Water turbine and centrifugal pump testing device with adjustable structure and testing method

Abstract

The invention relates to a water turbine and centrifugal pump testing device with an adjustable structure and a testing method.The device comprises a simulation water turbine, a centrifugal pump, a reservoir and a transfer pool, a centrifugal pump inlet pipeline is connected with the transfer pool, a centrifugal pump outlet pipeline is connected with the reservoir, a simulation water turbine inlet is connected with the reservoir, and a simulation water turbine outlet is connected with the transfer pool; a water turbine circulation loop is formed; the reservoir is higher than the simulated water turbine; the simulated water turbine is provided with a movable guide vane with an adjustable opening degree; an overflow plate is arranged in the reservoir and divides the reservoir into a water storage area and a transfer area, an outlet pipeline of the centrifugal pump and the simulated water turbine are both connected with the water storage area, and the bottom of the transfer area is connected with the transfer pool through a pipeline; according to the testing device, the common relation between a water turbine related test and a centrifugal pump related test is fully considered, two fluid mechanical testing devices are integrated, and the water turbine related test and the centrifugal pump related test can be carried out through one set of device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a test device and a test method for a water turbine and a centrifugal pump with an adjustable structure, and belongs to the technical field of fluid machinery testing. Background Art

[0002] A water turbine is a hydraulic prime mover that converts water energy into mechanical energy. It is widely used in power generation, irrigation and water conservancy projects. It is usually referred to as a water turbine generator set together with a generator. The exploitable installed capacity of my country's hydropower resources is about 660 million kilowatts, and the exploitable installed capacity in the southwest region is about 450 million kilowatts, accounting for 68% of the country. It has huge development potential, among which high-head hydropower resources are abundant. However, its current development level is extremely low, only about 1% of the technically exploitable amount. The main challenges it faces are the extremely large head drop and high sediment content.

[0003] With the advancement of science and technology, the test equipment of fluid machinery has been continuously updated and updated, and both the innovation and automation have been significantly improved. However, since the actual size of the turbine is very large, the structure is complex, and a large head drop is required for stable operation, it is very difficult to conduct tests on a turbine unit of actual size. In addition, fluid machinery is an important content in higher engineering education, and fluid machinery testing is an indispensable part of the teaching and scientific research process. The development of test equipment can provide an important means for teaching and scientific research, especially the development of visual test equipment can greatly improve students' intuitive understanding of the internal flow of fluid machinery.

[0004] However, the current fluid machinery testing equipment mainly has the following problems:

[0005] (1) The device has a single function;

[0006] Fluid machinery testing is mainly a mechanical test that uses fluid as a medium for energy conversion, including prime movers such as turbines that convert the kinetic energy of fluid into mechanical energy, and working machines such as centrifugal pumps that convert mechanical energy into fluid kinetic energy.

[0007] On the one hand, of the two types of fluid machinery, centrifugal pumps and turbines are devices with similar structures and can operate simultaneously in an integrated system. The piping systems in a separate centrifugal pump test device and a separate turbine test device are very similar. Repeated construction causes economic waste and takes up more laboratory space. It is of great significance to integrate the two devices into one system.

[0008] On the other hand, the structure of the existing test device is difficult to adjust, and it is impossible to study the law of flow changes caused by structural changes. In addition, the test functions that can be achieved by external conditions are relatively single, and the number of tests that can be performed under the same set of equipment is relatively small, and the cost performance is low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a test device with adjustable structure.

[0009] (2) The interior cannot be seen;

[0010] Most of the existing fluid machinery test devices are used to study external characteristics, but cannot study the internal flow of the flow-passing parts of the device, and it is difficult to improve the structure of the fluid machinery based on the internal flow. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the performance and structural strength of centrifugal pumps and turbines, the development of a visual test device is of great significance for studying the internal flow laws of centrifugal pumps and turbines and developing high-performance centrifugal pumps and turbines.

[0011] (3) The device is bulky;

[0012] The existing fluid machinery test equipment is large in size and occupies a lot of space. Therefore, it is of great significance to save test space by reducing the size of the equipment in proportion to the similarity criterion and developing a miniaturized test equipment.

[0013] The existence of the above problems not only affects the effect of fluid machinery experimental teaching, but also hinders the improvement of scientific research level. Summary of the invention

[0014] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a device and a test method for integrating turbine-related tests and centrifugal pump-related tests.

[0015] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution proposed in the present invention is: a turbine and centrifugal pump test device with an adjustable structure, including a simulated turbine, a centrifugal pump, a water reservoir and a transfer tank, the centrifugal pump inlet pipeline is connected to the transfer tank, the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline is connected to the water reservoir, the simulated turbine inlet is connected to the water reservoir, and the simulated turbine outlet is connected to the transfer tank to form a turbine circulation loop; the height of the water reservoir is higher than the height of the simulated turbine; the simulated turbine is provided with movable guide vanes with adjustable opening.

[0016] An overflow plate is arranged in the water reservoir, and the overflow plate divides the water reservoir into a water storage area and a transfer area. The centrifugal pump outlet pipeline and the simulated water turbine are both connected to the water storage area, and the bottom of the transfer area is connected to the transfer tank through a pipeline.

