Heat insulation and sound insulation composite material with gradient structure and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heat-insulation and sound-insulation composite materials, in particular to a heat-insulation and sound-insulation composite material with a gradient structure and a using method thereof, and the material comprises a first heat-insulation and sound-insulation layer, a second heat-insulation and sound-insulation layer and a third heat-insulation and sound-insulation layer; the method comprises the steps that the material and the cast-in-place concrete surface layer are combined and can be directly laid, and the material and the prefabricated concrete surface layer, the steel structure surface layer and the wood structure surface layer can be connected through any one of cementation, bolt connection, rivet connection and buckle connection. The heat-insulation and sound-insulation composite material with the gradient structure can be directly laid on the surface layer or the belly of a concrete structure, bears force together with a structure body, and can also play an excellent heat-insulation and sound-insulation role; heat insulation and sound insulation layer materials of different pore forming technologies are prefabricated in a layered mode, then materials of different thicknesses, different pore diameters and different densities are selected for each layer according to actual engineering requirements to be combined and formed for use, the product effect is improved, and paving and cutting operation can be conveniently conducted according to requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heat-insulating and sound-insulating composite materials, and in particular to a heat-insulating and sound-insulating composite material with a gradient structure and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Green building materials, green buildings, green manufacturing and green construction have become the main themes of the development of the construction field in today's era. Good thermal insulation and sound insulation performance are two important indicators for evaluating green building materials and green buildings. The mandatory promotion and application of prefabricated parts and prefabricated buildings at the national level has led construction engineers to make many attempts and research, such as the invention of double-skin sandwich walls and sandwich floors - a composite wall or floor filled with organic materials such as polystyrene foam or glass beads and thermal insulation materials in the inner and outer layers of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels. These filling materials generally have high thermal conductivity and unstable performance indicators, large application thickness, weak adhesion, easy to form hollows, great safety hazards, and poor thermal insulation and sound insulation effects; in addition, the structural connection method between the inner and outer or upper and lower layers of prefabricated concrete panels is minimized, which not only weakens the connection stiffness but also increases the area of ​​cold bridges.

[0003] For example, the Chinese patent application number 202010401521.3 discloses a prestressed concrete hollow slab and its construction method, which also solves the sound insulation and heat insulation problem of the slab on a large area, but does not solve the problem of cold bridge insulation and sound insulation at the connection part of the dense rib beam. The key problem is that adding the current thermal insulation and sound insulation materials to the concrete structure will reduce the safety performance and service life of the structure. Therefore, it is urgent to study a material that can not only play a role in heat insulation and sound insulation in the concrete structure, but also work with the concrete structure and have the same service life.

[0004] A Chinese patent with application number 202310847080.3 discloses a multifunctional waterproof and heat-insulating material, a production method and a construction method. The invention uses emulsion, aerogel powder and glass beads for mixing; a variety of additives are added to increase the performance of the waterproof and heat-insulating material, but the construction time is long, the steps are complicated, and the application field is single.

[0005] The Chinese patent application number 202210733423.9 discloses a gradient composite material of a basic mortise and tenon structure and its preparation method. A convex or concave mortise and tenon structure is formed on the surface of the base layer by etching. In addition to the bonding force between the bonding layer and the base layer, the functional coating formed by the functional layer hugs the convex mortise and tenon structure of the base layer or inserts into the concave mortise and tenon structure, providing a tighter mortise and tenon force in addition to the bonding force. This invention improves the bonding strength between the functional layer and the base layer, but the mortise and tenon structure is complex and requires high precision, so it cannot be mass-produced in a short time.

