A kind of silage feed of waste straw of sage and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of silage, and in particular to a kind of sage waste straw silage and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: chopping the sage waste straw after airing into 2-3 cm, uniformly mixing it into other straw fragments, and obtaining straw material; uniformly mixing a lactic acid bacteria preparation, an enzyme preparation and the straw material, and obtaining a fermentation material; loading the fermentation material into an silage fermentation tank for compaction, sealing and fermentation treatment, and obtaining sage waste straw silage. The present invention uses the discarded sage waste straw as the main raw material, and uses a lactic acid bacteria preparation and an enzyme preparation of a specific composition to assist in fermentation. When determining the type and addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria preparation and the enzyme preparation, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as raw material characteristics, target fermentation effect, and animal feeding and digestion characteristics, and find the best combination through experiments and observations to achieve optimization of sage waste straw silage in nutrition, taste, and storage time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of silage, and more specifically to silage of discarded clary sage straw and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a precious aromatic plant with high nutritional value, Clary Sage is one of the economic crops grown in large quantities in Zhaosu area of ​​Yili. The "waste" such as straw produced after the extraction of volatile oil from Clary Sage by steam distillation cannot be reused, resulting in a great waste. Not reusing the discarded Clary Sage straw is not only an economic loss, but also causes great difficulties for environmental protection. Mixing Clary Sage straw with silage is the best way to solve this problem. The research on the technology of making mixed silage from discarded Clary Sage straw and the feed quality control technology accurately solves this problem. This project studies the optimal ratio production technology of mixed silage from discarded Clary Sage straw to ensure the optimal resource utilization of mixed silage from discarded Clary Sage straw and maintain a good roughage quality. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing silage of waste sage straw, so as to solve the technical problem that the waste sage straw cannot be reused and the silage has low nutritional value and palatability.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A method for preparing silage from discarded sage straws comprises the following steps: chopping the air-dried discarded sage straws into pieces with a length of 2-3 cm, and uniformly mixing the pieces with other straw fragments to obtain straw material; uniformly mixing a lactic acid bacteria preparation, an enzyme preparation and the straw material to obtain a fermentation material; and loading the fermentation material into a silage fermentation tank for compaction, sealing and fermentation treatment to obtain silage from discarded sage straws.

[0006] Preferably, the water content of the dried sage straw is 60-70%. This is because if the water content is too high, the silage is prone to produce butyric acid and may ooze juice, resulting in loss of nutrients; when the water content is too low, the silage is difficult to compact, air will remain, causing aerobic microorganisms to multiply in large quantities, resulting in deterioration of the silage.

[0007] Preferably, the other straw fragments include at least one of wild hay fragments and wheat straw fragments, and the content does not exceed 50%. This is because for animals that need high-energy feed to meet rapid growth or high production performance, using sage silage alone may not meet their energy needs, and they need to be used in combination with high-energy feed such as wild hay and wheat.

[0008] Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria preparation is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, and the number of viable bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum is (1-5)×10 7 CFU / mL, the number of viable Lactobacillus acidophilus is (1-5)×10 7 CFU / mL. This is because Lactobacillus plantarum can grow in a wide range of temperature and pH, and can effectively use a variety of sugars for fermentation to produce lactic acid and a small amount of acetic acid, which helps to lower the pH value of silage and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. Lactobacillus acidophilus has a better tolerance to acidic environments. During the fermentation process, it can better adapt to the gradually acidifying environment of silage and continue to play a fermentation role. It can also produce some bacteriocins, which have an inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria such as Clostridium.

[0009] Preferably, 7-8 L of lactic acid bacteria preparation is added to each ton of straw material.

[0010] Preferably, the enzyme preparation is composed of a mixture of cellulase and hemicellulase in a volume ratio of 2:1, and the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is (1-2)×10 4 IU / g, the enzymatic activity of hemicellulase is (1-3)×10 4 IU / g. This is because the cellulose content in the raw material of Clary Sage is relatively high. The selection of cellulase can effectively decompose cellulose, release fermentable sugars, and improve the nutritional value and palatability of the feed. Hemicellulase is suitable for decomposing hemicellulose, which is helpful for improving the texture of the feed and increasing energy utilization.

