A battery formation method and device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium

Abstract

This application discloses a battery formation method, apparatus, electronic device, and readable storage medium. The method includes: determining a target range of restraint force and a target range of negative pressure value based on experimental results corresponding to a first battery; selecting a first restraint force within the target range of restraint force and a first negative pressure value within the target range of negative pressure value; charging the target battery for the first time with a first current value under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure value; charging the target battery for the second time with a second current value, and during the charging process, dynamically switching the restraint force and internal negative pressure of the target battery according to a gradient within the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value; and charging and discharging the target battery under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value. By dynamically switching according to a gradient, the residual gas inside the battery during the formation process is reduced, thereby mitigating the black spot phenomenon at the negative electrode interface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery formation method, apparatus, electronic device, and readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries possess advantages such as high voltage, high specific energy, long charge-discharge life, and safety and environmental friendliness, making them widely used in various electronic products (such as mobile phones, digital cameras, laptops, and power tools), portable small appliances, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. The manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries is complex, including stirring, coating, drying, bare cell preparation, packaging, and formation. Among these, the formation process is an indispensable step in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing process, playing a crucial role in the battery's performance.

[0003] Currently, the formation process for lithium batteries involves encapsulating the bare cell in a casing, injecting a measured amount of electrolyte, and then allowing it to stand for a period of time before formation. However, this formation process is complex, requires controlling many factors, and demands a significant amount of time and personnel, resulting in substantial waste of resources and time. This is especially true for power lithium batteries, where the interface after formation is often poor, easily leading to numerous black spots. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a battery formation method, apparatus, electronic device, and readable storage medium, which can reduce the number of black spots appearing at the negative electrode interface after battery formation.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application disclose a battery formation method, the method comprising: determining a target range of restraint force and a target range of negative pressure value based on experimental results corresponding to a first battery;

[0006] A first restraint force is selected within the target range of the restraint force, and a first negative pressure value is selected within the target range of the negative pressure value.

[0007] Under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure, the target battery is charged for the first time with a first current value; the target battery and the first battery have the same rated capacity.

[0008] The target battery is charged a second time with a second current value, and during the charging process, the restraint force and the negative pressure inside the target battery are dynamically switched according to the gradient within the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value; the second current value is greater than the first current value;

[0009] The target battery is charged and discharged under the conditions of a second restraint force and a second negative pressure value; the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value are the restraint force and negative pressure value at the end of the second charge.

[0010] Optionally, the charging and discharging of the target battery under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure includes:

[0011] Under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure, the target battery is charged for the third time with a third current value; the third current value is greater than the second current value.

[0012] After the third charging is completed, the target battery is cyclically charged and discharged under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure, and the state of charge of the target battery is controlled within a preset range.

[0013] Optionally, determining the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery includes:

[0014] The first cell was formed under different restraint forces and negative pressure conditions, and the amount of liquid loss of the first cell under each set of restraint forces and negative pressure conditions was recorded.

[0015] Based on the restraint force and negative pressure values ​​corresponding to the fluid loss that meet the preset conditions, determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure.

[0016] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0017] Before the target battery is charged for the first time, an electrolyte of a first preset capacity is injected into the target battery;

[0018] The target battery is sealed, and the sealed target battery is left to stand in a space at a preset temperature for a first preset time.

[0019] After charging and discharging the target battery, an electrolyte of a second preset capacity is injected into the target battery.

[0020] The target battery is sealed, and the sealed target battery is left to stand in a space at a preset temperature for a second preset time; the second preset time is longer than the first preset time.

[0021] Optionally, the preset temperature ranges from 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius; the first preset duration ranges from 10 hours to 14 hours; and the second preset duration ranges from 22 hours to 26 hours.

[0022] Optionally, the second charging of the target battery, and during the charging process, dynamically gradient switching the restraint force on the target battery and the negative pressure of the target battery's internal environment within the restraint force target range and the negative pressure value target range, includes:

[0023] Determine the number of gradients for dynamic switching;

[0024] Based on the number of gradients, the range of the binding force target is divided to obtain a corresponding number of second binding forces;

[0025] Based on the number of gradients, the target range of the negative pressure value is divided to obtain a corresponding number of second negative pressure values;

[0026] Every preset period, the second restraint force on the target battery and the second negative pressure value of the internal environment of the target battery are switched simultaneously.

[0027] Optionally, switching the second restraint force on the target battery and the second negative pressure value of the internal environment of the target battery at preset intervals includes:

[0028] Sort the various second restraint forces and various second negative pressure values;

[0029] The second restraint force is switched in ascending order, and the second negative pressure value is switched in descending order.

