TCSPC-based micro-size luminescent sample dynamic optical monitoring platform and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform and a TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring method for a micro-size light-emitting sample. The platform comprises an optical characteristic detection module used for detecting the light pulse width and transient spectrum of a sample in the self-luminous process, a dynamic characteristic detection module used for detecting the pulsation process of the sample, and an optical imaging module used for obtaining a shadow image of the sample to be detected in the pulsation process. According to the monitoring platform provided by the invention, through integration of various modules and the monitoring platform with ultrahigh time resolution, synchronous measurement of multiple physical quantities is realized, and the measurement range comprises transient spectrum, transient light intensity and light pulse width of a to-be-measured sample, transmission characteristics of exciting light, spatial distribution of pulsation size of the sample and possible physical phenomena; and analyzing and fusing each dynamic signal when the sample to be tested is evolved under a certain condition by combining a theoretical model on the experimental basis of time sequence synchronization. According to the measuring system, corresponding combined light paths are designed for all the modules, so that multi-module integrated accurate synchronization and ultrahigh-time-resolution dynamic monitoring is realized in a complex scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical detection of micro-sized luminescent samples, and in particular to a dynamic optical monitoring platform and method of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC. Background Art

[0002] Traditional methods of measuring spectra, such as spectrometer measurements, may be subject to physical limitations of optical components (such as gratings and filters), resulting in limited resolution, especially when measuring wide bands, and may not be able to accurately distinguish similar spectral lines; for low signal-to-noise ratios or when the measured signal is relatively weak, traditional spectrometers may take a long time to obtain accurate spectra, which is not suitable for rapidly changing optical phenomena; and when measuring the width of optical pulses, after using photodetectors (such as photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes) to convert optical signals into electrical signals, the oscilloscope can directly display the time characteristics of the pulse signal. However, the time resolution of traditional oscilloscopes may not be sufficient to accurately measure the width of extremely short (such as picosecond or femtosecond) pulses. Although some oscilloscopes have a high sampling rate, they still cannot meet the precise measurement requirements of ultrafast pulses; and when using photodetectors to convert optical signals into electrical signals, certain errors may be introduced, especially in high-frequency or high-energy pulses, where both conversion efficiency and noise may affect the measurement results.

[0003] Common methods for measuring the dynamics of micro-sized samples include: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and particle tracking technology. Microscope imaging has strict requirements on spatial resolution and temporal resolution. When the signal intensity is weak, it is impossible to capture the movement of the sample in real time and accurately. Particle tracking technology can obtain the trajectory and size distribution of micro-sized sample movement in real time, but for complex flow environments or very small particles, it may be difficult to accurately track the movement trajectory of particles. At the same time, a large amount of data processing and trajectory analysis is required in the particle tracking process, especially in high-density particles or complex fluid environments, and data processing may be very cumbersome. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dynamic optical monitoring platform and method for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC, which utilizes time-correlated single photon counting to form a modular, multifunctional integrated comprehensive optical platform with ultra-high temporal resolution and synchronous measurement of multiple physical quantities. It can synchronously measure and analyze dynamic signals such as the kinetic characteristics and optical characteristics of the samples to be tested in various complex scenarios.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples provided by the present invention comprises an optical property detection module, a dynamic property detection module and an optical imaging module; The optical property detection module is used to detect the light pulse width and transient spectrum of the sample's spontaneous luminescence process; The dynamic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration and particle size of the sample during the pulsation process; The optical imaging module is used to control the exposure time and duration under the control of the pulse laser as the timing, so as to obtain the shadow image of the sample to be tested during the pulsation process.

[0006] Further, the optical property detection module includes a third photomultiplier tube, a monochromator, and a time-correlated single photon counting module; The third photomultiplier tube is used to receive the monochromatic light of a single wavelength emitted from the monochromator, and use this signal as a test signal to delay the trigger signal received by the second photomultiplier tube at the other end in time and accumulate the count; The monochromator is used to convert the incident complex color light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength and emit it to the third photomultiplier tube; The time-correlated single-photon counting module is used to record the probability distribution of single-wavelength single photons detected by the third photomultiplier tube in a time series; Further, the dynamic characteristic detection module includes a pulse laser generator and a first photomultiplier tube; The pulse laser generator is used to emit pulse laser to pass through the micro-sized sample to be measured, and the scattered laser will be received by the first photomultiplier tube; The first photomultiplier tube is used to receive the laser beam scattered from the sample to measure the pulsation law and size change of the micro-sized sample.

