A device and method for producing a layered and laminated rock body similar sample

Abstract

This invention discloses a device and method for preparing samples similar to bedding and lamellar rock masses. The device includes a base, a test chamber, a support frame, an angle adjustment frame, a drilling device, and a calibration device. The test chamber is a square box with an open top, detachable on both sides, and has four adjustable feet at the bottom. Two support frames are symmetrically positioned above two ground rails, with the angle adjustment frame located between them. The drilling device includes a motor mounting frame, a servo motor, a threaded drill rod, and a drill bit. The servo motor is mounted on the angle adjustment frame and drives the drill bit to rotate and move axially via the threaded drill rod. The calibration device includes two N-shaped calibration frames with two calibration plates between them. This invention enables multi-angle sampling above and to both sides of the rock mass model, allows for flexible adjustment of the drilling angle, and ensures the accuracy and consistency of the drilling angle through the calibration frames, thus improving sampling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock sample processing technology, specifically to an apparatus and method for preparing samples similar to bedding and lamellar rock masses. Background Technology

[0002] Anisotropy is a typical mechanical characteristic of layered rock masses (such as shale and slate) and one of the main research directions in the field of rock mechanical properties in engineering. Unlike general rock masses, layered rock masses exhibit significant anisotropic deformation and strength characteristics, and their failure mechanisms are more complex. Engineering accidents caused by the instability of layered rock masses occur frequently, resulting in certain economic losses. Therefore, research on the mechanical properties of layered rock masses has important practical significance. To study the anisotropic mechanical characteristics of layered rock masses, it is necessary to drill rock samples with different bedding angles and conduct a series of physical, mechanical, and permeability tests to provide theoretical support for rock mass engineering design and construction. Therefore, it is crucial to prepare standard samples of layered rock masses with different bedding angles in the laboratory.

[0003] The naturally layered rock masses collected on-site are of varying sizes and exhibit significant dispersion, which cannot adequately meet the requirements of laboratory testing. The testing process necessitates the preparation of a large number of standard specimens. Currently, the molds used for preparing and drilling layered rock mass specimens are relatively limited, resulting in low drilling efficiency and angle accuracy, poor stability and continuity during drilling, and cumbersome and labor-intensive procedures. Therefore, existing layered rock mass sampling equipment cannot meet practical requirements. Based on this situation, a more reasonable solution is needed for the preparation of standard specimens for similar rock mass materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, one objective of this invention is to provide a device for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses, thereby solving the problems of low drilling efficiency and drilling angle accuracy, poor stability and continuity during drilling, and cumbersome operation procedures and high labor intensity.

[0005] A device for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses includes a base, a test chamber, a support frame, a drilling device, and a calibration device. The upper surface of the base is provided with two ground rails. The test chamber is a square box with an open top. Its left and right side plates are detachable. The bottom of the test chamber is provided with four adjustable feet. The bottom of the test chamber slides in contact with the surface of the ground rails.

[0006] There are two support frames, symmetrically arranged above the two ground rails. The support frames are N-shaped, with the lower ends of the left and right sides fixedly connected to the base. Each support frame is equipped with a vertical plate, and the lower end of each vertical plate is adjustablely and fixedly connected to the top and left and right sides of the support frame it belongs to. An angle plate is fixedly embedded on the front side wall of the rear vertical plate.

[0007] An angle adjustment frame is arranged longitudinally between the two upright plates. The front and rear ends of the angle adjustment frame are rotatably connected to the upper ends of the two upright plates, respectively. A locking block is provided on the rear upright plate to fix the angle adjustment frame to the upright plate.

[0008] The drilling device includes a motor mounting bracket, a servo motor, a threaded drill rod, and a drill bit. The motor mounting bracket is mounted on an angle adjustment frame and its relative position to the angle adjustment frame is adjustable. The servo motor is fixed to the top of the motor mounting bracket, and its output shaft is a hollow shaft.

[0009] The threaded drill rod is slidably inserted inside the hollow shaft. The lower part of the motor mounting bracket is provided with a threaded nut seat that mates with the threaded drill rod. The lower end of the threaded drill rod passes through the threaded nut seat and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper end of the drill bit. The servo motor drives the drill bit to rotate and move along its axial direction through the threaded drill rod.

[0010] The calibration device includes two calibration frames that can be detachably installed on the front and rear sides of the test chamber. The calibration frames are also N-shaped structures. Two calibration plates are provided between the two calibration frames. The front and rear ends of the calibration plates are slidably engaged with the top and left and right sides of the two calibration frames through square sliders. In addition, the two ends of the calibration plates are rotatably connected to the square sliders respectively, and the angle of the calibration plates can be fixedly connected to the square sliders.

[0011] Furthermore, the test chamber includes a base plate, a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, and a right side plate. The front and rear side plates are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the base plate, and their lower ends are fixedly connected to the base plate. Both the front and rear side plates are made of transparent material, and the front side plate has a scale.

[0012] The left and right side panels are vertically positioned between the front and rear side panels, and the front and rear ends of the left and right side panels are respectively inserted and fixedly connected to the front and rear side panels.

