Special package fertilizer for highland barley as well as preparation method and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a special package fertilizer for highland barley as well as a preparation method and an application method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The special set meal fertilizer for highland barley can increase the crop yield, and meanwhile, soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction are achieved. On one hand, the carbon-based organic fertilizer is prepared by matching a local organic fertilizer source with biological carbon, and the carbon sequestration amount of soil is increased through multi-source recarburization; on the other hand, by optimizing the chemical fertilizer dosage, the nitrogen fertilizer type, medium and micro element fertilizer synergy, nutrient synergy and the like, the special fertilizer combination more suitable for highland barley planting is developed, nutrient absorption of highland barley can be promoted, the highland barley yield is remarkably increased, and the relative benefits of highland barley planting are effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a special package fertilizer for highland barley and a preparation method and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Climate change has become a serious problem that has attracted global attention. Observational data show that the global average temperature is continuing to rise, glaciers are melting faster, sea levels are rising, and extreme weather events such as rainstorms, droughts, and hurricanes are becoming more frequent and more intense. The root causes of these changes are largely closely related to human activities, among which greenhouse gas emissions are the first to bear the brunt. A large amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are emitted into the atmosphere, forming a "quilt-like" covering layer on the surface of the earth, constantly intercepting heat and breaking the original heat balance of the earth. In the long run, it will not only undermine the stability of the ecosystem and threaten the survival of many species, but will also seriously affect human production and life, triggering a series of crises such as food production reduction and disease transmission.

[0003] Qinghai Province is located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and its main food crops include highland barley. However, due to the high altitude, low accumulated temperature, and lack of scientific fertilization, it is difficult to increase highland barley yields, fertilizer utilization is low, and agriculture faces great pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, obtaining a packaged fertilizer for highland barley that takes into account crop yield, soil carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas emission reduction has significant economic, social, and ecological benefits. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special highland barley fertilizer package and a preparation method and an application method thereof. The special highland barley fertilizer package of the present invention can achieve soil carbon fixation and greenhouse gas emission reduction while increasing crop yield.

[0005] The invention provides a special package fertilizer for highland barley, which is composed of carbon-based organic fertilizer and special fertilizer;

[0006] The carbon-based organic fertilizer comprises biochar, microbial agent, organic main material and auxiliary material I;

[0007] The special fertilizer comprises macro-element fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and auxiliary material II.

[0008] Preferably, the biochar comprises acidic biochar and / or neutral biochar;

[0009] The agricultural waste includes straw and / or fungus residue;

[0010] The straw includes rape straw and / or highland barley straw;

[0011] The auxiliary material I comprises superphosphate.

[0012] Preferably, the microbial agent comprises a composite microbial agent;

[0013] The composite microbial agent includes low-temperature fermentation bacteria and / or high-temperature fermentation bacteria.

[0014] Preferably, the macronutrients in the macronutrient fertilizer include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;

[0015] The zinc fertilizer includes zinc sulfate heptahydrate; the boron fertilizer includes borax;

[0016] The auxiliary material II includes nitrogen fertilizer synergist and / or filler calcium powder.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the carbon-based organic fertilizer described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Mixing the biochar, the microbial agent, the organic main material and the auxiliary material I to obtain a mixture to be fermented;

[0019] adjusting the water content of the mixture to be fermented to carry out fermentation to obtain fermented organic fertilizer;

[0020] The fermented organic fertilizer and biochar are mixed to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.

[0021] Preferably, the fermentation is aerobic fermentation; and the fermentation period is 20 to 50 days.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the special fertilizer described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0023] The macronutrient fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and auxiliary material II are mixed and granulated to obtain the special fertilizer.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for applying the highland barley special package fertilizer described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Apply carbon-based organic fertilizers before sowing and / or after harvesting autumn crops; apply special fertilizers during sowing.

[0026] Preferably, the application amount of the carbon-based organic fertilizer is 100-300 kg / mu;

[0027] The application amount of the special fertilizer is 20 to 35 kg / mu.