[0006] The Chinese patent application number 202311612846.6 discloses a sound insulation and heat insulation composite material with a gradient structure and a construction method thereof. The sound insulation and heat insulation composite material has a gradient structure consisting of a first insulation layer, a second insulation layer, a third insulation layer and a fourth insulation layer; the first insulation layer is alumina fiber felt or aluminum silicate fiber felt, the second insulation layer is nanofiber felt, the nanofiber is silicon oxide nanofiber, alumina nanofiber, mullite nanofiber or alumina-mullite nanofiber, the third insulation layer is glass fiber felt, ceramic fiber felt or aerogel felt, and the fourth insulation layer is melamine foam. The sound insulation and heat insulation composite material prepared by the invention has multiple insulation layers, which further ensures that the insulation material has better insulation and sound insulation performance. The insulation layers used are all fiber felt or foam board, which ensures the flexibility of the insulation material. However, this type of material is not suitable for long-term existence in a cement-based alkaline environment, and cannot bear load together with reinforced concrete structures, steel structures or wooden structures.

[0007] The internal structural characteristics of foamed metal products, such as low density, high porosity, large pore specific surface area, low thermal conductivity, strong weather resistance and corrosion resistance, make them have good sound insulation, heat insulation and vibration reduction performance, but their manufacturing process is complicated, the production conditions are harsh, and the cost is expensive. At present, most of them are only used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, biomedicine and a small number of luxury house decoration and renovation projects. Therefore, when choosing which metal or alloy to foam, how to design and select the size of the gap, the configuration of the closed gap and the connected gap, it is necessary to comprehensively consider multiple factors such as porosity, the connectivity of the pore structure, the specific surface area of ​​the pores, the porous structure, the opening rate, the pore size, the density, the thickness, the damping characteristics and the physical properties of the material, in order to achieve a composite material with simple structure, simplified production process, moderate cost and best sound insulation and heat insulation performance. The present application proposes a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure and a method for using the same. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure and a method of using the same.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, comprising a first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, a second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and a third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer; the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer are in a gradient structure, and the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top;

[0011] The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer, the second heat and sound insulation layer and the third heat and sound insulation layer is 80-400 kg / m 3, porosity ≥ 95%, the overall thickness of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer is 12-150mm.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure in the present application can be directly laid on the surface or belly of the concrete structure, bearing the load together with the structural body, and can also play an excellent role in thermal insulation and sound insulation; by prefabricating the thermal insulation and sound insulation layer materials with different pore-forming processes in layers, and then selecting materials of different thicknesses, different pore sizes, and different densities for each layer according to the actual needs of the project, the product effect is improved and it is convenient to carry out paving and cutting operations as needed.

[0013] Preferably, the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer is a foamed metal product, and the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer includes a first surface bonding layer and a first functional layer from bottom to top, the first surface bonding layer is a hemispherical concave hole with an opening, and the first functional layer is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes, the first surface bonding layer and the first functional layer adopt an integrally formed structure, the thickness of the first surface bonding layer does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer, and the thickness of the first functional layer is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer;

[0014] The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and overall thickness is 3-30mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the structure of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer is described in detail so that those skilled in the art can understand how the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer can perform sound insulation and heat insulation operations, and at the same time facilitate connection with the corresponding main body through the bonding layer, and achieve sound insulation and heat insulation through the action of the functional layer.

[0016] Preferably, the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer is a foamed metal product, and the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer is provided with a plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes, and the plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes are arranged into an array of at least one layer of a plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes intersecting and connecting in a certain linear direction in the same horizontal plane, and a foamed metal entity is provided between two adjacent first transverse cylindrical holes;

[0017] The overall density of the second heat and sound insulation layer is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the structure of the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer is described in detail so that those skilled in the art can understand how the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer can perform sound insulation and heat insulation operations, and at the same time, it is convenient to connect with the corresponding main body through the bonding layer, and realize sound insulation and heat insulation through the action of the functional layer. At the same time, the existing multiple first transverse cylinder holes realize points in a single direction into lines, and after the arrangement between the lines, multiple first transverse cylinder holes are formed on one side, and finally a block structure is formed by overlapping multiple sides.

