Metallurgical furnace three-dimensional temperature measurement method based on space sound wave correction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a metallurgical furnace three-dimensional temperature measurement method based on a spatial sound wave correction method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, arranging a sound wave transducer in a to-be-measured area of a hearth of a metallurgical furnace; s2, the acoustic wave transducers arranged in the step S1 are used for capturing acoustic wave flying time, and acoustic wave signal flying time is obtained; s3, reconstructing a space temperature field based on a space coefficient matrix according to the acoustic signal flying time obtained in the step S2 to obtain a metallurgical furnace hearth three-dimensional temperature field; and S4, completing the measurement of the three-dimensional temperature of the metallurgical furnace according to the three-dimensional temperature field of the hearth of the metallurgical furnace obtained in the step S3. According to the method for measuring the three-dimensional temperature of the metallurgical furnace, the three-dimensional temperature information in the hearth of the metallurgical furnace is accurately obtained in real time through optimized capture of the sound wave flying time and reconstruction of the space temperature field, and the stability of temperature detection of the metallurgical furnace is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of intelligent manufacturing of nonferrous metal smelting, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method. Background Art

[0002] Nonferrous metals refer to all metals except iron, manganese, chromium and iron-based alloys, which can be divided into heavy metals, light metals, precious metals and rare metals. Nonferrous metals in a broad sense also include nonferrous alloys, which are alloys composed of nonferrous metals as the matrix and one or more other elements. Nonferrous metals are the basic materials for the development of the national economy. Most industries such as aviation, aerospace, automobiles, machinery manufacturing, electricity, communications, construction, and home appliances are based on nonferrous metals. With the rapid development of modern chemical industry, agriculture, and science and technology, nonferrous metals are becoming more and more important in human development.

[0003] Nonferrous metal smelting can be roughly divided into full pyrometallurgy, full hydrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy combined pyrometallurgy. Among them, the pyrometallurgy process of nonferrous metals needs to be carried out in a metallurgical furnace. The metallurgical furnace is the core equipment of the pyrometallurgy process. Its operating quality directly affects the direct recovery rate and recovery rate of metals, and is the focus of research on the manufacture of nonferrous metals. Accurate detection of temperature in metallurgical furnaces has been a long-standing industry problem. On the one hand, the temperature in the furnace is high, and there are molten liquids of glass phase and metal phase, which can be mutually melted with most materials. Existing contact transmitters are difficult to meet the requirements. Most of them can only be used once, which is costly and has discrete detection results. On the other hand, the internal environment of the furnace is harsh, and the detection method based on laser vision is subject to interference, especially the damage of laser emitters and cameras leads to detection errors. The results obtained are difficult to serve as the basis for intelligent control of nonferrous metal pyrometallurgy. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional temperature measurement method for a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method, so as to improve the stability, accuracy and real-time performance of the temperature detection of the metallurgical furnace and meet the industrial control requirements.

[0005] The present invention provides a three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Arrange an acoustic wave transducer in the area to be tested in the furnace of a metallurgical furnace;

[0007] S2. Using the acoustic transducer arranged in step S1, the acoustic wave flight time is captured to obtain the acoustic wave signal flight time;

[0008] S3. Reconstruct the spatial temperature field based on the spatial coefficient matrix according to the acoustic signal flight time obtained in step S2 to obtain the three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace;

[0009] S4. According to the three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace hearth obtained in step S3, the three-dimensional temperature of the metallurgical furnace is measured.

[0010] Step S1 is specifically as follows: several layers of acoustic wave transducers are arranged at equal distances in the area to be tested of the metallurgical furnace, and each layer of acoustic wave transducers is installed at equal distances on the inner wall of the metallurgical furnace, and the distance is equal to the interlayer spacing between two adjacent layers of acoustic wave transducers; the acoustic wave transducers are wrapped by a cooling water jacket; the direction parallel to the inner wall of the furnace is selected as the x-axis in the horizontal plane, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, and the acoustic wave transducers are numbered; each layer of acoustic wave transducers is numbered in alphabetical order from top to bottom.