[0013] The front side wall of the rear side panel has two dovetail grooves arranged on the left and right, and the rear side wall of the front side panel has two identical dovetail grooves that correspond one-to-one with the position of the rear side panel.

[0014] Both the front and rear ends of the left and right side plates are equipped with elongated dovetail sliders that are integrated with them. Each dovetail slider is located in the corresponding dovetail groove and slides in fit. The left and right ends of the front and rear side plates extend out of the outer wall of the left or right side plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross-section of the ground rail is square, and two ground rails are fixedly installed on the base with longitudinal spacing. The surface of the ground rail has multiple rollers arranged at intervals along its length.

[0016] A positioning plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the test chamber. The left and right sides of the positioning plate are respectively slidably engaged with the two ground rails. A horizontal ruler is arranged horizontally on the front side of the positioning plate, and a horizontal ruler is arranged vertically on the right side wall of the bottom plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the support frame includes a first column and a first crossbeam. There are two first columns, which are arranged vertically opposite each other. The first crossbeam is arranged horizontally between the two first columns, and its left and right ends are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two first columns by a guide plate to form a whole.

[0018] Each of the two support frames has a first slide rail extending along its length on one side. A rectangular strip slider is provided on the inner side of the first slide rail. The strip slider is slidably engaged with the first column and the first crossbeam respectively. Each strip slider is fixedly connected to the lower end of the upright plate on the same side.

[0019] Both the first column and the first crossbeam are provided with a set of through holes. Each set of through holes includes multiple through holes arranged at equal intervals along the length of the first column or the first crossbeam. Bolt holes are provided on the opposite sides of the two strip sliders, and locking bolts are installed in the bolt holes.

[0020] Furthermore, both the first column and the first crossbeam are made of C-shaped steel, and the guide plate is a 3 / 4 disc with a circular cavity on the inner side. The groove on the inner side of the first crossbeam communicates with the groove on the inner side of the first column through the circular cavity to form the first slide.

[0021] The inner side of the guide plate has a T-shaped guide post arranged coaxially with it. One end of the T-shaped guide post is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide plate. In addition, the two strip sliders are provided with guide grooves that cooperate with the T-shaped guide post on opposite sides. The guide grooves extend to both ends of the linear movement direction of the strip sliders.

[0022] The bolt hole is located inside the guide groove. When the strip slider moves to the end of the first crossbeam and continues to move, the T-shaped guide post enters the guide groove. After the end of the strip slider contacts the inner wall of the guide plate, it rotates 90° around the T-shaped guide post and maintains this state to move downward into the inner side of the first column, completing the turning.

[0023] Furthermore, the angle adjustment frame includes guide rods and connecting plates. There are two guide rods arranged longitudinally in parallel intervals, and the same ends of the two guide rods are fixedly connected to each other by the connecting plates to form a whole.

[0024] Two connecting plates are provided with a fixed shaft on opposite sides, which is arranged parallel to the guide rod. The two fixed shafts are arranged coaxially. One end of the fixed shaft is connected to the middle of the connecting plate to form a whole, and the other end passes through the vertical plate on the same side and rotates with the vertical plate.

[0025] Angle plate one is a 360° disc, and the fixed shaft one on the rear side passes through the center of angle plate one. A pointer one that cooperates with angle plate one is fixed on its outer circumference. The locking block can lock the rear end of the fixed shaft one on the rear side, so that it is fixedly connected to the vertical plate on the rear side.

[0026] Furthermore, two guide rods are inserted inside the motor mounting bracket, and the motor mounting bracket and the guide rods slide longitudinally together. A positioning bolt is provided on one side of the motor mounting bracket, and the positioning bolt locks the motor mounting bracket onto the guide rod.

[0027] The threaded drill rod has a keyway along its axial direction on its circumferential side wall. A flat key that matches the keyway is fixed on the inner side wall of the hollow shaft. The threaded nut is fixed to the lower part of the motor mounting bracket. The lower end of the threaded drill rod passes through the threaded nut and engages with it threadedly. The drill bit is a cylindrical shape with a closed top and a toothed structure on its lower end face.

[0028] When the servo motor drives the threaded drill rod to rotate, the threaded drill rod rises and falls vertically relative to the motor mounting bracket.

[0029] Furthermore, the calibration frame is provided with a second slide rail with the same shape. The main body of the square slider is a cube, and its upper, lower and left and right sides have limiting parts that cooperate with the side walls of the calibration frame. The square slider is located inside the second slide rail and slides horizontally with the top of the calibration frame, and can also slide vertically with the left and right sides of the calibration frame.

[0030] The front and rear ends of the calibration plate are respectively equipped with two fixed shafts. One end of the fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the middle of the end face of the calibration plate, and the other end passes through the corresponding square slider and is equipped with a locking nut.

[0031] Angle disk two is fixedly embedded in the front side wall of the rear square slider. The axis of fixed shaft two coincides with the center of angle disk two. A pointer two that cooperates with angle disk two is fixed on the outer circumference of fixed shaft two.

[0032] Furthermore, the correction frame is an integral structure consisting of a second crossbeam and two second columns, and each of the two second columns has a vertical groove on an adjacent side that matches the end of the front or rear side plate.