[0007] Furthermore, the angle between the pulse laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube is 78-82°.

[0008] Furthermore, the optical imaging module includes a digital camera, a pulse laser generator, and a timing controller; The digital camera is used to capture the shadow image of the sample to be tested during the pulsation process under specific conditions in combination with the phase-locked time-delay technology, and to simultaneously observe other derived physical phenomena generated during the excitation process of the sample to be tested; The pulse laser generator is used to excite the sample to be tested and provide a background light source for camera shooting; The timing controller is used to adjust the pulse laser to be consistent with the light emission frequency of the sample, and at the same time control the exposure time and duration of the digital camera 2 to match the pulsation frequency of the sample to be tested.

[0009] The present invention provides a method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC, comprising the following steps: S1: A single ultrasonic cavitation bubble with stable luminescence is generated in the sample cavity under the condition of an external ultrasonic field; S2: The sample pulse luminescence signal detected by the photomultiplier tube is used as a trigger signal; S3: The sample pulse light is converted into monochromatic light of a single wavelength by a monochromator and then emitted to a photomultiplier tube, and input into a time-correlated single photon counting module as a detection signal to obtain the light pulse width and spectrum in different bands; S4: a pulsed laser is used to emit a laser beam to penetrate the ultrasonic cavitation bubble, and part of the scattered light is received by the photomultiplier tube. When the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the first photomultiplier tube receiving slit reaches a preset value, the change of the size of the cavitation bubble over time during the pulsation process is obtained; S5: While measuring the optical and dynamic characteristics of the cavitation bubble, a digital camera is used to capture the shadow image of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process.

[0010] Furthermore, the detection signal in step S3 is statistically accumulated and counted under the control of the trigger signal to obtain the optical pulse width and spectrum in different bands.

[0011] Furthermore, the preset value of the angle between the pulse laser beam and the first photomultiplier tube receiving slit in step S4 is 78-82°.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, a dynamic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration and particle size information of the sample during the pulsation process.

[0013] Further, the method further comprises the following steps: The measured dynamic data is processed and analyzed to obtain the pulsation speed and speed change rate of the sample. The processing and analysis process is as follows: The measured sample pulse electrical signal is converted into the mathematical expression of Mie scattering intensity and sample size: I s =-A*r 2.327 ; Where Is is the electrical signal intensity, A is the correction factor, and r is the sample radius size; The Mie scattering electrical signal with relative intensity change is converted into the corresponding absolute sample radius. The pulsation velocity of the sample is obtained by taking the first-order differential of the absolute sample radius in time, and the velocity change rate of the sample is obtained by taking the second-order differential of the absolute sample radius.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform and method for micro-sized luminescent samples provided by the present invention have the advantages of modular multifunctional integration of multiple optics and ultra-high time resolution to achieve synchronous measurement of multiple physical quantities. Its measurement range includes the transient spectrum, transient light intensity, light pulse width, transmission characteristics of the excitation light, spatial distribution of the sample pulsation size, and possible physical phenomena of the sample to be measured. On the basis of the experiment of time synchronization, the theoretical model is combined to analyze and fuse the dynamic signals of the sample to be measured when it evolves under certain conditions. The measurement system realizes dynamic monitoring of multi-module integration, precise synchronization, and ultra-high time resolution in complex scenes by designing corresponding combined optical paths for each module.

[0015] The present invention provides a TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples, which coordinates the optical paths of various modules to synchronously and accurately measure the optical properties of the samples (light intensity, light pulse width, spontaneous luminescence transient spectrum, transient fluorescence spectrum, sample optical transmission spectrum, etc.) and dynamic properties (changes in pulsation speed over time, changes in sample size and spatial distribution, etc.) synchronous dynamic measurement.