[0011] The acoustic wave flight time capture described in step S2 is specifically as follows: designing a transmitting signal, using an acoustic wave transducer to transmit a signal in a preset order, extracting the echo signal envelope, separating the peak time corresponding to the echo signal, and obtaining the acoustic wave flight time by weighted average.

[0012] The specific sequence of the acoustic transducer signal emission is as follows: select any furnace vertical plane A where the acoustic transducer is located as the reference, take the acoustic transducer A at the center of the plane ij The sound wave is emitted from the starting point. After completing one sound wave emission, the sound wave transducer B at the corresponding position of the adjacent plane B is taken in the clockwise direction. ij To transmit sound waves, the sound wave transducers in the vertical planes of the two metallurgical furnaces marked as A and B complete the sound wave transmission at one time in the form of the Fibonacci curve; when a vertical plane sound wave transducer transmits a sound wave signal, the sound wave transducers in the same plane do not work, and the other sound wave transducers are all receiving ends.

[0013] The transmitted signal s(t) is expressed by the following formula:

[0014] s(t)=|sin(t)|

[0015] Where t is time and 0≤t≤2π;

[0016] The echo signal envelope is extracted using Hilbert transform, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] Where x(t) is the echo signal; H[x(t)] is the Hilbert transform of the echo signal; D is the signal emission interval; n(τ) is the correction function, which characterizes the average noise of the core equipment metallurgical furnace during operation; the impulse response function is used to fit the excitation process analytical signal, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, F(t) is the envelope function of the echo signal; z(t) is the projection phase of the echo signal; j is the imaginary operator; the envelope function F(t) is fitted with the impulse response function model, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, z * is the envelope fitting function; F0 is the first characteristic coefficient; Δ is the second characteristic coefficient; δ is the third characteristic coefficient; α is the fourth characteristic coefficient; n * (τ) is the envelope amplitude rate correction function; the design characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) is expressed by the following formula:

[0023] f(x)=s(t * )-z *

[0024] Among them, t * is the normalized time variable and The optimized differential evolution method is used to solve the characteristic coefficient combination that minimizes the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) and obtain the potential optimal solution, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0025] X i =(X i,1 (N),X i,2 (N),X i,3 (N),X i,4 (N)

[0026] Among them, X i is the potential optimal solution and 1≤i≤M; M is the number of individuals in the solution space, and each individual is a 4-dimensional vector; X i,1 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient F0, X i,2 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient Δ, X i,3 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient δ, X i,4 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient α; N is the number of iterations;

[0027] The optimized differential evolution method comprises the following steps:

[0028] a. Adaptive variation of optimal solution:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, X i (N) is the current optimal solution; is the result after the optimal solution is mutated; and is an individual solution randomly selected during the Nth cycle and K is the scaling factor, calculated using the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, f i (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X i (N) corresponding fitness; f p (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X p (N) corresponding fitness; f q (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X q (N) corresponding fitness;

[0033] b. Adaptive crossover and selection of optimal solution:

[0034]

[0035] in, is the individual solution after adaptive crossover; H i (N) is the average value of the three individual solutions with the closest fitness; Ra is a random number in the interval [0,1]; cr is the crossover probability, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, cr1 is the current crossover probability of the individual solution; is the fitness of the individual solution after completing the adaptive mutation; f i is the average fitness of all current individual solutions; cr max is the upper limit of the crossover probability cr; cr min is the lower limit of the crossover probability cr; the new individual solution X is expressed using the following formula i (N+1):

[0038]

[0039] in, The individual solution after completing the mutation crossover process The fitness of Xi The individual solution X before the mutation crossover process i Adaptability;

[0040] c. After the selection is completed, the mutation, crossover, and selection processes are repeated until the number of cycles N reaches the preset value.

[0041] Substitute the obtained optimal characteristic coefficient back into the envelope fitting function z * , and take the derivative with respect to time t and let (z *)'=0, solve t to obtain the time t1 and t2 when z(t) reaches the maximum and second maximum values, then the acoustic signal flight time t of a single receiving end is f It can be expressed as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, Max{·} is the maximum value operation; Min{·} is the minimum value operation.

