A peanut sowing device with shells and a sowing process

Abstract

The invention discloses a peanut shell sowing device and a sowing process, and relates to the technical field of agricultural sowing equipment. The peanut shell sowing device comprises a frame, a rolling unit, a seeding unit and a furrowing unit. The rolling unit is arranged at the end of the frame, the seeding unit is arranged in the middle of the frame, the furrowing unit is arranged at the bottom of the seeding unit, a material shifting unit is arranged inside the seeding unit, the rolling unit and the seeding unit are connected by a belt transmission mechanism, the rolling unit is used for crushing soil, the seeding unit is used for discharging seeds into opened furrows, and the material shifting unit is used for shifting seeds in a rotating ring to facilitate the seeds to enter the material trough. The invention adaptively adjusts the furrowing and sowing depth according to the undulation of the ground, and timely handles the seeds when they are stuck, so as to ensure the uniformity of sowing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seeding equipment, and particularly to a peanut shell-sowing device and a sowing process. Background Technique

[0002] Currently, the traditional sowing method is to sow peanuts after shelling. This sowing method actually has many drawbacks: the process of manual shelling is too time-consuming and laborious, and machine shelling will damage the kernels, especially the prominent radicles on the seeds, affecting the germination rate of the seeds. In addition, it is easy for the seeds to be damaged by underground pests, germs, etc. Now, when sowing the grains, pesticide dressing is still required, which will cause problems such as food pesticide residues and soil pollution. Therefore, the peanut shell-sowing technology has been developed on the basis of comprehensively considering the drawbacks of traditional planting, the sustainable development of agriculture, and the progress of related technologies.

[0003] Chinese Patent No. 2020110411725 discloses an agricultural peanut sowing device, including: an axle, which is rotatably connected to one side of the vehicle frame; at least two wheels, which are all connected to the axle; a support disc, which is connected to one side of the vehicle frame close to the axle; a support plate, which is connected to one side of the vehicle frame close to the support disc; a handle, which is connected to the support plate; a hole-drilling mechanism, which is connected to the other side of the vehicle frame; a transmission mechanism, which is connected between the support disc and the support plate; a feeding mechanism, which is connected between the support disc and the transmission mechanism. However, when the ground has slopes and undulations, the trench opening depth will be uneven, and then the sowing depth will be uneven, affecting the germination of the seeds.

[0004] In addition, due to the large volume and rough skin of shelled peanuts, the seeds are easily stuck in the seed metering mechanism, resulting in missed sowing. In addition, although the existing technology can handle the situation in time after the seeds are stuck, it will cause uneven sowing spacing of the seeds, affecting the growth density and normal growth of the seedlings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects, and provide a peanut shell-sowing device and a sowing process, which can adaptively adjust the trench opening and sowing depth according to the undulations of the ground, and timely handle the situation when the seeds are stuck, while ensuring the uniformity of sowing, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technique.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a peanut seeding device in shell, comprising a frame, a rolling unit, a seeding unit and a furrowing unit, wherein the rolling unit is arranged at the end of the frame, the seeding unit is arranged in the middle of the frame, the furrowing unit is arranged at the bottom of the seeding unit, a material shifting unit is arranged inside the seeding unit, the rolling unit and the seeding unit are connected by a belt transmission mechanism, the seeding unit solves the problem of material jamming in the seeding unit by cooperating with the furrowing unit and the material shifting unit, and the rolling unit ensures the uniformity of furrowing depth by cooperating with the furrowing unit;

[0008] The rolling unit comprises a mounting seat, a wheel axle is rotatably connected to the side of the mounting seat, a wheel body is fixedly sleeved on the wheel axle, and pressure plates are evenly arranged on the circumferential surface of the wheel body;

[0009] The seeding unit comprises a mounting shaft and a side plate, the middle part of the side plate is movably sleeved on the mounting shaft, a rotating ring is provided at the end of the mounting shaft, a material trough is provided through the circumferential side of the rotating ring, a shell is provided on the side of the side plate, an arc plate is provided on the inner bottom of the shell, and a seeding groove is provided on one side of the bottom of the arc plate;

[0010] The furrowing unit comprises a furrow opener, a movable plate and a screw rod, and a connecting rod is arranged between the inner side of the furrow opener and the conical bucket.

[0011] Furthermore, the mounting seat is arranged at the bottom of the frame, guide columns are provided on both sides of the mounting seat, the guide columns pass through the top surface of the frame, a pressure sensor is provided in the middle of the top surface of the mounting seat, and a spring is provided between the pressure sensor and the bottom surface of the frame.