[0017] The simulated water turbine comprises a volute assembly, a rotor assembly, a rotor main shaft, a main shaft fixing ring, a seat ring guide vane, a movable guide vane adjustment assembly, a torque adjustment assembly, a torque speed sensor and a draft tube assembly;

[0018] The main shaft fixing ring and the draft tube assembly are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the volute assembly, the torque speed sensor is connected to the rotor main shaft, and the torque adjustment assembly is arranged on the main shaft fixing ring;

[0019] The movable guide vane adjustment assembly comprises a control ring, a servomotor, a movable guide vane rotating shaft and a guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring, wherein the control ring is connected to the inner side of the servomotor, the outer side of the servomotor is connected to the movable guide vane rotating shaft, the lower part of the movable guide vane rotating shaft is connected to the movable guide vane, and the movable guide vane rotating shaft passes through the guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring;

[0020] The volute assembly is divided into an upper volute and a lower volute, the seat ring guide vane is arranged in the lower volute, and the movable guide vane is arranged on the reserved positioning groove of the lower volute through the reserved positioning pile at the lower part; the guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring is arranged in the groove reserved on the upper side of the upper volute;

[0021] The movable guide vane rotation shaft is arranged in the reserved hole of the upper volute, and the movable guide vane is arranged in the seat ring guide vane;

[0022] A sealing ring reserved groove is arranged on the rotor assembly, and an upper stationary sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring reserved groove. The upper stationary sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring reserved groove of the upper volute.

[0023] The centrifugal pump comprises a centrifugal pump volute assembly, a motor and an impeller assembly;

[0024] The centrifugal pump volute assembly comprises a front volute of the centrifugal pump and a rear volute of the centrifugal pump. The rear volute is provided with a reserved hole. The motor main shaft passes through the rear volute reserved hole and is connected to the rear volute through a mechanical seal. The main shaft of the motor is connected to the impeller assembly.

[0025] The water reservoir is connected to the simulated turbine inlet through a turbine water diversion pipeline, a first ball valve is provided between the water reservoir and the turbine water diversion pipeline, and the simulated turbine outlet is connected to the transfer tank through a tailwater pipe outlet pipeline; the transfer tank is connected to the centrifugal pump through a centrifugal pump inlet pipeline, a second ball valve and a third ball valve are provided between the transfer tank and the centrifugal pump inlet pipeline, a total outlet pipeline is provided between the second ball valve and the third ball valve, the total outlet pipeline is connected to the tailwater tank, and a sixth ball valve is provided on the total outlet pipeline; a fourth ball valve is provided on the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline; the bottom of the transfer area is connected to the transfer tank through a transfer pipeline, and a fifth ball valve is provided on the transfer pipeline.

[0026] The turbine water diversion pipeline is inclined at an angle of 30° to 45° with respect to the horizontal direction.

[0027] The test device also includes a measuring system, which includes a turbine inlet pressure gauge, a turbine outlet pressure gauge, a centrifugal pump inlet pressure machine, a centrifugal pump outlet pressure gauge, a turbine torque speed sensor and a centrifugal pump torque speed sensor, a centrifugal pump flow meter and a turbine flow meter. The turbine inlet pressure gauge is arranged at the turbine water diversion pipeline near the turbine inlet; the turbine outlet pressure gauge is arranged at the tailwater pipe outlet pipeline near the outlet. The centrifugal pump inlet pressure gauge is arranged at the centrifugal pump inlet pipeline near the centrifugal pump inlet; the centrifugal pump outlet pressure gauge is arranged at the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline near the outlet; the turbine torque speed sensor is arranged on the rotor main shaft; the centrifugal pump torque speed sensor is arranged on the motor main shaft. The centrifugal pump flow meter is arranged at the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline 12 times the pipe diameter away from the outlet, and the turbine flow meter is arranged at the tailwater pipe outlet pipeline 12 times the pipe diameter away from the outlet.

[0028] The turbine volute assembly, the centrifugal pump volute assembly and each pipeline are all made of light-transmitting organic glass.

[0029] The test device also includes a high-speed camera system, which includes a high-speed camera, a cold light source and a monitor. The cold light source is placed on the lower side of the simulated water turbine to provide a light source. The high-speed camera is used to photograph the simulated water turbine. The monitor is connected to the high-speed camera through a conductive line to present the images taken by the high-speed camera.

[0030] The test method of the above adjustable structure hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device, wherein the hydraulic turbine test comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Add a sufficient amount of test medium to the water storage area of ​​the water storage tank, open the second ball valve 34, the third ball valve 33, the fourth ball valve 26 and the fifth ball valve 30, and after the test medium partially flows into the transfer tank and the centrifugal pump, open the centrifugal pump to pump the test medium back to the water storage tank;

[0032] Step 2, continue to add the test medium to the water storage area of ​​the water storage tank until the test medium passes over the overflow plate and enters the transfer area, and then enters the transfer tank through the transfer pipeline; open the first ball valve, and the test medium enters the simulated turbine; and make the liquid level in the water storage tank stable;

[0033] Step 3: After the simulated turbine runs stably, the relevant parameters of the turbine are recorded by the measurement system;

[0034] Step 4, close the first ball valve, adjust the opening of the movable guide vane or the torque of the turbine rotor main shaft, and repeat steps 2 and 3;

[0035] The centrifugal pump test includes the following steps:

[0036] Step a, adding a sufficient amount of test medium into the transfer tank;

[0037] Step b, open the second ball valve, the third ball valve, the fourth ball valve and the fifth ball valve, wait for the test medium to fill the centrifugal pump inlet pipe, and start the centrifugal pump;

[0038] Step c, after the centrifugal pump runs stably, recording the relevant parameters of the centrifugal pump through the measuring system;

[0039] Step d, adjust the second ball valve to adjust the flow rate and repeat step c.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0041] (1) The test device of the present invention fully considers the common relationship between turbine-related tests and centrifugal pump-related tests, integrates the two fluid machinery test devices, and realizes the integration of device functions. A set of devices can carry out multiple tests, thereby saving the investment in test device funds.

