Test device and method for simulating slope deformation process under coupling of structure and landform

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of indoor simulation tests, in particular to a test device and method for simulating a slope deformation process under structure and landform coupling. An upper outer frame and a lower outer frame can move relative to a left outer frame and a right outer frame, a model stress servo loading system comprises a main force equalizing base plate, force equalizing devices and a stress loading plate, the multiple force equalizing devices are arranged between the main force equalizing base plate and the stress loading plate, and each force equalizing device comprises a hydraulic telescopic force arm, a toughness spring and a secondary force equalizing base plate. One end of the hydraulic telescopic force arm is fixedly connected to the stress loading plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the secondary force equalizing base plate; the tough spring is fixed between the secondary force equalizing base plate and the main force equalizing base plate; and the stress loading plate is fixed on an external frame which can move up and down. According to the invention, the movable bottom plate can present different lifting heights and inclination angles by adjusting the displacement of the lifting force arm of the lead screw to simulate the tectonic movement of a slope in a real state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of indoor simulation tests, and in particular to a test device and method for simulating a slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform. Background Art

[0002] The problem of landslide geological disasters is becoming increasingly prominent. Due to the special regional tectonic movement and high ground stress in the Tibet region, including the western Sichuan region, it poses a threat to the stable development of towns in the region. Therefore, the evolution process of slope deformation and failure and stability analysis have become the main research content of scholars at home and abroad. Numerical simulation, physical model test and mechanical analysis method have become the main means of slope stability analysis. Since physical model test can not only control the influencing factors of the slope, but also observe the evolution process of slope deformation and failure from a global and local perspective, it has become a conventional means of slope deformation and failure evolution process and stability analysis.

[0003] At present, fixed frame physical model tests are often used to simulate the deformation and failure evolution mechanism and stability analysis of slopes under the action of deadweight or artificial excavation. However, the existing methods have the following shortcomings: slopes in the Qinghai-Tibet region and western Sichuan are often affected by special tectonic movements and the region is in a high geostress area. Conventional fixed frame physical model tests cannot simulate slope geostress, that is, conventional fixed frame physical model tests cannot reflect the actual failure process of slopes in special areas.

[0004] In summary, the fixed frame physical model test has important research significance for simulating the deformation and failure evolution process and stability analysis of the slope under natural state and artificial excavation state. However, the traditional fixed frame physical model test system still has some shortcomings. It is urgent to develop a new fixed frame physical model test system that can better reflect the real stress state and special structural control. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an experimental device and method for simulating the deformation process of a slope under the coupling of structure and topography. The upper and lower external frames of the present invention can be moved relative to the left and right external frames. The model stress servo loading system includes a main force equalizing pad, a force equalizing device and a stress loading plate. A plurality of force equalizing devices are arranged between the main force equalizing pad and the stress loading plate. Each force equalizing device includes a hydraulic telescopic arm, a tough spring, and a secondary force equalizing pad. One end of the hydraulic telescopic arm is fixedly connected to the stress loading plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the secondary force equalizing pad; the tough spring is fixed between the secondary force equalizing pad and the main force equalizing pad; the stress loading plate is fixed on the external frame that can be moved up and down. The present invention can simulate the structural movement of the slope in the real state by adjusting the displacement of the screw lifting arm so that the movable base plate presents different lifting heights and inclination angles.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography, the test device is surrounded by an external frame, the bottom of the test device is a movable bottom plate system, and the two sides corresponding to the external frame are a model stress servo loading system, which is characterized in that: the upper and lower external frames can be moved relative to the left and right external frames, the model stress servo loading system includes a main force equalizing pad, a force equalizing device and a stress loading plate, and multiple force equalizing devices are arranged between the main force equalizing pad and the stress loading plate. Each force equalizing device includes a hydraulic telescopic arm, a tough spring, and a secondary force equalizing pad. One end of the hydraulic telescopic arm is fixedly connected to the stress loading plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the secondary force equalizing pad; the tough spring is fixed between the secondary force equalizing pad and the main force equalizing pad; the stress loading plate is fixed on the external frame that can be moved up and down; the movable bottom plate system includes a movable bottom plate, a force equalizing pad, a secondary screw lifting arm, a main screw lifting arm, a control conductor, a support control The movable bottom plate is triangular in shape, and the bottom plate fixer connects the four movable bottom plates into one into a movable unit. The movable units are placed on the bottom surface of the test device according to the same intervals. The bottom surface of the test device is composed of a movable bottom plate and mutually connected waterproof rubber. A single screw lifting system includes a secondary screw lifting arm, a main screw lifting arm and a force equalizing pad. A single screw lifting system is arranged under each movable bottom plate. The force equalizing pad is fixed on each movable bottom plate. A secondary screw lifting arm is arranged under the movable bottom plate, and a main screw lifting arm is arranged under the secondary screw lifting arm. The main screw lifting arm is connected to the support controller through a control transmitter, and the control transmitter and the support controller control the lifting and lowering of the secondary screw lifting arm and the main screw lifting arm. It also includes a bottom plate telescopic centralized processor, which is connected to the control transmitter through an external wire. Each movable bottom plate is lifted and lowered individually by a screw lifting arranged at its lower part.