[0033] The inner sides of the second crossbeam and the second column each have a straight through groove along their length. The cross-section of the straight through groove matches the square slider. The straight through groove in the second crossbeam is connected to the straight through groove in the two second columns to form the second slide.

[0034] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing specimens similar to bedding and lamellar rock masses.

[0035] A method for preparing similar specimens of bedding and lamellar rock masses, using the aforementioned apparatus for preparing similar specimens of bedding and lamellar rock masses, includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Based on the relevant parameters and similarity ratios of the lamellae and bedding in the real layered rock mass, determine the proportions and thicknesses of the similar materials for the lamellae and bedding, and prepare the lamellae similar materials and bedding similar materials.

[0037] Adjust the adjustable feet at the bottom of the test chamber to make the bottom plate surface of the test chamber level. Then, alternately lay the layered similar material and the layered similar material of the predetermined thickness from bottom to top inside the test chamber. After laying each layer of layered similar material or layered similar material, it is necessary to smooth and compact it until the rock mass model is laid. After curing, the rock mass model reaches the predetermined strength.

[0038] Step 2: Remove the left and right side panels of the test chamber. Then, install the two calibration frames onto the front and rear side panels of the test chamber, respectively, with the bottom of the crossbeam of the calibration frame close to the top of the front or rear side panel.

[0039] Adjust the adjustable feet at the bottom of the test chamber to lift it off the ground, and then lower the test chamber onto the ground track.

[0040] Move the test chamber and the rock mass model inside it along the ground rail between the two support frames, and readjust the adjustable feet at the bottom of the test chamber so that the bottom of the test chamber is off the ground rail and in a horizontal position. At this time, the calibration plate and drilling device are both above the test chamber.

[0041] Step 3: Adjust the angles of both calibration plates to the set angles, ensuring that the angles of the two calibration plates are consistent. Lock the calibration plates to the square slider. At this point, each calibration plate can slide on the calibration frame.

[0042] Step 4: After rotating the angle adjustment frame to the set angle, lock the angle adjustment frame to the vertical plate. Then, start the servo motor. The servo motor drives the drill bit to move downwards to the upper surface of the rock mass model and stops moving. At this time, the two correction plates are on both sides of the drill bit.

[0043] Move the two calibration plates toward the drill bit until their surfaces come into contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit. Observe whether the surfaces of the calibration plates are in contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit.

[0044] If the calibration plate is in complete contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit, the drilling angle of the drill bit is correct; if the calibration plate is not in complete contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit, the angle adjustment frame needs to be adjusted again until they are in complete contact, and then the angle adjustment frame and the upright plate are locked again.

[0045] Step 5: Move the two calibration plates to the sides of the drill bit respectively, and lock and fix the motor mounting bracket and angle adjustment bracket.

[0046] The servo motor restarts, the drill bit rotates forward to contact the rock mass model and drills down to extract the rock mass sample. After reaching the set drilling depth, the drill bit reverses to remove the rock mass sample. Then, the position and / or angle of the drill bit are adjusted to repeat the sampling process on the top of the rock mass model multiple times.

[0047] Step 6: After sampling is completed at the top of the rock mass model, adjust the angle adjustment frame, drilling device and two correction plates to the side of the rock mass model, and repeat steps 3 to 5. The drilling device completes the sampling on the side of the rock mass model.

[0048] The drilled rock samples are cut and ground into standard samples according to requirements for later use.

[0049] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0050] 1. High drilling efficiency of this invention: By employing a large-size horizontal model and combining it with a drilling device whose position and angle can be flexibly adjusted, multi-directional sampling can be achieved on the left, top, and right sides of the layered rock mass model, significantly improving sampling efficiency. The drill bit can achieve continuous sampling by adjusting its position between two calibration plates, ensuring not only the continuity and stability of the sampling process but also accelerating the sampling speed, reducing the time interval between sampling operations, and maximizing the utilization of the laid similar model material.

[0051] 2. Precision of drilling angle in this invention: The drilling device can flexibly adjust the drilling angle, and the precise cooperation between the drilling device and the calibration plate ensures the accuracy and consistency of the sample drilling angle.

[0052] 3. Flexibility of model laying and parameter adjustment in this invention: Based on the relevant parameters (physical, mechanical and permeability) and main similarity ratios of the strata and bedding in the layered rock mass, the similar material ratios of the strata and bedding are obtained through mix proportioning tests and used as the basis for model laying. The laying thickness of the strata and bedding can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific needs of the experiment.

[0053] 4. Ease of operation of the present invention: The entire sampling process only requires the laying of a large-size horizontal model once, and rock samples with the required bedding angle, shape and size can be flexibly drilled according to experimental needs. This overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional sample drilling process, which requires frequent moving or adjustment of the model angle, greatly simplifies the operation process and reduces the difficulty and labor intensity of operation. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 yes Figure 1The schematic diagram of a certain part shows the test chamber.

[0056] Figure 3 This is a partial sectional view of the cooperation relationship between the test chamber and the support frame of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of another part shows the correction device.

[0058] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of part A in the middle.

[0059] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the support frame, angle adjustment frame, drilling device and related parts of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of part B in the middle section.

[0061] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 The schematic diagram of a certain part shows the angle adjustment frame, drilling device and related parts.