[0044] The design selects vertical plane A, vertical plane B and the bottom surface as the reference, and divides the measurement space into α equal in size. 3 grid spaces; select the grid space adjacent to the vertical plane A and the vertical plane B in the lowest layer as the base initial number (1,1), take the x-axis in the positive direction, and number it from left to right and from bottom to top according to the first digit of the number, and the second digit is numbered from left to right and from bottom to top, with the maximum number being (α,α); take the grid space adjacent to the vertical plane A and the vertical plane B in the lowest layer as the origin, and number the sound wave flight time in the grid from left to right and from bottom to top along the x-axis as The flight time of a single spatial grid is expressed by the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, α ij is the sound wave flight time t f The actual distance through the jth spatial grid of the i-th layer; t fε is the flight time between the transmitting end and the receiving end of the acoustic wave transducer in one measurement cycle, where ε is an integer and 0<ε≤α 3 .

[0047] Step S3 is specifically as follows: since the acoustic wave propagation velocity is positively correlated with the temperature, a three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace is constructed according to the single spatial grid acoustic wave signal flight time obtained in step S2.

[0048] The present invention discloses a three-dimensional temperature measurement method for a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method. By optimizing and capturing the acoustic wave flight time and reconstructing the spatial temperature field, the three-dimensional temperature information in the furnace of the metallurgical furnace can be accurately acquired in real time, thereby improving the stability of the temperature detection of the metallurgical furnace. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention provides a three-dimensional temperature measurement method for a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method, and its flow chart is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0051] S1. Arrange the acoustic wave transducer in the area to be tested in the furnace of the metallurgical furnace, specifically:

[0052] Several layers of acoustic wave transducers are arranged at equal distances in the area to be tested of the metallurgical furnace. Each layer of acoustic wave transducers is installed at equal distances on the inner wall of the metallurgical furnace, and the distance is equal to the interlayer spacing between two adjacent layers of acoustic wave transducers. The acoustic wave transducers are wrapped by cooling water jackets. The direction parallel to the inner wall of the furnace is selected as the x-axis in the horizontal plane to establish a plane rectangular coordinate system, and the acoustic wave transducers are numbered based on this. The acoustic wave transducers of each layer are numbered in alphabetical order from top to bottom.

[0053] S2. Use the acoustic transducer arranged in step S1 to capture the acoustic wave transit time and obtain the acoustic wave signal transit time, specifically:

[0054] The transmitting signal is designed, and the acoustic wave transducer is used to transmit the signal in a preset order. The echo signal envelope is extracted, the peak time corresponding to the echo signal is separated, and the acoustic wave flight time is obtained by weighted average.

[0055] The specific sequence of the acoustic transducer signal emission is as follows: select any furnace vertical plane A where the acoustic transducer is located as the reference, take the acoustic transducer A at the center of the plane ij The sound wave is emitted from the starting point. After completing one sound wave emission, the sound wave transducer B at the corresponding position of the adjacent plane B is taken in the clockwise direction. ij To transmit sound waves, the sound wave transducers in the vertical planes of the two metallurgical furnaces marked as A and B complete the sound wave transmission in one time according to the Fibonacci curve form; when a vertical plane sound wave transducer transmits a sound wave signal, the sound wave transducers in the same plane do not work, and the other sound wave transducers are all receiving ends. Taking the selection order of the sound wave transducers before the 18th measurement process as an example, the order of the sound wave transducer transmitter can be expressed as: A ij , B ij , A (i+1 ) j , B (i+1 ) j , A (i+1)(j+1) , B (i+1)(j+1) , A i(j+1) , B i(j+1) , A (i-1)(j+1) , B (i-1)(j+1) , A (i-1)j , B (i-1)j , A (i-1)(j-1) , B (i-1)(j-1) , A i(j-1) , B i(j-1) , A (i+1)(j-1) , B (i+1)(j-1) .

