Automatic measuring equipment for farmland moisture evapotranspiration

Abstract

The invention discloses farmland moisture evapotranspiration automatic measuring equipment, and relates to the technical field of agricultural measurement, the technical scheme is characterized in that the farmland moisture evapotranspiration automatic measuring equipment comprises a measuring pit body and an automatic timing cruising weighing system, two rows of multiple symmetrically distributed measuring cylinders are arranged in the measuring pit body, the top of the measuring pit is provided with a rain shelter, and the rain shelter is arranged in the measuring pit body. The bottom of the rain shelter is provided with a track fixed at the edge of the measuring pit body, and the rain shelter is used for moving along the track; the automatic timing cruise weighing system comprises an automatic timing cruise weighing device, a device controller and a data acquisition processor. According to the invention, research on evapotranspiration change rules of different growth stages in the whole growth period of different planted crops is carried out, so that a scientific basis is provided for scientific irrigation, and the problems of too high cost and single sample of weighing data acquisition are effectively solved; the effects of studying the drought relief threshold value and formulating an optimal irrigation scheme by combining prediction of soil humidity, precipitation, radiation, temperature change and the like are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural measurement, and more specifically to an automatic measurement device for evaporation of water in farmland. Background Art

[0002] The automatic measuring equipment for evapotranspiration of farmland water includes a measuring tube for planting crops and a measuring pit for placing the measuring tube, wherein the measuring tube is mainly composed of backfill soil and a soil temperature and humidity sensor buried in the soil. The measuring pit generally includes a bracket for placing the measuring tube, an underground track, and an automatic timing cruise weighing device arranged on the underground track. The automatic timing cruise weighing device includes a movable and retractable elevator arranged on the underground track and an electronic scale arranged on the elevator for weighing the measuring tube. The automatic timing cruise weighing device can slide along the pulley guide rail on the underground track through the pulley arranged at the bottom, and automatically weigh the measuring tube in turn at the specified time. In order to realize the accurate weighing of the measuring tube weight by the automatic timing cruise weighing device, an infrared locator is arranged directly below the center of each measuring tube, at the measuring point on the top plate of the trolley and at the bottom center of the electronic scale, and the measuring tube, the mobile lifting platform and the electronic scale are accurately positioned by the infrared locator. The data collector is connected to the electronic scale, and the control system controls the operation of the motor of the elevator, the lifting of the elevator, and the processing and display of the data collected by the data collector.

[0003] With the development of information technology and Internet of Things technology, many Internet of Things technologies have been applied to scientific research, such as automated meteorological element observation, agriculture, water conservancy-related machinery and observation equipment, etc. In the context of rising labor costs, intelligent solutions have emerged. The demand for precise automation of scientific research has led scientific researchers in enterprises and institutions to develop and store a large amount of observation data to improve the support and efficiency of scientific research data. There are some problems with the technical limitations of automated observation equipment based on the Internet of Things. Taking automated timing weighing as an example, traditional automated weighing is weighing a single measuring bucket. Weighing a single measuring bucket means that each measuring bucket needs to have a corresponding bracket, measuring bucket, elevator, high-precision electronic scale, and data acquisition unit. The weighing of a single measuring bucket has high costs and a single sample of sampling data, which has caused great difficulties in obtaining test data related to crop water evaporation and drought. The development of automated timing cruise weighing vehicles has largely solved the problems of high cost and single sample of weighing data collection. A weighing vehicle can automatically weigh multiple measuring buckets, use rechargeable batteries to achieve automatic weighing, and can weigh remotely at any time through a mobile phone. The economic cost and work efficiency of obtaining multi-sample efficient weighing test data have been greatly improved, which needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide an automatic measurement device for farmland water evapotranspiration to solve the problems of high cost and single sample of weighing data collection. The specific scheme is as follows: An automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of water in farmland comprises a measuring pit body and an automatic timing cruise weighing system. The measuring pit body is provided with two rows of a plurality of symmetrically distributed measuring cylinders, so a rain shelter is provided on the top of the measuring pit, a track fixed to the edge of the measuring pit body is provided at the bottom of the rain shelter, and the rain shelter is used to move along the track; the automatic timing cruise weighing system comprises an automatic timing cruise weighing device, a device control and a data acquisition processor.