[0028] Preferably, the carbon-based organic fertilizer is applied by rotary tillage and land preparation;

[0029] The special fertilizer is applied by sowing seeds and fertilizers together.

[0030] The present invention provides a special package fertilizer for highland barley. The special package fertilizer for highland barley of the present invention can achieve soil carbon fixation and greenhouse gas emission reduction while increasing crop yield. On the one hand, the present invention uses local organic fertilizer sources and biochar to prepare carbon-based organic fertilizers, and increases soil carbon fixation through multi-source carbon increase; on the other hand, the present invention optimizes the amount of chemical fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer types, medium and micro fertilizer synergy and nutrient efficiency, and develops a special fertilizer combination that is more suitable for highland barley planting, which can promote highland barley to absorb nutrients, significantly increase highland barley production, and effectively increase the relative benefits of planting highland barley. Finally, through the combined application of carbon-based organic fertilizers and special fertilizers, the effects of carbon fixation, emission reduction, fertilizer saving and production increase are achieved. Compared with conventional organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, the special package fertilizer for highland barley of the present invention can increase soil organic carbon by more than 5%, reduce greenhouse gas emissions (N2O) by more than 20%, and increase highland barley production by more than 8%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 A comparison chart of N2O cumulative emissions from four treatment groups treated according to the fertilization scheme of Application Example 1 provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the N2O cumulative emissions of the three treatment groups treated according to the fertilization scheme of Application Example 2 provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The invention provides a special package fertilizer for highland barley, which consists of a carbon-based organic fertilizer and a special fertilizer; the carbon-based organic fertilizer comprises biochar, a microbial agent, an organic main material and an auxiliary material I; the special fertilizer comprises a large amount of element fertilizer, a boron fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer and an auxiliary material II.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the biochar includes acidic biochar and / or neutral biochar; the organic main material includes livestock and poultry manure and / or agricultural waste; the agricultural waste includes straw and / or fungus residue; the straw includes rape straw and / or highland barley straw; the auxiliary material I includes superphosphate. In a specific embodiment, when the soil is alkaline, the biochar in the carbon-based organic fertilizer is preferably acidic biochar. In a specific embodiment, the livestock and poultry manure includes cow dung and / or sheep dung, and further cow dung. In a specific embodiment, when the carbon-based organic fertilizer includes livestock and poultry manure, agricultural waste, superphosphate and biochar, the mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure, agricultural waste, superphosphate and biochar can be 750-850kg: 150-250kg: 10-15kg: 15-20kg. In a specific embodiment, the amounts of livestock and poultry manure, agricultural waste, superphosphate and biochar can be adjusted so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the resulting mixed material is 20:1 to 40:1.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the microbial agent includes a composite microbial agent; the composite microbial agent includes low temperature fermentation bacteria and / or high temperature fermentation bacteria. In a specific embodiment, when the ambient temperature is low, low temperature fermentation bacteria and high temperature fermentation bacteria can be used as a composite microbial agent for composting fermentation.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the macronutrient fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the zinc fertilizer includes zinc sulfate heptahydrate; the boron fertilizer includes borax; the auxiliary material II includes a nitrogen fertilizer synergist and / or a filler calcium powder. In a specific embodiment, the macronutrient fertilizer may be a unit fertilizer and / or a multi-component compound fertilizer. In a specific embodiment, the macronutrient fertilizer may include one or more of urea, humic acid urea, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the urea is preferably humic acid urea. In a specific embodiment, the humic acid urea can promote root activity and improve nitrogen efficiency. In a specific embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist includes a nitrification inhibitor. In a specific embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist can delay the nitrogen conversion time and prolong the fertilizer effect, so that the special fertilizer can meet the one-time fertilization without fertilizer loss. In a specific embodiment, the use of boron fertilizer in the special fertilizer can increase the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight of highland barley. In a specific embodiment, the use of zinc fertilizer in the special fertilizer can increase the chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of highland barley leaves, promote the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in various growth periods of highland barley, and promote the absorption of a large number of elements, which plays a role in increasing production. In a specific embodiment, the dosage of each component of the special fertilizer can be calculated according to the target yield and the crop nutrient absorption; it can also be calculated according to the target yield demand and soil supply.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the carbon-based organic fertilizer described in the above technical scheme, comprising the following steps: mixing biochar, microbial inoculants, an organic main material and an auxiliary material I to obtain a mixture to be fermented; adjusting the water content of the mixture to be fermented for fermentation to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer; mixing the fermented organic fertilizer and biochar to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.