[0042] (2) The flow-passing components, centrifugal pumps, turbines and pipelines of the test device of the present invention are all made of plexiglass, which realizes the visualization of the flow in the entire flow basin, thereby achieving the purpose of directly observing the internal flow of the centrifugal pump and turbine, revealing the internal flow laws of the turbine and centrifugal pump, and providing an important test means for solving problems in actual engineering (such as reduced efficiency and shortened service life due to wear and damage).

[0043] (3) The test device of the present invention has the function of adjusting the internal structure of the turbine and has the ability to adjust a variety of test conditions. Comparative tests of a variety of conditions can be carried out on a set of equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 It is a top view schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a visualized water turbine device in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotor main shaft and movable guide vanes in the present invention.

[0048] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a visualized centrifugal pump device in the present invention.

[0049] Figure 6 It is a system schematic diagram of the high-speed camera technology in the present invention.

[0050] In the figure: 1. Motor assembly, 2. Centrifugal pump test device, 3. Centrifugal pump outlet pressure gauge, 4. Centrifugal pump inlet pressure gauge, 5. Control cabinet, 6. Return pipe support frame 2, 7. Turbine inlet pressure gauge, 8. Return pipe support frame 1, 9. Reservoir, 10. Overflow plate, 11. Reservoir bracket, 12. Upstream placement table, 13. Tailwater tank, 14. Transfer tank bracket, 15. Flow stabilizer, 16. Transfer tank, 17. Turbine outlet pressure gauge, 18. Tailwater assembly, 19. Tailwater assembly bracket, 20. Turbine bracket, 21. Test bench, 22. Simulated turbine test device, 23. Centrifugal pump inlet pipeline, 24. Centrifugal pump torque speed sensor, 25. Centrifugal pump outlet pipeline, 26. Fourth ball valve, 27. Centrifugal pump flow meter, 28. Return pipeline, 29. Transfer pipe , 30. Fifth ball valve, 31. Sixth ball valve, 32. Total outlet pipeline, 33. Third ball valve, 34. Second ball valve, 35. Turbine flowmeter, 36. Tailwater pipe outlet pipeline, 37. Turbine water diversion pipeline, 38. First ball valve, 39. Turbine upper volute, 40. Turbine lower volute, 41. Rotor main shaft, 42. Torque adjustment device, 43. Turbine torque speed sensor, 44. Main shaft fixing ring, 45. Control ring, 46. Relay, 47. Guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring, 48. Active guide vane rotating shaft, 49. Active guide vane, 50. Rotor blade, 51. Main shaft sealing device, 52. Upper stationary sealing ring, 53. Centrifugal pump rear volute, 54. Centrifugal pump impeller, 55. Centrifugal pump front volute, 56. High-speed camera, 57. Monitor, 58. Cold light source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0052] Embodiment 1

[0053] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a mixed flow turbine and centrifugal pump visualization test device with adjustable structure of this embodiment includes a piping system, a simulated turbine test device 22 that can be used for mixed flow turbine visualization test, a centrifugal pump test device 2 that can be used for centrifugal pump visualization test, a data measurement system and a high-speed camera system.

[0054] The pipeline system includes a water storage tank 9, a water turbine water diversion pipeline 37, a tailwater pipe outlet pipeline 36, a transfer tank 16, a main outlet pipeline 32, a centrifugal pump inlet pipeline 23, a centrifugal pump outlet pipeline 25, a return pipeline 28 and a transfer pipeline 29;

[0055] The water storage tank 9 is connected to the simulated turbine test device 22 through a turbine water diversion pipeline 37, with a first ball valve 38 in the middle, and the other end of the simulated turbine test device 22 is connected to the transfer tank 16 through a tailwater pipe outlet pipeline 36; the transfer tank is connected to the centrifugal pump test device 2 through a centrifugal pump inlet pipeline 23, with a second ball valve 34 and a third ball valve 33 in the middle, and a total outlet pipeline 32 leading to the tailwater tank 13 is arranged between the second ball valve 34 and the third ball valve 33, and a sixth ball valve 31 is arranged on the total outlet pipeline 32; the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline 25 is connected to the return pipeline 28, and the other end is connected to the water storage tank 9 to form a cycle;

[0056] An overflow plate 10 is provided in the water storage tank 9, and the overflow plate divides the water storage tank into a water storage area and a transfer area. The centrifugal pump outlet pipeline and the simulated turbine are connected to the water storage area. A transfer pipeline 29 is provided at the bottom of the transfer area, which is connected to the transfer tank 16. The setting of the transfer pipeline 29 can achieve the stability of the water flow upstream of the turbine and conduct a separate visualization test of the centrifugal pump. The transfer tank 16 is placed on the transfer tank bracket 14, and a flow stabilizing plate 15 is provided inside.

[0057] In this embodiment, the pipeline system is made of organic glass, which has high transparency and good light transmittance, is convenient for visual testing, can clearly observe the flow of fluid, and the arrangement of the pipeline can realize various fluid mechanics test functions. Each regulating valve is a ball valve that cooperates with each pipeline through a plate flat welding flange or a threaded flange to allow the medium to pass smoothly and ensure good sealing.