[0016] The platform is a comprehensive optical platform based on TCSPC's modular multifunctional integration and ultra-high time resolution multi-physical quantity synchronous measurement. Dynamic monitoring of the sample is achieved by synchronously measuring the optical and dynamic characteristics of the sample with ultra-high time resolution. Based on TCSPC technology, the system designs the corresponding optical path to achieve multi-optical, multi-module, multi-physical quantity, precise synchronization, and ultra-high time resolution multi-functional dynamic monitoring.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention provides the following drawings for explanation.

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC.

[0020] Figure 2 The steps to conduct experiments for this platform.

[0021] Figure 3 This is an optical image of bubble collapse taken with a single ultrasonic cavitation bubble as the sample.

[0022] In the figure, there are a sample chamber 1, a digital camera 2, a first photomultiplier tube 3, a grating monochromator 4, a second photomultiplier tube 5, a third photomultiplier tube 6, a pulse laser generator 7, a timing controller 8, a time-correlated single photon counting module 9, and a computer 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples provided in this embodiment includes an optical property detection module, a dynamic property detection module, and an optical imaging module; The optical property detection module is used to detect the light pulse width and transient spectrum of the sample's spontaneous luminescence process; The dynamic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration and particle size of the sample during the pulsation process; The optical imaging module is used to control the exposure time and duration under the control of the pulse laser as the timing, so as to obtain the shadow image of the sample 1 to be tested during the pulsation process; The optical property detection module includes a monochromator 4, a third photomultiplier tube 6, and a time-correlated single photon counting module TCSPC9; The monochromator 4 is used to convert the incident polychromatic light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength and emit it to the third photomultiplier tube 6; The third photomultiplier tube 6 is used to receive the monochromatic light of a single wavelength emitted from the monochromator, and use this signal as a test signal to delay the trigger signal received by the second photomultiplier tube 5 at the other end in time and accumulate the count; The time-correlated single photon counting module 9 is used for TCSPC module 9 to record the probability distribution of single-wavelength single photons detected by the third photomultiplier tube 6 in the time series, and its time axis is set to the time delay between the photons received by the third photomultiplier tube 6 and the trigger signal (detected by the second photomultiplier tube 5). When TCSPC detects a photon, it can measure the time corresponding to the detector pulse within the signal cycle. Each time such an event (photon) is recorded, "1" is added to the corresponding storage unit, and the address of the storage unit corresponds to the detection time. After statistically recording multiple photons accumulated for a long time, TCSPC module 9 can output the light pulse waveform of a specific wavelength of the light source according to the number of photons in each unit corresponding to different detection times in the memory. ; The dynamics and optical properties of micro-sized samples are measured based on the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technology. Time-correlated single photon counting technology is a high-time resolution optical measurement technology that is widely used to measure time delays and transient processes in optical phenomena, especially in fluorescence lifetime detection, cavitation single bubble monitoring, single molecule detection, ultrafast laser pulse analysis, and scattering transmission research. The core principle of TCSPC is to accurately record the time when each photon arrives at the detector through single photon counting, thereby achieving time-resolved analysis of optical events. For micro-sized luminescent samples (acoustic cavitation bubbles, fluorescent quantum dots, laser-induced cavitation bubbles, etc.) that can pulsate and emit transient pulse beams under certain conditions, this technology can be used to more clearly understand their characteristics and evolution laws.