[0040] The present invention mixes biochar, microbial agents, organic main materials and auxiliary materials I to obtain a mixture to be fermented. In a specific embodiment, the biochar includes acidic biochar and / or neutral biochar; the organic main materials include livestock and poultry manure and / or agricultural waste; the agricultural waste includes straw, rapeseed, barley and / or fungus residue; the auxiliary material I includes superphosphate. In a specific embodiment, when the carbon-based organic fertilizer includes livestock and poultry manure, agricultural waste, superphosphate and biochar, the mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure, agricultural waste, superphosphate and biochar can be 750-850kg: 150-250kg: 10-15kg: 15-20kg. In a specific embodiment, the amount of livestock and poultry manure, agricultural waste, superphosphate and biochar can be adjusted so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the obtained mixed material is 20:1-40:1. In a specific embodiment, the amount of the microbial agent can be 4-6‰ of the weight of the fermentation raw material.

[0041] After obtaining the mixture to be fermented, the present invention adjusts the water content of the mixture to be fermented for fermentation to obtain fermented organic fertilizer. In a specific embodiment, the water content of the mixture to be fermented can be 45% to 65%.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the fermentation is aerobic fermentation; the fermentation cycle is 20 to 50 days. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the fermented pile can be 1.0 to 1.2 meters. In a specific embodiment, the fermentation process can ensure the oxygen requirement of fermentation by turning the pile. In a specific embodiment, the turning operation can be completed mechanically or manually. In a specific embodiment, the temperature of the material in the high-temperature stage of fermentation is 60°C to 70°C. In a specific embodiment, when the pile temperature exceeds 65°C, a turning operation or forced ventilation should be performed. In a specific embodiment, the fermentation temperature is maintained at above 55°C for more than 15 days or above 60°C for more than 5 days during the fermentation process. In a specific embodiment, the suitable moisture content in the fermentation process is not 50% to 60%. In a specific embodiment, when the material is mature, it is sampled and inspected after aging and stacking for 14 to 30 days. In a specific embodiment, the organic matter, moisture, E. coli count, ascaris eggs, germination rate and heavy metal indicators of the mature material after sampling and inspection need to meet the agricultural standard NY3442-2019. In a specific embodiment, when the test results of the mature material meet the agricultural standard NY3442-2019, the fermented organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0043] After obtaining the fermented organic fertilizer, the present invention mixes the fermented organic fertilizer with biochar to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer. In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the fermented organic fertilizer to the biochar added again can be 4 to 5:1 (fermented organic fertilizer: biochar), and further 5:1 (fermented organic fertilizer: biochar).

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the preparation of the special fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing a large amount of element fertilizer, a boron fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer and an auxiliary material II and then granulating the mixture to obtain the special fertilizer.

[0045] The present invention also provides a method for applying the highland barley special package fertilizer described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: applying carbon-based organic fertilizer before sowing and / or after harvesting autumn crops; and applying special fertilizer during sowing.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the application amount of the carbon-based organic fertilizer is 100-300 kg / mu; the application amount of the special fertilizer is 20-35 kg / mu. In a specific embodiment, it is characterized in that the carbon-based organic fertilizer is applied by rotary tillage and land preparation; the special fertilizer is applied by seed and fertilizer co-sowing. In a specific embodiment, the special fertilizer is usually applied once in highland barley production, and no topdressing is applied in the later stage. If there is a phenomenon of fertilizer deficiency, topdressing is performed through foliar fertilizer.

