Breeding method for improving growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Wenchang chicken breeding, and discloses a breeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens, which comprises the following steps: mixing different feed raw materials of Wenchang chickens to obtain a finished feed, and feeding twice a day; when the chickens are 81 days old, feeding the chickens in cages, limiting large-range activities and illumination, not giving illumination at night and only giving weak light in the daytime, carrying out intensive and large-scale breeding, and feeding the chickens with breeding chicken feed twice a day, wherein five chickens are fed in each cage. According to the test, the Wenchang chicken of 81-120 days is taken as an object, the influence of addition of different levels of rice on the growth performance and meat quality of the Wenchang chicken is researched, a theoretical basis is provided for reasonable and effective application of the rice in Wenchang chicken feed, corn in poultry feed is partially replaced with the rice, the pressure of corn import can be relieved, and the application potential is huge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Wenchang chicken breeding, and in particular relates to a breeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chicken. Background Art

[0002] Rice is a traditional food crop in my country. It has the advantages of large planting volume and short maturity period. It is also a feed raw material with a wide source. Studies have shown that rice has a high content of digestible protein and its biological value is the highest among cereals. It is a high-value raw material. Except for threonine, leucine and histidine, the content of essential amino acids in rice is higher than that in corn. It is also reported that in poultry production, the amino acid digestibility of rice is slightly lower than that of corn. Therefore, replacing corn in poultry feed with rice can reduce the pressure of corn imports and has great application potential.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A breeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens, comprising:

[0006] Wenchang chicken feed formula components: rice, corn meal, soybean meal, fish meal, bran, vegetable oil, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, edible salt and premix;

[0007] Mix the Wenchang chicken feed components to obtain a finished feed, and feed it twice a day;

[0008] Cage breeding: Chickens are raised in cages starting from 116 days of age, with 5 chickens in each cage. Large-scale activities are restricted, and light is limited. No light is given at night, and only weak light is given during the day. Intensive and large-scale breeding is carried out, and the chickens are fed with grower feed twice a day. The grower feed is mixed with 22-25% by weight of rice.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the premix provides per kilogram of feed: vitamin A 10000 IU, vitamin D3 2000 IU, vitamin E 10 mg, vitamin B1 2 mg, vitamin B2 3 mg, vitamin B6 3.50 mg, niacin 15 mg, copper 10 mg, iron 80 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 70 mg, iodine 2 mg, selenium 0.40 mg, folic acid 0.50 mg, pantothenic acid 10 mg, biotin 0.15 mg, and cyanocobalamin 10 μg.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Wenchang chicken feed comprises: 20-25 parts by weight of rice.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Wenchang chicken feed mass components (including rice) include: 30-40 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of fish meal, 10-30 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of vegetable oil, 5-20 parts of stone powder, 2-8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 5-8 parts of edible salt.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The experiment in the present invention takes 81-120 days as the object, studies the effect of adding different levels of rice on the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chicken, provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable and effective application of rice in Wenchang chicken feed, and partially replaces corn in poultry feed with rice, which can reduce the pressure of corn import, and has great application potential. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments are clearly and completely described below. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0015] Embodiment 1:

[0016] A breeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens, comprising:

[0017] Wenchang chicken feed formula components: rice, corn meal, soybean meal, fish meal, bran, vegetable oil, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, edible salt and premix;

[0018] Mix the Wenchang chicken feed components to obtain a finished feed, and feed it twice a day;

[0019] Cage breeding: Chickens are raised in cages starting from 81 days of age, with 5 chickens in each cage. Large-scale activities are restricted, and light is limited. No light is given at night, and only weak light is given during the day. Intensive and large-scale breeding is carried out, and the growing chicken feed is fed twice a day. The growing chicken feed is mixed with 22-25% by weight of Wenchang chicken main feed.

[0020] Further, the premix provides per kilogram of feed: vitamin A 10000 IU, vitamin D3 2000 IU, vitamin E 10 mg, vitamin B1 2 mg, vitamin B2 3 mg, vitamin B6 3.50 mg, niacin 15 mg, copper 10 mg, iron 80 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 70 mg, iodine 2 mg, selenium 0.40 mg, folic acid 0.50 mg, pantothenic acid 10 mg, biotin 0.15 mg, cyanocobalamin 10 μg;

[0021] Furthermore, the main feed mass component of the Chang chicken is: 20 parts of rice.

