A green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums and its application method

Abstract

The invention relates to a green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums and an application method thereof. The package fertilizer comprises autumn basal fertilizer, bud fertilizer and fruit-strengthening fertilizer. The autumn basal fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 390-480 parts of urea, 100-190 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 190-280 parts of potassium sulfate, 45-85 parts of calcium formate, 50-90 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 1-5 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of alginic acid, 5-15 parts of anti-caking agent and 5-20 parts of filler. The invention can effectively solve the problems of insufficient storage nutrient accumulation of plums, poor flowering quality, low fruit setting rate, leggy new shoots and contradiction between shoots and fruits caused by failure to consider the nutrient demand characteristics of plums, uncoordinated nutrient input ratio and insufficient input of trace elements in existing fertilizer products. Meanwhile, the green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums can also effectively reduce physiological problems such as fruit cracking and gum flow, thereby improving the yield, quality and commercial fruit rate of plums, and achieving the purpose of high yield and high quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Plum is a perennial deciduous tree species of the genus Prunus in the Rosaceae family. It is an important drupe fruit tree in the world and is widely distributed in China. It is cultivated from Guangdong in the south to Jilin in the north. Plum is rich in various biologically active ingredients and has the effects of promoting digestion, increasing appetite, relieving cough and expectoration, moistening the lungs and nourishing body fluids, diuresis and swelling, and beautifying the skin. Plums usually grow in hillside shrubs at an altitude of 400-2600 meters, in valley sparse forests, or by the water, at the bottom of the ditch, and on the roadside. Plums have strong adaptability to the environment, are cold-resistant and heat-resistant, and require sufficient light conditions for growth; they have weak resistance to wind and are not strict with soil requirements. They are suitable for planting in places with loose, breathable, well-drained soil, deep soil layers, and low groundwater levels. According to FAO statistics, in 2020, the global plum harvest area was 2,637,316 hm2, of which my country's plum harvest area was 1,945,461 hm2, accounting for 73.8%; the global plum production was 12.225 million tons, of which my country's plum production was 6.4757 million tons, accounting for 53.0%, ranking first in the world in terms of area and output. In 2020, my country's orchard area was 12.646 million hm2, and the total fruit production was 286.924 million tons. The plum cultivation area accounted for 15.4%, and the output accounted for 2.3%. Although my country's plum cultivation area and output rank first in the world, the output per unit area is much lower than that of other countries.

[0003] For many years, plum cultivation and management were extensive and sporadic, and they were called small miscellaneous fruits. Plums have always been in a secondary position in the fruit industry, and their important role in adjusting the structure of the fruit industry, promoting farmers' income and rural economic development, and meeting consumers' demand for diversified fruits has not received due attention. The research and practice of plum cultivation technology, planting management, etc. are far behind other major fruit tree species, resulting in low unit yield and poor quality of plums.

[0004] The following serious problems are common in the fertilization process of plum production: (1) Excessive fertilization, excessive nitrogen fertilizer input, resulting in vigorous growth of new shoots and serious contradiction between shoots and fruits; (2) The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients applied in each period is unreasonable, and reasonable fertilization is not carried out according to the nutrient demand law of plums in each growth period; (3) The fertilizer form is unreasonable, especially the nitrogen fertilizer form is unreasonable, resulting in serious losses; (4) The fertilizer input variety is single, the deficiency of medium and trace elements is prominent, and there is no shortage of deficiencies; (5) The management is extensive, the application of base fertilizer is not emphasized, and insufficient attention is paid to the storage nutrition of plum trees; (6) Aging and labor shortage have led to a significant increase in the proportion of one-time fertilization and fertilizer broadcasting, but the fertilizer type is inconsistent with the fertilization method, resulting in large losses and low utilization rate. Optimized fertilization based on plum target yield and annual nutrient distribution can reduce fertilizer use compared with farmers' habitual fertilization, but in my country's southern plum production areas, the rainy and hot seasons are in the same season, and the rainfall is high, which still causes nutrient losses. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to design green and efficient special fertilizers for plums based on the climate characteristics of plum producing areas in the south, the soil big data of plum producing areas in the south, and the nutrient demand patterns of plums for high yield and high quality, especially fertilizers that are easy to apply and have high utilization rates, to promote green and high-quality production in the southern plum producing areas.