[0030] Secondly, embodiments of this application disclose a battery formation apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

[0031] Based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery, the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value are determined;

[0032] A first restraint force is selected within the target range of the restraint force, and a first negative pressure value is selected within the target range of the negative pressure value.

[0033] Under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure, the target battery is charged for the first time with a first current value; the target battery and the first battery have the same rated capacity.

[0034] The target battery is charged a second time, and during the charging process, the restraint force on the target battery and the negative pressure of the internal environment of the target battery are dynamically switched according to the gradient within the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value.

[0035] The target battery is charged and discharged under the conditions of a second restraint force and a second negative pressure value; the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value are the restraint force and negative pressure value at the end of the second charge.

[0036] Thirdly, embodiments of this application disclose an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus. The processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other through the communication bus. The memory is used to store executable instructions, which cause the processor to execute the battery formation method as described above.

[0037] Fourthly, embodiments of this application disclose a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery formation method as described above.

[0038] The embodiments of this application have the following advantages:

[0039] Based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery, the target ranges for restraint force and negative pressure are determined. Within the target range, a first restraint force is selected, and within the target range, a first negative pressure value is selected. Based on these determined target ranges, the optimal gas generation path is determined. Under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure value, the target battery is charged for the first time with a first current value; then, it is charged a second time with a second current value. During the charging process, within the target ranges for restraint force and negative pressure, the restraint force and internal negative pressure of the target battery are dynamically switched according to a gradient. Under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value, the target battery is charged and discharged. By dynamically switching according to a gradient, the residual gas inside the battery during the formation process is reduced, thereby mitigating the black spot phenomenon at the negative electrode interface. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an embodiment of the battery formation method of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a battery formation apparatus according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided by an example of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, the first object can be one or more. Furthermore, the term "and / or" in the specification and claims is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. In embodiments of this invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0046] Method Implementation Examples

[0047] Reference Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment of a battery formation method according to the present invention. The method may specifically include the following steps:

[0048] Step S101: Based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery, determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value.

[0049] It should be noted that battery formation refers to the process of activating the positive and negative electrode materials inside the battery through specific charging and discharging methods, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery. The battery formation method provided in this application can be applied to lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are classified by shape into square lithium batteries (such as commonly used mobile phone battery cells), cylindrical lithium batteries, and button lithium batteries; and by outer casing material into aluminum-cased lithium batteries, steel-cased lithium-ion batteries, and pouch lithium batteries.

[0050] The first battery is an experimental battery used to test the relationship between formation effects and influencing factors. For example, a 173Ah square aluminum-cased battery. Restraint force refers to the force used to fix and restrain the battery during formation to prevent displacement or deformation. Restraint force can be applied by using clamping devices to fix the battery and prevent horizontal or vertical movement during formation; or by applying pressure to the battery surface to control changes in thickness or shape; or by using fixing clamps or other devices to secure the battery to the formation equipment to prevent it from falling off or being damaged during formation. Negative pressure refers to the pressure inside the battery being lower than atmospheric pressure during charging or discharging. Various methods can be used to achieve a negative pressure state inside the battery. For example, a negative pressure state can be created by extracting gas above the electrolyte inside the battery; specifically, a negative pressure nozzle is aligned with the battery's electrolyte filling hole to perform a vacuum negative pressure operation.

[0051] It is important to note that when conducting experiments on the first battery, a suitable Design of Experiment (DOE) method must be selected, such as a full factorial design, and the value range of each input factor must be determined. An experimental matrix should be generated, and the experimental sequence arranged. Following the arrangement of the experimental matrix, the values ​​of the input factors are changed, and the formation experiment is conducted on the first battery, with the corresponding output factor data measured. The sub-data collected during the experiment are organized, and statistical software is used to process and analyze the experimental data to confirm the relationship between input and output factors. Methods such as analysis of variance and regression analysis can be used to reveal the interaction and degree of influence between factors. Based on the data analysis results, the optimal combination of input factor values ​​is determined to optimize the battery formation process and improve battery performance. Input factors can include formation time, formation temperature, the restraint force applied to the first battery, and the negative pressure value inside the first battery. Output factors can include the voltage stability of the first battery, the lifespan of the first battery, and the amount of electrolyte loss during the formation process. Liquid loss refers to the amount of electrolyte or other liquid components lost from the first battery during the formation process.

[0052] Step S102: Select a first restraint force within the target range of restraint force, and select a first negative pressure value within the target range of negative pressure value.

