Ultrahigh-section empty roadway filling and supporting structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a filling and supporting structure and a construction method.The side wall of a roadway of the filling and supporting structure is provided with an anchor rod supporting structure, the top face of the roadway is provided with a top plate supporting structure, and the roadway comprises a lower backfilling cavity and an upper supporting cavity; the lower backfill cavity is filled with coal and gangue to form a bottom coal and gangue layer, a concrete solidification layer is laid on the top face of the bottom coal and gangue layer, a plurality of spaced concrete supporting columns are arranged in the upper supporting cavity, the bottoms of the concrete supporting columns are connected to the concrete solidification layer, and the tops of the concrete supporting columns support the top face of the roadway. According to the filling and supporting structure for the ultrahigh-section empty roadway, the problem that supporting is unstable due to the fact that the strength of the stand columns in the ultrahigh roadway is affected by the height is solved, and the stability of the ultrahigh roadway is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine tunnel support, and in particular to a super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] In the mining conditions of extra-thick coal seams, in order to ensure the complete removal of oil and gas pipelines, the height of the special measures tunnel often exceeds the height of conventional tunnels (greater than 4.0m). However, after the removal of the oil and gas pipelines, when the mining face approaches the measures tunnel, the coal pillar between the measures tunnel and the mining face is prone to sudden instability and premature breakage of the roof. At this time, it is difficult to control the deformation of the tunnel only by anchor rods and anchor cables, and frame crushing accidents are prone to occur, posing a serious threat to the safety production of the subsequent working face.

[0003] At present, large-section ultra-high empty tunnels are mainly backfilled and supported by "strong piers" and "high-water material filling". The above filling methods all have certain limitations in "ultra-high tunnels": (1) Although the "strong piers" have the advantages of less filling materials and shorter construction period, the stability of the piers themselves decreases with the increase of height. Therefore, the stability of the ultra-high piers themselves in the ultra-high tunnel will decrease, which is not conducive to the performance of the ultra-high tunnel pier support performance; (2) Although the "high-water material filling" has the characteristics of stable filling effect and high support effect, it has the disadvantages of complex construction system, high material cost, long construction period, and great interference with normal production of the working face. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure, which solves the problem of unstable support caused by the strength of columns in super-high tunnels being affected by height, and ensures the stability of super-high tunnels.

[0006] The super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure of the embodiment of the present invention has an anchor support structure on the side of the tunnel, and a roof support structure on the top surface of the tunnel. The tunnel includes a lower backfill cavity and an upper support cavity. The lower backfill cavity is filled with coal gangue to form a bottom coal gangue layer, and a concrete solidification layer is laid on the top surface of the bottom coal gangue layer. A plurality of spaced-apart concrete pillars are provided in the upper support cavity. The bottom of the concrete pillars is connected to the concrete solidification layer, and the top supports the top surface of the tunnel.

[0007] The high-section empty tunnel filling support structure of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a lower backfill cavity and an upper support cavity, wherein the lower backfill cavity is filled with coal gangue to form a bottom coal gangue layer, the top surface of the bottom coal gangue layer is paved with a concrete solidification layer, and a plurality of spaced-apart concrete pillars are arranged in the upper support cavity, wherein the bottom of the concrete pillars are connected to the concrete solidification layer, and the top surface of the tunnel is supported by the top surface, thereby, the bottom coal gangue layer formed after the tunnel bottom is backfilled can reduce the overall height of the empty tunnel, and correspondingly, the height of the concrete pillars arranged above the bottom coal gangue layer is reduced, so that the concrete pillars have sufficient structural strength to support the tunnel top surface, thereby solving the problem of unstable support caused by the strength of the columns in the super-high tunnel being affected by the height, and ensuring the stability of the super-high tunnel.

[0008] In some embodiments, the anchor support structure includes a plurality of anchors arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tunnel, and a distance b between adjacent anchors satisfies 900 mm ≤ b ≤ 1100 mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the plurality of anchor rods include an upper anchor rod closest to the top surface of the tunnel, the upper anchor rod is tilted upward, and an angle β between the upper anchor rod and the side wall of the tunnel satisfies 65°≤β≤85°.