[0047] The present invention uses local organic fertilizer sources to prepare carbon-based organic fertilizers in combination with biochar, and increases soil carbon fixation through multi-source carbon increase. In addition, the present invention also optimizes the amount of chemical fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer types, medium and micro fertilizer synergy, and nutrient efficiency, and develops a special fertilizer combination that is more suitable for highland barley planting, which can promote highland barley to absorb nutrients, significantly increase highland barley production, and effectively increase the relative benefits of planting highland barley. Finally, through the use of the package fertilizer of the present invention, the effects of carbon fixation, emission reduction, and fertilizer saving and production increase are achieved. Compared with conventional organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, the highland barley special package fertilizer of the present invention can increase soil organic carbon by more than 5%, reduce greenhouse gas emissions (N2O) by more than 20%, and increase highland barley production by more than 8%.

[0048] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a special meal fertilizer for highland barley and a preparation method and an application method thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Preparation of carbon-based organic fertilizer

[0051] The raw materials of organic fertilizer are mainly local livestock and poultry manure (cow dung or sheep dung, preferably cow dung) and straw (rapeseed, barley or fungus residue), and the auxiliary materials are superphosphate and biochar (acidic or neutral). The four types of substances are mixed according to the weight ratio of 700:300:12.5:20, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is adjusted to 28:1; fermentation agents are added. In view of the low temperature in Qinghai, in order to facilitate composting fermentation, it is recommended that the fermentation agent be a composite microbial agent with low-temperature and high-temperature bacteria (Wodifeng Company), and the addition amount is 5‰ of the weight of the above fermentation raw materials; water is added to make the water content of the mixture 60%. After the prepared materials are evenly turned over, the thickness is controlled within the range of 1.0 to 1.2m, and placed in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation. During the fermentation process, oxygen demand is guaranteed by mechanical or manual turning of the pile. During the high temperature stage, the temperature of the material in the pile should be kept between 60°C and 70°C. When the temperature of the pile exceeds 65°C, the pile should be turned or forced ventilation should be carried out. The fermentation temperature in this process should be kept above 55°C for more than 15 days or above 60°C for more than 5 days. The appropriate moisture content of the fermentation process is controlled between 50% and 60%, and the fermentation cycle is 40 days. After the material is decomposed, it is sampled and tested after aging and stacking for 20 days. When the indicators such as the number of Escherichia coli, roundworm eggs, germination rate and heavy metals of the fermented organic fertilizer meet the relevant standards, biochar is added again. The fermented organic fertilizer and biochar are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1 (fermented organic fertilizer: biochar) to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Special fertilizer preparation

[0054] First determine the fertilizer formula:

[0055] First, according to the target output (4500kg / hm 2 ) and crop nutrient absorption, the demand for N, P2O5 and K2O of highland barley are calculated to be 99.0kg, 72.0kg and 139.5kg respectively.

[0056] Second, estimate the amount of nitrogen fertilizer based on the target yield nitrogen requirement and soil nitrogen supply, 86.1kgN / hm 2 ; Determine the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer based on the soil available phosphorus test results and nutrient abundance and deficiency indicators, that is, 79.2kgP2O5 / hm 2 and 41.85kg K2O / hm 2 .

[0057] Third, spraying boron fertilizer on the leaves can increase the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight of highland barley, increasing the yield by about 5%; applying zinc fertilizer can increase the chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of highland barley leaves, promote the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in various growth periods of highland barley, and promote the absorption of a large number of elements, with a significant effect on increasing yield. The soil pH value in Qinghai is relatively high. Under high pH conditions, the effectiveness of soil boron (B) and zinc (Zn) is relatively low. The application of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can promote the growth and development of highland barley and obtain a stable yield-increasing effect. Therefore, it is advisable to add two trace elements, boron and zinc, to special fertilizers. Special fertilizers are applied as base fertilizers, and the application amount per mu is calculated as 30 kg. The contents of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) are 0.6% and 2.2% respectively.