[0053] Specifically, based on the output factor, a first restraint force is selected from the target range of restraint force, and a first negative pressure value is selected from the target range of negative pressure value. Specifically, when the output factor meets preset conditions, the restraint force and negative pressure value corresponding to the output factor are determined as the first restraint force and the first negative pressure value. For example, a baseline test is performed on the first battery under no restraint force and atmospheric pressure, and the output factors such as the capacity and internal resistance of the first battery are recorded. The restraint force on the first battery is gradually increased, and after each increase, it is stabilized for a period of time before battery testing. The capacity and internal resistance of the first battery under different restraint forces are recorded. Under the condition of reaching the preset restraint force, the pressure of the internal environment of the first battery is gradually reduced. After each pressure reduction, it is stabilized for a period of time before battery testing. The capacity and internal resistance of the first battery under different negative pressures are recorded. During the experiment, when the capacity of the first battery first reaches 1000mAh and the internal resistance is below 50mΩ, the restraint force and the negative pressure value inside the first battery at this time are recorded.

[0054] Step S103: Under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure, the target battery is charged for the first time with a first current value; the target battery and the first battery have the same rated capacity.

[0055] It should be noted that the first charging time is preset, and the charging method used for the first charging of the target battery is constant current charging, which means that the first current value remains unchanged during the first charging process.

[0056] Step S104: Charge the target battery a second time with the second current value, and during the charging process, dynamically switch the restraint force and the negative pressure inside the target battery according to the gradient within the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value.

[0057] The second charging time is preset. The charging method used for the second charging of the target battery is constant current charging. Dynamically switching the restraint force and internal negative pressure of the target battery according to gradients can include: setting a first number of gradients; dividing the target range of restraint force and negative pressure value according to the number of gradients, resulting in a first number of restraint force intervals and a first number of negative pressure value intervals. Each restraint force interval corresponds to one restraint force, and each negative pressure value interval corresponds to one negative pressure value; arranging and combining the restraint force and negative pressure values. During the second charging of the target battery, a set is selected from the combinations as the initial restraint force and initial negative pressure of the target battery. At regular intervals, the restraint force and internal negative pressure of the target battery are switched according to the combination formed by the restraint force and negative pressure values. When switching the restraint force on the target battery and the negative pressure inside the target battery, both parameters can be switched simultaneously, or one parameter can be switched separately. For example, the restraint force on the target battery can be kept constant while the negative pressure inside the target battery can be changed; or the negative pressure inside the target battery can be kept constant while the restraint force on the target battery can be changed.

[0058] Step S105: Under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value, the target battery is charged and discharged; the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value are the restraint force and negative pressure value at the end of the second charging.

[0059] Under the conditions of a second restraint force and a second negative pressure, the target battery is charged and discharged according to a charge-discharge strategy. For example, a charging cycle and a stop-charging cycle are set. During the charging cycle, charging is performed in a constant current or constant voltage manner, and during the stop-charging cycle, charging is stopped.

[0060] In this embodiment, based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery, a target range for restraint force and a target range for negative pressure are determined. A first restraint force is selected within the target range for restraint force, and a first negative pressure value is selected within the target range for negative pressure value. Based on the determined target ranges for restraint force and negative pressure value, an optimal gas generation path is determined. Under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure value, the target battery is charged for the first time with a first current value; the target battery is charged for the second time with a second current value. During the charging process, within the target ranges for restraint force and negative pressure value, the restraint force and internal negative pressure of the target battery are dynamically switched according to a gradient. Under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value, the target battery is charged and discharged. By dynamically switching according to a gradient, the residual gas inside the battery during the formation process is reduced, thereby mitigating the black spot phenomenon at the negative electrode interface.

[0061] Optionally, the charging and discharging of the target battery under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure includes:

[0062] Step 11: Under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure, the target battery is charged for the third time with a third current value; the third current value is greater than the second current value.

[0063] Step 12: After the third charging is completed, under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure, the target battery is cyclically charged and discharged, and the state of charge of the target battery is controlled within a preset range.

[0064] State of Charge (SoC) refers to the ratio of the remaining charge of a target battery to its rated capacity.

[0065] The third charging time is preset, and constant current charging is used when charging the target battery for the third time. Cyclic charging and discharging refers to repeatedly charging and discharging the target battery under specific conditions to simulate the charging and discharging behavior of the battery in actual use.

[0066] Based on the target battery type, application requirements, and testing objectives, a suitable SOC range is set. During cyclic charging and discharging, parameters such as charging and discharging current and time are controlled to maintain the target battery's SOC within the preset range. For example, under conditions of a second constraint force and a second negative voltage, the target battery is cyclically charged and discharged, maintaining its SOC between 2% and 4%. During the charging phase, the battery is charged from 2% SOC to 4% SOC with a constant current; during the discharging phase, the battery is discharged from 4% SOC to 2% SOC with the same constant current, repeating the charging and discharging process to form a cycle.