[0005] However, there is currently a lack of special package fertilizers on the market that are suitable for the hot and rainy southern regions, can supply nutrients to the soil in plum orchards, effectively provide the annual nutrient needs of plums and supplement trace elements, and meet the green and efficient needs of plums.

[0006] Defects and shortcomings of the existing technology:

[0007] 1. Existing technologies and products do not take into account the nutrient requirements for high-yield and high-quality plums, and have poor specificity;

[0008] 2. Existing technologies and products do not take into account the climatic conditions, site conditions (mainly mountainous areas), and soil nutrient supply characteristics of plum planting, which can easily lead to nutrient loss and unbalanced fertilization;

[0009] 3. Existing technologies and products do not consider the nutrient ratios that can maximize the biological potential of nutrient absorption by plum roots, especially nitrogen compatibility;

[0010] 4. Existing technologies and products do not take into account the occurrence of pests and diseases such as fruit cracking and gummosis that have a serious impact on the quality of plums;

[0011] 5. Existing technologies and products do not take into account the key role of storage nutrients in the growth and development of plum trees.

[0012] Therefore, we propose a green and efficient special package fertilizer for plum and an application method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0013] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, meet the actual needs, and provide a green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums and an application method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the current existing technologies and products do not take into account the nutrient demand law of plums for high yield and high quality, and have poor speciality; the existing technologies and products do not take into account the climatic conditions, site conditions (mainly mountains), and soil nutrient supply characteristics of plum planting, which easily lead to nutrient loss and unbalanced fertilization; the existing technologies and products do not take into account the nutrient ratio for exerting the biological potential of nutrient absorption by the plum root system, especially the nitrogen compatibility; the existing technologies and products do not take into account the occurrence of diseases and insect pests such as fruit cracking and gummosis that have a serious impact on the quality of plums; the existing technologies and products do not take into account the technical problems of the key role of stored nutrition in the growth and development of plum trees.

[0014] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: designing a green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums and an application method thereof, comprising autumn base fertilizer, bud fertilizer and fruit-strengthening fertilizer, wherein the autumn base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 390-480 parts of urea, 100-190 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 190-280 parts of potassium sulfate, 45-85 parts of calcium formate, 50-90 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 1-5 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of alginic acid, 5-15 parts of anti-caking agent and 5-20 parts of filler;

[0015] The germination fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 220-310 parts of urea, 440-530 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-60 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium phosphite, 40-90 parts of calcium formate, 1-5 parts of borax, 1-5 parts of chelated zinc, 40-80 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 5-15 parts of chelated iron, 1-3 parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, 5-10 parts of anti-caking agent and 5-20 parts of filler;

[0016] The raw material composition of the fruit-enhancing fertilizer is the same as that of the budding fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, the autumn base fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 437 parts of urea, 165 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 231 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 72 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 2 parts of borax, 5 parts of alginate, 10 parts of anti-caking agent and 13 parts of filler.

[0018] Preferably, the germination fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 266 parts of urea, 43 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 22 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 23 parts of potassium phosphite, 487 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 2 parts of borax, 61 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 7 parts of chelated iron, 3 parts of chelated zinc, 1 part of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, 7 parts of anti-caking agent and 13 parts of filler.

[0019] Preferably, the raw material composition of the fruit-enhancing fertilizer is the same as that of the budding fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, the anti-caking agent is imported sulfonate.

[0021] Preferably, the filler is bentonite.

[0022] Preferably, the chelated zinc is EDTA-Zn.

[0023] Preferably, the chelated iron is EDDHA-Fe.