[0058] The water reservoir 9 is placed on the upstream placement platform 12, and the turbine water diversion pipeline 37 is connected to the water reservoir 9 and the visualized turbine 22 through flanges. The turbine water diversion pipeline 37 is at an angle of 30° to 45° with the horizontal direction, and the water head difference between the water reservoir and the visualized turbine is 1.2m.

[0059] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 The visualized simulated turbine test device 22 is placed on the turbine bracket 20, including a volute assembly, a rotor assembly, a rotor main shaft 41, a main shaft fixing ring 44, a movable guide vane 49, a movable guide vane adjustment assembly, a torque adjustment assembly, a turbine torque speed sensor 43, and a tailwater pipe assembly. The upper volute 39, the lower volute 40, the flange and the optical compensation box are made of organic glass with good light transmittance, and they are bonded with high-strength glue. The turbine inlet and the flange are reinforced with reinforcing bolts to ensure the strength of the organic glass model; the upper and lower volute structures are complex and are processed by mold opening technology; the rotor runner and the movable guide vane are small in size and are processed by 3D printing technology; the visualized turbine model is reduced based on the real mixed flow turbine according to the similarity theory; the tailwater pipe assembly inlet is connected to the turbine outlet and is placed on the tailwater assembly bracket 19.

[0060] The main shaft fixing ring 44 and the tailwater pipe assembly are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the volute assembly, the turbine torque and speed sensor 43 is connected to the rotor main shaft 41 , and the torque adjustment assembly is arranged on the main shaft fixing ring 44 .

[0061] The volute assembly is divided into an upper volute 39 of the turbine and a lower volute 40 of the turbine. The seat ring guide vane is arranged in the lower volute 40 of the turbine. The movable guide vane 49 is arranged on the reserved positioning groove of the lower volute 40 of the turbine through the reserved positioning pile at the lower part; the guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring is arranged in the groove reserved on the upper side of the upper volute 39 of the turbine, the movable guide vane rotating shaft is arranged in the reserved hole of the upper volute, and the movable guide vane 49 is arranged in the seat ring guide vane.

[0062] The movable guide vane adjustment assembly of this embodiment includes a control ring 45, a relay 46, a movable guide vane rotating shaft 48 and a movable guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring 47, wherein the control ring is connected to the inner side of the relay, the outer side of the relay is connected to the movable guide vane rotating shaft 48, the lower part of the movable guide vane rotating shaft 48 is connected to the movable guide vane 49, the movable guide vane rotating shaft passes through the movable guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring 47, and the movable guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring 47 is arranged in a groove reserved on the upper side of the upper volute. There are 22 movable guide vane blades in total, and the rotating control ring 45 drives the movable guide vane rotating shaft 48 to rotate through the relay 46, thereby driving the movable guide vane 49 to rotate, and the movable guide vane opening can be adjusted from 0% to 95%.

[0063] The rotor assembly is provided with a sealing ring reserved groove, and an upper stationary sealing ring 52 is provided in the sealing ring reserved groove, and the upper stationary sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring reserved groove of the upper volute; it also includes a rotor main shaft sealing device 51, and the rotor main shaft sealing device is arranged on the rotor main shaft. A torque adjustment device 42 is installed in the middle section of the rotor main shaft 41, and the friction is increased by rotating the threaded knob to adjust the pressure of the device on the rotor main shaft, so that the torque of the water body driving the impeller to rotate becomes larger. A torque speed sensor 43 is installed at the end of the rotor main shaft.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, the visualized centrifugal pump test device 2 of this embodiment includes a centrifugal pump volute assembly, a motor assembly 1, a motor main shaft, a motor support frame and an impeller assembly, wherein the motor is arranged on the motor support frame, and the motor main shaft is connected to the impeller assembly. The volute assembly includes a front volute and a rear volute. The volute assembly, flange and optical compensation box are made of plexiglass, the front and rear volutes are bonded with high-strength glue, and the front volute and flange of the centrifugal pump are reinforced with reinforcing bolts to ensure the strength of the model pump. The volute with complex structure is processed by mold opening technology, and the impeller with smaller size is processed by 3D printing technology. The visualized centrifugal pump model is reduced based on the real centrifugal pump according to the similarity theory.

[0065] The data measurement system of this embodiment includes a turbine inlet pressure gauge 7, a turbine outlet pressure gauge 17, a centrifugal pump inlet pressure machine 4, a centrifugal pump outlet pressure gauge 3, a turbine torque speed sensor 43, a centrifugal pump torque speed sensor 24, a centrifugal pump flow meter 27 and a turbine flow meter 35. The turbine inlet pressure gauge is arranged at the turbine water diversion pipeline 37 near the turbine inlet, and the turbine outlet pressure gauge is arranged at the tailwater pipe outlet pipeline 36 near the outlet; the centrifugal pump inlet pressure gauge is arranged at the centrifugal pump inlet pipeline 23 near the centrifugal pump inlet, and the centrifugal pump outlet pressure gauge is arranged at the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline 25 near the outlet; the turbine torque speed sensor is arranged on the rotor main shaft 41, and the centrifugal pump torque speed sensor is arranged on the motor main shaft; the centrifugal pump flow meter is arranged at the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline 25 at 12 times the pipe diameter away from the outlet, and the turbine flow meter is arranged at the tailwater pipe outlet pipeline 35 at 12 times the pipe diameter away from the outlet.