[0010] In some embodiments, the distance H between the anchor point of the upper anchor rod and the top surface of the tunnel satisfies 240mm≤H≤260mm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the roof support structure includes a roof and a plurality of anchor cables arranged at intervals, the distance a between adjacent anchor cables satisfies 500mm≤a≤1000mm, and the roof is connected to the lower ends of the anchor cables and supports the top surface of the tunnel.

[0012] The construction method of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure is the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure described in any of the above embodiments, and the construction method comprises:

[0013] Support the side walls and top surface of the tunnel;

[0014] Filling the lower backfill cavity with coal gangue;

[0015] Smoothing and solidifying the surface of the bottom coal gangue layer;

[0016] Concrete pillars are set above the bottom coal gangue layer to support the top surface of the tunnel.

[0017] The construction method of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure of the embodiment of the present invention can achieve stable support for the side walls and top surface of the tunnel. After filling the bottom coal gangue layer, setting concrete pillars can reduce the pillar height, improve the support stability, and ensure the stability of the super-high tunnel.

[0018] In some embodiments, the supporting the side walls and top surface of the tunnel includes:

[0019] Carry out anchor support on the side walls of the roadway;

[0020] Anchor mesh support is carried out on the top surface of the tunnel.

[0021] In some embodiments, the filling of the lower backfill cavity with coal gangue includes: using coal gangue during excavation to perform in-situ backfill support on the bottom of the empty tunnel.

[0022] In some embodiments, the leveling and solidifying of the surface of the bottom coal gangue layer includes: using concrete with a grade of not less than C30 to seal and solidify the surface of the bottom coal gangue filling body to form a concrete solidification layer.

[0023] In some embodiments, the step of providing concrete pillars above the bottom coal gangue layer to support the top surface of the roadway comprises:

[0024] The concrete pillars are made by ground pre-setting;

[0025] The prefabricated concrete pillars are laid on the concrete curing layer at certain intervals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of surrounding rock support of a super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom backfill of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the construction of the concrete solidification layer of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals:

[0031] Tunnel 1, side wall 2, top surface 3, anchor rod 4, upper anchor rod 41, anchor cable 5, bottom coal gangue layer 6, concrete solidification layer 7, concrete column 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0033] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure of the embodiment of the present invention, the side wall 2 of the tunnel 1 is provided with an anchor rod 4 support structure, the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1 is provided with a roof support structure, the tunnel 1 includes a lower backfill cavity and an upper support cavity, the lower backfill cavity is filled with coal gangue to form a bottom coal gangue layer 6, the top surface 3 of the bottom coal gangue layer 6 is paved with a concrete solidification layer 7, and a plurality of spaced-apart concrete pillars 8 are provided in the upper support cavity, the bottom of the concrete pillars 8 are connected to the concrete solidification layer 7, and the top supports the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1.

[0034] It can be understood that the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure of the present application not only includes the traditional peripheral rock support (side 2 support and top surface 3 support), but also combines coal gangue backfill with pillar support. Since the bottom of the tunnel 1 is backfilled, the empty tunnel height of the super-high tunnel 1 is reduced, and the height of the concrete pillars 8 set on the coal gangue backfill layer is relatively reduced, which solves the problem of reduced pillar stability caused by excessive height.

[0035] The high-section empty tunnel filling support structure of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a tunnel 1 including a lower backfill cavity and an upper support cavity, the lower backfill cavity is filled with coal gangue to form a bottom coal gangue layer 6, the top surface 3 of the bottom coal gangue layer 6 is paved with a concrete solidification layer 7, and a plurality of spaced-apart concrete pillars 8 are arranged in the upper support cavity, the bottom of the concrete pillars 8 are connected to the concrete solidification layer 7, and the top supports the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1, thereby, the bottom coal gangue layer 6 formed after the bottom of the tunnel 1 is backfilled can reduce the overall height of the empty tunnel, and accordingly, the height of the concrete pillars 8 arranged above the bottom coal gangue layer 6 is reduced, so that the concrete pillars 8 have sufficient structural strength to support the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1, thereby solving the problem of unstable support caused by the strength of the columns in the super-high tunnel 1 being affected by the height, and ensuring the stability of the super-high tunnel 1.