[0058] Fourth, for the convenience of use and promotion, the total nutrient content of the special fertilizer is designed to be 40%. Therefore, in local highland barley production, fertilization is usually applied once, and no topdressing is applied in the later stage. If there is a phenomenon of fertilizer deficiency, topdressing outside the root is performed through foliar fertilizer. In view of this, it is planned to add nitrogen fertilizer synergist to the special fertilizer, and extend the fertilizer effect by delaying the nitrogen conversion time, so that the special fertilizer can meet the requirement of one-time fertilization without fertilizer deficiency. Because the temperature is low during fertilization, humic acid urea is selected as nitrogen fertilizer, which can promote root activity and improve nitrogen efficiency. The corresponding fertilizer formula analysis formula is 17-15-8-B0.6Zn2.2, and the feeding scheme is listed in Table 1. Granulation is performed after mixing to obtain the special fertilizer.

[0059] Table 1 Feeding scheme

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Application Example 1

[0063] The experiment was conducted at the Maxiu Temple Experimental Base in Xihai Town, Haiyan County, Haibei Prefecture, Qinghai Province.

[0064] Before the experiment, the soil of the test base was analyzed. Soil organic matter was detected by potassium dichromate volumetric method, soil total nitrogen was detected by concentrated sulfuric acid digestion-Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, soil available phosphorus was detected by sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetry, and soil available potassium was detected by ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry. The soil organic matter content of 0-20cm in the Maxiu Temple test base was measured to be 5.9%, the total nitrogen content was 3.2g / kg, the available phosphorus content was 25.8mg / kg and the available potassium content was 120.0mg / kg. The experiment set up 4 fertilization treatments, namely:

[0065] (1) Local practice (FP): 15 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 5 kg / mu of urea were applied;

[0066] (2) Organic fertilizer replaced 50% of chemical fertilizer (OPTM), using commercial organic fertilizer (produced by Haibei Plateau Meiguobao Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) at 300 kg / mu, diammonium phosphate at 7.5 kg / mu, and urea at 2.5 kg / mu;

[0067] (3) Carbon-based organic fertilizer replaces 50% of chemical fertilizer (OPTC): Base fertilizer carbon-based organic fertilizer 300kg / mu, diammonium phosphate 7.5kg / mu, urea 2.5kg / mu.

[0068] (4) Special fertilizer (OPTZ): Special fertilizer (17-15-8-B0.6Zn2.2) 29.4kg / mu.

[0069] The above four fertilization treatments were applied on May 19, 2023, and the soil was sown after rotary tillage; the harvest was on October 12, 2023. Except for the different fertilization, the other field management methods of the four treatments were the same.

[0070] Table 2 Comparison of highland barley yield and economic benefits under different treatments

[0071]

[0072] The yield, quality and economic benefits of highland barley under different treatments were compared, and the results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the yield of FP treatment was the lowest, and the yield of OPTM, OPTC and OPTZ treatments increased by 3.1% to 15.6% compared with FP treatment, and the latter two treatments increased yield significantly. OPTZ and OPTC treatments also significantly promoted the absorption of nutrients by highland barley, which increased by 14.4% and 11.9% respectively compared with FP treatment. In the two treatments where organic fertilizers replaced 50% of chemical fertilizers, the partial productivity of chemical fertilizers was the highest, which was significantly increased by about 1.1 times compared with FP. Compared with FP, the production input cost of applying organic fertilizers increased by 4 to 5 times, and the average relative benefit decreased by about 11%. Although the cost of carbon-based organic fertilizers was slightly higher, the benefit of OPTC was slightly increased by 3% compared with OPTM; the cost of applying special fertilizer OPTZ increased by 32%, but the relative benefit per mu increased by 304 yuan. It can be seen that under the experimental conditions, compared with the conventional method (FP), the application of special fertilizer (OPTZ) has the best effect on increasing barley production, promoting nutrient absorption and improving relative benefits; the application of carbon-based organic fertilizer (OPTC) has a certain promoting effect on barley yield, nutrient absorption, and partial productivity of chemical fertilizers, but due to the high cost of organic fertilizers, the relative benefits are slightly reduced. If the amount of carbon-based fertilizer and the replacement ratio are adjusted, it is expected to achieve increased income.