[0066] In this embodiment, each control component is controlled by a control cabinet 5 .

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, the high-speed camera system of this embodiment includes a high-speed camera 56, a cold light source 58 and a monitor 57. The cold light source illuminates the centrifugal pump test device 2 or the turbine test device 22. The high-speed camera shoots the visualized centrifugal pump or the visualized turbine and transmits the shot image to the monitor for presentation.

[0068] In this embodiment, a bracket is used to place the high-speed camera i-SPEED 3 in a suitable position, and then the internal flow state of the centrifugal pump or turbine is captured; in order to ensure that the high-speed camera can still capture clear images at a higher shooting frequency, a cold light source device with a model of HLS-30 and a power of 250W is used for fill light processing; when shooting, the high-speed camera lens should be kept vertical to the impeller, and the shooting position should be placed in the center of the shooting screen as much as possible; the captured image is displayed and saved on the monitor.

[0069] Embodiment 2:

[0070] This embodiment uses the test device of the first embodiment to carry out the turbine opening curve test, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0071] 1) Clear the debris in the water reservoir 9 and add sufficient water or other test medium into the reservoir.

[0072] 2) Open the second ball valve 34, the third ball valve 33, the fourth ball valve 26 and the fifth ball valve 30; wait for the test medium to flow into the transfer tank 16 to a certain height and enter the pump body through the pump inlet pipe 23. After the motor main shaft and the centrifugal pump impeller 54 are left in the water for a period of time, turn on the centrifugal pump motor 1 and slowly adjust the speed until the medium reaches the return pipe.

[0073] 3) Add an appropriate amount of test medium to the transfer tank 9 until the liquid level on the left side of the water storage tank is higher than the overflow plate 10 and flows into the right side, and enters the transfer tank 16 through the transfer pipeline 28. At this time, open the first ball valve 38. In this method, the water level is first kept at a stable position by a centrifugal pump, and then the first ball valve is opened, which can ensure that the water level upstream of the turbine is kept at a stable position, which meets the actual working conditions of the turbine.

[0074] 4) After the turbine 22 runs stably, record the data of the turbine inlet pressure gauge 7, the turbine outlet pressure gauge 17, the turbine flow meter 35 and the torque speed sensor 43. And adjust the first ball valve 38 until the turbine speed reaches the test condition, which is recorded as n.

[0075] 5) Slowly adjust the speed of the centrifugal pump motor 1 to 0, close the first ball valve 38, and according to the guide vane opening scale marked on the main shaft fixed ring 44, turn the movable guide vane control ring 45 to drive the relay 46 to adjust the opening of the movable guide vane 49; open the first ball valve, repeat steps 3) and 4), and record the opening and the data of each measuring device. The guide vane opening is set from 10°

[0076] To 40°, every 2° interval is a test condition, that is: 10°, 12°, 14°, 16°, 18°, 20°, 22°, 24°, 26°, 28°, 30°, 32°, 34°, 36°, 38°, 40°.

[0078] 6) Adjust the first ball valve 38, monitor the turbine torque speed sensor 43, adjust until the stable speed reaches n, and repeat step 5).

[0079] 7) Open the sixth ball valve 31 and add appropriate amount of clean water to the water reservoir 9 and the transfer tank 16 to clean the flow area. After cleaning, turn off the motor 1, wait for the clean water to flow out, and close all ball valves.

[0080] 8) Generate the turbine opening characteristic curve (α0-Q, α0-η, α0-P) based on the recorded data, and analyze the influence of different openings of the turbine guide vanes on the internal flow conditions of the turbine.

[0081] Where Q is the flow rate of the turbine, which refers to the amount of water passing through a given flow section of the turbine per unit time; P is the flow rate of the turbine

[0082] The output of the turbine refers to the power output from the main shaft end of the turbine. The calculation method is shown in formula (1):

[0083] P=γQHη (1)

[0084] Among them, H is the water head of the turbine, which refers to the difference in unit weight water flow energy between the inlet section and the outlet section of the turbine.

[0085] The basic expression is shown in formula (2):

[0086]

[0087] Where: E——energy per unit weight of water, m;

[0088] Z——the height of the position relative to a certain reference surface, m;

[0089] p——relative pressure, Pa;

[0090] V——average flow velocity in the section, m / s;

[0091] α——cross-section kinetic energy non-uniformity coefficient;

[0092] γ——Specific gravity of water, 9810N / m 3 ;

[0093] g——acceleration due to gravity, 9.81m / s 2 .

[0094] η represents the efficiency of the turbine, and its basic expression is shown in formula (3):

[0095]

[0096] Among them, P n Indicates the input power of the turbine, which refers to the total energy of the water flow passing through the turbine per unit. The basic expression is

[0097] The formula is shown in formula (4):

[0098] P n =γQH (4)

[0099] The model turbine efficiency is shown in formula (5):

[0100]

[0101] Embodiment three:

[0102] This embodiment adopts the test device of embodiment 1 to carry out the turbine output efficiency test, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0103] 1) Similar to Example 2, add the test medium and open the corresponding ball valve, and turn on the motor to circulate the flow.

[0104] 2) After the turbine 22 runs stably, the data of the turbine inlet pressure gauge 7, the turbine outlet pressure gauge 17, the turbine flow meter 35 and the torque speed sensor 43 are recorded.