[0025] The dynamic characteristic detection module includes a first photomultiplier tube 3 and a pulse laser 7; The first photomultiplier tube 3 is used to receive the laser beam scattered outward from the sample to measure the pulsation law and size change of the micro-sized sample; The pulse laser 7 is used to emit pulsed laser light to pass through the micro-sized sample to be measured, and the scattered laser light will be received by the first photomultiplier tube 3; The optical imaging module includes a digital camera 2, a pulse laser generator 7, and a timing controller 8; The digital camera 2 is used to capture the shadow image of the sample under test during the pulsation process under specific conditions in combination with the phase-locked time-delay technology, and can also synchronously observe other derived physical phenomena generated during the excitation process of the sample under test, such as shock waves, microjets, etc.; The pulse laser generator 7 is used to excite the sample to be tested and provide a background light source for camera shooting; The timing controller 8 is used to adjust the pulse laser to be consistent with the light emission frequency of the sample, and at the same time control the exposure time and duration of the digital camera 2 to match the pulsation frequency of the sample to be tested; The sample chamber 1 in this embodiment can realize physical and chemical excitation of the sample to be tested in this chamber by changing the external conditions; The optical property detection module in this embodiment includes a monochromator 4, a third photomultiplier tube 6, a time-correlated single photon counting module 9, and a corresponding optical path, which is used to detect the light pulse width and transient spectrum of the sample's spontaneous light emission process, and can also detect the optical properties of the sample's transmitted light, such as: the change of the transmitted light intensity relative to the incident light intensity in different bands; Under certain conditions, the sample emits spontaneous light (such as the sonoluminescence phenomenon generated by a single ultrasonic cavitation bubble after reaching the luminescence threshold) or stimulated radiation (when quantum dots are excited by laser, they can emit fluorescence of a specific wavelength. Due to the size effect of quantum dots, their absorption and emission wavelengths are relatively adjustable, and efficient stimulated emission can be achieved). The pulsed light is detected by the second photomultiplier tube 5. This signal is used as a reference signal and can also be called a trigger signal, and then transmitted to the time-correlated single-photon counting module 9. At the same time, the pulse light is expanded through two reflectors to expand the light receiving range, and the light beam is reflected to the grating monochromator 4 without chromatic aberration; The function of the monochromator 4 is to convert the incident complex light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength and emit it to the third photomultiplier tube 6, and input it into the time-correlated single-photon counting module 9 as a detection signal. The time-correlated single-photon counting module 9 can record the probability distribution of the single-wavelength single photons detected by the third photomultiplier tube 6 in the time series, and its time axis is set to the time delay between the photons received by the third photomultiplier tube 6 and the trigger signal (detected by the second photomultiplier tube 5).

[0026] When the time-correlated single-photon counting module 9 detects a photon, the time corresponding to the detector pulse can be measured within the signal cycle. Each time such an event (photon) is recorded, "1" is added to the corresponding storage unit, and the address of the storage unit corresponds to the detection time.

[0027] After the time-correlated single photon counting module 9 has statistically recorded a plurality of photons accumulated over a long period of time, it can output a light pulse waveform of a specific wavelength of the luminous body according to the number of photons of each unit corresponding to different detection times in the memory. On this basis, by adjusting the frequency of the monochromator 4, the light pulse width in different bands can be obtained, and then the light pulse width in different bands can be integrated and accumulated to obtain the transient spectrum of the sample at each moment.

[0028] During the measurement, a combination of several customized lenses and reflectors that are adapted to the parameter specifications of the sample to be measured are used to achieve the diffusion, collimation, and focusing of the light beam, so that even extremely weak light beams can be received by the photomultiplier tube.

[0029] The dynamic characteristic detection module in this embodiment includes a first photomultiplier tube 3, a second photomultiplier tube 5, and corresponding optical paths; used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration, particle size and other information of the sample during the pulsation process; can record the radial vibration, particle size and other information of the sample, and can receive the pulse light signal in real time through the second photomultiplier tube 5 and use this signal as a trigger signal, and control the ultrafast pulse laser 7 to emit synchronous pulse laser through the timing controller 8, and by adjusting the angle between the pulse laser and the first photomultiplier tube 3 (about 78-82°, which can effectively reduce the local bulge phenomenon caused by the increase of the scattered light intensity with the increase of the scattering body radius), it is possible to measure the image of the size of the sample to be tested changing with time within a repeatable cycle under certain conditions, and then the measured dynamic data is processed and analyzed to obtain the pulsation speed and speed change rate of the sample; The dynamic data in this embodiment includes the size distribution and particle size that change with time during the pulsation of the detected sample.

[0030] In this embodiment, the optimal angle between the first photomultiplier tube 3 and the first photomultiplier tube 3 is adjusted to 80°, which can ensure that the LC effect is minimized; secondly, the angle can also be set to 78, 79, 81, etc. according to actual conditions.