[0062] Figure 9 yes Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of the combined structure shown in the figure.

[0063] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the usage status of the apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to the present invention.

[0064] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the test chamber of the present invention and the rock mass model assembly inside it.

[0065] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the calibration device of the present invention on the test chamber.

[0066] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the drill bit of the present invention taking samples on the left, right and top sides of the rock mass model.

[0067] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the standard sample structure produced by this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To make the advantages and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and more explicit, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0069] Example 1, combined with Figures 1 to 10A device for preparing samples similar to bedding and lamellar rock masses, particularly suitable for drilling shale samples, includes a base 1, a test chamber 2, a support frame 3, a drilling device 4, and a calibration device. The base 1 is a square plate that can be fixed to the ground or a workbench. Two ground rails 11 are laid on the upper surface of the base 1. The cross-section of the ground rails 11 is square. The two ground rails 11 are arranged in parallel with longitudinal spacing and are fixedly installed on the base 1 by bolts. Preferably, multiple rollers are arranged in an embedded manner along the length direction on the surface of the ground rails 11. Each roller is rotatably connected to the ground rail it belongs to. The upper surface height of the rollers located on the same ground rail 11 is consistent.

[0070] Test chamber 2 is a square box with an open top. It is used for molding similar material models of layered rock masses. Both its left side plate 24 and right side plate 25 are detachable. The bottom of test chamber 2 is equipped with four adjustable feet 20, which are installed at the four corners of test chamber 2 and located outside the two ground rails 11. The adjustable feet 20 support the test chamber 2 and adjust its levelness. When the adjustable feet 20 are off the ground, the two ground rails 11 support the bottom of test chamber 2, and the bottom of test chamber 2 slides smoothly against the upper surface of the ground rails 11.

[0071] Specifically, the test chamber 2 includes a base plate 21, a front side plate 22, a rear side plate 23, a left side plate 24, and a right side plate 25. The front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 are vertically arranged on the front and rear sides of the base plate 21, respectively, and their lower ends are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate 21. Both the front and rear side plates are made of transparent material, and the front side plate has a scale for measuring height. The left side plate 24 and the right side plate 25 are vertically arranged between the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23, and their front and rear ends are fixedly connected to the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 by plugging in.

[0072] The front side wall of the rear side plate 23 has two dovetail grooves 26 arranged on the left and right sides, and the rear side wall of the front side plate 22 has two identical dovetail grooves 26 corresponding to the positions of the rear side plate 23. The front and rear ends of the left side plate 24 and the right side plate 25 are provided with elongated dovetail sliders 261 integrated with them. Each dovetail slider 261 is located in the corresponding dovetail groove 26 and slides in fit. The left and right ends of the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 extend out of the outer wall of the left side plate 24 or the right side plate 25.

[0073] A positioning plate 27 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the test chamber 2. The left and right sides of the positioning plate 27 are respectively slidably engaged with the two ground rails 11. The front side of the positioning plate 27 has a horizontally arranged level ruler 28, which is used to detect the horizontality of the test chamber 2 in the left and right directions. The right side wall of the bottom plate 21 has a vertically arranged level ruler 29, which is used to detect the horizontality of the test chamber 2 in the front and back directions. When the bubbles in the level ruler 28 and the level ruler 29 are both in the middle position, it indicates that the test chamber 2 is in a horizontal state.

[0074] The calibration device includes two calibration frames 5 that are detachably installed on the front and rear sides of the test chamber 2. The calibration frames 5 are also N-shaped structures. The calibration frame 5 is an integral structure composed of a second crossbeam 51 and two second columns 52. Each of the two second columns 52 has a vertical groove 521 on an adjacent side that matches the left and right ends of the front side plate 22 or the rear side plate 23. The calibration frame 5 is installed from the top of the test chamber 2. The lower end of the vertical groove 521 is aligned with the left and right ends of the front side plate 22 or the rear side plate 23 of the test chamber 2. The calibration frame 5 moves downward relative to the test chamber 2 and is installed on the test chamber 2.

[0075] Specifically, the calibration frame 5 has a second slide rail 53 with the same shape as it. The inner sides of the second crossbeam 51 and the second column 52 have straight grooves along their length. The cross-section of the straight groove matches the square slider 54. The straight groove in the second crossbeam 51 is connected to the straight grooves in the two second columns 52 to form the second slide rail 53.

[0076] Two calibration plates 58 are provided between the two calibration frames 5. The front and rear ends of the calibration plates 58 are slidably engaged with the top and left and right sides of the two calibration frames 5 through square sliders 54. In addition, the two ends of the calibration plates 58 are rotatably connected to the square sliders 54 respectively, and the angle value of the calibration plates 58 is fixedly connected to the square sliders 54 by locking nuts.

[0077] The main body of the square slider 54 is a cube, and its upper, lower and left and right sides have limiting parts 541 that cooperate with the side walls of the calibration frame 5. The limiting parts 541 protrude outward relative to the left, right and upper and lower side walls of the main body. The square slider 54 is located inside the second slide rail 53 and slides laterally with the top of the calibration frame 5. It can also slide vertically with the left and right sides of the calibration frame 5.