[0012] Furthermore, a drop hopper is provided at the bottom of the shell, a telescopic tube is provided at the bottom of the drop hopper, and a conical hopper is provided at the bottom of the telescopic tube;

[0013] The mounting shaft is arranged at the top of the frame through the shaft seat, the side plate is arranged at the top of the frame, the shell completely wraps the rotating ring, the inner wall of the arc plate is fitted with the bottom of the outer circumferential surface of the rotating ring, the two ends of the arc plate are sealed with the inner wall of the shell, and an arc guide groove is formed between the circumferential surface of the arc plate and the inner bottom side of the shell.

[0014] Furthermore, a material guide hopper is provided at the bottom of the side surface of the shell, the inner bottom of the material guide hopper is connected through the bottom of the side surface of the shell, and a storage hopper is provided at the top of the material guide hopper.

[0015] Furthermore, a photoelectric sensor is provided in the material trough, a sealing plate is hinged on one side of the conical bucket through a rotating shaft, an electric flipping mechanism is provided at the bottom of the conical bucket, and an output end of the electric flipping mechanism is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft.

[0016] Further, the movable plate is movably sleeved outside the blanking hopper. The furrow opener is arranged on one side of the movable plate close to the rolling unit. The screw rod is rotationally connected to the side surface of the blanking hopper through a support. The end of the screw rod is drivingly connected to an adjusting motor, and the adjusting motor is arranged on the side surface of the blanking hopper;

[0017] The connecting rod is an electric push rod, and the end of the connecting rod is hinged to the conical hopper.

[0018] Further, the material pushing unit includes a driving part, the driving part is arranged in the middle of the inner ring of the rotating ring, a support shaft is arranged at the output end of the driving part, the end of the support shaft is rotationally connected to the housing, an electric telescopic rod is arranged on the circumferential surface of the support shaft, and a pushing block is arranged at the end of the electric telescopic rod.

[0019] Further, the belt transmission mechanism includes a main belt pulley and a secondary belt pulley. The main belt pulley is arranged at the end of the wheel shaft, the secondary belt pulley is arranged at the end of the mounting shaft, and the main belt pulley and the secondary belt pulley are drivingly connected through a transmission belt;

[0020] A fixed seat is arranged on one side of the frame away from the rolling unit, and soil covering plates are arranged at both sides of the bottom of the fixed seat through fixed rods;

[0021] A pressure roller is rotationally connected to the bottom end of one end of the frame away from the rolling unit through a fixed frame.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a seeding process for the peanut shell sowing device, and the steps are as follows:

[0023] S1. Seed preparation: Sun-dry the shelled peanuts for two days, and select peanut pods that are uniform and disease-free;

[0024] S2. Preparation and soaking of the soaking agent: Add potassium permanganate and ABT rooting powder to clear water, stir well to prepare the soaking agent. Take a container of appropriate size, fill it with 1 / 2 volume of the soaking agent and stir well. Completely immerse the selected peanuts in the solution, soak them at room temperature for 12 hours, and turn and stir them 2 times in the middle;

[0025] S3. Land preparation: Deep plow and turn the land before sowing, then rotary till and level the land, and plant in ridges;

[0026] S4. Equipment debugging and preparation: Check whether each component is normal, ensure that the components of the rolling unit, seed metering unit, furrowing unit and material pushing unit are firmly connected and can operate normally. Add the soaked shelled peanuts to the storage hopper of the seed metering unit, and drive the screw rod to rotate through the adjusting motor to drive the movable plate and the furrow opener to move up and down to adjust the furrowing depth;

[0027] S5. Sowing: Driven by agricultural machinery to drive the traction frame, the wheel body of the rolling unit rolls on the ground. The pressing plate breaks and loosens the soil. At the same time, the furrow opener opens a furrow. When the wheel body rolls, the installation shaft is driven by the belt drive mechanism to drive the transmission ring to rotate. At the same time, the shelled peanuts are filled in the feeding trough and rotate to the position corresponding to the seed discharging groove and then enter the arc-shaped guiding groove, and fall into the opened furrow through the hopper, the telescopic pipe and the conical hopper. At the same time, the electric telescopic rod and the dialing block in the feeding unit swing reciprocally to ensure that the shelled peanut seeds are smoothly filled into the feeding trough;

[0028] S6. Covering soil: After sowing, immediately the soil covering plate covers the soil on both sides of the furrow on the seeds, and the pressing roller compacts the covered soil to ensure that the seeds are in close contact with the soil.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. During the process of the wheel body of the rolling unit moving on the ground in the present invention, when the ground undulates and the wheel body moves up and down, the pressure sensor detects the pressure change. When the pressure value exceeds the threshold, the adjusting motor drives the screw rod to rotate, driving the furrow opener to move up and down to ensure that the furrow opening depth is uniform, providing suitable conditions for seed germination and avoiding affecting the germination rate due to too deep or too shallow furrow opening.