[0011] Preferably, 6-8 kg of enzyme preparation is added to each ton of straw material.

[0012] Preferably, the compaction degree of the fermentation material is 650-700Kg / m 3 This is because insufficient compaction will result in air entrapment, which will cause aerobic microorganisms to multiply, consume nutrients, and even lead to silage failure.

[0013] Preferably, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20-30°C and the fermentation time lasts for 45-50 days. This is because within this temperature range, the growth and metabolic activities of beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria are relatively active, and fermentation can be carried out effectively. If the temperature is too high, it may cause a large number of bacteria to multiply and produce unpleasant odors and substances; if the temperature is too low, the fermentation speed will slow down. In addition, after 45-50 days of fermentation, the silage prepared has a sour aroma, a yellow-green color, and a soft texture.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of waste perilla straw silage, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention uses discarded sage straw as the main raw material for silage, and uses lactic acid bacteria preparations and enzyme preparations of specific composition to assist feed fermentation. The rational use of lactic acid bacteria preparations and enzyme preparations is the key to producing high-quality sage silage. When determining the types and addition amounts of the two, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as raw material characteristics, target fermentation effects, and animal feeding and digestion characteristics. The best combination is found through experiments and observations to achieve optimization of sage straw silage in terms of nutrition, taste, and shelf life. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Example 1

[0017] A method for preparing sage waste straw silage comprises the following steps: chopping sage waste straw with a water content of 60-70% after drying into pieces with a length of 2-3 cm, taking 700 kg of sage waste straw pieces, 200 kg of wild hay pieces with a length of 2-3 cm, and 100 kg of wheat straw pieces with a length of 2-3 cm, and uniformly mixing them to obtain 1000 kg of straw material; uniformly mixing 8 L of lactic acid bacteria preparation, 8 kg of enzyme preparation and 1000 kg of straw material to obtain fermentation material; and loading the fermentation material into a silage fermentation tank for compacting, sealing and fermentation to obtain sage waste straw silage.

[0018] The lactic acid bacteria preparation is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, and the number of viable bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum is (1-5)×10 7 CFU / mL, the number of viable Lactobacillus acidophilus is (1-5)×10 7 CFU / mL. The enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase and hemicellulase mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1. The enzymatic activity of cellulase is (1-2)×10 4 IU / g, the enzymatic activity of hemicellulase is (1-3)×10 4 IU / g. Control the compaction degree of fermentation material to 650-700Kg / m 3 The fermentation temperature is 20-30℃ and the fermentation time is 45 days.

[0019] Comparative Example 1

[0020] A method for preparing silage of discarded sage straw, which is different from that of Example 1 only in that the amount of lactic acid bacteria preparation added is 7L.

[0021] Comparative Example 2

[0022] A method for preparing silage of discarded sage straw, which is different from that of Example 1 only in that the amount of lactic acid bacteria preparation added is 6L.

[0023] Comparative Example 3

[0024] A method for preparing silage of discarded sage straw, which is different from that of Example 1 only in that the amount of lactic acid bacteria preparation added is 0 L.

[0025] Comparative Example 4

[0026] A method for preparing silage of discarded sage straw, which is different from that of Example 1 only in that the amount of lactic acid bacteria preparation added is 9L.

[0027] Comparative Example 5

[0028] A method for preparing silage of discarded sage straw, which is different from that of Example 1 only in that the amount of lactic acid bacteria preparation added is 10L.

[0029] Comparative Example 6

[0030] A method for preparing silage from discarded sage straw, the difference from Example 1 being that the amount of enzyme preparation added is 0 kg.

[0031] Comparative Example 7

[0032] A method for preparing silage from discarded sage straws is different from that in Example 1 only in that the amount of enzyme preparation added is 4 kg.

[0033] Comparative Example 8

[0034] A method for preparing silage from discarded sage straws is different from that in Example 1 only in that the amount of enzyme preparation added is 6 kg.

[0035] Comparative Example 9

[0036] A method for preparing silage from discarded sage straws is different from that in Example 1 only in that the amount of enzyme preparation added is 10 kg.

[0037] Comparative Example 10

[0038] A method for preparing silage from discarded sage straws is different from that in Example 1 only in that the amount of enzyme preparation added is 12 kg.