[0105] 3) Slowly adjust the centrifugal pump motor speed to 0, close the first ball valve 38, and increase the pressure of the device on the turbine rotor main shaft 41 by adjusting the knob of the torque adjustment device 42, thereby increasing the friction between the rotor main shaft 41 and the torque adjustment device 42, so as to simulate the aging of the main shaft or the increase of the rotating torque of the generator set. Open the first ball valve 38 and repeat the operation steps

[0106] 2) Record the data of each measuring device.

[0107] 4) Open the sixth ball valve 31 and add appropriate amount of clean water to the water reservoir 9 and the transfer tank 16 to clean the flow area. After cleaning, turn off the motor 1, wait for the clean water to flow out, and close all ball valves.

[0108] 5) Generate turbine output characteristic curve (PQ, P-η) based on the recorded data.

[0109] Embodiment 4:

[0110] This embodiment uses the test device of the first embodiment to perform visual measurement of the flow inside the turbine, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0111] 1) Clear the debris in the water reservoir 9, add a sufficient amount of water or other test medium into the reservoir, and select appropriate tracer particles to add into the water reservoir 9.

[0112] 2) Take the center point of the turbine rotor as the origin, draw parallel lines of the horizontal frame and the vertical frame of the turbine test device on the cross section of the turbine, and divide the cross section of the turbine into four test areas. Figure 6 The high-speed camera system shown in the figure is installed, and all instruments and equipment are checked to see if they are normal. The high-speed camera 56 is installed at a position where the cross section of the shooting area extends downward vertically, and the lens is aimed at a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the turbine. The lens is 40 cm away from the cross section of the area to be tested. The cold light source is installed at the same horizontal line as the high-speed camera, and is aimed at the area to be tested from the side to ensure the brightness of the shooting picture.

[0113] 3) Use theory combined with actual experimental conditions to select the appropriate shooting frequency.

[0114] The estimation formula of shooting frequency is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] Where: f——shooting frequency, frame / s;

[0117] n——rotor speed, r / min;

[0118] α——rotor rotation angle, degrees.

[0119] According to formula (1), the shooting frequency at each rotation speed is shown in Table 1.

[0120] Table 1 Shooting frequency at different rotation speeds

[0121]

[0122] The selection of shooting frequency generally follows the principle of ensuring that the clear movement trajectory of the tracer particles inside the centrifugal pump can be captured during the test, and then selecting the lowest value within the shooting frequency range. Combining the rated speed of the turbine with the shooting frequency specified by the camera, the shooting frequency is selected as 4000 frames / s.

[0123] The formula for the blur amount b of the captured image is as follows:

[0124] b=tvMcosθ (7)

[0125] In this formula, t represents the exposure time, s; v represents the moving speed of the photographed object, m / s; θ represents the angle between the moving direction of the object and the photographed plane; M represents the shooting magnification, M = f d / L.

[0126] When shooting a moving target, in order to obtain a clear trajectory map, the exposure time of the high-speed camera needs to meet the following requirements:

[0128]

[0129] Where l represents the pixel size in mm.

[0130] When selecting the exposure time, it is necessary to select the shortest exposure time possible within the range of the shooting brightness. When shooting the internal flow of the turbine, the exposure time of the high-speed camera is selected to be 0.1ms.

[0131] 4) Select a specific working condition as in Example 3 and perform the same test operation steps.

[0132] 5) The captured data is transmitted to the monitor 57 and processed and analyzed on a computer using high-speed photo processing software.

[0133] 6) Open the sixth ball valve 31 and add appropriate amount of clean water to the water reservoir 9 and the transfer tank 16 to clean the flow area. After cleaning, turn off the motor 1, wait for the clean water to flow out, and close all ball valves.

[0134] 7) Analyze the velocity and direction of the fluid in the turbine and verify the numerical simulation results.

[0135] Embodiment five:

[0136] The main steps of the turbine startup transient process test using the test device of the first embodiment are as follows:

[0137] 1) Perform the same preparation operation as in Example 4, add the test medium and open the corresponding ball valve, and turn on the motor to circulate the flow.

[0138] 2) When the water level in the reservoir 9 is stable, open the first ball valve 38 and mark the time as time -1.

[0139] 3) When the test medium reaches the turbine inlet pressure gauge 7, the pressure counter value changes, and the time at this moment is marked as time 0, the high-speed camera is started and the shooting begins. Starting from time 0, the values ​​of the turbine inlet pressure gauge 7, the turbine outlet pressure gauge 17, and the turbine torque speed sensor 43 are recorded every 50ms.

[0140] 4) Based on the data measured in step 3), generate a graph of instantaneous changes in turbine inlet and outlet pressure, speed and torque over time.

[0141] 5) Analyze the medium flow during the turbine startup transition process based on the shooting results of the high-speed camera system, study its characteristics, and compare it with the instantaneous change curve drawn in step 4) to analyze the medium flow law and the reasons for its occurrence during the startup transition process.

[0142] 6) Similar to the third embodiment, the torque adjustment device 42 is adjusted to increase the friction between the rotor main shaft 41 and the rotor main shaft 41, and the test of step 2) to step 5) is performed again.