[0067] In this embodiment, the target battery is charged a third time with a third current value under the conditions of a second restraint force and a second negative voltage. After the third charging is completed, the target battery is cycle-charged and discharged under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative voltage, and the state of charge of the target battery is controlled within a preset range. This enhances the stability of the target battery interface, promotes the full occurrence of side reactions inside the battery, forms a stable and dense SEI film, and improves the flatness and uniformity of the electrode interface.

[0068] Optionally, determining the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery includes:

[0069] Step 21: Form the first cell under different restraint forces and negative pressure conditions, and record the amount of liquid loss of the first cell under each set of restraint forces and negative pressure conditions;

[0070] Step 22: Determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure based on the restraint force and negative pressure value corresponding to the fluid loss volume that meets the preset conditions.

[0071] Before conducting the formation experiment on the first battery, the range of restraint force and negative pressure values ​​to be tested is first determined. Test equipment is prepared, such as a battery formation system, a restraint force application device, a negative pressure control system, and a liquid loss measurement tool. The first battery is placed in the battery formation system and formed according to the predetermined restraint force and negative pressure conditions. During the formation process, the liquid loss of the battery is monitored and recorded in real time. The liquid loss of the first battery can be measured by measuring changes in battery weight, changes in electrolyte volume, or using a specialized liquid loss measurement tool. For example, before forming the first battery, a first weight is recorded; after forming the first battery under different restraint force and negative pressure conditions, a second weight is recorded; and the liquid loss of the first battery is determined based on the difference between the first and second weights.

[0072] Continue testing until all predetermined combinations of restraint force and negative pressure values ​​have been completed. For each set of restraint force and negative pressure conditions, record relevant parameters such as battery fluid loss, formation time, and battery temperature. Based on the recorded fluid loss data, plot a graph showing the relationship between restraint force, negative pressure, and fluid loss. Analyze the data to identify the range of restraint force and negative pressure values ​​corresponding to fluid loss that meets the preset conditions. Preset conditions may include minimum fluid loss or a specific fluid loss range. Based on the data analysis results, determine the target ranges for restraint force and negative pressure values. These target ranges cover the restraint force and negative pressure values ​​corresponding to fluid loss that meets the preset conditions. The setting of the target ranges should consider factors such as the battery's actual application requirements, performance requirements, and safety. Within the determined target ranges for restraint force and negative pressure values, select representative points for further verification tests. Based on the verification test results, make necessary adjustments and optimizations to the target ranges to ensure that the battery achieves optimal performance during the formation process.

[0073] For example, a factorial design was created using Minitab software, employing a 2-factor design with restraint force and negative pressure as the two factors; and a 3-center DOE factorial design. The restraint force range was set to 50 kgf to 150 kgf, and the negative pressure range to -5 kPa to -40 kPa. The restraint force and negative pressure ranges were input into the factorial options in Minitab software, forming the experimental parameter sequence list in Table 1. The standard sequence represents the experimental run order when the experiment is performed in a standard order. The run order, after introducing randomness, displays the experimental run order when the experiment is performed in a random sequence. Based on the experimental protocol parameters in Table 1, experiments were conducted, and the results for each fluid loss were entered. The factorial design was analyzed, and the data were analyzed to derive the parameter configuration and parameter window for the minimum fluid loss. The parameters refer to the parameter range, and the parameters refer to the restraint force and negative pressure.

[0074] Table 1 List of experimental parameter sequences

[0075] C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Standard sequence Run sequence center point District Group Restraint negative pressure 6 1 0 1 100 -22.5 2 2 1 1 150 -40.0 5 3 0 1 100 -22.5 1 4 1 1 50 -40.0 3 5 1 1 50 -5.0 7 6 0 1 100 -22.5 4 7 1 1 150 -5.0

[0076] In this embodiment, the first battery is formed under different restraint forces and negative pressure conditions, and the liquid loss of the first battery under each set of restraint forces and negative pressure conditions is recorded. Based on the restraint forces and negative pressure values ​​corresponding to the liquid loss that meet preset conditions, the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value are determined. Based on the liquid loss, the optimal parameter combination is determined to determine the optimal gas generation path, so that the target battery can be formed subsequently based on the optimal parameter combination to reduce the liquid loss during the formation process of the target battery.

