Railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on network digital envelope analysis model

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a railway transportation production efficiency analysis method, device and equipment based on a network digital envelope analysis model, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a railway operation process in each year into a construction development stage, a production stage, a consumption stage and a profit stage; calculating a dynamic efficiency value of each stage of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year by combining the input quantity and the output quantity of each stage of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year based on a network digital envelope analysis model; calculating an overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year by combining the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year; and obtaining a production efficiency analysis result of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage. According to the invention, the accuracy of railway transportation efficiency evaluation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rail transportation technology, and in particular to a method, device and equipment for analyzing railway transportation production efficiency based on a network digital envelope analysis model. Background Art

[0002] Railway transportation is an efficient, safe and environmentally friendly mode of transportation. However, it has some problems, such as insufficient railway transportation capacity during holidays, relatively low technical efficiency levels, and deficits caused by poor management. Therefore, how to combine theory with actual operating conditions to analyze the efficiency of railway transportation has received widespread attention.

[0003] In past studies, transportation scholars usually use the most basic digital envelope analysis model (DEA model) to calculate and analyze the operating efficiency of railway companies in various countries. The DEA model includes the CCR model or the BCC model; Chapin and Schmidt used the CCR-DEA and BCC-DEA models to analyze the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of American railway companies respectively; Cowie used the BCC-DEA model and took the Swiss private railway as an example to study the technical efficiency of public-private partnerships in the railway industry; Niu, Li, Zhang, Deng and Chang used the three-stage BCC-DEA model to evaluate the global railway transportation efficiency from 2010 to 2018. Later, many scholars believed that in the process of studying the efficiency of the railway transportation industry, it would be more or less affected by the external environment. Therefore, in order to more accurately analyze the factors affecting the efficiency of railway transportation, a large number of scholars began to combine regression analysis to conduct efficiency analysis. For example, Oum and Yu chose the DEA-Tobit model to analyze how the railway efficiency of OECD countries is affected by subsidies and electricity consumption; Lan and Lin also used the DEA-Tobit model to explore the relationship between the technical efficiency and service effectiveness of 76 railways and environmental control factors such as population density, income level and electricity consumption.

[0004] Based on the above pioneering research results, in recent years, domestic scholars have also adopted the traditional DEA model to analyze the efficiency of China's railway system. Unlike ordinary commodity transportation, railway transportation is characterized by multi-stage activities. Therefore, more and more researchers have begun to explore the internal activities of railway operations (usually called "black boxes") and proposed a new DEA model - the network digital envelope analysis model (NDEA). Compared with the traditional DEA model, the NDEA model not only considers the internal structure of railway operations, but also explores the inherent connection between the various stages of the railway. Therefore, the NDEA model can estimate railway efficiency more accurately. For example, Li and Hu constructed a three-stage framework to study the performance of China Railway Bureau from 1999 to 2008; Yu and Lin proposed a multi-activity NDEA model to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of 20 railway companies around the world by integrating the production and consumption processes into a unified framework; similarly, Dommernik established a two-stage NDEA model to study the efficiency and effectiveness of the Asia-Europe high-speed rail from 2007 to 2012 by constructing the "production process and sales process"; Michali et al. evaluated the environmental efficiency of European national railways from 2016 to 2017 by dividing the railway transportation process into two stages: the asset stage and the service stage.

[0005] From the literature review of the application of the NDEA model mentioned above, it can be found that most studies only calculate the efficiency of a specific year. However, railway transportation is a continuously operating system with different development stages and multi-stage operation characteristics. The existing model’s division of railway operation stages does not conform to the characteristics of multi-stage railway operation, and only calculates the efficiency of a specific year. It does not consider analysis from multiple time levels and does not conform to the actual application of railway transportation, resulting in low accuracy in railway efficiency evaluation, which in turn affects the analysis of the reasons for the inefficiency of the railway transportation industry from the time and space dimensions. Summary of the invention