[0056] The transmitted signal s(t) is expressed by the following formula:

[0057] s(t)=|sin(t)|

[0058] Where t is time and 0≤t≤2π;

[0059] The echo signal envelope is extracted using Hilbert transform, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] Where x(t) is the echo signal; H[x(t)] is the Hilbert transform of the echo signal; D is the signal emission interval; n(τ) is the correction function, which characterizes the average noise of the core equipment metallurgical furnace during operation; the impulse response function is used to fit the excitation process analytical signal, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, F(t) is the envelope function of the echo signal; z(t) is the projection phase of the echo signal; j is the imaginary operator; the envelope function F(t) is fitted with the impulse response function model, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] Among them, z * is the envelope fitting function; F0 is the first characteristic coefficient; Δ is the second characteristic coefficient; δ is the third characteristic coefficient; α is the fourth characteristic coefficient; n * (τ) is the envelope amplitude rate correction function; the design characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) is expressed by the following formula:

[0066] f(x)=s(t * )-z *

[0067] Among them, t * is the normalized time variable and The optimized differential evolution method is used to solve the characteristic coefficient combination that minimizes the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) and obtain the potential optimal solution, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0068] X i =(X i,1 (N),X i,2 (N),X i,3 (N),X i,4 (N)

[0069] Among them, X i is the potential optimal solution and 1≤i≤M; M is the number of individuals in the solution space, and each individual is a 4-dimensional vector; X i,1(N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient F0, X i,2 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient Δ, X i,3 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient δ, X i,4 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient α; N is the number of iterations;

[0070] The optimized differential evolution method comprises the following steps:

[0071] a. Adaptive variation of optimal solution:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, X i (N) is the current optimal solution; is the result after the optimal solution is mutated; and is an individual solution randomly selected during the Nth cycle and K is the scaling factor, calculated using the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, f i (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X i (N) corresponding fitness; f p (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X p (N) corresponding fitness; f q (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X q (N) corresponding fitness;

[0076] b. Adaptive crossover and selection of optimal solution:

[0077]

[0078] in, is the individual solution after adaptive crossover; H i (N) is the average value of the three individual solutions with the closest fitness; Ra is a random number in the interval [0,1]; cr is the crossover probability, which is expressed by the following formula:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, cr1 is the current crossover probability of the individual solution; is the fitness of the individual solution after completing the adaptive mutation; f i is the average fitness of all current individual solutions; cr max is the upper limit of the crossover probability cr; cr minis the lower limit of the crossover probability cr; the new individual solution X is expressed using the following formula i (N+1):

[0081]

[0082] in, The individual solution after completing the mutation crossover process Adaptability; The individual solution X before the mutation crossover process i Adaptability;

[0083] c. After the selection is completed, the mutation, crossover, and selection processes are repeated until the number of cycles N reaches the preset value.

[0084] Substitute the obtained optimal characteristic coefficient back into the envelope fitting function z * , and take the derivative with respect to time t and let (z * )'=0, solve t to obtain the time t1 and t2 when z(t) reaches the maximum and second maximum values, then the acoustic signal flight time t of a single receiving end is f It can be expressed as follows:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, Max{·} is the maximum value operation; Min{·} is the minimum value operation.

[0087] The design selects vertical plane A, vertical plane B and the bottom surface as the reference, and divides the measurement space into α equal in size. 3 grid spaces; select the grid space adjacent to the vertical plane A and the vertical plane B in the lowest layer as the base initial number (1,1), take the x-axis in the positive direction, and number it from left to right and from bottom to top according to the first digit of the number, and the second digit is numbered from left to right and from bottom to top, with the maximum number being (α,α); take the grid space adjacent to the vertical plane A and the vertical plane B in the lowest layer as the origin, and number the sound wave flight time in the grid from left to right and from bottom to top along the x-axis as The flight time of a single spatial grid is expressed by the following formula:

[0088]

[0089] Among them, α ij is the sound wave flight time t f The actual distance through the jth spatial grid of the i-th layer; t fε is the flight time between the transmitting end and the receiving end of the acoustic wave transducer in one measurement cycle, where ε is an integer and 0<ε≤α 3 .