[0077] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0078] Step 31: Before the first charge of the target battery, inject the target battery with an electrolyte of a first preset capacity;

[0079] Step 32: Seal the target battery and place the sealed target battery in a space with a preset temperature for a first preset time.

[0080] Step 33: After charging and discharging the target battery, inject the target battery with an electrolyte of a second preset capacity;

[0081] Step 34: Seal the target battery and place the sealed target battery in a space with a preset temperature for a second preset time; the second preset time is longer than the first preset time.

[0082] For newly manufactured batteries or batteries that have been stored for a long time, before the batteries are formed, electrolyte can be injected into the batteries to activate the chemical substances in the batteries, thus preparing them for charging and discharging.

[0083] After the initial electrolyte filling of the target battery, it can be sealed using specialized sealing materials or sealing rings. Alternatively, it can be sealed by inserting rubber plugs into the electrolyte filling port. The initial electrolyte filling refers to injecting a first predetermined capacity of electrolyte into the target battery. Ensure there are no leaks at the seal; this can be done through visual inspection or by using specialized testing tools. Allowing the sealed target battery to stand allows the electrolyte to fully permeate the interior, ensuring the electrochemical reaction proceeds smoothly.

[0084] Depending on the battery type and specifications, set a suitable temperature for resting. Generally, the longer the resting time, the more stable the battery performance. However, excessive resting time may also lead to excessive self-discharge of the battery, so the resting time needs to be set according to the actual situation.

[0085] After a first preset time period, the target battery is unsealed and placed in a formation environment for formation. For example, when the target battery is sealed by plugging it with adhesive pins, the adhesive pins at the target battery's filler port are removed after the target battery has been left to stand for a first preset time period.

[0086] After the target battery has completed its formation, electrolyte needs to be added, resulting in a second electrolyte injection. The target battery is then sealed and placed in a space at a preset temperature for a second preset time. The preset temperature of the space used for this second electrolyte injection is the same as that used after the first electrolyte injection. The second electrolyte injection refers to injecting a second preset capacity of electrolyte into the target battery.

[0087] In this embodiment, before the target battery is first charged, an electrolyte of a first preset capacity is injected into the target battery; the target battery is sealed, and the sealed target battery is placed in a space at a preset temperature for a first preset time; after the target battery is charged and discharged, an electrolyte of a second preset capacity is injected into the target battery; the target battery is sealed, and the sealed target battery is placed in a space at a preset temperature for a second preset time. By injecting electrolyte into the target battery, the chemical substances in the target battery are activated. Sealing the injected target battery and placing it in a high-temperature chamber allows the electrolyte in the target battery to be fully impregnated.

[0088] Optionally, the preset temperature ranges from 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius; the first preset duration ranges from 10 hours to 14 hours; and the second preset duration ranges from 22 hours to 26 hours.

[0089] In this embodiment, before forming the target battery, an electrolyte of a first preset capacity is injected into the target battery. After electrolyte injection, the target battery is treated with rubber plugs and then placed in a high-temperature chamber with humidity <1% for 10 to 14 hours. The temperature range of the high-temperature chamber is 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius.

[0090] After the formation of the target battery is completed, the target battery is replenished with electrolyte of the second preset capacity. After replenishment, the target battery is sealed with rubber plugs and then placed in a high-temperature chamber with humidity <1% for 22 to 26 hours. The temperature range of the high-temperature chamber is 40 to 50 degrees Celsius.

[0091] In this embodiment, the target battery, after the first electrolyte injection, is left to stand in a high-temperature chamber at 40 to 50 degrees Celsius for a preset time to allow the electrolyte to fully impregnate the target battery; and after formation, the target battery is replenished with electrolyte.

[0092] Optionally, the second charging of the target battery, and during the charging process, dynamically gradient switching the restraint force on the target battery and the negative pressure of the target battery's internal environment within the restraint force target range and the negative pressure value target range, includes:

[0093] Step 41: Determine the number of gradients for dynamic switching;

[0094] Step 42: Divide the target range of the restraining force according to the number of gradients to obtain a corresponding number of second restraining forces;

[0095] Step 43: Divide the target range of negative pressure value according to the number of gradients to obtain a corresponding number of second negative pressure values;

[0096] Step 44: At preset intervals, simultaneously switch the second restraint force on the target battery and the second negative pressure value of the internal environment of the target battery.