[0031] 2. In the present invention, the photoelectric sensor arranged in the feeding trough of the seed discharging unit detects the falling situation of the seeds. When the seeds in the feeding trough are stuck due to reasons such as size or rough epidermis, the change rule of the optical signal of the photoelectric sensor changes, triggering the processing mechanism. By adjusting the motor, the furrow opener, the conical hopper and the telescopic pipe are linked, the air pressure in the arc-shaped guiding groove changes, and at the same time, the dialing block of the feeding unit cooperates to make the seeds loose and unclogged.

[0032] 3. After the seeds are unclogged in the present invention, the position of the conical hopper is adjusted by using the connecting rod to make the seeds fall on the predetermined position, ensuring uniform sowing density and avoiding the problem of uneven sowing spacing caused by clogging treatment, which is beneficial to the normal growth of seedlings. Description of the drawings

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention from another angle;

[0035] Figure 3 is the present invention Figure 2 the enlarged structural schematic diagram at A in;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the seed discharging unit of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the seed discharging unit of the present invention from another angle;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the seeding unit of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the seeding unit of the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 1, frame; 101, traction frame; 2, rolling unit; 201, mounting seat; 202, wheel axle; 203, wheel body; 204, pressure plate; 205, guide column; 206, spring; 207, pressure sensor; 3, seeding unit; 301, mounting shaft; 302, side plate; 303, rotating ring; 304, trough; 305, shell; 306, arc plate; 307, seeding trough; 308, guide hopper; 309, storage hopper; 310, drop hopper; 311, telescopic tube ; 312, conical bucket; 313, sealing plate; 4, furrowing unit; 401, furrow opener; 402, movable plate; 403, support; 404, screw; 405, adjusting motor; 406, connecting rod; 5, material shifting unit; 501, driving unit; 502, supporting shaft; 503, electric telescopic rod; 504, shifting block; 6, main pulley; 601, secondary pulley; 602, transmission belt; 7, fixed seat; 701, fixed rod; 702, covering plate; 8, fixed frame; 801, pressure roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] First embodiment

[0043] See also Figure 1-7 The present embodiment provides a peanut shell sowing device, including a frame 1, a rolling unit 2, a seeding unit 3 and a furrowing unit 4. The rolling unit 2 is arranged at the end of the frame 1, the seeding unit 3 is arranged in the middle of the frame 1, the furrowing unit 4 is arranged at the bottom of the seeding unit 3, and a material shifting unit 5 is arranged inside the seeding unit 3. The rolling unit 2 and the seeding unit 3 are connected by a belt transmission mechanism. The rolling unit 2 is used for crushing the soil, the seeding unit 3 is used for discharging seeds into the opened grooves, and the material shifting unit 5 is used for shifting the seeds in the rotating ring 303 to facilitate the seeds to enter the material trough 304.

[0044] The seeding unit 3 solves the problem of material jamming in the seeding unit 3 by cooperating with the furrowing unit 4 and the material shifting unit 5 , and the rolling unit 2 ensures the uniformity of the furrowing depth by cooperating with the furrowing unit 4 .

[0045] The rolling unit 2 includes a mounting base 201 which is arranged at the bottom of the frame body 1. A wheel shaft 202 is rotatably connected to the side surface of the mounting base 201. A wheel body 203 is fixedly sleeved on the wheel shaft 202. Pressing plates 204 are evenly arranged on the circumferential surface of the wheel body 203. Guide posts 205 are arranged on both sides of the mounting base 201. The guide posts 205 penetrate through the top surface of the frame body 1. A pressure sensor 207 is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the mounting base 201. A spring 206 is arranged between the pressure sensor 207 and the bottom surface of the frame body 1.