[0143] 7) Draw the influence relationship curve between the main shaft rotation friction and the main shaft speed, torque, inlet and outlet pressure and turbine output efficiency during the startup transition process, analyze the water flow during the turbine startup transition process, as well as the solid-liquid two-phase flow characteristics and the distribution of particles during the startup transition process, and verify the numerical simulation results, analyze the flow of the medium, the instantaneous change analysis of the speed and torque of the turbine rotor main shaft, and the change law of the inlet and outlet pressure.

[0144] Embodiment six:

[0145] The main steps of the centrifugal pump external characteristic test using the test device of Example 1 in this embodiment are as follows:

[0146] 1) Clear the debris in the transfer tank 16 and add sufficient water or other test medium into the tank.

[0147] 2) Check whether all instruments and equipment are normal.

[0148] 3) Open the second ball valve 34 , the third ball valve 33 , the fourth ball valve 26 and the fifth ball valve 30 .

[0149] 4) After the medium fills the centrifugal pump inlet pipe 23 and the motor main shaft and the centrifugal pump impeller 54 are left in the water for a period of time, the motor 1 is started. The speed is adjusted to exhaust the air in the pipe.

[0150] 5) After the centrifugal pump runs stably, read the centrifugal pump inlet pressure gauge 4, centrifugal pump outlet pressure gauge 3, centrifugal pump flow meter 27

[0151] and the reading of the centrifugal pump torque speed sensor 24. Adjust the fourth ball valve 26 until the centrifugal pump flow meter reading reaches the test flow, and mark the flow at this time as Q.

[0152] 6) Adjust the second ball valve 34 to adjust the flow rate, repeat step 5), and record data such as flow rate, inlet and outlet pressures, torque and speed.

[0153] 7) Turn off the motor 1, open the sixth ball valve 31, and drain the test medium in the pipeline. Clean up the test site.

[0154] 8) Process the data to generate relevant performance curves of the centrifugal pump (HQ, η-Q, PQ).

[0155] The head H represents the energy increment of the unit weight of liquid pumped by the pump from the pump inlet to the pump outlet, and the unit is m. The calculation method is shown in formula 4:

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, p d 、p s Respectively represent the pressure at the outlet and inlet of the front induction cryogenic pump; v d 、v s Respectively represent the speed at the outlet and inlet of the front induction cryogenic pump; z d 、z s They respectively represent the distances from the outlet and inlet of the front induction cryogenic pump to the optional measurement reference plane.

[0158] Efficiency η is also one of the main performance parameters of centrifugal pumps, and its value is effective power P e The ratio of the output power of the pump to the shaft power P is shown in Formula 7. The output power of the pump represents the effective energy obtained by the medium transported from the front induction cryogenic pump in the pump per unit time, and the calculation method is shown in Formula 5. The shaft power is also called the input power, and its calculation method is shown in Formula 6.

[0159] P e =ρgQH (10)

[0160] P=P e +P m =2πnM T (11)

[0161]

[0162] Where: P m Indicates mechanical loss power, kW; M T Indicates the torque of the motor, N·m.

[0163] Embodiment seven:

[0164] This embodiment uses the test device of embodiment 1 to perform visual measurement of the flow inside the centrifugal pump, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0165] 1) Referring to the placement and setting of the high-speed camera system for visual measurement of internal flow of the turbine described in Example 4, with the center point of the impeller as the origin, parallel lines of the horizontal frame and the vertical frame of the centrifugal pump test device are drawn on the cross section of the centrifugal pump, and the cross section of the centrifugal pump is divided into four test areas. In this embodiment, the high-speed camera is placed horizontally, the lens direction is perpendicular to the test area of ​​the centrifugal pump, and the measurement distance is 50 cm from the cross section of the test area.

[0166] 2) Referring to the selection of the frequency and exposure time of the high-speed camera for visual measurement of internal flow of the turbine described in the fourth embodiment, a suitable camera frequency and exposure time are selected for the visual flow measurement test of the centrifugal pump.

[0167] 3) Start the visual centrifugal pump test device according to the relevant steps of the external characteristic test in Example 6, and conduct the test under the same flow conditions as in Example 6.

[0168] 4) The captured data is transmitted to the monitor 57 and processed and analyzed on a computer using high-speed photo processing software.

[0169] 5) Open the sixth ball valve 31 and add an appropriate amount of clean water to the transfer tank to clean the flow area. After cleaning, turn off the motor 1, wait for the clean water to flow out, and close all ball valves.

[0170] The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement methods fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with an adjustable structure, characterized in that: It includes a simulated water turbine, a centrifugal pump, a water reservoir and a transfer tank. The inlet pipeline of the centrifugal pump is connected to the transfer tank, the outlet pipeline of the centrifugal pump is connected to the water reservoir, the inlet of the simulated water turbine is connected to the water reservoir, and the outlet of the simulated water turbine is connected to the transfer tank to form a water turbine circulation loop; the height of the water reservoir is higher than the height of the simulated water turbine; the simulated water turbine is provided with movable guide vanes with adjustable opening.

2. The hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An overflow plate is arranged in the water reservoir, and the overflow plate divides the water reservoir into a water storage area and a transfer area. The centrifugal pump outlet pipeline and the simulated water turbine are both connected to the water storage area, and the bottom of the transfer area is connected to the transfer tank through a pipeline.