[0073] Table 3 Comparison of nutrients in highland barley soil (0-20 cm) under different treatments

[0074]

[0075] The nutrients of highland barley soil (0-20cm) under different treatments after planting were tested, and the comparative results of highland barley soil nutrients (0-20cm) under different treatments were shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, compared with FP, the available potassium content of the surface soil under OPTZ treatment increased significantly by 18.5%, and the total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents decreased by 11.1% and 15.4%, respectively; the effect on soil organic matter and pH value was not significant. The soil organic matter was the highest under OPTC treatment, which increased significantly by 10% compared with FP, and the pH decreased by 0.2 units. Under the experimental conditions, compared with agricultural practice (FP), the application of special fertilizer (OPTZ) increased the available potassium content of the soil, and the application of carbon-based organic fertilizer (OPTC) significantly increased the organic matter content of the surface soil.

[0076] Application Example 2

[0077] The experiment was conducted in Shagouliang Village, Menyuan County, Haibei Prefecture, Qinghai Province.

[0078] Before the test, the soil of the test site was analyzed. Soil organic matter was detected by potassium dichromate volumetric method, soil total nitrogen was detected by concentrated sulfuric acid digestion-Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, soil available phosphorus was detected by sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, and soil available potassium was detected by ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry. The soil organic matter content of 0-20cm in the Shagouliang Village test site was measured to be 5.5%, the total nitrogen content was 3.2g / kg, the available phosphorus content was 36.5mg / kg and the available potassium content was 141.7mg / kg. Three demonstration treatments were set up, each treatment was 2 mu, and the specific treatments were:

[0079] Demonstration 1: Local customary fertilization: diammonium phosphate 20kg / mu, urea 5kg / mu;

[0080] Demonstration 2: Technical model, applying 150kg / mu of carbon-based organic fertilizer and 23kg / mu of special fertilizer (17-15-8);

[0081] Demonstration 3: Local recommended fertilization, organic fertilizer 50kg / mu, compound fertilizer (17-13-5) 35kg / mu. Fertilization was carried out on April 24, 2024, and sowing was carried out after rotary tillage; harvesting was carried out on September 12, 2024. Except for the different fertilization, other field management methods were the same for the three treatments.

[0082] Table 4 Comparison of highland barley yield, economic benefits and soil quality under different treatments

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] The highland barley yield and economic benefits under different treatments were compared, and the comparison results are shown in Table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the fertilizer nutrient input of Demonstration 1 was the highest, and the fertilizer nutrient input of Demonstration 2 and Demonstration 3 was reduced by 39.1% and 18.9%, respectively. Although the fertilizer nutrient input of Demonstration 2 was reduced, its yield was the highest, increasing by 27.1% and 17.4% compared with Demonstration 1 and Demonstration 3, respectively; due to the application of carbon-based organic fertilizer, the total fertilizer input cost of Demonstration 2 was the highest, increasing by 194 yuan and 127.25 yuan per mu respectively compared with Demonstration 1 and Demonstration 3. Because of its significant increase in yield, the relative income was slightly higher, increasing by about 4% compared with Demonstration 1 and Demonstration 3. After the crop was harvested, the organic matter content of the topsoil of Demonstration 2 increased by 7.0% and 3.5% compared with Demonstration 1 and Demonstration 3, respectively, and the soil bulk density decreased by 7.1% and 4.6%, respectively.