[0031] The process of processing and analyzing the measured dynamic data in this embodiment is as follows: First, the measured sample pulse electric signal is expressed by the mathematical expression of Mie scattered light intensity and sample size: I s =-A*r 2.327 ; Where Is is the electrical signal intensity, A is the correction factor, and r is the sample radius size; The Mie scattering electrical signal with relative intensity change can be converted into the corresponding absolute sample radius. The first-order differential of this radius in time is the pulsation speed of the sample, and the second-order differential of this radius can get the speed change rate of the sample.

[0032] The optical imaging module in this embodiment includes a digital camera 2, a pulse laser generator 7, a timing controller 8; a beam expander and a collimator lens; using pulse laser as a timing control to control the exposure time and duration, combined with the phase-locked time delay technology, it can capture the shadow image of the sample to be tested during the pulsation process under specific conditions; Using pulsed laser as timing control, the exposure time and duration are controlled. Combined with the phase-locked time delay technology, the shadow image of the sample to be tested during the pulsation process under specific conditions can be captured. At the same time, other derived physical phenomena generated during the excitation of the sample to be tested, such as shock waves, microjets, etc., can be synchronously observed; the timing synchronization control of each module can be achieved through the timing controller 8 and the computer 10.

[0033] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, the method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC provided in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: A single ultrasonic cavitation bubble with stable luminescence is generated in the sample cavity under the condition of an external ultrasonic field; S2: The sample pulse luminescence signal detected by the photomultiplier tube is used as a trigger signal; S3: The sample pulse light is converted into monochromatic light of a single wavelength by a monochromator and then emitted to a photomultiplier tube, and input into a time-correlated single photon counting module as a detection signal to obtain the light pulse width and spectrum in different bands; S4: a pulsed laser is used to emit a laser beam to penetrate the ultrasonic cavitation bubble, and part of the scattered light is received by the photomultiplier tube. When the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the first photomultiplier tube receiving slit reaches a preset value, the change of the size of the cavitation bubble over time during the pulsation process is obtained; S5: While measuring the optical and dynamic characteristics of the cavitation bubble, a digital camera is used to capture the shadow image of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process.

[0034] The detection signal in step S3 is statistically accumulated and counted under the control of the trigger signal to obtain the optical pulse width and spectrum in different bands; The preset angle between the pulse laser beam and the receiving slit of the photomultiplier tube in step S4 is 78-82°, and in this embodiment, the angle is 80°.

[0035] In step S4, the dynamic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration and particle size information of the sample during the pulsation process; This embodiment takes the ultrasonic cavitation single bubble sample as an example to illustrate the specific monitoring process; In the optical property detection module: first, a stable ultrasonic cavitation single bubble is generated in the sample cavity 1 under the condition of an external ultrasonic field, and the matching impedance and other parameters are adjusted to achieve a stable luminescence state; a beam of light is received by the second photomultiplier tube 5 through a light receiving optical path composed of a customized lens as a trigger signal; the other beam passes through two reflectors to widen the optical path and then enters the monochromator 4 without color difference. Its principle is based on the dispersion characteristics of light and the diffraction principle of light. Through the action of a series of optical elements, the monochromator separates polychromatic light into monochromatic light for accurate spectral analysis and measurement. The light enters the monochromator from the entrance slit, passes through components such as convex lenses, reflectors, flat glass and gratings, and finally outputs monochromatic light of a specific wavelength.

[0036] Then, according to the measurement needs, monochromatic light of different wavelength bands is selected to be incident on the third photomultiplier tube 6, and as the measurement signal, the optical pulse width and spectrum in different wavelength bands can be obtained by performing statistical accumulation counting based on time delay through the TCSPC device 9 and the trigger signal; In the dynamic characteristic detection module: a laser beam is emitted by a pulsed laser 7 to penetrate the ultrasonic cavitation single bubble, and part of the scattered light is received by the first photomultiplier tube 3. When the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube 3 is 80°, the change of the size of the cavitation bubble with time during the pulsation process can be obtained; While measuring the optical and dynamic characteristics of a cavitation bubble, a digital camera 2 can be used in combination with phase-locked time-delay technology to capture the shadow image of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process. Figure 3 or other physical phenomena generated at the moment of single bubble collapse, such as shock wave, micro jet, etc. Wherein, PMT3 represents the first photomultiplier tube 3; PMT4 represents the photomultiplier tube 4; PMT5 represents the second photomultiplier tube 5; The method provided in this embodiment realizes the detection of optical and dynamic characteristics when the micro-sized pulsating sample is stimulated to emit light. The timing of the entire system can be synchronized through the timing controller, thereby realizing the high integration of multiple modules such as dynamics, morphology and optical characteristics of micro-sized pulse samples.