[0078] The front and rear ends of the calibration plate 58 are respectively provided with a second fixed shaft 55. One end of the second fixed shaft 55 is fixedly connected to the middle of the end face of the calibration plate 58, and the other end passes through the corresponding square slider 54 and is equipped with a locking nut.

[0079] Angle disk 2 56 is fixedly embedded in the front side wall of the rear square slider 54. The axis of fixed shaft 2 55 coincides with the center of angle disk 2 56. A pointer 2 57 that cooperates with angle disk 2 56 is fixed on the outer circumference of fixed shaft 2 55.

[0080] There are two support frames 3, which are symmetrically arranged above the two ground rails 11. The support frame 3 has an N-shaped structure, and the lower ends of its left and right sides are fixedly connected to the base 1. Each of the two support frames 3 has a first slide rail extending along its length on the opposite side.

[0081] Specifically, the support frame 3 includes a first crossbeam 31 and a first column 32. There are two first columns 32, which are arranged vertically opposite to each other. The first crossbeam 31 is arranged horizontally between the two first columns 32, and its left and right ends are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two first columns 32 through a guide plate 33 to form a whole.

[0082] Both the first column 32 and the first crossbeam 31 are made of C-shaped steel. The guide plate 33 is a 3 / 4 disc with a circular cavity on the inner side. The groove on the inner side of the first crossbeam 31 communicates with the groove on the inner side of the first column 32 through the circular cavity to form the first slide.

[0083] Each support frame 3 is provided with a vertical plate 34. The lower end of each vertical plate 34 is adjustablely and fixedly connected to the top and left and right sides of the support frame 3 it is located on. An angle plate 35 is fixedly embedded on the front side wall of the rear vertical plate 34.

[0084] The inner side of the first slide is provided with a rectangular strip slider 36, which slides in cooperation with the first column 32 and the first crossbeam 31 respectively. Each strip slider 36 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the upright plate 34 located on the same side. The inner side of the guide plate 33 has a T-shaped guide post 331 arranged coaxially with it. One end of the T-shaped guide post 331 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide plate 33. In addition, each of the two strip sliders 36 has a guide groove 361 on the opposite side that cooperates with the T-shaped guide post 331. The guide groove 361 extends to both ends of the linear movement direction of the strip sliders 36.

[0085] Both the first column 32 and the first crossbeam 31 are provided with a set of through holes 311. Each set of through holes includes multiple through holes 311 arranged at equal intervals along the length of the first column 32 or the first crossbeam 31. Bolt holes 362 are provided on the opposite sides of the two strip sliders 36. Locking bolts 37 are arranged in the bolt holes 362.

[0086] The bolt hole 362 is located inside the guide groove 361. When the strip slider 36 moves to the end of the first crossbeam 31 and continues to move, the T-shaped guide post 331 enters the guide groove 361. After the end of the strip slider 36 contacts the inner wall of the guide plate 33, it rotates 90° around the T-shaped guide post 331 and maintains this state to move downward into the inner side of the first column 32, completing the turning.

[0087] An angle adjustment frame is arranged longitudinally between the two upright plates 34. The front and rear ends of the angle adjustment frame are rotatably connected to the upper ends of the two upright plates 34 respectively. A locking block 38 is provided on the rear upright plate 34 to fix the angle adjustment frame to the upright plate 34. The locking block 38 is installed on the rear side wall of the upright plate 34.

[0088] The angle adjustment frame includes guide rods 61 and connecting plates 62. There are two guide rods 61 arranged longitudinally in parallel intervals. The same ends of the two guide rods 61 are fixedly connected together by the connecting plates 62. On opposite sides of the two connecting plates 62, there are fixed shafts 63 arranged parallel to the guide rods 61. The two fixed shafts 63 are coaxially arranged. One end of each fixed shaft 63 is connected to the middle of the connecting plate 62, and the other end passes through a vertical plate 34 on the same side and rotatably engages with the vertical plate 34.

[0089] Angle disk 35 is a 360° disc. The fixed shaft 63 on the rear side passes through the center of angle disk 35. A pointer 64 that cooperates with angle disk 35 is fixed on its outer circumference. The locking block 38 can lock the rear end of the fixed shaft 63 to the rear upright plate 34, so that it is fixedly connected to the rear upright plate 34.

[0090] The drilling device 4 includes a motor mounting bracket 41, a servo motor 42, a threaded drill rod 43, and a drill bit 44. The motor mounting bracket 41 is mounted on an angle adjustment frame and its relative position to the angle adjustment frame is adjustable. The servo motor 42 is fixed to the top of the motor mounting bracket 41, and its output shaft is a hollow shaft. Specifically, two guide rods 61 pass through the inside of the motor mounting bracket 41, and the motor mounting bracket 41 slides longitudinally with the guide rods 61. A positioning bolt 45 is provided on one side of the motor mounting bracket 41, which locks the motor mounting bracket 41 onto the guide rods 61.

[0091] The threaded drill rod 43 slides through the inner side of the hollow shaft. A keyway 431 along its axial direction is provided on the circumferential side wall of the threaded drill rod 43. A flat key that mates with the keyway 431 is fixed on the inner side wall of the hollow shaft. A threaded nut seat that mates with the threaded drill rod 43 is provided at the lower part of the motor mounting bracket 41. The threaded nut seat is fixed to the lower part of the motor mounting bracket 41, and the lower end of the threaded drill rod 43 passes through the threaded nut seat and is threadedly engaged with it.