[0006] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the division of railway operation stages in the prior art does not conform to the characteristics of multi-stage railway operation, and only calculates the efficiency of a specific year without considering analysis from multiple time levels, which does not conform to the actual application of railway transportation, resulting in low accuracy of railway efficiency evaluation.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on a network digital envelope analysis model, comprising:

[0008] Each railway bureau in the railway transportation system is taken as a decision-making unit in the network digital envelope analysis model; the previous year of two consecutive years is taken as the base year, and the next year is taken as the current year;

[0009] The railway operation process of each year is divided into the construction and development stage, production stage, consumption stage and profit stage; based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with each decision-making unit in the base year The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current stage; based on each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current period are calculated for each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year. Dynamic efficiency value of the stage;

[0010] Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year are calculated by combining the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year; the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is calculated based on the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year;

[0011] Based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage, the production efficiency analysis results of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year are obtained.

[0012] Preferably, based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the base year of each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The technical efficiency index of the stage is expressed as:

[0013]

[0014] in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Technical efficiency index of the stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

[0015] Preferably, based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the base year of each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The production technology index of the stage is expressed as:

[0016]

[0017] in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Production technology index of the stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year obtained based on the base year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the base year obtained based on the current year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

[0018] Preferably, based on each decision unit between the base year and the current year The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current period are calculated for each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year. The dynamic efficiency value of the stage is expressed as:

[0019]

[0020] in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Total factor productivity index of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Dynamic efficiency value of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Technical efficiency index of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Production technology index of the stage; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

[0021] Preferably, based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year, the overall technical efficiency index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year is calculated, and its expression is:

[0022]

[0023] in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall technical efficiency index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

[0024] Preferably, based on the network digital envelope analysis model, the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year are combined to calculate the overall production technology index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year, and the expression is:

[0025]

[0026] in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall production technology index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year obtained based on the base year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year obtained based on the current year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

[0027] Preferably, based on the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year, the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is calculated, and the expression is:

[0028]

[0029] in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall total factor productivity index of the decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall efficiency value of a decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall technical efficiency index of a decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall production technology index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

[0030] Preferably, the production efficiency analysis results of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year are obtained based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage, including:

[0031] If the overall efficiency value of the current decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is greater than 1, it means that the overall production efficiency of the current railway bureau has increased between the base year and the current year; if the overall efficiency value of the current decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the overall production efficiency of the current railway bureau has decreased between the base year and the current year;

[0032] If the dynamic efficiency value of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is greater than 1, it means that the production efficiency of the current railway bureau at the current stage between the base year and the current year has increased; if the dynamic efficiency value of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the production efficiency of the current railway bureau at the current stage between the base year and the current year has decreased;

[0033] At this time, if the technical efficiency index of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the change in technical efficiency of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease; if the production technology index of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the change in production technology of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease; if the technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year are both less than 1, it means that the change in technical efficiency and production technology of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease.

[0034] The present invention also provides a railway transportation production efficiency analysis device based on a network digital envelope analysis model, comprising:

[0035] Decision-making unit determination module: each railway bureau in the railway transportation system is used as a decision-making unit in the network digital envelope analysis model; the first year of two consecutive years is used as the base year, and the second year is used as the current year;

[0036] Stage efficiency calculation module: divides the railway operation process of each year into the construction and development stage, production stage, consumption stage and profit stage; based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with each decision-making unit in the base year The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current stage; based on each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current period are calculated for each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year. Dynamic efficiency value of the stage;

[0037] Overall efficiency calculation module: Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year, the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year are calculated; based on the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year, the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is calculated;

[0038] Production efficiency analysis module: Based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage, the production efficiency analysis results of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year are obtained.

[0039] The present invention also provides a railway transportation production efficiency analysis device based on a network digital envelope analysis model, comprising:

[0040] Memory for storing computer programs;

[0041] A processor is used to implement the steps of the above-mentioned railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on network digital envelope analysis when executing the computer program.