[0005] Preferably, the measuring pit body is provided with a corridor between two rows of the plurality of measuring cylinders, and the depth of the corridor is 40 cm and the width is 1 m.

[0006] Preferably: the side walls and the top of the corridor are provided with steel frames, and the steel frames are covered with floor tiles.

[0007] Preferably, the distance between two adjacent measuring cylinders is 10 cm, and the distance between the measuring cylinder and the edge of the measuring pit body is 10 cm.

[0008] Preferably, the rain shelter is composed of vertical panels symmetrically distributed on both sides and an inverted V-shaped panel located on the top, and both the vertical panels and the inverted V-shaped panels are light-transmitting sunlight panels.

[0009] Preferably, the track is 2n meters long, and the length of the rain shelter is n meters.

[0010] Preferably, the height of the rain shelter is 3 meters and the width is 3.6 meters.

[0011] Preferably: the automatic timing cruise weighing equipment comprises a plurality of weighing rail cars matched with the corresponding measuring cylinders.

[0012] Preferably: the device control includes a gateway and a router connected to the gateway by a wired network, the router is connected to a host computer server or a host computer server and a PC and / or a mobile phone; the weighing railcar is provided with a controller, and the information collected by the controller is sent to the gateway through the RS485 protocol; the controller controls the automatic cruising and weighing of the weighing railcar through a single-chip microcomputer, and the gateway and the controller communicate wirelessly through a single-chip microcomputer and LORA.

[0013] Preferably: the data acquisition processor includes developing data acquisition and remote control using JAVA language and MQTT communication protocol, using a server system based on Windows Server 2012 version as the operating system, and using Sqlserver 2012 database for implementation; in the data acquisition and processing, it includes using a host computer to store the weighing data transmitted by the gateway through the external network, and forwarding the instructions sent by the mobile phone and / or PC to the data transmission unit, and the data transmission unit wirelessly transmits them to the controller to remotely control the rail weighing vehicle; the mobile phone and / or PC are used for remote control management, and the remote control management includes at least one of equipment fault alarm, data acquisition, data storage, data query and data statistical analysis.

[0014] It can be seen from the above scheme that the present application provides an automatic measurement device for farmland water evapotranspiration, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Provide scientific basis for scientific irrigation by conducting research on the changing laws of evapotranspiration of different crops at different growth stages during their entire growth period; 2. To study the threshold for drought relief and obtain test information on the irrigation threshold at which crops can resume normal growth when the continuous drought causes the crops to be on the verge of irreversible physiological changes; 3. By combining the predictions of soil moisture, precipitation, radiation and temperature changes, we can formulate the best irrigation plan for different growth stages of crops, develop a forecast system for appropriate irrigation time and irrigation amount, and effectively improve scientific decision-making plans for improving water use efficiency in arid irrigation areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test pit of this embodiment; Figure 2 2 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present embodiment; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the CC direction; Figure 4 4 is a flow chart of the automatic timing cruise weighing system of this embodiment.

[0016] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 1. Measuring pit body; 2. Measuring tube; 3. Corridor; 4. Awning; 5. Track. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, an automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water includes a measuring pit body 1 and an automatic timing cruise weighing system. Two rows of multiple symmetrically distributed measuring tubes 2 are arranged in the measuring pit body 1. The measuring tubes 2 are square, and in the embodiment of the present application, the measuring tubes 2 are 70 cm long and 1 m high for the convenience of practical application. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the measuring tube 2 is 0.49 m 2 , meeting the requirement of irrigation test specification (SL13-2015) that the cross-sectional area of ​​a small lysimeter should be no less than 0.36 m 2 According to the requirement, 30 measuring tubes 2 are made. At the same time, since the shape of the measuring tube 2 is square, it is convenient to plant crops in rows, which conforms to the actual planting situation of crops.

[0019] The measuring tube 2 is filled with sand, and the density of the sand is ρ=1600kg / m 3 , the soil in the cylinder weighs about 784kg. At the same time, in order to avoid deformation and damage of the measuring cylinder 2 during the weighing process, 3mm thick stainless steel is used to make the measuring cylinder 2. The density of the stainless steel used is 7800kg / m 3 , the barrel weighs about 76kg.

