An assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test device and test method suitable for structural components

Abstract

The present invention proposes an assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test device and test method suitable for structural members, which belongs to the field of building structure technology. It solves the problem that existing test devices can only realize monotonic compression or monotonic tension conditions, and cannot realize reciprocating tension-compression test loading. The present invention mainly includes a loading device connection part, a test member connection part and a test member. The present invention effectively avoids the problems of premature damage to the ends of structural members and insufficient transmission of tension-compression loads during reciprocating tension-compression loading, ensures the effective transmission and conversion of tension-compression loads in metal tube-concrete composite members, and adjusts the position of the tension-compression rotating shaft through the eccentricity adjustment shaft. The present invention can apply tension-compression reciprocating loads of arbitrary eccentricity to structural members, adopts assembled mechanical connection, and the test device assembly operation is convenient, which can realize rapid installation and rapid replacement of test members and loading devices, reducing the extra workload during the test process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building structures, and in particular relates to an assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression testing device and a testing method suitable for structural components. Background Art

[0002] Metal tube components and metal tube-concrete composite components are currently the two most widely used types of building structural components. Metal tubes are primarily weldable metal tubes such as common structural steel tubes and stainless steel tubes. The concrete filling in metal tube-concrete composite structural components includes ordinary concrete, high-strength concrete, recycled concrete, and ultra-high performance concrete. These structural components have been widely used in industrial plants, stadiums, high-rise buildings, long-span bridges, transmission towers, and other structures. When subjected to seismic loads or wind loads, metal tubes or metal tube-concrete composite components are often subjected to reciprocating tension and compression. Reciprocating tension and compression damage to structural components is a key cause of performance degradation and even failure, and is the basis for analyzing their failure mechanisms under the cyclic action of multiple coupled loads.

[0003] However, existing testing devices are often only able to carry out monotonic compression or monotonic tension tests on metal tubes or metal tube-concrete composite components. When conducting tension-compression tests, the failure areas of some existing tension-compression testing devices often appear at the connection joints at the ends of the specimens, and the heat-affected zones of the end welds often fail before the specimens. When the specimen is a metal tube-concrete composite component, the existing devices cannot fully ensure that the tension-compression loads are effectively transmitted to the core concrete inside, resulting in the metal tube being directly stressed and no combined effect with the core concrete. Moreover, the existing devices are prone to stress concentration when they only rely on bolts for tension, and the end plates are prone to bending deformation during tension-compression conversion, resulting in excessive virtual displacement of the specimens and distorted test results, making it impossible to study the reciprocating tension-compression mechanical properties of metal tube components and metal tube-concrete composite components.

[0004] In addition, when the specimen is under eccentric stress, the eccentricity of the existing loading device is difficult to adjust or the adjustable accuracy is insufficient, and the welding area and bolt connection area at the end of the metal pipe are more prone to brittle failure under reciprocating tension-bending coupled loads. The hinged boundary conditions at the end of the specimen make it difficult to ensure that the specimen can rotate freely under the action of bending moment, resulting in the test results not reflecting the actual stress conditions of the specimen. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to solve the problem that existing test devices can only realize monotonic compression or monotonic tension conditions and cannot perform reciprocating tension-compression tests; and existing tension-compression test devices often suffer brittle failure at the end connections, and the end clamps and bolt tension cannot ensure the effective transmission and smooth conversion of tension-compression loads in the metal tube-concrete composite structure; when there is an eccentric load, the existing loading device cannot realize the application of arbitrary eccentric loads, and the rotation ability of the end cannot be fully guaranteed. Virtual displacement will be generated during the loading process, resulting in insufficient reliability of the reciprocating tension-compression test results of the metal tube or metal tube-concrete composite component.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: an assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test device and test method suitable for structural components, comprising a loading device connecting portion, a test member connecting portion, and a test member, wherein the loading device connecting portion is connected to the test member connecting portion, and the test member connecting portion is connected to the test member;

[0007] The loading device connection part includes a chuck end, a chuck plate and a chuck cover plate, the chuck end is located below the chuck plate, and the chuck cover plate fixes the chuck end and the chuck plate;