[0019] Preferably, a plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes are arranged inside the second heat and sound insulation layer, and the plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes form two orthogonal linear directions in the same horizontal plane, each of which has no less than two second transverse cylindrical holes intersecting and connecting to form a vertical array in series to form a basic unit;

[0020] A plurality of basic units are arranged in an overlapping manner, and a foamed metal entity is filled between two adjacent second transverse cylinder holes and between two adjacent basic units;

[0021] The overall density of the second heat and sound insulation layer is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

[0022] Furthermore, a layered arrangement is implemented, and multiple second transverse cylinder holes are arranged in two staggered linear arrangements within a single plane, so that points form lines, and lines form surfaces, and overlapping arrangements of multiple planes can be implemented to form blocks.

[0023] Preferably, the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer is a foamed metal product, and the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer comprises a third functional layer and a third surface bonding layer from bottom to top, and the third functional layer is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes, and the third surface bonding layer is provided with open hemispherical concave holes, and the third functional layer and the third surface bonding layer are integrally formed, and the thickness of the third surface bonding layer does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer, and the thickness of the third functional layer is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer;

[0024] The overall density of the third heat and sound insulation layer is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and overall thickness is 3-30mm.

[0025] Furthermore, the firmness of the connection is ensured, and sound insulation and heat insulation are performed through the functional layer, and the surface bonding layer can be easily connected to the main body.

[0026] Preferably, the foamed metal products used in the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer are any one and / or several of aluminum, iron, nickel and chromium.

[0027] Furthermore, as a new type of metal material, foamed aluminum uses aluminum as the base material and is made through a special process. It has excellent sound absorption and heat insulation properties, and is lightweight and strong. The porous structure of foamed iron is conducive to reducing the braking noise of semi-metallic friction material products during use, so as to effectively achieve sound insulation. Foamed nickel uses nickel as the main component, showing good ductility and corrosion resistance. The addition of chromium can enhance the surface gloss of the product and improve its corrosion resistance.

[0028] Preferably, a damping layer is provided between the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, and / or between the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer; the damping layer is made of any one of a high damping alloy, a rubber and plastic damping plate, a sound insulation and damping pad, a sound insulation coating, and a polymer sound insulation felt; and the overall thickness of the damping layer is 0.5-10 mm.

[0029] Furthermore, damping layers of different materials have different damping coefficients, applicable scopes, and cost prices; the effects obtained are also different, and they should be selected according to local conditions; setting up a damping layer can improve the sound insulation and heat insulation performance as well as the buffering and shock absorption effects, and can also avoid direct squeezing between the layers.

[0030] Preferably, a damping layer is applied on the lower surface of the first heat and sound insulation layer and / or the upper surface of the third heat and sound insulation layer.

[0031] Furthermore, in order to ensure the buffering effect, during actual preparation, the damping layer can be installed according to the location of the earthquake source, so that the damping layer and the earthquake source are close to each other. At the same time, when vibration occurs, the damping layer not only has the effect of buffering, but also has the effects of sound insulation and heat insulation.

[0032] Preferably, the second heat and sound insulation layer is composed of a damping layer.

[0033] Furthermore, it can fully realize the barrier buffering operation, and in actual use, the damping layer also has the function of sound insulation and heat insulation.

[0034] The present invention also proposes a method for using a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, which is applicable to the above-mentioned thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, and is characterized in that the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be directly laid in combination with a cast-in-place concrete surface layer, and the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be connected to a precast concrete surface layer, a steel structure surface layer and a wooden structure surface layer by any one of bonding, bolting, riveting and snap-on connection.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. The present application effectively solves the cold bridge blocking problem of the solid connection parts of the hollow walls (also called double-skin walls, sandwich walls, etc.) or hollow slabs (also called sandwich slabs, hollow slabs, etc.) commonly seen in current building structure engineering; the hollow parts of traditional hollow structures are filled with some organic or inorganic lightweight thermal insulation materials to play a certain role in thermal insulation and sound insulation, and there is no feasible technical solution and available materials to solve the problem of cold bridges; the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure of the present application can be directly laid on the surface or belly of the concrete structure, bear the load together with the structure body, and can also play an excellent role in thermal insulation and sound insulation;