[0022] Furthermore, the Wenchang chicken feed comprises the following components by mass: 30 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of bran, 5 parts of vegetable oil, 5 parts of stone powder, 2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 5 parts of edible salt.

[0023] Embodiment 2:

[0024] The difference between the above embodiment and the present embodiment is: a feeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens, mixing the Wenchang chicken feed components to obtain a total finished feed, and feeding 3 to 5 times a day;

[0025] Cage breeding: Chickens are raised in cages starting from 81 days of age, with 5 chickens in each cage. Large-scale activities are restricted, and light is limited. No light is given at night, and only weak light is given during the day. Intensive and large-scale breeding is carried out, and the growing chicken feed is fed twice a day. The growing chicken feed is mixed with 22-25% by weight of Wenchang chicken main feed.

[0026] Further, the premix provides per kilogram of feed: vitamin A 10000 IU, vitamin D3 2000 IU, vitamin E 10 mg, vitamin B1 2 mg, vitamin B2 3 mg, vitamin B6 3.50 mg, niacin 15 mg, copper 10 mg, iron 80 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 70 mg, iodine 2 mg, selenium 0.40 mg, folic acid 0.50 mg, pantothenic acid 10 mg, biotin 0.15 mg, cyanocobalamin 10 μg;

[0027] Furthermore, the main feed mass component of the Chang chicken is: 22 parts of rice.

[0028] Furthermore, the Wenchang chicken feed comprises the following components by mass: 35 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of bran, 8 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 6 parts of edible salt.

[0029] Embodiment 3:

[0030] The difference between the above embodiment and the present embodiment is: a feeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens, mixing the Wenchang chicken feed components to obtain a total finished feed, and feeding the chickens twice a day;

[0031] Cage breeding: Chickens are raised in cages starting from 81 days of age, with 5 chickens in each cage. Large-scale activities are restricted, and light is limited. No light is provided at night, and only weak light is provided during the day. Intensive and large-scale breeding is carried out, and the growing chicken feed is fed 3 to 5 times a day. The growing chicken feed is mixed with 22 to 25% by weight of Wenchang chicken main feed.

[0032] Further, the premix provides per kilogram of feed: vitamin A 10000 IU, vitamin D3 2000 IU, vitamin E 10 mg, vitamin B1 2 mg, vitamin B2 3 mg, vitamin B6 3.50 mg, niacin 15 mg, copper 10 mg, iron 80 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 70 mg, iodine 2 mg, selenium 0.40 mg, folic acid 0.50 mg, pantothenic acid 10 mg, biotin 0.15 mg, cyanocobalamin 10 μg;

[0033] Furthermore, the main feed mass component of the Chang chicken is: 25 parts of rice.

[0034] Furthermore, the Wenchang chicken feed comprises the following components by mass: 40 parts of corn flour, 40 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of bran, 10 parts of vegetable oil, 20 parts of stone powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 8 parts of edible salt.

[0035] Experimental example:

[0036] Experimental animals and groups:

[0037] 500 healthy Wenchang chickens with the same genetic background and similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, each with 5 replicates and 20 chickens in each replicate. They were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0.00%, 5.00%, 10.00%, 15.00% and 20.00%) of rice.

[0038] Diet composition and nutritional level:

[0039] The experimental diet was prepared with reference to the nutritional requirements of yellow-feathered broilers (NYT3645-2020). The nutritional composition and nutritional level are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Artificial lighting and natural lighting were combined. Feed and water were freely available. Routine immunization was performed, and other routine feeding and management were carried out.

[0041] Growth performance:

[0042] The chickens were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, the amount of feed and leftover feed were recorded every day, and the daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio were calculated.

[0043] Meat quality and nutritional content:

[0044] After the experiment, two chickens with a body weight close to the average were selected from each replicate for slaughter.

[0045] 1) Take pectoralis major muscle and leg muscle to measure pH value, drip loss, cooking loss, cooked meat rate and shear force.

[0046] 2) Take 200-300g of chest muscle and leg muscle, place them in a ziplock bag and store at -20℃. Used to determine the content of muscle nutrients: water, crude protein, intramuscular fat and amino acid content.

[0047] Table 1 shows the composition and nutritional level of the experimental diet (air-dried basis, %)

[0048]

[0049] The experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using SAS8.02 statistical software, with P < 0.05 as the significant level, and Duncan's method was used for multiple comparisons.