[0046] Specifically, the wheel body 203 rolls along with the traction of the agricultural machine. The arrangement of the pressing plates 204 breaks the hard soil bodies in the soil and loosens the soil while the wheel body 203 rolls, facilitating subsequent ditch digging. When the ground undulates, under the action of the guide posts 205 and the spring 206, the wheel body 203 also undulates up and down to protect the structure of the frame body 1 and its attached components. The pressure sensor 207 indirectly detects the undulation height of the ground by detecting the magnitude of the pressure of the spring 206 on itself.

[0047] The seed metering unit 3 includes a mounting shaft 301 and side plates 302. The mounting shaft 301 is arranged at the top of the frame body 1 through a shaft seat. The side plates 302 are arranged at the top of the frame body 1. The middle part of the side plates 302 is movably sleeved on the mounting shaft 301. A rotating ring 303 is arranged at the end of the mounting shaft 301. A material groove 304 is formed through the circumferential side surface of the rotating ring 303. A housing 305 is arranged on the side surface of the side plates 302. The housing 305 completely wraps the rotating ring 303. An arc-shaped plate 306 is arranged at the inner bottom of the housing 305. The inner wall of the arc-shaped plate 306 is attached to the bottom of the outer circumferential surface of the rotating ring 303. Both ends of the arc-shaped plate 306 are hermetically connected to the inner wall of the housing 305. An arc-shaped guiding groove is formed between the circumferential surface of the arc-shaped plate 306 and the inner bottom side of the housing 305. A seed metering groove 307 is formed on one side of the bottom of the arc-shaped plate 306.

[0048] A material guiding hopper 308 is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the housing 305. The inner bottom of the material guiding hopper 308 is communicated with the bottom of the side surface of the housing 305 through penetration. A storage hopper 309 is arranged at the top of the material guiding hopper 308. The storage hopper 309 is used for storing seeds. The material guiding hopper 308 is used for introducing the seeds in the storage hopper 309 into the rotating ring 303.

[0049] A blanking hopper 310 is arranged at the bottom of the housing 305. A telescopic pipe 311 is arranged at the bottom of the blanking hopper 310. A conical hopper 312 is arranged at the bottom of the telescopic pipe 311. The conical hopper 312 is used for restricting the seed dropping area to prevent the seeds from scattering everywhere. The telescopic pipe 311 enables the height of the conical hopper 312 to be adjusted along with the height of the furrow opener 401 under the action of the connecting rod 406.

[0050] Specifically, the seeds stored in the storage hopper 309 enter the rotating ring 303 through the material guiding hopper 308. While the wheel body 203 is rolling, it drives the installation shaft 301 to rotate through the belt transmission mechanism. The installation shaft 301 drives the rotating ring 303 to rotate. During the rotation of the rotating ring 303, after the seeds are filled in the material groove 304 and follow the rotating ring 303 to rotate to a position corresponding to the seed discharging groove 307, the seeds enter the arc-shaped guiding groove through the seed discharging groove 307, and slide along the arc-shaped guiding groove to the inner bottom side of the housing 305, and are discharged into the groove through the blanking hopper 310, the telescopic pipe 311 and the conical hopper 312.

[0051] One side of the conical hopper 312 is hinged with a sealing plate 313 through a rotating shaft. The bottom of the conical hopper 312 is provided with an electric flipping mechanism, and the output end of the electric flipping mechanism is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft. When not in use, the electric flipping mechanism is used to drive the sealing plate 313 to flip, so as to seal the bottom outlet of the conical hopper 312 to prevent the seeds from leaking out, and at the same time prevent external sundries and insects from entering.

[0052] The ditching unit 4 includes a ditching tool 401, a movable plate 402 and a screw 404. A connecting rod 406 is arranged between the inner side of the ditching tool 401 and the conical hopper 312. The movable plate 402 is movably sleeved outside the blanking hopper 310. The ditching tool 401 is arranged on the side of the movable plate 402 close to the rolling unit 2. The screw 404 is rotatably connected to the side of the blanking hopper 310 through a support 403. The end of the screw 404 is drivingly connected with an adjusting motor 405, and the adjusting motor 405 is arranged on the side of the blanking hopper 310.

[0053] Specifically, the adjusting motor 405 drives the screw 404 to rotate, so as to realize the up-and-down linear sliding of the movable plate 402, and thus realize the adjustment of the height of the ditching tool 401.