[0037] The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

Claims

1. A dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC, characterized by: It includes an optical property detection module, a dynamic property detection module and an optical imaging module; The optical property detection module is used to detect the light pulse width and transient spectrum of the sample's spontaneous luminescence process; The dynamic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration and particle size of the sample during the pulsation process; The optical imaging module is used to control the exposure time and duration under the control of the pulse laser as the timing, so as to obtain the shadow image of the sample to be tested during the pulsation process.

2. The TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical property detection module includes a third photomultiplier tube, a monochromator, and a time-correlated single photon counting module; The third photomultiplier tube is used to receive the monochromatic light of a single wavelength emitted from the monochromator, and use this signal as a test signal to delay the trigger signal received by the second photomultiplier tube at the other end in time and accumulate the count; The monochromator is used to convert the incident complex color light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength and emit it to the third photomultiplier tube; The time-correlated single-photon counting module is used to record the probability distribution of single-wavelength single photons detected by the third photomultiplier tube in a time series.

3. The TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic characteristic detection module includes a pulse laser generator and a first photomultiplier tube; The pulse laser generator is used to emit pulse laser to pass through the micro-sized sample to be measured, and the scattered laser will be received by the first photomultiplier tube; The first photomultiplier tube is used to receive the laser beam scattered from the sample to measure the pulsation law and size change of the micro-sized sample.

4. The TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The angle between the pulse laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube is 78-82°.

5. The TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical imaging module includes a digital camera, a pulse laser generator, and a timing controller; The digital camera is used to capture the shadow image of the sample to be tested during the pulsation process under specific conditions in combination with the phase-locked time-delay technology, and to simultaneously observe other derived physical phenomena generated during the excitation process of the sample to be tested; The pulse laser generator is used to excite the sample to be tested and provide a background light source for camera shooting; The timing controller is used to adjust the pulse laser to be consistent with the light emission frequency of the sample, and at the same time control the exposure time and duration of the digital camera to match the pulsation frequency of the sample to be tested.

6. A method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: A single ultrasonic cavitation bubble with stable luminescence is generated in the sample cavity under the condition of an external ultrasonic field; S2: The sample pulse luminescence signal detected by the photomultiplier tube is used as a trigger signal; S3: The sample pulse light is converted into monochromatic light of a single wavelength by a monochromator and then emitted to a photomultiplier tube, and input into a time-correlated single photon counting module as a detection signal to obtain the light pulse width and spectrum in different bands; S4: a pulsed laser is used to emit a laser beam to penetrate the ultrasonic cavitation bubble, and part of the scattered light is received by the photomultiplier tube. When the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the first photomultiplier tube receiving slit reaches a preset value, the change of the size of the cavitation bubble over time during the pulsation process is obtained; S5: While measuring the optical and dynamic characteristics of the cavitation bubble, a digital camera is used to capture the shadow image of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process.

7. The method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The detection signal in step S3 is statistically accumulated and counted under the control of the trigger signal to obtain the optical pulse width and spectrum in different bands.

8. The method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The preset value of the angle between the pulse laser beam and the first photomultiplier tube receiving slit in step S4 is 78-82°.

9. The method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the dynamic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration and particle size information of the sample during the pulsation process.

10. The method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: The measured dynamic data is processed and analyzed to obtain the pulsation speed and speed change rate of the sample. The processing and analysis process is as follows: The measured sample pulse electrical signal is converted into the mathematical expression of Mie scattering intensity and sample size: I s =-A*r 2.327 ; Where Is is the electrical signal intensity, A is the correction factor, and r is the sample radius size; The Mie scattered electrical signal with relative intensity change is converted into the corresponding absolute sample radius; The pulsation velocity of the sample is obtained by taking the first-order differential of the absolute sample radius in time, and the velocity change rate of the sample is obtained by taking the second-order differential of the absolute sample radius.

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