[0042] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0043] The railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model described in the present invention divides the railway operation stage into a construction and development stage, a production stage, a consumption stage and a profit stage, which is more in line with the characteristics of multi-stage railway operation and lays a foundation for improving the calculation accuracy of the efficiency value of each railway bureau; by considering the difference between the base year technology and the current year technology in the railway operation, combining the technical efficiency change and production technology change between the base year and the current year, the overall efficiency value of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage are calculated, the production efficiency change of each railway bureau between adjacent years is considered, the time level is expanded, it is in line with the actual application of railway transportation, and the accuracy of railway transportation efficiency evaluation is improved, so that based on the calculated efficiency of each stage of railway transportation and the overall efficiency change trend, the analysis of the reasons for the low efficiency of the railway transportation industry from the time and space dimensions has more reference value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below according to specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0045] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on a network digital envelope analysis model provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is based on the NDEA rail operations map of four phases;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a line graph of the NDEA-Malmquist efficiency of the four stages of China’s railway system;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the EC and TC performance matrix in the eastern, central and western regions in four stages; Figure 4 (a) shows the schematic diagram of EC and TC performance matrix in the construction development stage; Figure 4(b) shows the schematic diagram of EC and TC performance matrix in the production stage; Figure 4 (c) shows the schematic diagram of EC and TC performance matrix in the consumption stage; Figure 4 (d) shows the schematic diagram of EC and TC performance matrix in the profit stage;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a railway transportation production efficiency analysis device based on a network digital envelope analysis model provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] Reference Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 A flow chart of a railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on a network digital envelope analysis model provided by the present invention; specifically comprising:

[0053] S1: Each railway bureau in the railway transportation system is regarded as a decision-making unit in the network digital envelope analysis model; the first year of two consecutive years is regarded as the base year, and the second year is regarded as the current year;

[0054] S2: Calculate the dynamic efficiency value of each decision-making unit at each stage between the base year and the current year, including:

[0055] The railway operation process of each year is divided into the construction and development stage (CDS), production stage (OS), consumption stage (CS) and profit stage (PS); the relationship between the specific stages is as follows: Figure 2 As shown;

[0056] Among them, the intermediate stage includes the production stage and the consumption stage. The input of the intermediate stage includes the input of multiple additional input indicators and the output of multiple output indicators in the previous stage. The previous stage is recorded as The next stage is recorded as stage; Stage to The intermediate products of the stage The input link value of the stage, that is The output indicators of the stage will be Input indicators for each stage; Stage to The intermediate products of the stage The output link value of The output indicators of the stage will be Input indicators for each stage;

[0057] In the network DEA model, set the intermediate stage The production possibility set for:

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061]

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] in, , Indicates Decision Making Unit The input and output of each stage; , Represents all decision making units The preset input and output of the stage; Indicates the links in all decision-making units The intermediate product is represented by all decision-making units Output link value of the stage; Indicates Links in decision making units The intermediate product is characterized by decision making unit Output link value of the stage; , Indicates Decision Making Unit stage, non-negative intensity variable for the phase;

[0065] Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the base year of each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The technical efficiency index of the stage is expressed as:

[0066]

[0067] in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Technical efficiency index of the stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage;

[0068] Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the base year of each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The production technology index of the stage is expressed as:

[0069]

[0070] in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Production technology index of the stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year obtained based on the base year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the base year obtained based on the current year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage;

[0071] Based on each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current period are calculated for each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year. The dynamic efficiency value of the stage is expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Total factor productivity index of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Dynamic efficiency value of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Technical efficiency index of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Production technology index of the stage; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year;

[0074] S3: Calculate the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year, including:

[0075] Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year, the overall technical efficiency index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year is calculated, and its expression is:

[0076]

[0077] in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall technical efficiency index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit;

[0078] Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year are combined to calculate the overall production technology index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year. The expression is:

[0079]

[0080] in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall production technology index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year obtained based on the base year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year obtained based on the current year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit;