[0024] A method for applying the green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. Apply autumn basal fertilizer: Apply autumn basal fertilizer as early as possible during the storage and nutrient accumulation period of plums, with an application amount of 0.6-1.0 kg / plant;

[0026] S2. Applying bud fertilizer: Applying the bud fertilizer during the bud germination period of the plum tree, with an application amount of 0.2-0.5 kg / plant;

[0027] S3. Applying fruit-strengthening fertilizer: Apply the fruit-strengthening fertilizer at the end of the plum hard-core period, with an application amount of 0.2-0.4 kg / plant.

[0028] Preferably, autumn base fertilizer is applied by furrow application, hole application or strip application; budding fertilizer and fruit-strengthening fertilizer are applied by broadcasting or flushing.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention provides a special package fertilizer suitable for increasing the yield and improving the quality of plums in southern China according to the five major laws of plum nutrition. The package fertilizer conforms to the nutrient demand law of plums in different growth stages, and the nutrient elements in different raw materials cooperate with each other to achieve synergistic effect.

[0031] 2. The application method of the green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums provided by the present invention is to apply the above-mentioned autumn base fertilizer, bud fertilizer and fruit-strengthening fertilizer in different growth stages of plums. This application method can meet the needs of plums for nutritional elements in different growth stages, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the quality of plums and increasing the yield of plums.

[0032] 3. The present invention uses urea as the main nitrogen source, which can prevent excessive application of quick-acting nitrogen from causing vigorous growth of new shoots on the one hand, and can provide a long-term and stable nitrogen supply on the other hand.

[0033] 4. The present invention can promote root development and nutrient absorption by providing alginic acid in the package fertilizer, improve soil, and enhance the resistance of plums to stress, diseases and insect pests.

[0034] 5. The present invention can control the vigorous growth of new shoots and reduce the contradiction between shoots and fruits by providing potassium phosphite in the package fertilizer; at the same time, it has the function of sterilization and inhibition of bacteria, and reduces the occurrence of diseases such as gummosis.

[0035] 6. The present invention provides potassium phosphite and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the package fertilizer, which combine the fast and slow effects, thereby reducing the amount of phosphate fertilizer and improving the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.

[0036] 7. The present invention provides calcium formate in the package fertilizer as an organic calcium fertilizer with good stability and compatibility, and can coexist with major nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer without affecting the absorption and utilization of each other. It will not react with phosphate ions in the compound fertilizer to generate insoluble calcium phosphate precipitation like some inorganic calcium sources, thereby avoiding the loss of calcium elements and the reduction of fertilizer efficiency.

[0037] 8. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist provided by the present invention can reduce nitrogen fertilizer loss, improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and extend the effective period of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0038] 9. The ammonium polyphosphate provided by the present invention can have a significant chelating effect on metal ions and can improve fertilizer efficiency.

[0039] 10. The present invention can supplement the demand for medium and trace elements for tree growth and development by providing medium and trace elements, and reduce the occurrence of plum fruit cracking and gummosis.

[0040] 11. The raw materials provided by the present invention are all selected from raw materials with good water solubility, which can promote better absorption and utilization of fertilizers on the one hand, and provide convenience for irrigation of plums in water-deficient areas on the other hand. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the application method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0043] The weight parts mentioned in the present invention can be μg, mg, g, kg and other weight units known in the art, or multiples thereof, such as 1 / 10, 1 / 100, 10 times, 100 times and the like.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] The green and efficient special fertilizer package for plums provided in this embodiment includes: autumn base fertilizer, bud fertilizer and fruit fertilizer;

[0046] The autumn base fertilizer contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 437 parts of urea, 165 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 231 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 72 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 2 parts of borax, 5 parts of alginic acid, 10 parts of anti-caking agent and 13 parts of filler.

[0047] The bud fertilizer contains a mixture of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 266 parts of urea, 43 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 22 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 23 parts of potassium phosphite, 487 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 2 parts of borax, 61 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 7 parts of chelated iron, 3 parts of chelated zinc, 1 part of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, 7 parts of anti-caking agent and 13 parts of filler.