[0092] The drill bit 44 is a closed-top cylindrical shape with a toothed structure on its lower end face. The lower end of the threaded drill rod 43 passes through a threaded nut and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper end of the drill bit 44. The servo motor 42 drives the drill bit 44 to rotate and move along its axial direction through the threaded drill rod 43. Specifically, when the servo motor 42 drives the threaded drill rod 43 to rotate, the threaded drill rod 43 moves vertically up and down relative to the motor mounting bracket 41.

[0093] Example 2, combined with Figures 1 to 14 A method for preparing similar specimens of bedding and lamellar rock masses, using the aforementioned apparatus for preparing similar specimens of bedding and lamellar rock masses, includes the following steps:

[0094] Step 1: Based on the relevant parameters and similarity ratios of the lamellae and bedding in the real layered rock mass, determine the proportions and thicknesses of the similar materials for the lamellae and bedding, and prepare the lamellae similar materials and bedding similar materials.

[0095] Adjust the adjustable feet 20 at the bottom of the test chamber 2 to make the bottom plate surface of the test chamber 2 level. Then, alternately lay the layer-like material and the bedding-like material of the predetermined thickness from bottom to top inside the test chamber 2. After laying each layer of layer-like material or bedding-like material, it is necessary to smooth and compact it until the rock mass model 71 is laid. After curing, the rock mass model 71 reaches the predetermined strength. The thickness of the layer 72 and bedding 73 of the rock mass model 71 is determined according to the experimental requirements.

[0096] Step 2: Remove the left side panel 24 and right side panel 25 of the test chamber 2. Then, install the two calibration frames 5 onto the front side panel 22 and the rear side panel 23 of the test chamber 2, respectively. The bottom of the crossbeam of the calibration frame 5 is close to the upper end of the front side panel 22 or the rear side panel 23.

[0097] Adjust the adjustable feet 20 at the bottom of the test chamber 2 to lift them off the ground, and the test chamber 2 will fall onto the ground track 11.

[0098] Move the test chamber 2 and the rock mass model inside it along the ground rail 11 between the two support frames 3, and readjust the adjustable feet 20 at the bottom of the test chamber 2 so that the bottom of the test chamber 2 leaves the ground rail 11 and is in a horizontal state. At this time, the correction plate 58 and the drilling device 4 are both above the test chamber 2.

[0099] Step 3: Adjust the angles of both calibration plates 58 to the set angles, ensuring that the angles of the two calibration plates 58 are consistent. Lock the calibration plates 58 to the square slider 54. At this point, each calibration plate 58 can slide on the calibration frame 5.

[0100] Step 4: After rotating the angle adjustment frame to the set angle, lock the angle adjustment frame to the upright plate 34. Then, start the servo motor 42. The servo motor 42 drives the drill bit 44 to move downwards to the upper surface of the rock mass model 71 through the threaded drill rod 43 and stops moving. At this time, the two correction plates 58 are respectively located on both sides of the drill bit 44.

[0101] Move the two calibration plates 58 toward the drill bit 44 and bring them close together. The surfaces of the two calibration plates 58 contact the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit 44. Observe whether the surfaces of the calibration plates 58 are in contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit 44.

[0102] If the calibration plate 58 is in complete contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit 44, then the drilling angle of the drill bit 44 is correct, and proceed to the next step.

[0103] If the correction plate 58 and the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit 44 are not completely in contact, the angle of the angle adjustment bracket needs to be adjusted again until they are completely in contact. Then, lock the angle adjustment bracket and the upright plate 34 again before proceeding to the next step.

[0104] Step 5: Move the two correction plates 58 to the sides of the drill bit 44 respectively, and lock the motor mounting bracket 41 onto the angle adjustment bracket.

[0105] Servo motor 42 starts again, drill bit 44 rotates forward to contact rock mass model 71 and drills down to extract rock mass sample. After reaching the set drilling depth, drill bit 44 reverses to extract rock mass sample. Then, the position and / or angle of drill bit 44 above rock mass model 71 are adjusted to repeatedly extract sample from the top of rock mass model 71 in the manner described above.

[0106] Step Six: After sampling is completed at the top of the rock mass model 71, adjust the angle adjustment frame, drilling device 4, and two correction plates 58 to the side of the rock mass model 71. Repeat steps three to five until the drilling device completes sampling on the side of the rock mass model 71. Cut and grind the drilled rock mass samples into standard samples 74 as required for subsequent use.

[0107] For any parts not mentioned in this invention, existing technologies can be used or referenced.