[0081] Based on the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year, the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is calculated, and the expression is:

[0082]

[0083] in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall total factor productivity index of the decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall efficiency value of a decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall technical efficiency index of a decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall production technology index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year;

[0084] S4: Based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage between the base year and the current year, the production efficiency analysis results of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year are obtained, including:

[0085] If the overall efficiency value of the current decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is greater than 1, it means that the overall production efficiency of the current railway bureau has increased between the base year and the current year; if the overall efficiency value of the current decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the overall production efficiency of the current railway bureau has decreased between the base year and the current year;

[0086] If the dynamic efficiency value of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is greater than 1, it means that the production efficiency of the current railway bureau at the current stage between the base year and the current year has increased; if the dynamic efficiency value of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the production efficiency of the current railway bureau at the current stage between the base year and the current year has decreased;

[0087] At this time, if the technical efficiency index of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the change in technical efficiency of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease; if the production technology index of the current stage of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the change in production technology of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease; if the technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current stage of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year are both less than 1, it means that the change in technical efficiency and production technology of the current stage of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease;

[0088] Among them, when the overall efficiency value of the current decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it may be that the overall efficiency value is lower than 1 because the dynamic efficiency value of one or several stages of the current decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is less than 1, resulting in a decrease in the overall production efficiency of the current railway bureau between the base year and the current year. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the overall efficiency value of the current decision-making unit and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage between the base year and the current year to analyze the reasons for the low production efficiency of the current railway bureau between the base year and the current year.

[0089] Embodiment 2

[0090] By consulting the literature, representative indicators that can reflect the true situation of the railway transportation industry's efficiency are selected as input indicators, intermediate variables, and output indicators for each stage; the data comes from the "China Railway Yearbook", "Provincial Statistical Yearbook" and Baidu Encyclopedia. Table 1 summarizes the descriptive statistics of the data.

[0091] Table 1 Descriptive statistics of my country's railway system

[0092] name Minimum Maximum Mean Construction funds (10,000 yuan) Input indicators 49920.9 661009.7 242868.5 Number of stations Intermediate variables 96 853 373.91 Main line extension (km) Intermediate variables 2216.37 22855.66 10563.62 Number of locomotives Input indicators 266 2658 1153.96 Number of employees (person) Input indicators 12910 253753 103801.40 Comprehensive energy consumption (kg / 10,000 ton-kilometer) Input indicators 11.87 64.27 29.94 Locomotive kilometres travelled in railway accident rate (million kilometres) Intermediate variables 46.22 788.66 227.26 Population density (people / square kilometer) Input indicators 10.5 5764.6 813.43 Cargo shipment volume (10,000 tons) Intermediate variables 3011 39270 14511.31 Number of passengers sent (10,000 people) Intermediate variables 751 72923 15609.80 GDP per capita (yuan) Input indicators 11392.4 441077 96838.04 Total transportation revenue (10,000 yuan) Output indicators 792922 10734316 3477894.9

[0093] according to Figure 2It can be seen that the present invention divides the railway operation stage into the construction and development stage (CDS), the production stage (OS), the consumption stage (CS) and the profit stage (PS); the additional input indicator in the construction and development stage is the railway construction fund, the additional input indicator in the production stage is the number of locomotives, the comprehensive energy consumption and the number of employees, the additional input indicator in the consumption stage is the population density, the additional input indicator in the profit stage is the per capita disposable income, and the output indicator of the entire railway operation process is the total transportation income; the intermediate variables between the construction and development stage and the production stage are the main line extension and the number of stations, which are the output indicators of the construction and development stage and the input indicators of the production stage; the intermediate variable between the production stage and the consumption stage is the locomotive mileage in the railway accident rate, which is the output indicator of the production stage and the input indicator of the consumption stage; the intermediate variables between the consumption stage and the profit stage are the passenger delivery volume and the cargo delivery volume, which are the output indicators of the consumption stage and the input indicators of the profit stage.