[0008] The test component's connection section includes a connecting plate, an eccentricity adjustment shaft, a tension-compression shaft, and a connecting base. The connecting plate is vertically mounted on the connecting base. The connecting plate is provided with an axial loading fixing hole II. A chute is provided on the connecting plate, within which the tension-compression shaft is mounted. The eccentricity adjustment shaft passes through the chute and the tension-compression shaft. The tension-compression shaft is a cubic steel block with round steel columns welded at both ends. A hole is drilled in the center for wire-cutting, and the wire-cutting parameters are consistent with those of the eccentricity adjustment shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, an axial loading fixing hole I is provided on the chuck end, and an axial loading fixing hole II is provided on the connecting plate of the connecting part of the test component. When axial loading is required, pins can be inserted into the axial loading fixing hole I and the axial loading fixing hole II to ensure that the load is applied axially.

[0010] Furthermore, the tension-compression load is applied by an MTS testing machine, which is equipped with a clamp, and the chuck end 1-1 is inserted into the clamp and clamped, and the load is applied by using the friction between the clamp and the chuck end.

[0011] Furthermore, the connection parts of the loading device and the test component need to be assembled before the test. During assembly, the tension-compression shaft is placed in the corresponding slide groove position of the connecting plate, and then the eccentricity adjustment shaft is inserted. After adjusting and determining the required eccentricity, the nut on the outside of the eccentricity adjustment shaft is tightened to fix the position of the tension-compression shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the test component connection part also includes a center bolt, and the connecting base plate is connected to the test component through the center bolt. The center bolt includes a straight screw, a nut and several shear keys. A nut is installed at one end of the center bolt, and several shear keys are welded to the outer periphery of the center bolt.

[0013] Furthermore, the test component part includes two end plates, an outer metal tube and core concrete. The upper and lower ends of the outer metal tube are respectively connected to the end plates. The center of the end plate is drilled and wire-cut. The outer metal tube is filled with core concrete.

[0014] Furthermore, the end plate is provided with an arcuate groove, the edge of the groove is processed with a groove, an arcuate portion is cut out at a corresponding position of the end of the outer metal tube, and the outer metal tube is inserted into the end plate and connected by plug welding.

[0015] Furthermore, the test component part needs to be processed and assembled before the experiment. The center bolt can be unscrewed from the side of the component to the outside, and the upper part of the straight screw passes through the center hole of the end plate and is unscrewed to the corresponding length according to the design. Then, one side of the end plate is plug-welded to the outer metal pipe. When there is core concrete in the pipe, concrete is poured, and the other side end plate is installed before the concrete solidifies. Similarly, the straight screw needs to be screwed in in advance, and plug welding is performed after the core concrete is cured. When the component is only a metal pipe, the shear key does not need to be welded to the lower part of the straight screw, and the end plates on both sides can be plug-welded to the outer metal pipe at the same time. After the end plates on both sides are plug-welded to the outer metal pipe, the metal pipe stiffeners can be welded, and the welding position is at the unplug-welded part of the outer metal pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, after the test component is partially processed and assembled, the upper part of the straight screw extending from the end plate is passed through the center hole of the connecting base plate and fastened to the connecting base plate using the corresponding nut. Subsequently, the U-shaped pad is embedded and the limit bolt is screwed in to prevent the U-shaped pad from slipping out during loading. The corner bolts are respectively passed through the corner bolt holes of the connecting base plate and the component end plate and tightened to complete the assembly of the entire device.

[0017] A test method using the assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test device for structural components comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. Assembly process: Design the corresponding components according to the test requirements, connect the end plate of the test component to the connecting base plate using the center bolts and corner bolts, then connect the connection part of the loading device to the connection part of the test component, insert the chuck end into the MTS fixture and clamp it, complete the connection between the test device and the loading device, and install the strain monitoring equipment and displacement monitoring equipment according to the test requirements;