[0050] Test results:

[0051] Effects of different rice levels on growth performance of 81-120d Wenchang chickens

[0052] As can be seen from Table 2, the final weight and daily weight gain of the groups with 15% and 20% addition were significantly higher than those of the group without addition (P<0.05); the feed intake of the groups with 5%, 10% and 15% addition was significantly increased compared with the group without addition (P<0.05); the feed-to-weight ratio of the 20% group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the 20% group and the 15% group (P>0.05).

[0053] Table 2 Effects of different rice levels on growth performance of 81-120d Wenchang chickens (g)

[0054]

[0055] Note: Data in the same row without letters or with the same letters indicate no significant difference (P>0.05), while different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same applies below.

[0056] As can be seen from Table 2, the shear force of the breast muscle of Wenchang chicken in the 15% group was significantly lower than that in the non-added group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the 15% group and the other added groups (P<0.05). 45min , pH 24h , L, a, b, drip loss and cooking loss, there were no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05).

[0057] Table 3 Effects of different levels of rice on the texture indexes of 81-120d Wenchang chicken legs

[0058]

[0059] Table 4 Effects of different levels of rice on the texture indexes of 81-120d Wenchang chicken legs

[0060]

[0061] As shown in Table 4, the drip loss of Wenchang chicken leg muscle in the 15% group was significantly lower than that in the 5% group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the other supplemented groups (P<0.05). 45min , pH 24h , L, a, b, cooking loss and shear force, there were no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05).

[0062] 2.4 Effects of different rice levels on histological characteristics of breast muscle of 81-120-day-old Wenchang chickens

[0063] As can be seen from Table 5, no matter the muscle fiber diameter, the number of muscle fibers, the total muscle fiber area, the muscle fiber density and the average muscle fiber area, there was no significant difference among the treatment groups (P>0.05).

[0064] Table 5 Effects of different rice levels on histological characteristics of breast muscle of Wenchang chickens from 81 to 120 days old

[0065]

[0066] Effects of different rice levels on the general nutritional content of 81-120d Wenchang chicken breast muscle:

[0067] As shown in Table 6, the moisture content of the breast muscle of Wenchang chicken in the 5% and 10% groups was significantly higher than that in the 15% group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the non-added group and the 20% group (P>0.05); the crude protein content of the breast muscle in the 20% group was significantly higher than that in the non-added group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 5%, 10% and 15% groups (P<0.05); the intramuscular fat content of the breast muscles of each group did not reach a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0068] Table 6 Effects of different rice levels on the conventional nutritional content of 81-120d Wenchang chicken breast muscle (g / 100g)

[0069]

[0070] Effects of different levels of rice on the general nutritional content of 81-120d Wenchang chicken thigh muscle:

[0071] Table 6 Effect of different rice levels on the conventional nutritional content of 81-120d Wenchang chicken breast muscle (g / 100g); It can be seen from Table 6 that the moisture content of Wenchang chicken breast muscle in the non-added group and 20% group was significantly higher than that in the 10% group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the 5% and 15% groups (P>0.05); the crude protein content of breast muscle in the 15% and 20% groups was significantly lower than that in the non-added group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the 5%, 10% and 15% groups (P<0.05); the intramuscular fat content of breast muscle in each group did not reach a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0072] Effects of different levels of rice on the amino acid content of Wenchang chicken breast muscle from 81 to 120 days old:

[0073] From 7, we can see that the tyrosine and leucine contents in the breast muscle of Wenchang chicken in the 20% group were significantly higher than those in the 15% group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them and the non-added group, 5% group and 10% group (P>0.05); the phenylalanine contents in the breast muscle of the 5%, 10% and 20% groups were significantly higher than those in the 15% group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them and the non-added group (P>0.05); the proline content in the breast muscle of the 5% group was significantly higher than that in the 10%, 15% and 20% groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them and the non-added group (P>0.05);

[0074] Table 7 Effects of different levels of rice on the amino acid content of Wenchang chicken breast muscle from 81 to 120 days

[0075]

[0076] This study found that with the increase in the proportion of rice replacement, the weight of Wenchang chicken and daily weight gain increased, while the feed-to-weight ratio decreased, and the 20% addition level was better.