[0086] Application Example 3

[0087] The test soil contains 3.1% organic matter, 1.8g / kg total nitrogen, 30.2mg / kg available phosphorus and 110.0mg / kg available potassium. Weigh 28 portions of air-dried soil into a triangular bottle, 60g each portion, adjust the water content to 60% of the field water holding capacity, and place it in a 25℃ constant temperature and humidity incubator for pre-cultivation for 3 days; 4 bottles form a group, and there are 7 groups in total. Among them, 4 groups are treated according to the 4 fertilization schemes of Application Example 1, and the other 3 groups are treated according to the 3 fertilization schemes of Application Example 2. The fertilizer dosage is calculated according to the soil and added to the bottles respectively, and the water content is adjusted to 80% of the field water holding capacity. Place it in a 25℃ constant temperature and humidity incubator for cultivation. During the cultivation period, water is supplemented by weighing every 2 days. Gas samples are collected on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th days of cultivation. Collect gas samples and use gas chromatograph to determine the N2O concentration and calculate its emission. For specific methods, please refer to the record in CN201710071058.9 "A method for determining greenhouse gas emissions from indoor culture soil".

[0088] The results of the N2O cumulative emissions from the four treatment groups treated according to the fertilization scheme of Application Example 1 are as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 It can be seen that the cumulative N2O emissions of the four treatment groups are FP>OPTZ>OPTM>OPTC from high to low. Compared with FP, the N2O emissions of the other three treatment groups were significantly reduced by 12.8% to 30.8%. Compared with OPTM, the application of carbon-based organic fertilizer OPTC treatment reduced N2O emissions by 9.4%.

[0089] The results of the N2O cumulative emissions of the three treatment groups treated according to the fertilization scheme of Application Example 2 are as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2It can be seen that the cumulative N2O emissions of the three treatment groups are Demonstration 3 > Demonstration 1 > Demonstration 2 from high to low. The N2O emissions of Demonstration 1 and Demonstration 3 are equivalent. The N2O emissions of Demonstration 2 using package fertilizer are significantly reduced by about 33% compared with the other two treatment groups.

[0090] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creative work, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special package fertilizer for highland barley, characterized in that: It is composed of carbon-based organic fertilizer and special fertilizer; The carbon-based organic fertilizer comprises biochar, microbial agent, organic main material and auxiliary material I; The special fertilizer comprises macro-element fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and auxiliary material II.

2. The highland barley special package fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar includes acidic biochar and / or neutral biochar; The organic main material includes livestock and poultry manure and / or agricultural waste; The agricultural waste includes straw and / or fungus residue; The straw includes rape straw and / or highland barley straw; The auxiliary material I comprises superphosphate.

3. The highland barley special package fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent includes a composite microbial agent; The composite microbial agent includes low-temperature fermentation bacteria and / or high-temperature fermentation bacteria.

4. The highland barley special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The macronutrient fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The zinc fertilizer includes zinc sulfate heptahydrate; the boron fertilizer includes borax; The auxiliary material II includes nitrogen fertilizer synergist and / or filler calcium powder.

5. The method for preparing the carbon-based organic fertilizer according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: Mixing the biochar, the microbial agent, the organic main material and the auxiliary material I to obtain a mixture to be fermented; adjusting the water content of the mixture to be fermented to carry out fermentation to obtain fermented organic fertilizer; The fermented organic fertilizer and biochar are mixed to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.

6. The method for preparing carbon-based organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fermentation is aerobic fermentation; the fermentation period is 20 to 50 days.

7. The method for preparing the special fertilizer according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: The macronutrient fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and auxiliary material II are mixed and granulated to obtain the special fertilizer.

8. The method for applying the highland barley special package fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: Apply carbon-based organic fertilizers before sowing and / or after harvesting autumn crops; apply special fertilizers during sowing.

9. The method for applying the meal fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The application amount of the carbon-based organic fertilizer is 100-300 kg / mu; The application amount of the special fertilizer is 20 to 35 kg / mu.

10. The method for applying package fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The carbon-based organic fertilizer is applied by rotary tillage and land preparation; The special fertilizer is applied by sowing seeds and fertilizers together.

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