[0019] S2. Test process: Use the MTS load application device to apply axial or eccentric loads to the test component. The loads are monotonic tension load, monotonic compression load, cyclic tension load, cyclic compression load or cyclic tension-compression load or any combination of load conditions.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantageous effects of the assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test device and test method for structural components described in the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention realizes the application of tensile-compressive reciprocating loads to structural components and the end connections are reliable, while reducing the generation of virtual displacement when the load is applied, further improving the test operability and test accuracy. The designed test component connection part connects the loading device and the test component, which can effectively transmit the tensile-compressive load applied by the loading device, and realizes tensile-compressive reciprocating loading of the structural component; the outer metal tube is cut according to the design and inserted into the arc-shaped groove bevel of the end plate for plug welding, and stiffening ribs are used at the same time to ensure the reliable connection between the test piece and the end plate, avoiding the problem of brittle failure of traditional fillet welds in the heat-affected zone of the end welding; the lower part of the center bolt is connected to the end plate of the test component with a threaded connection, and the upper part of the center bolt is tightened with a bolt to effectively avoid the problem of the connection base plate and the center of the test component end plate being empty when the tensile-compressive load is applied.

[0022] 2. The present invention realizes the effective transmission of tension-compression loads in metal tube-concrete composite structural components. The central bolt and the four corner bolts work together to make the connection base plate and the end plate of the test component fit tightly. Under the compressive load, the end plate of the test component transmits uniform pressure. At this time, the outer metal tube and the core concrete share the load. Under the tensile load, the end plate of the test component directly transmits the tensile force to the outer metal tube. The lower part of the central bolt embedded in the core concrete is welded with a shear key, which transmits the tensile force to the core concrete, so that the outer metal tube and the core concrete share the tensile force, ensuring the effective transmission of tension-compression loads. Appropriately describe the effect of tension-compression conversion.

[0023] 3. This invention ensures the rotational capability of the test component ends, enabling the application of arbitrary eccentric loads. By adjusting the position of the tension-compression axis using an eccentricity adjustment shaft, tension-compression loads of arbitrary eccentricity can be applied to the test component. Furthermore, the connection between the loading device and the test component can be locally designed to meet specific eccentricity requirements based on research requirements and test component dimensions.

[0024] 4. The present invention utilizes an assembled mechanical connection, making the test device easy to assemble and operate, enabling rapid installation of test components. If any component is damaged, it can be quickly replaced, improving structural material utilization and reducing additional testing workload. Furthermore, the present invention has a wide range of applications, including studying the reciprocating tension-compression properties of metal tubular components and metal tubular-concrete composite components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are provided to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression testing device suitable for structural components according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection portion of a loading device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection portion of the test component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of an eccentricity adjustment portion in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a U-shaped spacer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection of a metal tube-concrete composite member in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection of metal pipe components in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a central bolt in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Description of reference numerals:

[0035] Loading device connection part 1, chuck end 1-1, chuck plate 1-2, chuck cover plate 1-3, chuck bolt 1-4, axial loading fixing hole I 1-5;

[0036] Test component connection part 2, connecting plate 2-1, eccentricity adjustment shaft 2-2, tension-compression shaft 2-3, axial loading fixing hole II 2-4, stiffening rib 2-5, connecting base plate 2-6, center bolt 2-7, corner bolt 2-8, straight screw 2-71, nut 2-72, shear key 2-73, U-shaped spacer 2-9, limit bolt 2-91;

[0037] Test component part 3, end plate 3-1, outer metal tube 3-2, core concrete 3-3, metal tube stiffener 3-4. Specific implementation methods

[0038] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein can be combined with each other in the absence of conflict, and the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0039] See also Figure 1-8 To illustrate this implementation method, an assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test device suitable for structural components includes a loading device connection part 1, a test component connection part 2 and a test component 3, wherein the loading device connection part 1, the test component connection part 2 and the test component 3 are connected in sequence.

[0040] Combine Figure 2 As shown, the loading device connection portion 1 comprises a chuck end 1-1, a chuck plate 1-2, a chuck cover 1-3, chuck bolts 1-4, and axial loading fixing holes I 1-5. These components can be fabricated by cutting and welding steel plates. The chuck end 1-1 consists of a cubic portion and a U-shaped portion. The axial loading fixing holes I 1-5 are drilled on the chuck end 1-1, and the corresponding positions of the four chuck bolts 1-4 are drilled with wire drawing. The corresponding positions of the four chuck bolts 1-4 are drilled on the chuck plate 1-2, and the corresponding positions of the four chuck bolts 1-4 are drilled on the chuck cover 1-3. Tensile and compressive loads are applied using an MTS (electrohydraulic servo loading test system) testing machine equipped with a fixture. The upper cubic portion of the chuck end 1-1 is inserted into the fixture and clamped. The load is applied by friction between the fixture and the chuck end.