[0097] Based on the determined number of gradients, the target range of restraint force is divided into a corresponding number of intervals. Each interval corresponds to a second restraint force value. Similarly, the target range of negative pressure is divided into intervals corresponding to the number of gradients. For example, the target range of restraint force is 50 kgf to 120 kgf, divided into 5 gradients, each gradient being 14 kgf, corresponding to five intervals of 50 kgf to 64 kgf, 64 kgf to 78 kgf, 78 kgf to 92 kgf, 92 kgf to 106 kgf, and 106 kgf to 120 kgf. The target range of negative pressure is -5 kPa to -30 kPa, divided into 5 gradients, each gradient being 5 kPa, corresponding to five intervals of -5 kPa to -10 kPa, -10 kPa to -15 kPa, -15 kPa to -20 kPa, -20 kPa to -25 kPa, and -25 kPa to -30 kPa.

[0098] A preset cycle is defined. This cycle can be a fixed time interval or a trigger based on an event (such as the battery temperature reaching a certain threshold). At the end of each preset cycle, the restraint force on the target battery and the negative pressure value inside the target battery are switched simultaneously. The restraint force and negative pressure values ​​are switched cyclically according to a preset gradient sequence until the formation process is completed.

[0099] In this embodiment, the number of gradients for dynamic switching is determined; based on the number of gradients, the target range of the restraint force is divided to obtain a corresponding number of second restraint forces; based on the number of gradients, the target range of the negative pressure value is divided to obtain a corresponding number of second negative pressure values; every preset period, the second restraint force on the target battery and the second negative pressure value of the internal environment of the target battery are switched simultaneously. By simultaneously switching the second restraint force on the target battery and the negative pressure inside the target battery, the residual gas in the target battery is reduced, and the interface remains stable and uniform.

[0100] Optionally, switching the second restraint force on the target battery and the second negative pressure value of the internal environment of the target battery at preset intervals includes:

[0101] Step 51: Sort the various second restraint forces and the various second negative pressure values;

[0102] Step 52: Switch the second restraint force in ascending order and switch the second negative pressure value in descending order.

[0103] For example, the target restraint force range is 0-10N. Based on the requirements of the three gradients, this range can be evenly divided into three intervals, as shown in Table 2:

[0104] Table 2: Three restraint force intervals and the second restraint force

[0105] gradient Binding range Second binding force 1 0 to 3.3 3.3 2 3.3 to 6.7 6.7 3 6.7 to 10 10

[0106] The target range for negative pressure is 0 kPa to -10 kPa. Similarly, this target range is evenly divided into three intervals, as shown in Table 3:

[0107] Table 3: Three negative pressure value ranges and the second negative pressure value

[0108] gradient negative pressure range Second negative pressure value 1 0 to -3.3 -3.3 2 -3.3 to -6.7 -6.7 3 -6.7 to -10 -10

[0109] The combination of restraint force and negative pressure is set to switch every preset period. At the start of the experiment, the target battery is subjected to a second restraint force of 3.3 N and the second negative pressure of the internal environment of the target battery is -3.3 kPa. After the preset period, the experiment switches to the second gradient, i.e., the restraint force becomes 6.7 N and the negative pressure becomes -6.7 kPa. After another 24 hours, the experiment switches to the third gradient, i.e., the restraint force becomes 10 N and the negative pressure becomes -10 kPa. The experiment can then periodically switch between these three gradients.

[0110] It should be noted that the switching cycle can be set based on the duration of the second charging, so that the duration obtained by multiplying the switching cycle by the number of cycles is less than the duration of the second charging. When the duration obtained by multiplying the switching cycle by the number of cycles is less than the duration of the second charging, each gradient will switch at most once during the second charging process, and some gradients will not be switched. For example, if the second charging duration is 20 minutes, the gradient is set to 5, and there are 5 sets of parameters (the parameters refer to the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value), and the switching frequency is set to 1 time / 5 minutes (i.e., the preset cycle is 5 minutes), then each set of parameters will be switched once during the second charging process. If the switching frequency is set to 1 time / 6 minutes (i.e., the preset cycle is 6 minutes), then only 4 sets of parameters can be switched during the second charging process, and the final time period of 2 minutes is less than the preset cycle.

[0111] In this embodiment of the application, a method for dynamically switching the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value is provided, which sorts the various second restraint forces and the various second negative pressure values; switches the second restraint forces in ascending order and switches the second negative pressure values ​​in descending order, thereby reducing the residual gas in the target battery and improving the stability and uniformity of the interface.

[0112] In summary, the battery formation method provided in this application can determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery and the restraint force and negative pressure value of the first battery when the liquid loss meets the preset conditions. Based on the determined target ranges of restraint force and negative pressure value, the optimal gas generation path is determined. Within the target range of restraint force, a first restraint force is selected, and within the target range of negative pressure value, a first negative pressure value is selected to determine the optimal parameter combination. Under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure value, the target battery is charged for the first time with a first current value; the target battery is charged for the second time with a second current value, and during the charging process, within the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value, the restraint force and the negative pressure inside the target battery are dynamically switched according to a gradient; under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value, the target battery is charged and discharged. By dynamically switching according to a gradient, the residual gas inside the battery during the formation process is reduced, thereby mitigating the black spot phenomenon at the negative electrode interface.