[0007] According to the test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography as described above, it is characterized by: it also includes a motion control system, the motion control system includes a lateral telescopic centralized processor, a base plate telescopic centralized processor and a PC terminal, the lateral telescopic centralized processor collects data related to the telescopic displacement and telescopic rate of the telescopic arm, and transmits it to the PC terminal, each control conductor is connected to the base plate telescopic centralized processor through an external wire, the base plate telescopic centralized processor is connected to the PC terminal through an external wire and transmits the lifting displacement of the screw rod lifting arm and its lifting rate and the inclination angle of the movable base plate after lifting to the PC terminal.

[0008] The test device for simulating the deformation process of the slope under the coupling of structure and topography as described above is characterized in that: the lateral telescopic centralized processor controls the movement of the hydraulic telescopic arm through an external wire, and controls the telescopic length and telescopic rate of the hydraulic telescopic arm and the micro-deformation of the ductile spring to squeeze the strata in the study area on the stress loading plate, thereby affecting the stress state of the rock and soil bodies on the slopes on both sides of the inclined valley, and adjusts the stress of the model stress servo loading system on the upper and lower sides to adjust the internal stress state of the simulated slope.

[0009] According to the test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography as described above, it is characterized in that the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor is connected to the control conductor through an external wire and controls the rotational movement of the motor in the conductor.

[0010] According to the test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform as described above, it is characterized in that the external frame is composed of a transparent acrylic frame.

[0011] According to the test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform as described above, it is characterized in that the upper and lower external frames and the left and right external frames can be connected by a waterproof rubber.

[0012] According to the test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography as described above, it is characterized in that the main force equalizing pad is fixed on the outside or fixedly connected to an external frame that does not move left or right.

[0013] According to the test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography as described above, it is characterized by: the toughness spring and the hydraulic telescopic force arm act in two directions in the horizontal direction, and the simultaneous action of the two directions can achieve the joint extrusion of the upper and lower external frames.

[0014] According to the test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography as described above, it is characterized in that the secondary screw lifting arm is embedded in the main screw lifting arm, and the control conductor is connected to the secondary screw lifting arm and the main screw lifting arm through the built-in motor and through wires.

[0015] The present invention also discloses a method for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Slope model preparation: Using the geological engineering analogy method, basic parameters are obtained according to the actual engineering geological survey. According to the different types of soil landslides and rock landslides, different materials are used to prefabricate the slope geometry, and they are stacked into a regional slope model that meets the requirements; the regional slope model is placed in the cavity formed by the external frame and the bottom surface of the test device;

[0017] Step 2: Preliminary inspection: Start the lateral telescopic centralized processor and the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor, adjust the telescopic rate of each telescopic arm, and observe whether the model stress servo loading system and the movable bottom plate system are working normally. If they are working normally, prepare for the test; otherwise, turn off the processor and check the model stress servo loading system and the movable bottom plate system;

[0018] Step 3: The test is officially launched: start the lateral telescopic centralized processor, adjust the telescopic rate of each telescopic arm so that the stress loading plate applies confining pressure to the slope model test, and obtain the confining pressure of the slope model boundary through the soil pressure sensor on the stress loading plate. Apply the confining pressure until the value of the ground stress under the similarity criterion is reached, and adjust the telescopic arm rate to return the toughness spring and hydraulic telescopic arm rate to zero; then start the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor, adjust the secondary screw lifting arm and the main screw lifting arm screw length to adjust the bottom surface rising rate of the test device, and simulate the crust uplift rate of the inclined valley in the study area; simulate the valley cutting process through water flow; finally, observe the slope deformation and destruction evolution characteristics of the slope model under the control of regional structure and different stress conditions;

[0019] Step 4: Finish the test: Pause and save the relevant data on the PC for backup; then use the lateral telescopic centralized processor to retract the toughness spring and hydraulic telescopic arm back to their original positions, and use the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor to lower or raise the secondary screw lifting arm and the main screw lifting arm to their original positions.