[0108] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0109] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0110] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing samples similar to bedding and lamellar rock masses, characterized in that, It includes a base, a test chamber, a support frame, a drilling device, and a calibration device. The test chamber is a square box with an open top, and both the left and right sides are detachable. The test chamber is mounted on the base via two ground rails, and its bottom is equipped with four adjustable feet. There are two support frames, symmetrically arranged above the two ground rails. The support frames are N-shaped structures, with the lower ends of their left and right sides fixedly connected to the base. Each support frame is equipped with a vertical plate, and the lower end of each vertical plate is adjustablely and fixedly connected to the top and left and right sides of the support frame it belongs to. An angle plate is fixedly embedded on the front side wall of the rear vertical plate. An angle adjustment frame is arranged longitudinally between the two upright plates. The front and rear ends of the angle adjustment frame are rotatably connected to the upper ends of the two upright plates respectively. A locking block is provided on the rear upright plate to fix the angle adjustment frame to the upright plate. The drilling device includes a motor mounting bracket, a servo motor, a threaded drill rod, and a drill bit. The motor mounting bracket is mounted on an angle adjustment bracket and its relative position to the bracket is adjustable. The servo motor is fixed to the top of the motor mounting bracket, and its output shaft is a hollow shaft. The threaded drill rod is slidably inserted inside the hollow shaft. The lower part of the motor mounting bracket is provided with a nut seat that cooperates with the threaded drill rod. The lower end of the threaded drill rod passes through the nut seat and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper end of the drill bit. The servo motor drives the drill bit to rotate and move along its axial direction through the threaded drill rod. The calibration device includes two calibration frames that can be detachably installed on the front and rear sides of the test chamber. The calibration frames are also N-shaped structures. Two calibration plates are provided between the two calibration frames. The front and rear ends of the calibration plates are slidably engaged with the top and left and right sides of the two calibration frames through square sliders. In addition, the two ends of the calibration plates are rotatably connected to the square sliders respectively, and the angle of the calibration plates can be fixedly connected to the square sliders.

2. The apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test chamber includes a bottom plate, a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, and a right side plate. The front and rear side plates are respectively set on the front and rear sides of the bottom plate, and their lower ends are fixedly connected to the bottom plate. Both the front and rear side plates are made of transparent material, and the front side plate has a scale. The left and right side panels are vertically positioned between the front and rear side panels, and the front and rear ends of the left and right side panels are respectively inserted and fixedly connected to the front and rear side panels. The front side wall of the rear side panel has two dovetail grooves arranged on the left and right, and the rear side wall of the front side panel has two identical dovetail grooves that correspond one-to-one with the position of the rear side panel. Both the front and rear ends of the left and right side plates are equipped with elongated dovetail sliders that are integrated with them. Each dovetail slider is located in the corresponding dovetail groove and slides in fit. The left and right ends of the front and rear side plates extend out of the outer wall of the left or right side plate.

3. The apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-section of the ground rail is square, and two ground rails are fixedly installed on the base with longitudinal spacing. The surface of the ground rail has multiple rollers arranged at intervals along its length. A positioning plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the test chamber. The left and right sides of the positioning plate are respectively slidably engaged with the two ground rails. A horizontal ruler is arranged horizontally on the front side of the positioning plate, and a horizontal ruler is arranged vertically on the right side wall of the bottom plate.

4. The apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support frame includes a first column and a first crossbeam. There are two first columns, which are arranged vertically opposite each other. The first crossbeam is arranged horizontally between the two first columns, and its left and right ends are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two first columns by a guide plate to form a whole. Each of the two support frames has a first slide rail extending along its length on one side opposite to the other. A rectangular strip slider is provided on the inner side of the first slide rail. The strip slider is slidably engaged with the first column and the first crossbeam respectively. Each strip slider is fixedly connected to the lower end of the vertical plate on the same side. Both the first column and the first crossbeam are provided with a set of through holes. Each set of through holes includes multiple through holes arranged at equal intervals along the length of the first column or the first crossbeam. Bolt holes are provided on the opposite sides of the two strip sliders, and locking bolts are installed in the bolt holes.

5. The apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the first column and the first crossbeam are made of C-shaped steel. The guide plate is a 3 / 4 disc with a circular cavity on the inner side. The groove on the inner side of the first crossbeam communicates with the groove on the inner side of the first column through the circular cavity to form the first slide. The inner side of the guide plate has a T-shaped guide post arranged coaxially with it. One end of the T-shaped guide post is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide plate. In addition, the two strip sliders are provided with guide grooves that cooperate with the T-shaped guide post on opposite sides. The guide grooves extend to both ends of the linear movement direction of the strip sliders. The bolt hole is located inside the guide groove. When the strip slider moves to the end of the first crossbeam and continues to move, the T-shaped guide post enters the guide groove. After the end of the strip slider contacts the inner wall of the guide plate, it rotates 90° around the T-shaped guide post and maintains this state to move downward into the inner side of the first column, completing the turning.

6. The apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to claim 5, characterized in that, The angle adjustment frame includes guide rods and connecting plates. There are two guide rods arranged longitudinally in parallel intervals. The same ends of the two guide rods are fixedly connected to each other by the connecting plates to form a whole. Two connecting plates are provided with a fixed shaft on opposite sides, which is parallel to the guide rod. The two fixed shafts are arranged coaxially. One end of the fixed shaft is connected to the middle of the connecting plate and the other end passes through the vertical plate on the same side and rotates with the vertical plate. Angle plate one is a 360° disc, and the fixed shaft one on the rear side passes through the center of angle plate one. A pointer one that cooperates with angle plate one is fixed on its outer circumference. The locking block can lock the rear end of the fixed shaft one on the rear side, so that it is fixedly connected to the vertical plate on the rear side.