[0113] Device Examples

[0114] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This paper illustrates a logic block diagram of a battery formation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. The apparatus may include:

[0115] The determination module 210 is used to determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery.

[0116] The selection module 220 is used to select a first restraint force within the restraint force target range and a first negative pressure value within the negative pressure value target range;

[0117] The first charging module 230 is used to charge the target battery for the first time with a first current value under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure value; the target battery and the first battery have the same rated capacity.

[0118] The second charging module 240 is used to charge the target battery a second time with a second current value, and during the charging process, dynamically switches the restraint force and the negative pressure inside the target battery according to the gradient within the restraint force target range and the negative pressure value target range; the second current value is greater than the first current value;

[0119] The charging and discharging module 250 is used to charge and discharge the target battery under the conditions of a second restraint force and a second negative pressure value; the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value are the restraint force and negative pressure value at the end of the second charging.

[0120] Optionally, the charging and discharging module includes:

[0121] The third charging module is used to charge the target battery a third time with a third current value under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value.

[0122] The charging and discharging module is used to cycle the charging and discharging of the target battery under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure after the third charging is completed, and to control the state of charge of the target battery within a preset range.

[0123] Optionally, the determining module includes:

[0124] The recording module is used to form the first cell under different restraint forces and negative pressure conditions, and to record the amount of liquid loss of the first cell under each set of restraint forces and negative pressure conditions.

[0125] The first determining submodule is used to determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the restraint force and negative pressure value corresponding to the fluid loss volume that meets the preset conditions.

[0126] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0127] The first injection module is used to inject electrolyte of a first preset capacity into the target battery before the target battery is charged for the first time.

[0128] The first settling module is used to seal the target battery and settling the sealed target battery in a space at a preset temperature for a first preset time.

[0129] The second injection module is used to inject a second preset capacity of electrolyte into the target battery after the target battery has been charged and discharged.

[0130] The second settling module is used to seal the target battery and settling the sealed target battery in a space at a preset temperature for a second preset time; the second preset time is longer than the first preset time.

[0131] Optionally, the preset temperature ranges from 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius; the first preset duration ranges from 10 hours to 14 hours; and the second preset duration ranges from 22 hours to 26 hours.

[0132] Optionally, the second charging module includes:

[0133] The second determining submodule is used to determine the number of gradients for dynamic switching;

[0134] The first division module is used to divide the range of the restraining force target according to the number of gradients to obtain a corresponding number of second restraining forces;

[0135] The second division module is used to divide the target range of negative pressure value according to the number of gradients to obtain a corresponding number of second negative pressure values;

[0136] The switching module is used to simultaneously switch the second restraint force on the target battery and the second negative pressure value of the internal environment of the target battery at preset intervals.

[0137] Optionally, the switching module includes:

[0138] The sorting module is used to sort the various second restraint forces and various second negative pressure values;

[0139] The switching submodule is used to switch the second restraint force in ascending order and the second negative pressure value in descending order.

[0140] In summary, the battery formation apparatus provided in this application can determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery and the restraint force and negative pressure value of the first battery when the liquid loss meets the preset conditions. Based on the determined target ranges of restraint force and negative pressure value, the optimal gas generation path is determined. Within the target range of restraint force, a first restraint force is selected, and within the target range of negative pressure value, a first negative pressure value is selected to determine the optimal parameter combination. Under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure value, the target battery is charged for the first time with a first current value; the target battery is charged for the second time with a second current value, and during the charging process, within the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value, the restraint force and the negative pressure inside the target battery are dynamically switched according to a gradient; under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value, the target battery is charged and discharged. By dynamically switching according to a gradient, the residual gas inside the battery during the formation process is reduced, thereby mitigating the black spot phenomenon at the negative electrode interface.

[0141] The battery formation device in this application embodiment can be an electronic device or a component within an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other devices besides a terminal. For example, the electronic device can be a GPU BOX, mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, PDA, in-vehicle electronic device, mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, or personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. It can also be a server, network attached storage (NAS), personal computer (PC), television (TV), ATM, or self-service machine, etc. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the device.