[0041] Combine Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the test component connection portion 2 includes a connecting plate 2-1, an eccentricity adjustment shaft 2-2, a tension-compression shaft 2-3, axial loading fixing hole II 2-4, stiffening ribs 2-5, a connecting base plate 2-6, a center bolt 2-7, corner bolts 2-8, a U-shaped spacer 2-9, and a limit bolt 2-91. The connecting plate 2-1, stiffening ribs 2-5, and connecting base plate 2-6 can be fabricated by cutting and welding steel plates, with holes drilled at the corresponding locations. The eccentricity adjustment shaft 2-2 is a long-rod bolt, while the tension-compression shaft 2-3 is a cubic steel block with round steel columns welded at both ends. The center hole is drilled using wire-cutting, with the same wire-cutting parameters as the eccentricity adjustment shaft 2-2. The eccentricity adjustment shaft 2-2 can be screwed through the tension-compression shaft 2-3. The U-shaped spacer 2-9 is machined from a cubic steel block, and has the same height as the rectangular space reserved at the bottom of the connecting plate 2-1. It is slightly narrower in width, and has holes drilled and threaded at corresponding positions on the side, into which the limit bolts 2-91 can be screwed.

[0042] The connecting base plate 2-6 is connected to the test member 3 through a central bolt 2-7 and a corner bolt 2-8. The central bolt 2-7 includes a straight screw 2-71, a nut 2-72 and a plurality of shear keys 2-73. A nut 2-72 is installed at one end of the central bolt 2-7, and a plurality of shear keys 2-73 are welded to the outer periphery of the central bolt 2-7.

[0043] Combine Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the loading device connection part 1 and the test component connection part 2 must be assembled before testing. During assembly, the tension-compression shaft 2-3 is placed in the corresponding slot position of the connecting plate 2-1, and then the eccentricity adjustment shaft 2-2 is inserted. After adjusting to the required eccentricity, the nut on the other side of the eccentricity adjustment shaft 2-2 is tightened to fix the position of the tension-compression shaft 2-3. The U-shaped portion of the chuck end 1-1 is inserted into the connecting plate 2-1. The semicircular groove of the U-shaped portion of the chuck end 1-1 and the semicircular groove of the chuck plate 1-2 surround the two side cylinders of the tension-compression shaft 2-3. The chuck end 1-1 and the chuck plate 1-2 are connected using the chuck cover plate 1-3 and chuck bolts 1-4.

[0044] Combine Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the test component 3 comprises an end plate 3-1, an outer metal tube 3-2, and a concrete core 3-3. The outer metal tube 3-2 is connected to the end plate 3-1 at its upper and lower ends. A hole is drilled in the center of the end plate 3-1 using wire cutting, and the outer metal tube 3-2 is filled with concrete core 3-3. An arcuate groove is formed in the end plate 3-1, with a beveled edge. A corresponding arcuate portion is cut at the end of the outer metal tube 3-2. The outer metal tube 3-2 is then inserted into the end plate 3-1 and connected using plug welding.

[0045] Combine Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, the test component portion 3 must be completely machined and assembled before testing. The center bolt 2-7 can be unscrewed from the side of the component toward the outside. The upper portion of the straight screw 2-71 passes through the center hole of the end plate 3-1 and is unscrewed to the desired length as designed. One end plate 3-1 is then plug-welded to the outer metal tube 3-2. If core concrete 3-3 is present within the tube, concrete is poured, and the other end plate 3-1 is installed before the concrete solidifies. Similarly, the straight screw 2-71 must be screwed in advance. After the core concrete 3-3 is cured, plug welding is performed. If the component consists solely of a metal tube, the shear key 2-73 can be omitted from the lower portion of the straight screw 2-71, and the length of the straight screw 2-71 can be reduced accordingly. Both end plates 3-1 and the outer metal tube 3-2 can be plug-welded simultaneously. After plug welding is complete between the end plates 3-1 and the outer metal tube 3-2, the metal tube stiffener 3-4 can be welded to the unplugged portion of the outer metal tube 3-2.