[0036] In some embodiments, the anchor rod 4 support structure includes a plurality of anchor rods 4 arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tunnel 1, and the distance b between adjacent anchor rods 4 satisfies 900mm≤b≤1100mm. It is understandable that the density of the anchor rods 4 has an intuitive effect on the support strength. The inventors have found through experiments that when the distance between adjacent anchor rods 4 is between 900mm and 1100mm, the layout density of the anchor rods 4 can meet the requirements of the support strength without causing a waste of construction costs. Preferably, the distance between adjacent anchor rods 4 is 1000mm.

[0037] Furthermore, the size of the anchor rod 4 is a glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod 4 of not less than φ27×2400mm (or a metal threaded steel anchor rod 4 of φ22×2400mm), the anchor rod 4 is constructed vertically on the rock surface, and each anchor rod 4 is anchored with one MSCK2380 anchoring agent.

[0038] Further, the plurality of anchor rods 4 include an upper anchor rod 41 closest to the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1, the upper anchor rod 41 is arranged to be inclined upward, and the angle β between the upper anchor rod 41 and the side wall 2 of the tunnel 1 satisfies 65°≤β≤85°. It can be understood that the stress at the intersection of the side wall 2 and the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1 is inclined, and the inclined arrangement of the upper anchor rod 41 can meet the support requirements at the top angle of the tunnel 1, and the inventor has found through experiments that when the inclination angle of the upper anchor rod 41 is between 65° and 85°, its anchor protection effect is the best. Preferably, the angle β is 75°.

[0039] Furthermore, the distance H between the anchor point of the upper anchor rod 41 and the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1 satisfies 240mm≤H≤260mm. It should be noted that the support of the upper anchor rod 41 needs to take into account the interference position with the support of the top surface 3. Limiting the distance between the support point of the upper anchor rod 41 and the top surface 3 to between 240mm and 260mm can meet the requirements of non-interference between the support of the side 2 and the support of the top surface 3, while ensuring a reasonable distance between the anchor rods 4 of the side 2 support.

[0040] Furthermore, the roof support structure includes a roof and a plurality of anchor cables 5 arranged at intervals, the distance a between adjacent anchor cables 5 satisfies 500mm≤a≤1000mm, and the roof is connected to the lower end of the anchor cables 5 and supports the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1. It should be noted that the tail of the anchor cable 5 can grip the deep rock formation, and after the head is connected to the roof, the roof can be used to support the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1 to achieve anchor protection of the top surface 3, and when the spacing between adjacent anchor cables 5 is between 500mm and 1000mm, the tensile strength thereof can enable the roof to provide sufficient support for the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1.

[0041] Furthermore, the anchor cable 5 is made of steel strands with a specification size of not less than φ21.8mm×1000mm, and the top plate is made of a 300×300×16mm steel plate.

[0042] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the construction method of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure of the embodiment of the present invention, the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure is the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure of any of the above embodiments, and the construction method includes:

[0043] Support the side walls 2 and top surface 3 of the tunnel 1;

[0044] Filling the lower backfill cavity with coal gangue;

[0045] Smoothing and solidifying the surface of the bottom coal gangue layer 6;

[0046] Concrete pillars 8 are arranged above the bottom coal gangue layer 6 to support the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1 .

[0047] The construction method of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure of the embodiment of the present invention can achieve stable support for the side walls 2 and top surface 3 of the tunnel 1. After filling the bottom coal gangue layer 6, setting concrete pillars 8 can reduce the pillar height, improve the support stability, and ensure the stability of the super-high tunnel 1.

[0048] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, supporting the side walls 2 and top surface 3 of the tunnel 1 includes:

[0049] Anchor bolt 4 support is provided on the side wall 2 of the tunnel 1;

[0050] Anchor mesh support is carried out on the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1.

[0051] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, the filling of the lower backfill cavity with coal gangue includes: using the coal gangue during excavation to perform in-situ backfill support on the bottom of the empty tunnel. It can be understood that the advantages of using excavation coal gangue as backfill material are: (1) reducing the cost of filling materials and improving the economy of filling implementation; (2) eliminating the time required for filling materials from the ground into the well, improving the efficiency of filling construction, and facilitating timely support of empty tunnels and improving the support effect.