[0020] Advantages of the present invention: The present invention can adjust the displacement and rate of the telescopic arm and the toughness spring to push the stress loading plate to apply confining pressure to both sides of the slope to simulate the high ground stress of the slope in a real state. The present invention can adjust the displacement of the screw lifting arm so that the movable bottom plate presents different lifting heights and inclination angles to simulate the tectonic movement of the slope in a real state. Compared with the traditional fixed frame physical model test instrument, the present invention can accelerate the slope deformation and destruction process by controlling the displacement and rate of the telescopic arm, saving time and cost, and is particularly suitable for slope deformation tests simulating crustal uplift and valley incision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of a test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography

[0023] Figure 3 A top view of the overall structure of a test device used to simulate the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and topography.

[0024] Figure 4 Detailed view of the side and bottom of an experimental device used to simulate slope deformation processes under the coupling of tectonic and geomorphic factors.

[0025] Figure 5 A flow chart of the method of using a test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform

[0026] Explanation of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: hydraulic telescopic arm 1, tough spring 2, secondary force equalizing pad 3, main force equalizing pad 4, stress loading plate 5, external frame 6, movable base plate 7, force equalizing pad 8, secondary screw lifting arm 9, main screw lifting arm 10, control conductor 11, support controller 12, external wire 13, lateral telescopic centralized processor 14, base plate telescopic centralized processor 15, PC terminal 16, base plate fixer 17. Specific implementation methods

[0027] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , a test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to the present invention is provided. The test device is surrounded by an external frame 6, the bottom of the test device is a movable bottom plate system, and the two sides corresponding to the external frame 6 are model stress servo loading systems, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 The model stress servo loading system is set on the corresponding two sides. The external frame 6 of the present invention is preferably composed of a transparent acrylic frame, which can constrain the model boundary and facilitate observation of the phenomenon. Figure 3 In the embodiment, the upper and lower external frames 6 can move relative to the left and right external frames 6, and the upper and lower external frames 6 can be connected with the left and right external frames 6 by a waterproof rubber.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the model stress servo loading system of the present invention includes a main force equalizing pad 4, a force equalizing device and a stress loading plate 5. A plurality of force equalizing devices are arranged between the main force equalizing pad 4 and the stress loading plate 5. Each force equalizing device includes a hydraulic telescopic force arm 1, a tough spring 2, and a secondary force equalizing pad 3. One end of the hydraulic telescopic force arm 1 is fixedly connected to the stress loading plate 5, and the other end is fixedly connected to the secondary force equalizing pad 3; the tough spring 2 is fixed between the secondary force equalizing pad 3 and the main force equalizing pad 4. The stress loading plate 5 of the present invention is fixed on an external frame 6 that can move up and down. The hydraulic telescopic force arm 1 and the tough spring 2 of the present invention together constitute a force arm telescopic control system. The main force equalizing pad 4 of the present invention is fixed to the outside or fixedly connected to an external frame 6 that does not move left and right.