[0046] Combine Figures 1 to 8As shown, after the test component 3 is machined and assembled, the upper portion of the straight screw 2-71 extending from the end plate 3-1 is passed through the center hole of the connecting base plate 2-6 and secured to the connecting base plate 2-6 using the corresponding nut 2-73. The U-shaped spacer 2-9 is then inserted and the stop bolt 2-91 is screwed in to prevent the U-shaped spacer from slipping out during loading. The corner bolts 2-8 are passed through the corner bolt holes of the connecting base plate 2-6 and the component end plate 3-1 and tightened, completing the assembly of the entire device.

[0047] Furthermore, the components in the test device are all connected by cutting and welding steel plates, and the loading device connection part 1 and the test component connection part 2 are recommended to use metal materials with higher strength and rigidity than the test component part 3.

[0048] Furthermore, the cube portion of the chuck end 1-1 can have different cross-sectional shapes such as circular, square, and diamond according to the loading device fixture.

[0049] Furthermore, the size of the test component connection portion 2 can be designed according to test requirements, thereby achieving large eccentricity loading.

[0050] Furthermore, the outer metal tube 3-2 can be a steel tube of different materials, a stainless steel tube, etc., and the core concrete 3-3 can be different types of ordinary concrete, high-strength concrete, recycled concrete, self-compacting concrete, etc.

[0051] Furthermore, when axial loading is required, pins can be inserted into the axial loading fixing holes Ⅰ1-5 and the axial loading fixing holes Ⅱ2-4 to ensure that the load is applied in the axial direction.

[0052] Furthermore, it is recommended that bolts and screws be made of high-strength materials to ensure the connection strength of the loading device.

[0053] Furthermore, the U-shaped pad 2-9 fits tightly with the connecting plate 2-1 and the center bolt 2-7, ensuring the transmission of axial force and improving the rigidity of the device.

[0054] Combine Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides an assembled reciprocating tension-compression test method applicable to structural components, comprising the following steps:

[0055] During S1, design the corresponding components according to the test requirements. Connect the test component end plate 3-1 to the connecting base plate 2-6 using the center bolt 2-7 and the corner bolts 2-8. Then, connect the loading device connection part 1 to the test component connection part 2. Insert the chuck end 1-1 into the MTS fixture and clamp it, completing the connection between the test device and the loading device. Install the strain monitoring equipment and displacement monitoring equipment as required.

[0056] During the S2 test, an MTS load application device is used to apply axial or eccentric loads to the test component. The loads can be monotonic tension, monotonic compression, cyclic tension, cyclic compression, or cyclic tension-compression, or any combination thereof. The applied axial force and test component deformation are recorded using the corresponding device.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to illustrate the present invention. These embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present invention to the specific embodiments described. Numerous modifications and variations are possible based on the contents of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test method suitable for structural components, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Assembly process: Design the corresponding components according to the test requirements, connect the test component end plate (3-1) and the connecting base plate (2-6) using the center bolt (2-7) and the corner bolt (2-8), then complete the connection between the loading device connection part (1) and the test component connection part (2), insert the chuck end (1-1) into the MTS fixture and clamp it, complete the connection between the test device and the loading device, and install the strain monitoring equipment and displacement monitoring equipment according to the test requirements; S2. Test process: Use the MTS load application device to apply axial or eccentric load to the test component part (3), and the load is any one or a combination of monotonic tension load, monotonic compression load, cyclic tension load, cyclic compression load or cyclic tension-compression load; The device applied to the assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test method for structural components comprises a loading device connection part (1) and a test component connection part (2), wherein the loading device connection part (1) and the test component connection part (2) are connected, and the test component connection part (2) is connected to the test component part (3); The loading device connection part (1) comprises a chuck end (1-1), a chuck plate (1-2) and a chuck cover plate (1-3), wherein the chuck plate (1-2) is located below the chuck end (1-1), and the chuck cover plate (1-3) fixedly connects the chuck end (1-1) and the chuck plate (1-2). The test component connection part (2) includes a connection plate (2-1), an eccentricity adjustment shaft (2-2), a tension-compression shaft (2-3) and a connection base plate (2-6); the connection plate (2-1) is vertically mounted on the connection base plate (2-6); the connection plate (2-1) is provided with an axial loading fixing hole II (2-4); the connection plate (2-1) is provided with a slide groove; the tension-compression shaft (2-3) is mounted in the slide groove; the eccentricity adjustment shaft (2-2) crosses the slide groove and passes through the tension-compression shaft (2-3); An axial loading fixing hole I (1-5) is provided on the chuck end (1-1), and an axial loading fixing hole II (2-4) is provided on the connecting plate (2-1) of the test component connecting portion (2). When axial loading is required, pins can be inserted into the axial loading fixing hole I (1-5) and the axial loading fixing hole II (2-4) to ensure that the load is applied in the axial direction. The test component part (3) includes two end plates (3-1), an outer metal tube (3-2) and core concrete (3-3), the upper and lower ends of the outer metal tube (3-2) are respectively connected to the end plates (3-1), the center of the end plate (3-1) is drilled and wire-cut, and the outer metal tube (3-2) is filled with core concrete (3-3); The test component connection part (2) further comprises a central bolt (2-7), the connection base plate (2-6) is connected to the test component via the central bolt (2-7), the central bolt (2-7) comprises a straight screw (2-71), a nut (2-72) and a plurality of shear keys (2-73), one end of the central bolt (2-7) is mounted with a nut (2-72), and the outer periphery of the central bolt (2-7) is welded with a plurality of shear keys (2-73).