[0052] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, the surface of the bottom coal gangue layer 6 is leveled and solidified, including: using concrete with a grade not lower than C30 to seal and solidify the surface of the bottom coal gangue filling body to form a concrete solidification layer 7.

[0053] Furthermore, the thickness of the concrete solidified layer 7 is not less than 200 mm.

[0054] Furthermore, if Figure 4 As shown, a concrete support 8 is arranged above the bottom coal gangue layer 6 to support the top surface 3 of the tunnel 1, including:

[0055] The concrete pillar 8 is made by ground pre-setting;

[0056] The prefabricated concrete pillars 8 are laid on the concrete solidification layer 7 at certain intervals.

[0057] The advantages of using pre-placed concrete columns for support are: (1) The concrete pillars 8 can be prepared in batches on the ground in advance using a pre-placed process, isolating them from underground construction and operations in terms of time and space, improving the efficiency of underground filling construction while reducing interference with other normal production operations; (2) It is conducive to the quality management of the preparation of concrete pillars 8, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the pillar strength performance and external dimensions.

[0058] Optionally, the compressive strength of the concrete pillar 8 is not less than 25 MPa, the length and width of the cross section are not less than 300 mm, and the length l≤H1-200 mm. The spacing between the concrete pillars 8 laid underground is not greater than 1.0 m×1.0 m.

[0059] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0060] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0061] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0063] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0064] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure, characterized in that: The side walls of the tunnel are provided with an anchor support structure, and the top surface of the tunnel is provided with a roof support structure. The tunnel includes a lower backfill cavity and an upper support cavity. The lower backfill cavity is filled with coal gangue to form a bottom coal gangue layer, and a concrete solidification layer is paved on the top surface of the bottom coal gangue layer. A plurality of spaced-apart concrete pillars are provided in the upper support cavity. The bottom of the concrete pillars is connected to the concrete solidification layer, and the top supports the top surface of the tunnel.

2. The ultra-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor support structure includes a plurality of anchors arranged at intervals along the height direction of the tunnel, and a distance b between adjacent anchors satisfies 900mm≤b≤1100mm.

3. The ultra-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The plurality of anchor rods include an upper anchor rod closest to the top surface of the tunnel, the upper anchor rod is arranged to be inclined upward, and an angle β between the upper anchor rod and the side wall of the tunnel satisfies 65°≤β≤85°.

4. The ultra-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The distance H between the anchor point of the upper anchor rod and the top surface of the tunnel satisfies 240mm≤H≤260mm.

5. The ultra-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The roof support structure includes a roof and a plurality of anchor cables arranged at intervals, the distance a between adjacent anchor cables satisfies 500mm≤a≤1000mm, and the roof is connected to the lower ends of the anchor cables and supports the top surface of the tunnel.

6. A construction method for a super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure, characterized in that: The super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure is a super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the construction method comprises: Support the side walls and top surface of the tunnel; Filling the lower backfill cavity with coal gangue; Smoothing and solidifying the surface of the bottom coal gangue layer; Concrete pillars are set above the bottom coal gangue layer to support the top surface of the tunnel.

7. The construction method of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The supporting of the side walls and top surface of the tunnel includes: Carry out anchor support on the side walls of the roadway; Anchor mesh support is carried out on the top surface of the tunnel.

8. The construction method of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The filling of the lower backfill cavity with coal gangue includes: using coal gangue to perform in-situ backfill support on the bottom of the empty tunnel during excavation.

9. The construction method of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The leveling and solidifying of the surface of the bottom coal gangue layer includes: using concrete with a grade not lower than C30 to seal and solidify the surface of the bottom coal gangue filling body to form a concrete solidified layer.

10. The construction method of the super-high section empty tunnel filling support structure according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The method of arranging concrete pillars above the bottom coal gangue layer to support the top surface of the roadway comprises: The concrete pillars are made by ground pre-setting; The prefabricated concrete pillars are laid on the concrete curing layer at certain intervals.

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