7. The apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to claim 6, characterized in that, Two guide rods are inserted inside the motor mounting bracket. The motor mounting bracket and the guide rods slide longitudinally together. A positioning bolt is provided on one side of the motor mounting bracket, which locks the motor mounting bracket onto the guide rod. The threaded drill rod has a keyway along its axial direction on its circumferential side wall. A flat key that matches the keyway is fixed on the inner side wall of the hollow shaft. The threaded nut is fixed to the lower part of the motor mounting bracket. The lower end of the threaded drill rod passes through the threaded nut and is threadedly engaged with it. The drill bit is a cylindrical shape with a closed top and its lower end face has a toothed structure. When the servo motor drives the threaded drill rod to rotate, the threaded drill rod rises and falls vertically relative to the motor mounting bracket.

8. The apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calibration frame has a second slide rail with the same shape. The main body of the square slider is a cube. It has limiting parts on the top, bottom and left and right sides that cooperate with the side wall of the calibration frame. The square slider is located inside the second slide rail and slides horizontally with the top of the calibration frame. It can also slide vertically with the left and right sides of the calibration frame. The front and rear ends of the calibration plate are respectively equipped with two fixed shafts. One end of the fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the middle of the end face of the calibration plate, and the other end passes through the corresponding square slider and is equipped with a locking nut. Angle disk two is fixedly embedded in the front side wall of the rear square slider. The axis of fixed shaft two coincides with the center of angle disk two. A pointer two that cooperates with angle disk two is fixed on the outer circumference of fixed shaft two.

9. The apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses according to claim 8, characterized in that, The correction frame is an integral structure consisting of a second crossbeam and two second columns. Each of the two second columns has a vertical groove on an adjacent side that matches the end of the front or rear side plate. The inner sides of the second crossbeam and the second column each have a straight through groove along their length. The cross-section of the straight through groove matches the square slider. The straight through groove in the second crossbeam is connected to the straight through groove in the two second columns to form the second slide.

10. A method for preparing an apparatus for collecting samples similar to bedding and lamellar rock masses, characterized in that, Using the apparatus for preparing similar samples of bedding and lamellar rock masses as described in any one of claims 1-9, the preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the relevant parameters and similarity ratios of the bedding and strata in the real layered rock mass, determine the proportions and thicknesses of the similar materials for the bedding and strata respectively, and prepare the bedding and strata similar materials. Adjust the adjustable feet at the bottom of the test chamber to make the bottom plate surface of the test chamber level. Then, alternately lay the layered similar material and the layered similar material of the predetermined thickness from bottom to top inside the test chamber. After laying each layer of layered similar material or layered similar material, it is necessary to smooth and compact it until the rock mass model is laid. After curing, the rock mass model reaches the predetermined strength. Step 2: Remove the left and right side panels of the test chamber. Then, install the two calibration frames onto the front and rear side panels of the test chamber, respectively. The bottom of the crossbeam of the calibration frame should be close to the top of the front or rear side panel. Adjust the adjustable feet at the bottom of the test chamber to lift them off the ground, and lower the test chamber onto the ground track; Move the test chamber and the rock mass model inside it along the ground rail to between the two support frames, and readjust the adjustable feet at the bottom of the test chamber so that the bottom of the test chamber is off the ground rail and in a horizontal state, with the calibration plate and drilling device both above the test chamber. Step 3: Adjust the angles of both calibration plates to the set angles, ensuring that the angles of the two calibration plates are consistent. Lock the calibration plates to the square slider. At this point, each calibration plate can slide on the calibration frame. Step 4: After rotating the angle adjustment frame to the set angle, lock the angle adjustment frame to the vertical plate. Then, start the servo motor. The servo motor drives the drill bit to move downwards to the upper surface of the rock mass model and stops moving. At this time, the two correction plates are on both sides of the drill bit. Move the two calibration plates toward the drill bit, so that the surfaces of the two calibration plates contact the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit, and observe whether the surfaces of the calibration plates are in contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit. If the calibration plate is in complete contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit, the drilling angle of the drill bit is correct; if the calibration plate is not in complete contact with the circumferential sidewall of the drill bit, the angle adjustment frame needs to be adjusted again until they are in complete contact, and then the angle adjustment frame and the upright plate are locked again. Step 5: Move the two calibration plates to the sides of the drill bit respectively, and lock and fix the motor mounting bracket and angle adjustment bracket. The servo motor restarts, the drill bit rotates forward to contact the rock mass model and drills down to extract the rock mass sample. After reaching the set drilling depth, the drill bit reverses to remove the rock mass sample. Then, the position and / or angle of the drill bit are adjusted to repeat the sampling process on the top of the rock mass model multiple times. Step 6: After sampling at the top of the rock mass model, adjust the angle adjustment frame, drilling device and two correction plates to the side of the rock mass model, and repeat steps 3 to 5. The drilling device completes sampling on the side of the rock mass model. The drilled rock samples are cut and ground into standard samples according to requirements for later use.

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