[0037] 2. Based on the excellent independent pore-forming, open pore-forming, closed pore-forming and connected pore-forming processes of foamed metal, this application prefabricates the heat insulation and sound insulation layer materials with different pore-forming processes in layers, and then selects materials of different thicknesses, different pore diameters and different densities for each layer according to the actual needs of the project for combination and molding. The overall thickness is small, it is easy to cut and shape at will, the use area is small, and the overall price is low;

[0038] 3. The application materials are widely applicable, easy to use, and have rich extended functions; for example, the addition of a damping layer can be applied not only to the main structure and parts of wooden structures, steel structures, concrete structures and their combined structures, but also to building foundation engineering, equipment foundation, aerospace, automotive engineering, and biomedical engineering;

[0039] 4. Excellent heat and sound insulation effects: Through the combination of gradient structure design and different pore-forming processes, the material can significantly improve the heat and sound insulation performance;

[0040] Structural load-bearing: The material can be directly laid on the surface or belly of the concrete structure, bearing the load together with the structure itself, thus enhancing the overall stability and durability of the structure;

[0041] Flexibility and customizability: The layered prefabrication and multiple connection methods of the material enable it to be customized and optimized according to the needs of different application scenarios;

[0042] Easy construction: Convenient paving and cutting operations improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first sound and heat insulation layer in a heat and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3This is a linear arrangement structure diagram of the first transverse cylinder holes in the second sound insulation and heat insulation layer in a heat insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of two orthogonal linear arrangements of the first transverse tube holes in the second sound insulation and heat insulation layer in a heat insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third sound insulation and heat insulation layer in a heat insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure proposed by the present invention;

[0048] In the figure: 1 first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, 11 first surface bonding layer, 111 open hemispherical concave hole, 12 first functional layer, 121 closed vacuum spherical hole, 2 second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, 21 first transverse cylinder hole, 22 second transverse cylinder hole, 3 third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, 31 third surface bonding layer, 32 third functional layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0050] Reference Figure 1-5 A thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, comprising a first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, a second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2 and a third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3; the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2 and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 are in a gradient structure, and the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2 and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, which is convenient for paving and setting;

[0051] The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer 1, the second heat and sound insulation layer 2 and the third heat and sound insulation layer 3 is 80-400 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 95%, the overall thickness of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2 and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 is 12-150mm, which is convenient for paving.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 , 2The first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 1 is a foamed metal product. The first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 1 includes a first surface bonding layer 11 and a first functional layer 12 from bottom to top. The first surface bonding layer 11 is a hemispherical concave hole 111 with an opening. The first functional layer 12 is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes 121. The vacuum setting can improve the sound insulation effect. The first surface bonding layer 11 and the first functional layer 12 adopt an integral molding structure. The thickness of the first surface bonding layer 11 does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 1, and the thickness of the first functional layer 12 is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 1.

[0053] The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer 1 is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and an overall thickness of 3-30 mm; as the outermost layer or contact layer, it may have specific wear-resistant, weather-resistant or fire-resistant properties.

[0054] Reference Figure 1 , 3 4. The second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 2 is a foamed metal product. The second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 2 is provided with a plurality of first transverse tube holes 21. The plurality of first transverse tube holes 21 are arranged to form an array of at least one layer of a plurality of first transverse tube holes 21 connected in a linear direction in the same horizontal plane, and a foamed metal entity is provided between two adjacent first transverse tube holes 21;

[0055] The overall density of the second heat and sound insulation layer 2 is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness of 6-90mm; it is located in the middle, mainly undertakes the main functions of heat insulation and sound insulation, and may have optimized pore structure and density distribution.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 , 3 4. A plurality of second transverse tube holes 22 are arranged inside the second heat and sound insulation layer 2. The plurality of second transverse tube holes 22 form two orthogonal linear directions in the same horizontal plane, each of which has no less than two second transverse tube holes 22 intersecting and connecting to form a series of vertical arrays to form a basic unit;