[0090] S3. According to the acoustic signal flight time obtained in step S2, based on the spatial coefficient matrix, the spatial temperature field is reconstructed to obtain the three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace, specifically:

[0091] Since the sound wave propagation speed is positively correlated with the temperature, the three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace is constructed according to the single spatial grid sound wave signal flight time obtained in step S2.

[0092] S4. According to the three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace hearth obtained in step S3, the three-dimensional temperature of the metallurgical furnace is measured.

[0093] The method of the present invention is described below in conjunction with an embodiment:

[0094] Select the pyrometallurgical copper smelting furnace as the application scenario, select a single acoustic transducer with a power of 15kHz and a power of 2600W, and arrange 5 layers of acoustic transducers with equal spacing around the inner wall of the furnace in the test area, and the order of starting the acoustic transducers for the first 18 times of a measurement process is: A 33 , B 33 , A 34 , B 34 , A 24 , B 24 , A 23 , B 23 , A 22 , B 22 , A 32 , B 32 , A 42 , B 42 , A 43 , B 43 , A 44 , B 44 The impulse response function model fitting envelope function optimization process sets the population size to 200, the total number of cycles to 1000, the initial scaling factor to 0.1, and the initial crossover probability to 0.5. Through the actual measurement comparison of disposable cement thermocouples, the error of the method of the present invention is within 15%, which meets the core equipment requirements of non-ferrous metal pyrometallurgy.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional temperature measurement method for a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Arrange an acoustic wave transducer in the area to be tested in the furnace of a metallurgical furnace; S2. Using the acoustic transducer arranged in step S1, the acoustic wave flight time is captured to obtain the acoustic wave signal flight time; S3. Reconstruct the spatial temperature field based on the spatial coefficient matrix according to the acoustic signal flight time obtained in step S2 to obtain the three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace; S4. According to the three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace hearth obtained in step S3, the three-dimensional temperature of the metallurgical furnace is measured.

2. The three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on the spatial acoustic wave correction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S1 is specifically as follows: several layers of acoustic wave transducers are arranged at equal distances in the area to be tested of the metallurgical furnace, and each layer of acoustic wave transducers is installed at equal distances on the inner wall of the metallurgical furnace, and the distance is equal to the interlayer spacing between two adjacent layers of acoustic wave transducers; the acoustic wave transducers are wrapped by a cooling water jacket; the direction parallel to the inner wall of the furnace is selected as the x-axis in the horizontal plane, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, and the acoustic wave transducers are numbered.

3. The three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The acoustic wave flight time capture is specifically as follows: designing a transmitting signal, using an acoustic wave transducer to transmit the signal in a preset order, extracting the echo signal envelope, separating the peak time corresponding to the echo signal, and obtaining the acoustic wave flight time by weighted average.

4. The three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The specific sequence of the acoustic transducer signal emission is as follows: select any furnace vertical plane A where the acoustic transducer is located as the reference, take the acoustic transducer A at the center of the plane ij The sound wave is emitted from the starting point. After completing one sound wave emission, the sound wave transducer B at the corresponding position of the adjacent plane B is taken in the clockwise direction. ij To transmit sound waves, the sound wave transducers in the vertical planes of the two metallurgical furnaces marked as A and B complete the sound wave transmission at one time in the form of the Fibonacci curve; when a vertical plane sound wave transducer transmits a sound wave signal, the sound wave transducers in the same plane do not work, and the other sound wave transducers are all receiving ends.

