-breaking and fertilization: Using a sugarcane ridge-breaking machine, ridge-breaking operations are carried out along both sides of the sugarcane stump for 20cm. A loose trench about 10cm wide is formed on the outside of the planting row, with a ridge-breaking depth of 25cm. The sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, chemical fertilizer and pesticide are mixed and applied to both sides of the sugarcane stump. The amount of sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200kg per mu, the amount of biochar conditioner is 200kg per mu, the amount of chemical fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide is 3kg per mu.

[0047] (4) Covering with soil and film: Cover with soil in one go after fertilization and pesticide application, with a soil thickness of 5-10cm; after covering with soil, choose to cover with biodegradable film for full film coverage.

[0048] Comparative Example 3

[0049] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence in ratoon sugarcane after machine harvesting includes the following steps:

[0050] (1) Using a cutting-type sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting-type sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu, and plant variety B.

[0051] (2) Stubble removal: Use a sugarcane stubble remover to remove the high sugarcane stubble from the previous season. The stubble should be removed 3cm to 5cm deep into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stubble underground. This will remove apical dominance and promote the germination of low-level buds and the growth of deep roots.

[0052] (3) Breaking the ridges and loosening the base of the sugarcane for fertilization and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking equipment to break the ridges 20cm on both sides of the sugarcane base. Form a loosening trench about 10cm wide on the outside of the planting row and loosen the base to a depth of 25cm. Mix the chemical fertilizer and pesticide evenly and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane base. The amount of chemical fertilizer used is 100kg per mu and the amount of pesticide used is 3kg per mu.

[0053] (4) Covering with soil and film: Cover with soil in one go after fertilization and pesticide application, with a soil thickness of 5-10cm; after covering with soil, choose to cover with biodegradable film for full film coverage.

[0054] Comparative Example 4

[0055] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence in machine-harvested ratoon sugarcane, characterized by the following steps:

[0056] (1) Using a cutting-type sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting-type sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu, and plant variety B.

[0057] (2) Stubble removal: Use a sugarcane stubble remover to remove the high sugarcane stubble from the previous season. The stubble should be removed 3cm to 5cm deep into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stubble underground. This will remove apical dominance and promote the germination of low-level buds and the growth of deep roots.

[0058] (3) Rack-breaking and fertilization: Using a sugarcane ridge-breaking machine, ridge-breaking operations are carried out along both sides of the sugarcane stump for 20cm. A loose trench about 10cm wide is formed on the outside of the planting row, and the ridge depth is 25cm. The sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, chemical fertilizer and pesticide are mixed and applied to both sides of the sugarcane stump. The amount of sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200kg per mu, the amount of chemical fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide is 3kg per mu.

[0059] (4) Covering with soil and film: Cover with soil in one go after fertilization and pesticide application, with a soil thickness of 5-10cm; after covering with soil, choose to cover with biodegradable film for full film coverage.

[0060] Comparative Example 5

[0061] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence in ratoon sugarcane after machine harvesting includes the following steps:

[0062] (1) Using a cutting-type sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting-type sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu. Mix and plant variety A and variety B in a 1:1 ratio.

[0063] (2) Stubble removal: Use a sugarcane stubble remover to remove the high sugarcane stubble from the previous season. The stubble should be removed 3cm to 5cm deep into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stubble underground. This will remove apical dominance and promote the germination of low-level buds and the growth of deep roots.

[0064] (3) Breaking the ridges and loosening the base of the sugarcane for fertilization and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking machine to break the ridges 20cm on both sides of the sugarcane base. Form a loose trench about 10cm wide on the outside of the planting row and loosen the base to a depth of 25cm. Mix the chemical fertilizer and pesticide and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane base. The amount of chemical fertilizer is 100kg per mu and the amount of pesticide is 3kg per mu.

[0065] (4) Covering with soil and film: Cover with soil in one go after fertilization and pesticide application, with a soil thickness of 5-10cm; after covering with soil, choose to cover with biodegradable film for full film coverage.

[0066] The emergence and yield characteristics of ratoon sugarcane after machine harvesting in Example 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0067] Table 1. Statistics on emergence and yield traits of ratooned sugarcane in paddy fields during mechanized harvesting.

[0068]

[0069] The statistical data in Table 1 shows that, without the application of Aspergillus oryzae-fermented sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer and biochar conditioner, the intercropping of two complementary varieties increased underground bud germination by about 5% compared to the monoculture planting method, with a slight increase in sugarcane stalk yield. After applying Aspergillus oryzae-fermented sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer and sugarcane leaf biochar conditioner, the intercropping of two complementary varieties increased underground bud germination by about 10% compared to the monoculture planting method, with an increase in sugarcane stalk yield of about 2 tons per acre. Therefore, the method described in this invention can not only effectively improve the emergence rate of ratooned sugarcane after machine harvesting, but also effectively increase the yield of sugarcane per acre.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality of the emergence of ratoon suckers of sugar cane after mechanical harvesting, characterized in that: It comprises the following steps: (1) When planting sugarcane, two sugarcane varieties with consistent maturity and complementary traits are mixed and planted according to a 1:1 ratio; (2) After sugarcane is mechanically harvested, the stubble is removed: the high stubble of the previous season's sugarcane is removed, and the stubble removal operation is 3cm~5cm into the soil, leaving 5cm~10cm of underground stubble; (3) After mixing the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, the biochar conditioner, pesticides, and fertilizers, they are all applied to the sides of the cane stubble; (4) Covering soil and mulching: covering soil is completed at one time after fertilization and pesticide application, and the covering soil thickness is 5~10cm; after covering soil, biodegradable mulch is selected for whole mulching; The preparation method of the biochar conditioner in step (3) is: the air-dried sugarcane leaves are crushed into 1~2cm pieces and filled into a carbonization furnace, under high-temperature anaerobic conditions, the furnace temperature is maintained at 450℃±10℃ for 4 hours to obtain the biochar conditioner; In step (3), the amount of sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200~300kg per mu, and the mass ratio of sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae to biochar conditioner is 1:

1.

2. The method for improving the quality of sprouting of the underground buds of the ratoon cane after mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae in step (3) is: the sugarcane leaves are crushed and soaked with water, Aspergillus oryzae is added, the amount of Aspergillus oryzae added is 10%~15% of the mass of the sugarcane leaves, and the fermentation is carried out in a cool and ventilated place for 7~15 days, and the fermentation process needs to be stirred every day.

3. The method for improving the quality of sprouting of the underground buds of the ratoon cane after harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the amount of chemical fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide is 3kg per mu.

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