[0039] The following tests were performed on the silage of discarded sage straw obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-10. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

[0040] (1) pH value detection: Weigh 5 g of feed and add 50 ml of distilled water to prepare the test solution. Insert the pH meter into the test solution and gently stir the solution. After the value displayed by the pH meter stabilizes, read and record the pH value of the solution.

[0041] (2) Lactic acid content detection: First, crush and grind the feed sample evenly, weigh 5g of the sample, add an appropriate amount of distilled water, and extract by shaking at room temperature for 60 minutes to allow the lactic acid to fully dissolve in the extract. Then centrifuge the extract and use the colorimetric method to quantitatively analyze the lactic acid content in the supernatant.

[0042] (3) Ammonia nitrogen content detection: Weigh 5g of feed sample, add an appropriate amount of 2mol / L KCl solution, shake and extract for 1 hour, filter and take a certain amount of filtrate into a 50mL volumetric flask, add phenol solution and sodium hypochlorite alkaline solution in sequence, shake well and place at room temperature for 1 hour, then add masking agent to make up to the scale. After 2 hours, use a 1cm colorimetric cell to perform colorimetry at a wavelength of 625nm, read the absorbance, and calculate the ammonia nitrogen content according to the standard curve.

[0043] (4) Crude fat content detection: First, dry and grind the silage sample, accurately weigh a certain amount of the sample, put it into a Soxhlet extractor, add anhydrous ether or petroleum ether and other organic solvents, heat and reflux for a certain period of time to allow the fat to fully dissolve in the organic solvent. After the extraction is completed, evaporate or dry the extract, weigh the weight of the remaining material, which is the weight of the crude fat, and then calculate the crude fat content.

[0044] (5) Crude protein content detection: Weigh an appropriate amount of silage sample, put it into a Kjeldahl flask, add concentrated sulfuric acid and a catalyst, and heat to digest, so that the organic nitrogen in the sample is converted into ammonium sulfate. After digestion is completed, the digestion liquid is fixed to volume, and a certain amount of digestion liquid is taken for distillation. The distilled ammonia is absorbed by boric acid solution, and then titrated with standard hydrochloric acid solution. The nitrogen content in the sample is calculated based on the consumption of hydrochloric acid, and then the crude protein content is obtained.

[0045] (6) Sensory evaluation: Evaluate the color, smell and texture of the feed. The color evaluation method is: observe the color of the feed under natural light. If it is yellow-green, it is good. If the color is too dark or too light, it may indicate incomplete fermentation or other problems. The smell evaluation method is: feel the smell of the silage through the sense of smell. If it is strong and pure sour fragrance, it is good. If there is a pungent, rancid or other odor, it indicates that the feed quality is poor. The texture evaluation method is: touch the silage with your hands and feel its texture. If it is soft, loose and has no obvious fiber feeling, it is good. If the texture is too hard or too soft, it does not meet the requirements.

[0046] Table 1: Evaluation table of the first performance of silage

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Table 2: Second performance evaluation table of silage

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Combining Table 1 and Table 2, we can draw the following conclusions:

[0053] (1) After fermentation, the pH value of the feed was tested. The results showed that when the lactic acid bacteria preparation was added at 8L / ton, the pH value was 4.0-4.2; when the addition amount was 7L / ton, the pH value was about 4.3; when the addition amount was 6L / ton, the pH value was about 4.5; when the addition amount was 0L / ton, the pH value was about 4.8; when the addition amount was 9L / ton, the pH value was about 3.9; when the addition amount was 10L / ton, the pH value was about 3.8. It can be seen that the addition amount of 8L / ton can make the feed reach a suitable acidic environment. If it is too low, the acidity is insufficient, and if it is too high, the acidity is too strong, which may affect the palatability of the feed and the gastrointestinal health of the animal.

[0054] (2) After testing, when the addition amount of lactic acid bacteria preparation is 8L / ton, the lactic acid content is 5.2-5.6%; when the addition amount is 7L / ton, the lactic acid content is about 3.6%; when the addition amount is 6L / ton, the lactic acid content is about 2.9%; when the addition amount is 0L / ton, the lactic acid content is about 0.6%; when the addition amount is 9L / ton, the lactic acid content is about 6.3%; when the addition amount is 10L / ton, the lactic acid content is about 7.6%; it can be seen that the addition amount of 8L / ton can make the lactic acid content reach a relatively ideal range, which can not only ensure the quality and shelf life of the feed, but also provide an appropriate amount of organic acid to promote animal digestion and absorption.