3. The hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The simulated water turbine comprises a volute assembly, a rotor assembly, a rotor main shaft, a main shaft fixing ring, a seat ring guide vane, a movable guide vane adjustment assembly, a torque adjustment assembly, a torque speed sensor and a draft tube assembly; The main shaft fixing ring and the draft tube assembly are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the volute assembly, the torque speed sensor is connected to the rotor main shaft, and the torque adjustment assembly is arranged on the main shaft fixing ring; The movable guide vane adjustment assembly comprises a control ring, a servomotor, a movable guide vane rotating shaft and a guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring, wherein the control ring is connected to the inner side of the servomotor, the outer side of the servomotor is connected to the movable guide vane rotating shaft, the lower part of the movable guide vane rotating shaft is connected to the movable guide vane, and the movable guide vane rotating shaft passes through the guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring; The volute assembly is divided into an upper volute and a lower volute, the seat ring guide vane is arranged in the lower volute, and the movable guide vane is arranged on the reserved positioning groove of the lower volute through the reserved positioning pile at the lower part; the guide vane rotating shaft fixing ring is arranged in the groove reserved on the upper side of the upper volute; The movable guide vane rotation shaft is arranged in the reserved hole of the upper volute, and the movable guide vane is arranged in the seat ring guide vane; A sealing ring reserved groove is arranged on the rotor assembly, and an upper stationary sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring reserved groove. The upper stationary sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring reserved groove of the upper volute.

4. The hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The centrifugal pump comprises a centrifugal pump volute assembly, a motor and an impeller assembly; The centrifugal pump volute assembly comprises a front volute of the centrifugal pump and a rear volute of the centrifugal pump. The rear volute is provided with a reserved hole. The motor main shaft passes through the rear volute reserved hole and is connected to the rear volute through a mechanical seal. The main shaft of the motor is connected to the impeller assembly.

5. The hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water reservoir is connected to the simulated turbine inlet through a turbine water diversion pipeline, a first ball valve is provided between the water reservoir and the turbine water diversion pipeline, and the simulated turbine outlet is connected to the transfer tank through a tailwater pipe outlet pipeline; the transfer tank is connected to the centrifugal pump through a centrifugal pump inlet pipeline, a second ball valve and a third ball valve are provided between the transfer tank and the centrifugal pump inlet pipeline, a total outlet pipeline is provided between the second ball valve and the third ball valve, the total outlet pipeline is connected to the tailwater tank, and a sixth ball valve is provided on the total outlet pipeline; a fourth ball valve is provided on the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline; the bottom of the transfer area is connected to the transfer tank through a transfer pipeline, and a fifth ball valve is provided on the transfer pipeline.

6. The hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The turbine water diversion pipeline is inclined at an angle of 30° to 45° with respect to the horizontal direction.

7. The hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a measuring system, which includes a turbine inlet pressure gauge, a turbine outlet pressure gauge, a centrifugal pump inlet pressure machine, a centrifugal pump outlet pressure gauge, a turbine torque speed sensor and a centrifugal pump torque speed sensor, a centrifugal pump flow meter and a turbine flow meter. The turbine inlet pressure gauge is arranged at the turbine water diversion pipeline near the turbine inlet; the turbine outlet pressure gauge is arranged at the tailwater pipe outlet pipeline near the outlet, the centrifugal pump inlet pressure gauge is arranged at the centrifugal pump inlet pipeline near the centrifugal pump inlet; the centrifugal pump outlet pressure gauge is arranged at the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline near the outlet; the turbine torque speed sensor is arranged on the rotor main shaft; the centrifugal pump torque speed sensor is arranged on the motor main shaft, the centrifugal pump flow meter is arranged at the centrifugal pump outlet pipeline 12 times the pipe diameter away from the outlet, and the turbine flow meter is arranged at the tailwater pipe outlet pipeline 12 times the pipe diameter away from the outlet.

8. The hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The turbine volute assembly, the centrifugal pump volute assembly and each pipeline are all made of light-transmitting organic glass.

9. The hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a high-speed camera system, which includes a high-speed camera, a cold light source and a monitor. The cold light source is placed on the lower side of the simulated water turbine to provide a light source. The high-speed camera is used to photograph the simulated water turbine. The monitor is connected to the high-speed camera through a conductive line to present the images taken by the high-speed camera.

10. A test method for the hydraulic turbine and centrifugal pump test device with adjustable structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The turbine test includes the following steps: Step 1: Add a sufficient amount of test medium to the water storage area of ​​the water storage tank, open the second ball valve 34, the third ball valve 33, the fourth ball valve 26 and the fifth ball valve 30, and after the test medium partially flows into the transfer tank and the centrifugal pump, open the centrifugal pump to pump the test medium back to the water storage tank; Step 2, continue to add the test medium to the water storage area of ​​the water storage tank until the test medium passes over the overflow plate and enters the transfer area, and then enters the transfer tank through the transfer pipeline; open the first ball valve, and the test medium enters the simulated turbine; and make the liquid level in the water storage tank stable; Step 3: After the simulated turbine runs stably, the relevant parameters of the turbine are recorded by the measurement system; Step 4, close the first ball valve, adjust the opening of the movable guide vane or the torque of the turbine rotor main shaft, and repeat steps 2 and 3; The centrifugal pump test includes the following steps: Step a, adding a sufficient amount of test medium into the transfer tank; Step b, open the second ball valve, the third ball valve, the fourth ball valve and the fifth ball valve, wait for the test medium to fill the centrifugal pump inlet pipe, and start the centrifugal pump; Step c, after the centrifugal pump runs stably, recording the relevant parameters of the centrifugal pump through the measuring system; Step d, adjust the second ball valve to adjust the flow rate and repeat step c.

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