[0094] Based on the NDEA-Malmquist model based on the combination of network envelope data analysis and Malmquist index provided by the present invention, the total factor productivity (TFP) of China's railway transportation system at different stages from 2013 to 2020 and the overall efficiency of China's railway transportation system are calculated, such as Figure 3 As shown; Figure 3 The values ​​corresponding to the various stages and overall efficiency between the base year and the current year are the average values ​​of the various stages and overall efficiency of all railway bureaus between the base year and the current year; Figure 3 It can be seen that:

[0095] In the construction and development stage, in terms of TFP, from 2017 to 2018, nearly two-thirds of the railway bureaus were inefficient, indicating that the investment (railway construction funds) of these railway bureaus at this stage could not be fully converted into output, resulting in a waste of input resources, that is, a decline in EC, which led to a sharp decline in TFP; from 2019 to 2020, the TFP of China's railway bureaus did not meet the standard, with a decline rate of 1.9%;

[0096] In the production stage, on average, from 2013 to 2020, the growth of total factor productivity in the production stage depended on the growth of TC (+5%) and EC (+2.3%); among them, TFP was the lowest in 2017-2018 (0.910). Although China introduced relevant measures to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, which led to a significant improvement in EC, the impact of TC (-8.6%) led to a decline in TFP;

[0097] In the consumption stage, due to the growth of EC (+9.6%) and TC (+2.3%), China's railway transportation industry TFP ranked second in 2013-2020; however, due to the sharp decline in people's demand for railway transportation, railway funds could not be withdrawn in time, resulting in a sharp decline in TC (-9.2%);

[0098] In the profit stage, except for 2016-2017, we found that more than 1 / 2 of the railway bureaus had a TFP score below 1.0. Even in 2014-2015, 12 railway bureaus were inefficient, accounting for 2 / 3 of the total. This shows that most railway bureaus in China have quite low efficiency in transportation profitability; especially the sharp decline in people's demand for railway transportation has led to serious inefficiency in the profit stage of railway bureaus.

[0099] In terms of the overall efficiency of the entire railway operation process, it was found that the TFP was 1.249 in 2013-2014, indicating that the average annual growth rate of TFP was 24.9%. Among them, 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 were not in an effective state, and decreased by 6.9% and 10% respectively, indicating that the TFP of the Railway Bureau performed poorly during these two years.

[0100] Due to the influence of geographical location, economic development level, resource allocation and other conditions, the development of China's railway bureaus presents the characteristics of unbalanced regional development; therefore, in order to study the differences in organizational regions, China's railway bureaus are divided into three regions; among them, there are six railway bureaus in the eastern region, namely Harbin, Shenyang, Beijing, Jinan, Shanghai and Guangzhou; there are five railway bureaus in the central region, namely Hohhot, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Xi'an and Nanchang; and there are six railway bureaus in the western region, namely Nanning, Chengdu, Kunming, Lanzhou, Urumqi and Qinghai-Tibet.

[0101] In order to better analyze the influencing factors of railway operation efficiency between different regions, the annual average values ​​of each part are selected to construct the performance matrix of EC efficiency score and TC efficiency score at each stage, such as Figure 4 As shown, the vertical axis is TC and the horizontal axis is EC.

[0102] according to Figure 4 From (a), we can see that more than 2 / 3 of the railway bureaus are located in the upper half (I, II); how to reasonably improve the level of production input and plan scale allocation is the focus of enterprise development; for the central area of ​​region III, EC and TC perform poorly; to improve total factor productivity, the railway bureaus must not only reasonably manage technology input and scale resource allocation, but also adopt advanced technical means to improve the technical level, thereby driving technological progress.

[0103] according to Figure 4From (b), we can see that the EC of the western region has been greater than 1 in the past 1 / 2 year, that is, it is located in the right half (I, IV). This is because the country has proposed a series of strategic policies for the development of the west, thereby accelerating the transportation construction in the western region; through observation, it was found that from 2019 to 2020, the eastern region was in zone IV and TC decreased.