[0057] A plurality of basic units are arranged in an overlapping manner, and a foamed metal entity is filled between two adjacent second transverse cylinder holes 22 and between two adjacent basic units;

[0058] The overall density of the second heat and sound insulation layer 2 is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 , 5The third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 3 is a foamed metal product. The third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 3 includes a third functional layer 32 and a third surface bonding layer 31 from bottom to top. The third functional layer 32 is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes. The third surface bonding layer 31 is provided with open hemispherical concave holes. The third functional layer 32 and the third surface bonding layer 31 are integrally formed. The thickness of the third surface bonding layer 31 does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 3. The thickness of the third functional layer 32 is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 3.

[0060] The overall density of the third heat and sound insulation layer 3 is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and an overall thickness of 3-30 mm; as an inner layer or contact structure layer, it may have enhanced adhesion or structural support performance; and the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2, and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 adopt a gradient design, which not only optimizes the overall performance of the material, but also enables the material to be customized according to the needs of different application scenarios.

[0061] The first heat and sound insulation layer 1, the second heat and sound insulation layer 2 and the third heat and sound insulation layer 3 can be prepared into heat and sound insulation layers with different thicknesses, pore sizes and densities by using different pore-forming processes (such as foaming, punching, etc.) and selecting different raw materials (such as polymers, inorganic fibers, etc.); this layered prefabrication method allows the material to flexibly adjust the characteristics of each layer while maintaining the overall performance to meet specific heat and sound insulation requirements.

[0062] Reference Figure 1 The foamed metal products used in the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1, the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2 and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 are any one and / or several of aluminum, iron, nickel and chromium; as a new type of metal material, foamed aluminum takes aluminum as the base material and is made through a special process, and has excellent sound absorption and thermal insulation properties, and is light and has high strength; the porous structure of foamed iron is conducive to reducing the braking noise of semi-metallic friction material products during use, so as to effectively realize sound insulation operations and improve the thermal insulation and sound insulation effects of the products; foamed nickel takes nickel as the main component and exhibits good ductility and corrosion resistance; by adding metallic chromium, the glossiness of the final foamed metal surface can be improved and the corrosion resistance of the product can be improved.

[0063] Reference Figure 1 A damping layer 4 is provided between the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1 and the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2 and / or between the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 2 and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3; the damping layer 4 is made of any one of high damping alloy, rubber and plastic damping plate, sound insulation damping pad, sound insulation coating and polymer sound insulation felt; the overall thickness of the damping layer 4 is 0.5-10mm, which can effectively perform sound insulation and heat insulation operations.

[0064] Reference Figure 1 A damping layer 4 is applied on the lower surface of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 1 and / or the upper surface of the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer 3 .

[0065] Reference Figure 1 The second heat and sound insulation layer 2 is composed of a damping layer 4.

[0066] The present invention also proposes a method for using a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, which is applicable to the above-mentioned thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, and is characterized in that: the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be directly laid in combination with a cast-in-place concrete surface layer, and the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be connected with a precast concrete surface layer, a steel structure surface layer and a wood structure surface layer by any one of bonding, bolt connection, rivet connection and snap connection; it is directly laid on the surface or belly of the product, and bears the load together with the structural body, and can also play an excellent role in thermal insulation and sound insulation; when in use, in combination with a cast-in-place concrete surface layer: the material can be directly laid on the surface of the cast-in-place concrete, and fixed by utilizing the adhesion of the material or by an additional adhesive; in combination with a precast concrete surface layer, a steel structure surface layer and a wood structure surface layer: a variety of connection methods can be adopted, including bonding, bolt connection, rivet connection and snap connection, so as to adapt to the characteristics and construction requirements of different structures; paving and cutting: because the material has the characteristics of layered prefabrication, it can be conveniently paved and cut according to engineering needs, thereby improving construction efficiency and flexibility.