[0020] It should be noted that during the test, given that the fresh weight of the whole corn plant is relatively the largest, the maximum weight of the planted crop is expected to be no more than 1kg, so the total weight of the test crop in the barrel during the growth process does not exceed 16kg. Based on this, the maximum weight of the barrel, soil and crops during the test process is no more than 896kg, which is convenient for improving the weighing accuracy in the test. At least one small hole is opened near the bottom edge of the measuring barrel 2, and a 0.5cm thick stainless steel pipe with an elbow is welded, and a transparent plastic bottle with a funnel is placed next to the stainless steel pipe to observe leakage and facilitate soil ventilation.

[0021] A high-precision electronic scale, a lifting platform supporting the high-precision electronic scale, and a temperature monitoring device are installed in the measuring pit body 1. The high-precision electronic scale is purchased from outside, and the specific parameters are: maximum weighing 1 ton, minimum sensitivity 50g, and accuracy 50g. The table on the high-precision electronic scale is a square with a side length of 0.6m, so that when the measuring cylinder 2 is lifted up by weighing, it is not affected by other surrounding equipment. At the same time, since the cross-sectional area of ​​the measuring cylinder 2 is 0.49m 2, its observation accuracy is equivalent to 0.102mm water layer depth, so this observation accuracy meets the requirements of irrigation test. The lifting platform is composed of a trolley that can run along the track 5, a hydraulic lift and an electronic platform scale. The lifting platform is used to move on the fixed track 5. When it moves to the bottom of the cylinder, the limiter can control the movement of the trolley. The control unit controls the hydraulic lift to start, so that the lifting platform rises and lifts the measuring cylinder 2. After 10 seconds, the weighing system collects the data of the weight of the measuring cylinder 2 measured by the electronic scale, and the weighing data is automatically uploaded to the computer or mobile phone. After the weighing data is completed, the lifting platform automatically descends and automatically moves to the specified position of the next measuring cylinder 2 for weighing.

[0022] The temperature monitoring equipment is used to observe the soil temperature and humidity at different depths of the measuring tube 2. Soil temperature and humidity sensors are buried at depths of 5, 20, 40 and 80 cm in the measuring tube 2. The soil temperature and humidity sensors use integrated temperature and humidity sensors. The moisture content (volume water) measurement range is 0-100%, with an accuracy of 2%, and the temperature measurement range is -40--50°C, with an accuracy of ±1°C.

[0023] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a canopy 4 is provided on the top of the measuring pit, and a track 5 fixed to the edge of the measuring pit body 1 is provided at the bottom of the canopy 4. The canopy 4 is used to move along the track 5, and the automatic timing cruise weighing system includes an automatic timing cruise weighing device, a device control and a data acquisition processor. In order to realize the convenient movement of the canopy 4, the wireless control of the canopy 4 can be realized by using an external device such as a mobile phone or a computer, which will not be described in detail here.

[0024] It should be noted that the measuring pit body 1 is provided with a corridor 3 located between two rows of multiple measuring tubes 2, and the corridor 3 is used for observers to walk. The depth of the corridor 3 is 40 cm and the width is 1 m. In order to improve the measurement accuracy and reduce interference, steel frames are provided on the side walls and the top of the corridor 3, and the steel frames are covered with floor tiles. The distance between the floor tiles and the side walls of the corridor 3 is 10 cm, so as to effectively reduce the influence of the surrounding environment on the evaporation of water in the measuring tube 2. At the same time, the distance between two adjacent measuring tubes 2 is 10 cm, and the distance between the measuring tube 2 and the edge of the measuring pit body 1 is 10 cm. The canopy 4 is composed of vertical panels symmetrically distributed on both sides and an inverted V-shaped panel located at the top, and both the vertical panel and the inverted V-shaped panel are light-transmitting sun panels. In order to improve the use effect of the canopy 4, the track 5 is 2n meters long and the length of the canopy 4 is n meters. At the same time, the height of the canopy 4 is 3m and the width is 3.6 meters.

[0025] like Figure 4As shown, the automatic timing cruise weighing device includes a plurality of weighing track 5 vehicles matched with corresponding measuring cylinders 2. The device control includes a gateway and a router connected to the gateway wired network. The router is connected to a host computer server or a host computer server and a PC and / or a mobile phone. The weighing track 5 vehicle is provided with a controller, and the information collected by the controller is sent to the gateway through the RS485 protocol. The controller controls the automatic cruising and weighing of the weighing track 5 vehicle through a single-chip microcomputer, and the gateway and the controller communicate wirelessly through a single-chip microcomputer and LORA.