5. The three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The transmitted signal s(t) is expressed by the following formula: s(t)=|sin(t) Where t is time and 0≤t≤2π; The echo signal envelope is extracted using Hilbert transform, which is expressed by the following formula: Where x(t) is the echo signal; H[x(t)] is the Hilbert transform of the echo signal; D is the signal emission interval; n(τ) is the correction function, which characterizes the average noise of the core equipment metallurgical furnace during operation; the impulse response function is used to fit the excitation process analytical signal, which is expressed by the following formula: Among them, F(t) is the envelope function of the echo signal; z(t) is the projection phase of the echo signal; j is the imaginary operator; the envelope function F(t) is fitted with the impulse response function model, which is expressed by the following formula: Among them, z * is the envelope fitting function; F0 is the first characteristic coefficient; Δ is the second characteristic coefficient; δ is the third characteristic coefficient; α is the fourth characteristic coefficient; n * (τ) is the envelope amplitude rate correction function; the design characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) is expressed by the following formula: f(x)=s(t * )-z * Among them, t * is the normalized time variable and The optimized differential evolution method is used to solve the characteristic coefficient combination that minimizes the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) and obtain the potential optimal solution, which is expressed by the following formula: X i =(X i,1 (N),X i,2 (N),X i,3 (N),X i,4 (N)) Among them, X i is the potential optimal solution and 1≤i≤M; M is the number of individuals in the solution space, each individual is a 4-dimensional vector; X i,1 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient F0, X i,2 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient Δ, X i,3 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient δ, X i,4 (N) corresponds to the characteristic coefficient α; N is the number of iterations.

6. The three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The optimized differential evolution method comprises the following steps: a. Adaptive variation of optimal solution: Among them, X i (N) is the current optimal solution; is the result after the optimal solution is mutated; and is an individual solution randomly selected during the Nth cycle and rand≠i; K is the scaling factor, calculated using the following formula: Among them, f i (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X i (N) corresponding fitness; f p (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X p (N) corresponding fitness; f q (N) is the characteristic coefficient fitness function f(x) takes X q (N) corresponding fitness; b. Adaptive crossover and selection of optimal solution: in, is the individual solution after adaptive crossover; H i (N) is the average value of the three individual solutions with the closest fitness; Ra is a random number in the interval [0,1]; cr is the crossover probability, which is expressed by the following formula: Among them, cr1 is the current crossover probability of the individual solution; is the fitness of the individual solution after completing the adaptive mutation; f i is the average fitness of all current individual solutions; cr max is the upper limit of the crossover probability cr; cr min is the lower limit of the crossover probability cr; the new individual solution X is expressed using the following formula i (N+1): in, The individual solution after completing the mutation crossover process Adaptability; The individual solution X before the mutation crossover process i Adaptability; c. After the selection is completed, the mutation, crossover, and selection processes are repeated until the number of cycles N reaches the preset value.

7. The three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Substitute the obtained optimal characteristic coefficient back into the envelope fitting function z * , and take the derivative with respect to time t and let (z*)'=0, solve t to obtain the time t1 and t2 when z(t) reaches the maximum and second maximum values, then the acoustic signal flight time t of a single receiving end is f It can be expressed as follows: Among them, Max{·} is the maximum value operation; Min{·} is the minimum value operation.

8. The three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on a spatial acoustic wave correction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The design selects vertical plane A, vertical plane B and the bottom surface as the reference, and divides the measurement space into α equal in size. 3 grid spaces; select the grid space adjacent to the vertical plane A and the vertical plane B in the lowest layer as the base initial number (1,1), take the x-axis in the positive direction, and number it from left to right and from bottom to top according to the first digit of the number, and the second digit is numbered from left to right and from bottom to top, with the maximum number being (α,α); take the grid space adjacent to the vertical plane A and the vertical plane B in the lowest layer as the origin, and number the sound wave flight time in the grid from left to right and from bottom to top along the x-axis as (f1,f2,...,f α3 ), then the flight time of a single spatial grid is expressed by the following formula: Among them, α ij is the sound wave flight time t f The actual distance through the jth spatial grid of the i-th layer; t fε is the flight time between the transmitting end and the receiving end of the acoustic wave transducer in one measurement cycle, where ε is an integer and 0<ε≤α 3 .

9. The three-dimensional temperature measurement method of a metallurgical furnace based on the spatial acoustic wave correction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S3 is specifically as follows: since the acoustic wave propagation velocity is positively correlated with the temperature, a three-dimensional temperature field of the metallurgical furnace is constructed according to the single spatial grid acoustic wave signal flight time obtained in step S2.

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