[0067] In the present invention, the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 1, the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 2 and the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 3 are connected to form a complete heat-insulating and sound-insulating composite material with a gradient structure; when in use, they can be laid on corresponding materials as needed to ensure the effect of material installation, and at the same time, the damping layer 4 can enhance the effect of heat insulation and shock absorption, and improve the comfort of use;

[0068] And by filling the gaps with foamed metal entities, the heat insulation and sound insulation effects can be improved.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, comprising a first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (1), a second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (2) and a third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (3); characterized in that: The first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1), the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2) and the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) are in a gradient structure, and the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1), the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2) and the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer (1), the second heat and sound insulation layer (2) and the third heat and sound insulation layer (3) is 80-400 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 95%, and the overall thickness of the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (1), the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (2) and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (3) is 12-150 mm.

2. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1) is a foamed metal product. The first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1) comprises, from bottom to top, a first surface bonding layer (11) and a first functional layer (12). The first surface bonding layer (11) is a hemispherical concave hole (111) with an opening. The first functional layer (12) is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes (121). The first surface bonding layer (11) and the first functional layer (12) are formed in an integrally formed structure. The thickness of the first surface bonding layer (11) does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1). The thickness of the first functional layer (12) is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1). The overall density of the first heat and sound insulation layer (1) is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and overall thickness is 3-30mm.

3. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2) is a foamed metal product, and the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2) is provided with a plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes (21), and the plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes (21) are arranged to form an array of at least one layer of a plurality of first transverse cylindrical holes (21) intersecting and connecting in a certain linear direction in the same horizontal plane, and a foamed metal entity is provided between two adjacent first transverse cylindrical holes (21); The overall density of the second heat and sound insulation layer (2) is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

4. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes (22) are arranged inside the second heat and sound insulation layer (2), and the plurality of second transverse cylindrical holes (22) form a vertical array of at least two second transverse cylindrical holes (22) in two orthogonal linear directions in the same horizontal plane, which are connected to form a series to form a basic unit; A plurality of basic units are arranged in an overlapping manner, and a foamed metal entity is filled between two adjacent second transverse cylinder holes (22) and between two adjacent basic units; The overall density of the second heat and sound insulation layer (2) is 60-350 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 96%, and overall thickness is 6-90mm.

5. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) is a foamed metal product. The third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) comprises, from bottom to top, a third functional layer (32) and a third surface bonding layer (31). The third functional layer (32) is provided with at least one layer of closed vacuum spherical holes. The third surface bonding layer (31) is provided with open hemispherical concave holes. The third functional layer (32) and the third surface bonding layer (31) are integrally formed. The thickness of the third surface bonding layer (31) does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3). The thickness of the third functional layer (32) is not less than 2 / 3 of the total thickness of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3). The overall density of the third heat and sound insulation layer (3) is 100-450 kg / m 3 , porosity ≥ 92%, and overall thickness is 3-30mm.

6. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foamed metal products used in the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1), the second heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (2) and the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3) are any one and / or several of aluminum, iron, nickel and chromium.

7. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A damping layer (4) is provided between the first thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (1) and the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (2) and / or between the second thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (2) and the third thermal insulation and sound insulation layer (3); the damping layer (4) is made of any one of a high damping alloy, a rubber and plastic damping plate, a sound insulation and damping pad, a sound insulation coating, and a polymer sound insulation felt; and the overall thickness of the damping layer (4) is 0.5-10 mm.

8. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A damping layer (4) is provided on the lower surface of the first heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (1) and / or the upper surface of the third heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer (3).

9. The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second heat and sound insulation layer (2) is formed by a damping layer (4).

10. A method for using a thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure, applicable to the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be directly laid in combination with the cast-in-place concrete surface layer, and the thermal insulation and sound insulation composite material with a gradient structure can be connected to the precast concrete surface layer, the steel structure surface layer and the wooden structure surface layer by any of bonding, bolting, riveting and snap-on connections.

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