[0030] The tough spring 2 and the hydraulic telescopic force arm 1 of the present invention act in two directions in the horizontal direction. The two directions act simultaneously to achieve the effect of jointly squeezing the upper and lower external frames 6, and achieve the effect of simulating a more realistic ground stress. At the same time, the force arm telescopic control systems on both sides complement each other and are indispensable. At the same time, the main force balancing pad 4 and the secondary force balancing pad 3 of the present invention, when external conditions exert pressure on the device, the main force balancing pad 4 is conducive to artificially controlling the pressure size and balancing the pressure. The secondary force balancing pad 3 is distributed between the tough spring 2 and the hydraulic telescopic force arm 1. When pressure suddenly concentrates on the main force balancing pad 4, the secondary force balancing pad 3 can play a buffering role, which is conducive to the long-term use of the device; the secondary force balancing pad 3 and the main force balancing pad 4 work together to effectively control the telescopic length and telescopic rate of the force arm. Due to its buffering effect, it is conducive to observing the phenomenon in the frame. At the same time, the tough spring 2 of the present invention can also prevent excessive pressure from causing damage to the instrument, play a buffering role, and then transmit the buffered stress to the hydraulic telescopic force arm 1, and at the same time be subjected to hydraulic pressure, and then apply confining pressure to the frame.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the movable base plate system of the present invention includes a movable base plate 7, a force equalizing pad 8, a secondary screw lifting arm 9, a main screw lifting arm 10, a control conductor 11, a support controller 12 and a base plate fixture 17; the movable base plate 7 is triangular, and the base plate fixture 17 connects four movable base plates 7 into one body to form a movable unit. The movable units are placed on the bottom surface of the test device according to the same intervals. The bottom surface of the test device is composed of a movable base plate 7 and waterproof rubbers connected to each other, so as to ensure that each movable base plate 7 can move relative to each other. The movable units are arranged at a certain interval to ensure that there is no mutual interference when the bottom surface of the test device moves to the maximum extent, and to meet the test conditions. A single screw lifting system includes a secondary screw lifting arm 9, a main screw lifting arm 10 and a force equalizing pad 8. A single screw lifting system is arranged under each movable base plate 7, and four screw lifting systems are arranged under one movable unit. The force equalizing pad 8 is fixed on each movable bottom plate 7, and a secondary screw lifting arm 9 is arranged under the movable bottom plate 7, and a main screw lifting arm 10 is arranged under the secondary screw lifting arm 9. The main screw lifting arm 10 is connected to the support controller 12 through the control conductor 11, and the control conductor 11 and the support controller 12 control the lifting and lowering of the secondary screw lifting arm 9 and the main screw lifting arm 10. The secondary screw lifting arm 9 is embedded in the main screw lifting arm 10. When making the model, the friction between the two should be reduced as much as possible to increase the service life of the model. The control conductor 11 is connected to the secondary screw lifting arm 9 and the main screw lifting arm 10 through a built-in motor and a wire. First, the main screw lifting arm 10 is controlled to lift and lower at a certain rate. After reaching a certain telescopic length, the secondary screw lifting arm 9 is controlled to lift and lower at a certain lifting rate to fine-tune the overall angle and length. The bottom plate telescopic centralized processor 15 is connected to the control conductor 11 through an external wire 13 , and controls the movement of the secondary screw lifting arm 9 and the main screw lifting arm 10 by controlling the movement of the control conductor 11 .

[0032] In the present invention, one movable unit includes four movable bottom plates 7, each movable bottom plate 7 can be lifted and lowered individually by a screw rod lifting system arranged at the bottom thereof, and by controlling the different lifting displacements of the screw rods, the structural uplift and subsidence of a small area can be simulated. Each movable bottom plate 7 of the present invention is connected by a waterproof rubber, and four screw rod lifting systems are arranged under each movable unit, and the outer movable bottom plate 7 is also connected to the outer frame 6 by a waterproof rubber.

[0033] The force equalizing pad 8 of the present invention can prevent the bottom plate of the bottom surface of the test device from being damaged due to excessive pressure on the secondary screw lifting arm 9, and can also play a buffering role when the screw is lifted.

[0034] The present invention also includes a motion control system including a lateral telescopic centralized processor 14, a bottom plate telescopic centralized processor 15 and a PC terminal 16. The lateral telescopic centralized processor 14 collects data related to the telescopic displacement of the telescopic arm and its telescopic rate, and transmits it to the PC terminal 16. Each control conductor 11 is connected to the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor 15 through an external wire 13, and the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor 15 is connected to the PC terminal 16 through an external wire 13 and transmits data related to the lifting displacement of the screw rod lifting arm and its lifting rate and the inclination angle of the movable bottom plate after lifting to the PC terminal 16. The lateral telescopic centralized processor 14 controls the movement of the hydraulic telescopic arm 1 through the external wire 13, and controls the telescopic length and telescopic rate of the hydraulic telescopic arm 1 and the micro deformation of the ductile spring 2 to squeeze the stratum in the study area on the stress loading plate 5, thereby affecting the stress state of the slope rock and soil on both sides of the inclined valley, and adjusting the stress of the model stress servo loading system on the upper and lower sides to adjust the internal stress state of the simulated slope. The bottom plate telescopic centralized processor 15 is connected to the control conductor 11 through an external wire 13, and controls the rotation of the motor in the conductor 11.