[0055] (3) When the addition amount of lactic acid bacteria preparation is 8L / ton, the ammonia nitrogen content is 8.5-10.0%; when the addition amount is 7L / ton, the ammonia nitrogen content is about 10.3%; when the addition amount is 6L / ton, the ammonia nitrogen content is about 12.8%; when the addition amount is 0L / ton, the ammonia nitrogen content is about 17.3%; when the addition amount is 9L / ton, the ammonia nitrogen content is about 7.2%; when the addition amount is 10L / ton, the ammonia nitrogen content is about 6.5%; it can be seen that the addition amount of 8L / ton can effectively inhibit the decomposition of protein, reduce the production of ammonia nitrogen, and better preserve the nutritional components of feed.

[0056] (4) With the increase of enzyme preparation addition, the nutritional content in the feed has a certain improvement, the crude fat content increased from 0.5% to 16.8%, and the crude fat content increased from 0.2% to 11.3%. Although the higher the addition amount, the more obvious the improvement in nutritional content, considering the cost and effect, adding 8 kg of enzyme preparation per ton of raw materials can not only significantly improve the nutritional content, but also have good economic efficiency.

[0057] (5) When the amount of lactic acid bacteria preparation added is 0-6L / ton, the feed is darker in color, has a slight sour smell, and is slightly hard in texture; when the amount added is 8L / ton, the feed is yellow-green, bright in color, has a strong sour aroma, and is soft and loose in texture; when the amount added is 9-10L / ton, although the color and texture are also good, the sour aroma is too strong, which may affect the animals' willingness to eat. When the amount of enzyme preparation added is 0Kg / ton, the feed texture is hard, has a noticeable fiber feel, and has a poor taste; when the amount added is 4Kg / ton, the texture is improved and the fiber feel is weakened; when the amount added is 6-8Kg / ton, the texture is soft and loose, has no obvious fiber feel, and has a good taste; when the amount added is 10-12Kg / ton, the texture is too soft and rotten, which may affect the storage and feeding convenience of the feed.

[0058] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing silage from discarded sage straw, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: chopping the dried clary sage waste straw into pieces of 2-3 cm in length, and uniformly mixing the pieces with other straw fragments to obtain straw material; uniformly mixing a lactic acid bacteria preparation, an enzyme preparation and the straw material to obtain a fermentation material; and loading the fermentation material into a silage fermentation tank for compacting, sealing and fermentation treatment to obtain clary sage waste straw silage feed.

2. The method for preparing the silage of waste stalks of Clary Sage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the dried clary sage waste straw is 60-70%.

3. The method for preparing the silage of waste stalks of Clary Sage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other straw fragments include at least one of wild hay fragments and wheat straw fragments, and the content thereof does not exceed 50%.

4. The method for preparing the silage of waste stalks of Clary Sage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lactic acid bacteria preparation is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, and the number of viable bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum is (1-5)×10 7 CFU / mL, the number of viable Lactobacillus acidophilus is (1-5)×10 7 CFU / mL.

5. The method for preparing the silage of waste sage straw according to claim 4, characterized in that: Add 7-8L of lactic acid bacteria preparation to every ton of straw.

6. The method for preparing the silage of waste sage straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase and hemicellulase in a volume ratio of 2:

1. The enzymatic activity of cellulase is (1-2)×10 4 IU / g, the enzymatic activity of hemicellulase is (1-3)×10 4 IU / g.

7. The method for preparing the silage of waste sage straw according to claim 6, characterized in that: Add 6-8 kg of enzyme preparation to every ton of straw.

8. The method for preparing the silage of waste sage straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compaction degree of fermentation material is 650-700Kg / m 3 .

9. The method for preparing the silage of waste sage straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature is controlled at 20-30°C and the fermentation time lasts for 45-50 days.

10. A kind of silage of discarded sage straw, characterized in that: Prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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