[0077] Effects of rice on the physicochemical properties of Wenchang chicken muscle:

[0078] Physical indicators for evaluating meat quality mainly include pH, meat color, water-binding capacity and shear force. pH is related to the fermentation rate and intensity of muscle glycogen after slaughter, directly affecting the color, tenderness, cooking loss and meat preservation of meat, and is one of the important indicators reflecting chicken quality. Appropriate pH is conducive to improving the flavor of muscle.

[0079] Meat color is an important indicator for evaluating muscle appearance, which directly determines the degree of consumer acceptance of chicken. It is mainly determined by the myoglobin content in the muscle. The meat quality level is proportional to the a* value and inversely proportional to the L* value and b* value. The higher the a* value, the lower the L* and b* values, and the better the meat quality. Shear force is an important indicator for evaluating muscle tenderness. The smaller the value, the more tender the muscle. Water-binding capacity refers to the ability of muscle to retain its internal water when subjected to external force, which affects the juiciness, tenderness and color of the muscle. It is usually reflected by drip loss and cooking loss. The smaller the value, the greater the water-binding capacity. Water-binding capacity and shear force are closely related to the color, flavor, tenderness and nutritional value of the muscle. This study showed that the pH, meat color, cooking loss, drip loss of breast muscle and shear force of leg muscle in each group were not much different, but the shear force of breast muscle and drip loss of leg muscle in the 15% group were significantly reduced. It suggests that adding a certain level of rice can improve the quality of Wenchang chicken.

[0080] This study found that the water content of breast muscle in the 5% and 10% groups increased significantly, and the protein content of breast muscle in the 20% group also increased significantly, indicating that adding a certain level of rice can increase the juiciness and nutritional value of the muscle, thereby improving meat quality.

[0081] As the basic unit of protein, the number, type and proportion of amino acids are important indicators for evaluating muscle quality. The type and content of essential amino acids play an important role in the nutritional value of meat protein. Among them, essential amino acids mainly determine the nutritional value of meat, while flavor amino acids mainly determine the umami taste of meat. At the same time, amino acids can also react chemically with reducing sugars to produce fragrance, which has an important impact on the nutritional value and taste of chicken. In addition, the content of flavor amino acids also has a significant effect on the flavor of meat. This experiment shows that the content of tyrosine in breast muscle of the 20% group, phenylalanine in the 5%, 10% and 20% groups, proline in the 5% group, leucine in the 20% group and proline in the leg muscle of the 15% group were significantly increased, indicating that adding a certain level of rice can improve the nutritional value, umami taste and flavor of meat.

[0082] This study showed that the muscle fiber characteristics of the breast muscles of each group were similar, indicating that the addition of rice did not affect the muscle fiber characteristics of the breast muscles of Wenchang chickens.

[0083] Under the experimental conditions, adding 20% ​​rice can improve the growth performance of 81-120d Wenchang chickens; adding 5%-20% rice can also improve the quality of Wenchang chicken meat.

Claims

1. A breeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens, characterized in that: include: Wenchang chicken feed formula components: rice, corn meal, soybean meal, fish meal, bran, vegetable oil, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, edible salt and premix; The Wenchang chicken feed components are mixed to obtain a total finished feed, which is fed twice a day; Cage breeding: Chickens are raised in cages starting from 81 days of age, with 5 chickens in each cage. Large-scale activities are restricted, and light is limited. No light is given at night and only weak light is given during the day. Intensive and large-scale breeding is carried out, and the chickens are fed with grower feed twice a day. The grower feed is mixed with 22% to 25% by weight of rice.

2. A breeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix provides, per kilogram of feed, the following: vitamin A 10000 IU, vitamin D3 2000 IU, vitamin E 10 mg, vitamin B1 2 mg, vitamin B2 3 mg, vitamin B6 3.50 mg, niacin 15 mg, copper 10 mg, iron 80 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 70 mg, iodine 2 mg, selenium 0.40 mg, folic acid 0.50 mg, pantothenic acid 10 mg, biotin 0.15 mg, and cyanocobalamin 10 μg.

3. A breeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chicken according to claim 1, wherein the Wenchang chicken feed mass component: 20-25 parts of rice.

4. A feeding method for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chicken according to claim 1, wherein the Wenchang chicken feed mass components include: 22-25 parts of rice, 30-40 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of fish meal, 10-30 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of vegetable oil, 5-20 parts of stone powder, 2-8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 5-8 parts of edible salt.

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