[0048] The raw material composition of fruit-enhancing fertilizer is the same as that of bud fertilizer.

[0049] Embodiment 2

[0050] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:

[0051] The autumn base fertilizer contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 437 parts of urea, 165 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 231 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 72 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 2 parts of borax, 5 parts of alginic acid, 10 parts of anti-caking agent and 13 parts of filler.

[0052] The bud fertilizer contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 266 parts of urea, 43 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 22 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 487 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 2 parts of borax, 61 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 7 parts of chelated iron, 3 parts of chelated zinc, 1 part of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, 7 parts of anti-caking agent and 36 parts of filler.

[0053] The raw material composition of fruit-enhancing fertilizer is the same as that of bud fertilizer.

[0054] Embodiment 3

[0055] The autumn base fertilizer contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 437 parts of urea, 165 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 231 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 5 parts of alginic acid, 10 parts of anti-caking agent and 87 parts of filler.

[0056] The bud fertilizer contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 266 parts of urea, 43 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 22 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 23 parts of potassium phosphite, 487 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 7 parts of chelated iron, 3 parts of chelated zinc, 1 part of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, 7 parts of anti-caking agent and 76 parts of filler.

[0057] The raw material composition of fruit-enhancing fertilizer is the same as that of bud fertilizer.

[0058] Embodiment 4

[0059] The autumn base fertilizer contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 437 parts of urea, 165 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 231 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 72 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 2 parts of borax, 5 parts of alginic acid, 10 parts of anti-caking agent and 13 parts of filler.

[0060] The bud fertilizer contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 266 parts of urea, 43 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 22 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 23 parts of potassium phosphite, 487 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 2 parts of borax, 61 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 1 part of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, 7 parts of anti-caking agent and 23 parts of filler.

[0061] The raw material composition of fruit-enhancing fertilizer is the same as that of bud fertilizer.

[0062] Experimental Example 1

[0063] Application effect of green and efficient special package fertilizer for plum in plum planting

[0064] 1. Purpose of the experiment: To verify the effect of green and efficient special fertilizer package for plums on the yield and quality of plums.

[0065] 2. Test subjects and varieties: The plum trees are all 8 years old and the variety is Yinhong plum

[0066] 3. Test location: Huoyan Village, Pingshan County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province

[0067] 4. Experimental design

[0068] Plum trees with basically the same growth were selected for the experiment. The experiment was set up with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Each treatment had 15 trees, a total of 90 trees, and they were arranged in random blocks. The experimental treatments are as follows:

[0069] (1) Experimental group

[0070] The package fertilizer provided in Examples 1 to 4 is applied according to the fertilization method of the invention, wherein the fertilization method is as follows:

[0071] For the set fertilizer provided in Example 1, the autumn basal fertilizer is applied as early as possible during the storage and nutrient accumulation period of plums, and 0.7kg / plant is applied; the bud fertilizer is applied before the budding period of plum trees, and 0.3kg / plant is applied; the fruit-strengthening fertilizer is applied at the end of the hard-core period of plums, and 0.4kg / plant is applied. For the set fertilizer provided in Example 2, the autumn basal fertilizer is applied as early as possible during the storage and nutrient accumulation period of plums, and 0.7kg / plant is applied; the bud fertilizer is applied before the budding period of plum trees, and 0.3kg / plant is applied; the fruit-strengthening fertilizer is applied at the end of the hard-core period of plums, and 0.4kg / plant is applied. For the set fertilizer provided in Example 3, the autumn basal fertilizer is applied as early as possible during the storage and nutrient accumulation period of plums, and 0.7kg / plant is applied; the bud fertilizer is applied before the budding period of plum trees, and 0.3kg / plant is applied; the fruit-strengthening fertilizer is applied at the end of the hard-core period of plums, and 0.4kg / plant is applied. For the package fertilizer provided in Example 4, the autumn base fertilizer is applied as early as possible during the storage nutrient accumulation period of plums, with an application rate of 0.7 kg / plant; the bud fertilizer is applied before the budding period of plum trees, with an application rate of 0.3 kg / plant; and the fruit-strengthening fertilizer is applied at the end of the plum hard core period, with an application rate of 0.4 kg / plant.