[0104] according to Figure 4 As shown in (c), for Region I, the eastern region performed better than the central and western regions; in 2019-2020, the TC in the eastern region was seriously below average because the demand for rail travel dropped sharply, making it impossible for the railway bureau to have sufficient funds to overhaul, replace or replace existing technical equipment.

[0105] according to Figure 4 As shown in (d), the TC of the central region is greater than 1 in most years, and the TFP in 2013-2014 and 2016-2017 is far ahead of other years, that is, it is located in Zone I; technological innovation in the east and west has regressed in the past few years (Zone IV), indicating that technological innovation has encountered technical barriers and needs to be promoted through iterative updates of old technology machines, research and development of new technology equipment, and the discovery of high-tech talents.

[0106] The present invention divides China's railway transportation system into four stages: construction and development, production, consumption and profitability, and constructs the NDEA-Malmquist model to analyze the efficiency of each stage in my country from 2013 to 2020 and the changing trend of China's overall efficiency from a dynamic perspective; secondly, the railway bureaus are divided into east, central and west regions, and the performance matrix of TC and EC of the three regions is constructed to analyze whether the inefficiency in the four stages of construction and development, production, consumption and profitability is caused by EC or TC.

[0107] In summary, through the analysis of the NDEA-Malmquist model at each stage, it is found that the inefficiency of China's railway transportation is mainly caused by the profit stage; in order to solve the inefficiency problem in the profit stage, the state should increase preferential policies, stimulate people's desire to buy, promote the growth of per capita GDP, and obtain more income; secondly, the total factor productivity of China Railway Bureau has shown a downward trend in each stage, and the negative impact of the production stage is the greatest compared with other stages.

[0108] Embodiment 3

[0109] Reference Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a railway transportation production efficiency analysis device based on a network digital envelope analysis model provided by the present invention; specifically comprising:

[0110] Decision-making unit determination module 100: taking each railway bureau in the railway transportation system as a decision-making unit in the network digital envelope analysis model; taking the previous year of two adjacent years as the base year and the next year as the current year;

[0111] Stage efficiency calculation module 200: divide the railway operation process of each year into the construction and development stage, production stage, consumption stage and profit stage; based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with each decision-making unit in the base year The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current stage; based on each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current period are calculated for each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year. Dynamic efficiency value of the stage;

[0112] The overall efficiency calculation module 300: based on the network digital envelope analysis model, the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year are combined to calculate the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year; based on the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year, the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is calculated;

[0113] Production efficiency analysis module 400: Based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage, the production efficiency analysis results of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year are obtained.

[0114] The device of this embodiment is used to implement the aforementioned railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model. Therefore, the specific implementation method of the railway transportation production efficiency analysis device based on the network digital envelope analysis model can be seen in the embodiment part of the railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model in the previous text. For example, the decision unit determination module 100, the stage efficiency calculation module 200, the overall efficiency calculation module 300, and the production efficiency analysis module 400 are respectively used to implement S1 to S4 in the above-mentioned railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model. Therefore, its specific implementation method can refer to the description of the corresponding various parts of the embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0115] Embodiment 4

[0116] A specific embodiment of the present invention further provides a railway transportation production efficiency analysis device based on a network digital envelope analysis model, comprising:

[0117] A memory is used to store a computer program; a processor is used to implement the steps of the above-mentioned railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model when executing the computer program.

[0118] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0119] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0120] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0121] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0122] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on a network digital envelope analysis model, characterized in that: include: Each railway bureau in the railway transportation system is regarded as a decision-making unit in the network digital envelope analysis model; The first year of two consecutive years is taken as the base year, and the second year is taken as the current year; The railway operation process of each year is divided into the construction and development stage, production stage, consumption stage and profit stage; based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with each decision-making unit in the base year The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current stage; based on each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current period are calculated for each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year. Dynamic efficiency value of the stage; Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year are calculated by combining the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year; the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is calculated based on the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year; Based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage, the production efficiency analysis results of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year are obtained.