[0142] The battery formation apparatus provided in this application embodiment can achieve... Figure 1 The various processes implemented in the method implementation examples will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0143] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment also provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory. The memory stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor. When the program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the various steps of the above-described battery formation method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0144] In embodiments of this application, the memory can be used to store software programs and various data. The memory may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, applications or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or both. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0145] The processor may include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and applications, while the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into the processor.

[0146] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described battery formation method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0147] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0148] This application provides a computer program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the battery formation method embodiments described above, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0149] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0150] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the related technology, can be embodied in the form of a computer software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0151] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery formation method, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery, the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value are determined; A first restraint force is selected within the target range of the restraint force, and a first negative pressure value is selected within the target range of the negative pressure value. Under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure, the target battery is charged for the first time with a first current value; the target battery and the first battery have the same rated capacity. The target battery is charged a second time with a second current value, and during the charging process, the restraint force on the target battery and the negative pressure of the internal environment of the target battery are dynamically switched according to the gradient within the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value; the second current value is greater than the first current value; The target battery is charged and discharged under the conditions of a second restraint force and a second negative pressure value; the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value are the restraint force and negative pressure value at the end of the second charge. The step of determining the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery includes: forming the first battery under different restraint force and negative pressure conditions, and recording the amount of liquid loss of the first battery under each set of restraint force and negative pressure conditions; and determining the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the restraint force and negative pressure value corresponding to the amount of liquid loss that meets the preset conditions. The second charging of the target battery, and during the charging process, dynamically gradient switching of the restraint force and the negative pressure of the target battery's internal environment within the restraint force target range and the negative pressure value target range, includes: determining the number of gradients for dynamic switching; dividing the restraint force target range according to the number of gradients to obtain a corresponding number of second restraint forces; dividing the negative pressure value target range according to the number of gradients to obtain a corresponding number of second negative pressure values; and simultaneously switching the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value of the target battery's internal environment at preset intervals.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging and discharging of the target battery under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure includes: Under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure, the target battery is charged for the third time with a third current value; the third current value is greater than the second current value. After the third charging is completed, the target battery is cyclically charged and discharged under the conditions of the second restraint force and the second negative pressure, and the state of charge of the target battery is controlled within a preset range.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Before the target battery is charged for the first time, an electrolyte of a first preset capacity is injected into the target battery; The target battery is sealed, and the sealed target battery is left to stand in a space at a preset temperature for a first preset time. After charging and discharging the target battery, an electrolyte of a second preset capacity is injected into the target battery. The target battery is sealed, and the sealed target battery is left to stand in a space at a preset temperature for a second preset time; the second preset time is longer than the first preset time.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preset temperature ranges from 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius; the first preset duration ranges from 10 hours to 14 hours; and the second preset duration ranges from 22 hours to 26 hours.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of switching the second restraint force on the target battery and the second negative pressure value of the internal environment of the target battery at preset intervals includes: Sort the various second restraint forces and various second negative pressure values; The second restraint force is switched in ascending order, and the second negative pressure value is switched in descending order.

6. A battery formation apparatus, characterized in that, The device includes: The determination module is used to determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the experimental results corresponding to the first battery. The determining module includes: a recording module, used to form the first battery under different restraint forces and negative pressure conditions, and record the amount of liquid loss of the first battery under each set of restraint forces and negative pressure conditions; The first determining submodule is used to determine the target range of restraint force and the target range of negative pressure value based on the restraint force and negative pressure value corresponding to the amount of liquid loss that meets the preset conditions. The selection module is used to select a first restraint force within the restraint force target range and a first negative pressure value within the negative pressure value target range; The first charging module is used to charge the target battery for the first time with a first current value under the conditions of the first restraint force and the first negative pressure value; the target battery and the first battery have the same rated capacity. The second charging module is used to charge the target battery a second time, and during the charging process, the binding force on the target battery and the negative pressure of the internal environment of the target battery are dynamically switched according to the gradient within the target range of the binding force and the target range of the negative pressure value. The second charging module includes: a second determining submodule, used to determine the number of gradients for dynamic switching; The first division module is used to divide the range of the restraining force target according to the number of gradients to obtain a corresponding number of second restraining forces; The second division module is used to divide the target range of negative pressure value according to the number of gradients to obtain a corresponding number of second negative pressure values; The switching module is used to simultaneously switch the second restraint force on the target battery and the second negative pressure value of the internal environment of the target battery at preset intervals. The charging and discharging module is used to charge and discharge the target battery under the conditions of a second restraint force and a second negative pressure value; the second restraint force and the second negative pressure value are the restraint force and negative pressure value at the end of the second charging.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other through the communication bus; The memory is used to store executable instructions that cause the processor to perform the battery formation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery formation method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

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