[0035] The device of the present invention can simulate the application of pressure to the slope deformation test device from both sides and the bottom, and can apply local pressure, so as to simulate the real destruction process of the slope in a special area, such as simulating the slope deformation test of crustal uplift and valley incision.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention also discloses a method for using a slope deformation test device, comprising the following steps (taking a slope test as an example):

[0037] Step 1: Slope model preparation

[0038] Using the geological engineering analogy method, according to the basic parameters such as slope topography, geological structure, hydrogeological conditions and ground stress obtained from actual engineering geological surveys, different materials are used to prefabricate the slope geometry according to the different types of soil landslides and rock landslides, and they are stacked as required to form a regional slope model that meets the requirements. The regional slope model is placed in the cavity formed by the external frame 6 and the bottom surface of the test device.

[0039] Step 2: Preliminary inspection work

[0040] Start the lateral telescopic centralized processor 14 and the base plate telescopic centralized processor 15, adjust the telescopic rate of each telescopic arm at a low speed, and observe whether the model stress servo loading system and the movable base plate system are working normally. If the model stress servo loading system and the movable base plate system are working normally, adjust the parameters of the two processors to the initial values ​​and prepare for the test. Otherwise, turn off the processors and check the model stress servo loading system and the movable base plate system. Turn on the PC terminal 16, repeat the above steps to adjust the rate of each telescopic arm, and observe whether the PC terminal 16 has experimental data and results. If it is displayed normally, adjust the parameters to the initial values ​​and prepare for the test. Otherwise, turn off the PC terminal 16 and perform repair processing.

[0041] Step 3: Experiment officially begins

[0042] After the preliminary inspection of the test is completed, the lateral telescopic centralized processor 14 is started, and the telescopic rate of each telescopic arm is adjusted so that the stress loading plate applies confining pressure to the slope model test, and the confining pressure of the slope model boundary is obtained through the soil pressure sensor on the stress loading plate 5. The confining pressure is applied until the value of the ground stress under the similarity criterion is reached, and the telescopic arm rate is adjusted to return the rates of the toughness spring 2 and the hydraulic telescopic arm 1 to zero; then the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor 15 is started, and the bottom surface rising rate of the test device is adjusted by adjusting the telescopic length of the secondary screw lifting arm 9 and the main screw lifting arm 10 to simulate the crustal uplift rate of the inclined valley in the study area; the valley cutting process is simulated by water flow; finally, the slope deformation and destruction evolution characteristics of the slope model under the control of the regional structure and different stress conditions are observed.

[0043] Step 4: End of the experiment

[0044] First, pause and save the relevant data of the PC end 16 for backup; then, retract the toughness spring 2 and the hydraulic telescopic arm 1 back to the original position through the lateral telescopic centralized processor 14, and lower or raise the secondary screw lifting arm 9 and the main screw lifting arm 10 to the original position through the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor 15. After completion, turn off the power source of the test system; finally, clean the soil on the workbench, organize the wires, and complete the experiment.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform, the test device is surrounded by an external frame, the bottom of the test device is a movable floor system, and the two sides corresponding to the external frame are model stress servo loading systems, characterized by: The upper and lower external frames can move relative to the left and right external frames. The model stress servo loading system includes a main force equalizing pad, a force equalizing device and a stress loading plate. Multiple force equalizing devices are arranged between the main force equalizing pad and the stress loading plate. Each force equalizing device includes a hydraulic telescopic force arm, a tough spring, and a secondary force equalizing pad. One end of the hydraulic telescopic force arm is fixedly connected to the stress loading plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the secondary force equalizing pad; the tough spring is fixed between the secondary force equalizing pad and the main force equalizing pad; the stress loading plate is fixed on the external frame that can be moved up and down; the movable bottom plate system includes a movable bottom plate, a force equalizing pad, and a secondary screw lifting force arm , main screw lifting arm, control conductor, support controller and bottom plate holder; the movable bottom plate is triangular, the bottom plate holder connects four movable bottom plates into one to form a movable unit, the movable unit is placed on the bottom surface of the test device according to the same interval, the bottom surface of the test device is composed of a movable bottom plate and interconnected waterproof rubber, a single screw lifting system includes a secondary screw lifting arm, a main screw lifting arm and a force equalizing pad, a single screw lifting system is arranged under each movable bottom plate, the force equalizing pad is fixed on each movable bottom plate, a secondary screw lifting arm is arranged under the movable bottom plate, and a main screw lifting arm is arranged under the secondary screw lifting arm; The main screw lifting arm is connected to the support controller through a control conductor, and the control conductor and the support controller control the lifting and lowering of the secondary screw lifting arm and the main screw lifting arm; it also includes a base plate telescopic centralized processor, and the base plate telescopic centralized processor is connected to the control conductor through an external wire; each movable base plate is lifted and lowered individually by the screw lifting arranged at its lower part.