2. The assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test method for structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensile-compressive load is applied by an MTS testing machine equipped with a clamp. The chuck end (1-1) is inserted into the clamp and clamped, and the load is applied by the friction between the clamp and the chuck end.

3. The assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test method for structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading device connection part (1) and the test component connection part (2) need to be assembled before the test. During assembly, the tension-compression shaft (2-3) is placed in the corresponding slide groove position of the connecting plate (2-1), and then the eccentricity adjustment shaft (2-2) is inserted. After adjusting and determining the required eccentricity, the nut on the outside of the eccentricity adjustment shaft (2-2) is tightened, and the position of the tension-compression shaft (2-3) is fixed.

4. The assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test method for structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end plate (3-1) is provided with an arcuate groove, the edge of the groove is processed with a bevel, an arcuate portion is cut out at a corresponding position of the end of the outer metal tube (3-2), and the outer metal tube (3-2) is inserted into the end plate (3-1) and connected by plug welding.

5. The assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test method for structural components according to claim 4, characterized in that: The test component part (3) needs to be processed and assembled before the experiment. The center bolt (2-7) can be screwed out from the side of the component to the outside. The upper part of the straight screw (2-71) passes through the center hole of the end plate (3-1) and is screwed out to the corresponding length according to the design. Then, one side of the end plate (3-1) is plug-welded to the outer metal pipe (3-2). When there is core concrete (3-3) in the pipe, concrete is poured. Before the concrete solidifies, the other side end plate (3-1) is installed. Similarly, the straight screw (2-71) needs to be screwed in in advance, and plug welding is performed after the core concrete (3-3) is cured. When the component is only a metal tube, the shear key (2-73) may not be welded to the lower part of the straight screw (2-71), and the end plates (3-1) on both sides and the outer metal tube (3-2) can be plug welded at the same time. After the end plates (3-1) on both sides and the outer metal tube (3-2) are plug welded, the metal tube stiffener 3-4 can be welded, and the welding position is the unplug-welded part of the outer metal tube (3-2).

6. The assembled axial and eccentric reciprocating tension-compression test method for structural components according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the processing and assembly of the test component part (3) is completed, the upper part of the straight screw (2-71) extending out of the end plate (3-1) passes through the center hole of the connecting base plate (2-6) and is connected and fastened with the connecting base plate (2-6) using the corresponding nut (2-72). Then, the U-shaped pad (2-9) is embedded and the limit bolt (2-91) is screwed in to prevent the U-shaped pad (2-9) from slipping out during loading. The corner bolts (2-8) are respectively passed through the corner bolt holes of the connecting base plate (2-6) and the component end plate (3-1) and tightened to complete the assembly of the entire device.

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