[0026] It should be mentioned that the data acquisition processor includes the use of JAVA language and MQTT communication protocol to develop data acquisition and remote control, based on the server system of Windows Server 2012 version as the operating system, and implemented using Sqlserver 2012 database; in the data acquisition and processing, it includes the use of a host computer to store the weighing data transmitted by the gateway through the external network, and forward the instructions sent by the mobile phone and / or PC to the data transmission unit, and the data transmission unit wirelessly transmits them to the controller to remotely control the track 5 weighing car; the mobile phone and / or PC are used for remote control management, and the remote control management includes at least one of equipment fault alarm, data acquisition, data storage, data query and data statistical analysis.

[0027] In summary, the present application provides an automated measurement device for the evapotranspiration of water in farmland, which provides a scientific basis for scientific irrigation by conducting research on the changing laws of evapotranspiration during the entire growth period of different crops at different growth stages. At the same time, research on drought relief thresholds is carried out to obtain test information on the irrigation threshold at which crops need to reach a certain amount of precipitation to resume normal growth when the crops are on the verge of irreversible physiological changes due to continuous drought. In order to effectively improve water utilization efficiency in drought-stricken irrigation areas and to develop scientific decision-making plans, the best irrigation plans for different growth stages of crops are formulated by combining predictions of soil moisture, precipitation, radiation, and temperature changes, and a suitable irrigation time and irrigation amount forecasting system is developed.

[0028] The "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) referred to in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods or devices.

[0029] It should be noted that the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0030] Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. An automatic measurement device for evapotranspiration of farmland water, characterized by: The invention comprises a measuring pit body (1) and an automatic timing cruise weighing system. The measuring pit body (1) is provided with two rows of a plurality of symmetrically distributed measuring tubes (2), so that a rain shelter (4) is provided on the top of the measuring pit, and a track (5) fixed to the edge of the measuring pit body (1) is provided at the bottom of the rain shelter (4), and the rain shelter (4) is used to move along the track (5); the automatic timing cruise weighing system comprises an automatic timing cruise weighing device, a device control and a data acquisition processor.

2. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring pit body (1) is provided with a corridor (3) located between two rows of the plurality of measuring tubes (2); the corridor (3) has a depth of 40 cm and a width of 1 m.

3. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side walls and top of the corridor (3) are provided with steel frames, and the steel frames are covered with floor tiles.

4. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent measuring tubes (2) is 10 cm, and the distance between the measuring tube (2) and the edge of the measuring pit body (1) is 10 cm.

5. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rain shelter (4) is composed of vertical panels symmetrically distributed on both sides and an inverted V-shaped panel located on the top, and both the vertical panels and the inverted V-shaped panels are light-transmitting sun panels.

6. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 5, characterized in that: The track (5) is 2n meters long, and the length of the rain shelter (4) is n meters.

7. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rain shelter (4) has a height of 3 m and a width of 3.6 m.

8. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic timing cruise weighing device comprises a plurality of weighing track (5) vehicles matched with the corresponding measuring cylinders (2).

9. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 8, characterized in that: The device control includes a gateway and a router connected to the gateway by a wired network, the router is connected to a host computer server or a host computer server and a PC and / or a mobile phone; the weighing railcar is provided with a controller, and the information collected by the controller is sent to the gateway through the RS485 protocol; the controller controls the automatic cruising and weighing of the weighing railcar through a single-chip microcomputer, and the gateway and the controller communicate wirelessly through the single-chip microcomputer and LORA.

10. The automatic measuring device for evapotranspiration of farmland water according to claim 9, characterized in that: The data acquisition processor includes the use of JAVA language and MQTT communication protocol to develop data acquisition and remote control, based on the server system of Windows Server 2012 version as the operating system, and implemented using Sqlserver 2012 database; in the data acquisition and processing, it includes the use of a host computer to store the weighing data transmitted by the gateway through the external network, and forward the instructions sent by the mobile phone and / or PC to the data transmission unit, and the data transmission unit wirelessly transmits them to the controller to remotely control the rail weighing vehicle; the mobile phone and / or PC are used for remote control management, and the remote control management includes at least one of equipment fault alarm, data acquisition, data storage, data query and data statistical analysis.

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