2. The test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to claim 1 is characterized by: It also includes a motion control system, which includes a lateral telescopic centralized processor, a base plate telescopic centralized processor and a PC terminal. The lateral telescopic centralized processor collects data related to the telescopic displacement and telescopic rate of the telescopic arm and transmits it to the PC terminal. Each control conductor is connected to the base plate telescopic centralized processor through an external wire. The base plate telescopic centralized processor is connected to the PC terminal through an external wire and transmits the lifting displacement of the screw lifting arm, its lifting rate and the inclination angle of the movable base plate after lifting to the PC terminal.

3. The test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to claim 2 is characterized by: The lateral telescopic centralized processor controls the movement of the hydraulic telescopic arm through external wires. By controlling the telescopic length and telescopic rate of the hydraulic telescopic arm and the micro-deformation of the ductile spring, the stress loading plate squeezes the strata in the study area, thereby affecting the stress state of the slope rock and soil on both sides of the inclined valley. By adjusting the stress of the model stress servo loading system on the upper and lower sides, the internal stress state of the simulated slope is adjusted.

4. The test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to claim 2 is characterized by: The bottom plate telescopic centralized processor is connected to the control conductor through an external wire and controls the rotational movement of the motor in the conductor.

5. The test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to claim 1 is characterized by: The outer frame consists of a clear acrylic frame.

6. The test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to claim 1 is characterized by: The upper and lower external frames and the left and right external frames can be connected by a waterproof rubber.

7. The test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to claim 1 is characterized by: The main force equalizing pad is fixed on the outside or fixedly connected to an external frame that does not move left or right.

8. The test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to claim 1 is characterized by: The tough spring and the hydraulic telescopic force arm act in two directions in the horizontal direction. The simultaneous action in the two directions can achieve the purpose of jointly squeezing the upper and lower external frames.

9. The test device for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform according to claim 1 is characterized by: The secondary screw lifting arm is embedded in the main screw lifting arm, and the control conductor is connected to the secondary screw lifting arm and the main screw lifting arm through the built-in motor through the wire.

10. A method for simulating the slope deformation process under the coupling of structure and landform, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Slope model preparation: Using the geological engineering analogy method, basic parameters are obtained according to the actual engineering geological survey. According to the different types of soil landslides and rock landslides, different materials are used to prefabricate the slope geometry, and they are stacked into a regional slope model that meets the requirements; the regional slope model is placed in the cavity formed by the external frame and the bottom surface of the test device; Step 2: Preliminary inspection: Start the lateral telescopic centralized processor and the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor, adjust the telescopic rate of each telescopic arm, and observe whether the model stress servo loading system and the movable bottom plate system are working normally. If they are working normally, prepare for the test; otherwise, turn off the processor and check the model stress servo loading system and the movable bottom plate system; Step 3: The test is officially launched: start the lateral telescopic centralized processor, adjust the telescopic rate of each telescopic arm so that the stress loading plate applies confining pressure to the slope model test, and obtain the confining pressure of the slope model boundary through the soil pressure sensor on the stress loading plate. Apply the confining pressure until the value of the ground stress under the similarity criterion is reached, and adjust the telescopic arm rate to return the toughness spring and hydraulic telescopic arm rate to zero; then start the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor, adjust the secondary screw lifting arm and the main screw lifting arm screw length to adjust the bottom surface rising rate of the test device, and simulate the crust uplift rate of the inclined valley in the study area; simulate the valley cutting process through water flow; finally, observe the slope deformation and destruction evolution characteristics of the slope model under the control of regional structure and different stress conditions; Step 4: Finish the test: Pause and save the relevant data on the PC for backup; then use the lateral telescopic centralized processor to retract the toughness spring and hydraulic telescopic arm back to their original positions, and use the bottom plate telescopic centralized processor to lower or raise the secondary screw lifting arm and the main screw lifting arm to their original positions.

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