[0072] (2) Control group

[0073] The fertilizer used is a commercial product that farmers use for regular fertilization. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the formula of this commercial product is 15-15-15. The fertilization method is the conventional fertilization method.

[0074] 5. Experimental Implementation

[0075] Field management and other factors were the same during the experiment. According to national and industry standards, the yield, single fruit weight, average number of fruits, soluble solids, total sugar content, titratable acid content, Vc content and other indicators were measured. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

[0076] Table 1: Plum production table

[0077]

[0078] Table 2: Nutritional composition of plums

[0079]

[0080] It can be seen from the above test results that, compared with the control group, the average number of fruits, average single fruit weight, per mu yield, total sugar content, soluble solid content, and vitamin C content of the package fertilizer provided in Examples 1 to 4 were significantly increased compared with the control group, and the titratable acid content was reduced compared with the control group. The test results show that the green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums and the application method thereof provided by the present invention can significantly improve the yield and quality of plums.

[0081] In addition, the components designed in the present invention are all universal standard parts or components known to technical personnel in this field. Their structures and principles can be known to technical personnel through technical manuals or through conventional experimental methods. They can be fully implemented by technical personnel in this field. Needless to say, the content protected by the present invention does not involve improvements to internal structures and methods.

[0082] The embodiments of the present invention disclose preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. A person skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and changes. However, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums, characterized in that: It comprises autumn basal fertilizer, bud fertilizer and fruit-strengthening fertilizer, wherein the autumn basal fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 390-480 parts of urea, 100-190 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 190-280 parts of potassium sulfate, 45-85 parts of calcium formate, 50-90 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 1-5 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of alginic acid, 5-15 parts of anti-caking agent and 5-20 parts of filler; The germination fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 220-310 parts of urea, 440-530 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-60 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium phosphite, 40-90 parts of calcium formate, 1-5 parts of borax, 1-5 parts of chelated zinc, 40-80 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 5-15 parts of chelated iron, 1-3 parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, 5-10 parts of anti-caking agent and 5-20 parts of filler; The raw material composition of the fruit-enhancing fertilizer is the same as that of the budding fertilizer.

2. The green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The autumn base fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 437 parts of urea, 165 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 231 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 72 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 2 parts of borax, 5 parts of alginic acid, 10 parts of anti-caking agent and 13 parts of filler.

3. The green and efficient special package fertilizer for plum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The germination fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 266 parts of urea, 43 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 22 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 23 parts of potassium phosphite, 487 parts of potassium sulfate, 65 parts of calcium formate, 2 parts of borax, 61 parts of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 7 parts of chelated iron, 3 parts of chelated zinc, 1 part of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, 7 parts of anti-caking agent and 13 parts of filler.

4. The green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The raw material composition of the fruit-enhancing fertilizer is the same as that of the budding fertilizer.

5. The green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-caking agent is imported sulfonate.

6. The green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filler is bentonite.

7. The green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The chelated zinc is EDTA-Zn.

8. The green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The chelated iron is EDDHA-Fe.

9. A method for applying the green and efficient special package fertilizer for plums as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Apply autumn basal fertilizer: Apply autumn basal fertilizer as early as possible during the storage and nutrient accumulation period of plums, with an application amount of 0.6-1.0 kg / plant; S2. Applying bud fertilizer: Applying the bud fertilizer during the bud germination period of the plum tree, with an application amount of 0.2-0.5 kg / plant; S3. Applying fruit-strengthening fertilizer: Apply the fruit-strengthening fertilizer at the end of the plum hard-core period, with an application amount of 0.2-0.4 kg / plant.

10. The application method according to claim 9, characterized in that autumn base fertilizer is applied by furrow application, hole application or strip application; budding fertilizer and fruit-strengthening fertilizer are applied by broadcasting or flushing.

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