2. The railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the base year of each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The technical efficiency index of the stage is expressed as: in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Technical efficiency index of the stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

3. The railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the base year of each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The production technology index of the stage is expressed as: in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Production technology index of the stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the base year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit The amount of input in each stage; Indicates the current year Decision Making Unit Output of the stage; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year obtained based on the base year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the base year obtained based on the current year technique. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. Decision Making Unit Relative efficiency index of input and output of the stage; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

4. The railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current period are calculated for each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year. The dynamic efficiency value of the stage is expressed as: in, The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Total factor productivity index of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Dynamic efficiency value of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Technical efficiency index of the stage; The period between the base year and the current year. Decision Making Unit Production technology index of the stage; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

5. The railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year, the overall technical efficiency index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year is calculated, and its expression is: in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall technical efficiency index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year number based on the current year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

6. The railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year are combined to calculate the overall production technology index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year. The expression is: in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall production technology index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The total input of each decision-making unit; Indicates the current year The overall output of each decision-making unit; Indicates the base year number obtained based on the base year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year obtained based on the base year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year obtained based on the current year technique. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the current year number obtained based on the current year technology. The relative efficiency index of the overall input and output of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

7. The railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year, the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is calculated, and the expression is: in, The period between the base year and the current year. The overall total factor productivity index of the decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall efficiency value of a decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall technical efficiency index of a decision-making unit; The period between the base year and the current year. The overall production technology index of a decision-making unit; Indicates the base year; Indicates the current year.

8. The railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on the network digital envelope analysis model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The above-mentioned production efficiency analysis results of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year are obtained based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage between the base year and the current year, including: If the overall efficiency value of the current decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is greater than 1, it means that the overall production efficiency of the current railway bureau has increased between the base year and the current year; if the overall efficiency value of the current decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the overall production efficiency of the current railway bureau has decreased between the base year and the current year; If the dynamic efficiency value of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is greater than 1, it means that the production efficiency of the current railway bureau at the current stage between the base year and the current year has increased; if the dynamic efficiency value of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the production efficiency of the current railway bureau at the current stage between the base year and the current year has decreased; At this time, if the technical efficiency index of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the change in technical efficiency of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease; if the production technology index of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year is less than 1, it means that the change in production technology of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease; if the technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year are both less than 1, it means that the change in technical efficiency and production technology of the current decision-making unit at the current stage between the base year and the current year has caused its production efficiency to decrease.

9. A railway transportation production efficiency analysis device based on a network digital envelope analysis model, characterized in that: include: Decision-making unit determination module: each railway bureau in the railway transportation system is regarded as a decision-making unit in the network digital envelope analysis model; The first year of two consecutive years is taken as the base year, and the second year is taken as the current year; Stage efficiency calculation module: divides the railway operation process of each year into the construction and development stage, production stage, consumption stage and profit stage; based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with each decision-making unit in the base year The input and output of each stage, the current year, and each decision-making unit The input and output of each stage are calculated between the base year and the current year. The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current stage; based on each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year The technical efficiency index and production technology index of the current period are calculated for each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year. Dynamic efficiency value of the stage; Overall efficiency calculation module: Based on the network digital envelope analysis model, combined with the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the base year and the overall input and output of each decision-making unit in the current year, the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit in the base year and the current year are calculated; based on the overall technical efficiency index and production technology index of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year, the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year is calculated; Production efficiency analysis module: Based on the overall efficiency value of each decision-making unit between the base year and the current year and the dynamic efficiency value of each stage, the production efficiency analysis results of each railway bureau between the base year and the current year are obtained.

10. A railway transportation production efficiency analysis device based on a network digital envelope analysis model, characterized in that: include: Memory for storing computer programs; A processor is used to implement the steps of a railway transportation production efficiency analysis method based on a network digital envelope analysis model as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 when executing the computer program.

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