[0054] The material dialing unit 5 includes a driving part 501, which is arranged in the middle of the inner ring of the rotating ring 303. The output end of the driving part 501 is provided with a support shaft 502, and the end of the support shaft 502 is rotatably connected to the housing 305. An electric telescopic rod 503 is arranged on the circumferential surface of the support shaft 502, and a dialing block 504 is arranged at the end of the electric telescopic rod 503.

[0055] Specifically, the driving part 501 is preferably a motor. After the dialing block 504 moves to the bottommost position of the rotating ring 303, the driving part 501 drives the support shaft 502 to rotate reciprocally, so as to realize the reciprocating swing of the electric telescopic rod 503 and the dialing block 504, and reciprocally dial the seeds in the rotating ring 303, which is convenient for the seeds to enter the material groove 304. At the same time, the telescopic movement of the electric telescopic rod 503 is used to drive the dialing block 504 to reciprocally stretch and retract, so as to dial the seeds at different depths, and the swinging position of the dialing block 504 is always located below the seed discharging groove 307.

[0056] The belt transmission mechanism includes a main pulley 6 and a secondary pulley 601. The main pulley 6 is arranged at the end of the wheel shaft 202, and the secondary pulley 601 is arranged at the end of the mounting shaft 301. The main pulley 6 and the secondary pulley 601 are connected by a transmission belt 602. When the wheel body 203 rolls on the ground, it drives the main pulley 6 to rotate. The main pulley 6 drives the secondary pulley 601 to rotate through the transmission belt 602. The secondary pulley 601 drives the mounting shaft 301 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of the rotating ring 303.

[0057] A fixed seat 7 is provided on one side of the frame 1 away from the rolling unit 2, and covering plates 702 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the fixed seat 7 through fixing rods 701. The covering plates 702 are used for covering the soil after the furrow opener 401 completes furrowing and the seeds fall into the furrow. The covering plates 702 on both sides are arranged in a triangular shape to guide the soil into the furrow.

[0058] The bottom of one end of the frame 1 away from the rolling unit 2 is rotatably connected to a pressure roller 801 through a fixed frame 8. The pressure roller 801 is used for rolling the soil after covering to ensure that the ground is flat.

[0059] When in use, the traction frame 101 is first hung on the rear of the agricultural machine, the adjustment motor 405 is started, and the height of the furrow opener 401 is adjusted by rotating the screw rod 404 to drive the movable plate 402 to slide, so as to adjust to a suitable furrowing depth.

[0060] Secondly, seeds are added into the storage hopper 309, and the agricultural machinery is used to provide power for traction. Under the traction and feeding of the agricultural machinery, the wheel body 203 rotates, and the pressure plate 204 breaks the hard soil in the soil. The bottom tip of the furrow opener 401 is inserted into the soil to open the furrow. While the wheel body 203 rotates, the mounting shaft 301 is driven to rotate through the belt transmission mechanism to realize the rotation of the rotating ring 303. At the same time, the driving part 501 drives the support shaft 502 to rotate forward and reversely, so that the shifting block 504 reciprocates on the bottom side of the rotating ring 303, and the electric telescopic rod 503 is used to drive the shifting block 504 to reciprocate, so as to realize the reciprocating shifting of the seeds at the bottom of the rotating ring 303, so that the seeds enter the trough 3 04, and with the rolling of the wheel body 203, the seeds in the trough 304 reach the position corresponding to the seeding groove 307 as the rotating ring 303 rotates. Since the trough 304 is transparent, the seeds in the trough 304 can fall into the seeding groove 307, and enter the hopper 310 along the curved surface of the inner bottom side of the shell 305, and then are discharged through the telescopic tube 311 and the conical bucket 312. Since the furrow opener 401 is located at the front side of the hopper 310, the discharged seeds just fall into the opened furrow. Secondly, the covering plate 702 located at the rear side of the hopper 310 pushes the soil on both sides of the furrow into the furrow to cover the seeds. Finally, the pressure roller 801 located at the rear side of the covering plate 702 rolls the soil in the furrow.

[0061] Since the ground of cultivated land is not flat and has ups and downs, the depth of the trenching will fluctuate greatly, resulting in uneven trenching depth. Too deep or too shallow trenching will affect the germination rate of seeds. Therefore, in order to ensure the uniformity of trenching depth, when using:

[0062] When the ground of the cultivated land is undulating, the wheel body 203 will move upward, the spring 206 will be compressed, and the force on the pressure sensor 207 will increase. When the pressure sensor 207 detects that the pressure value it is subjected to is greater than or less than the set pressure threshold, it will actively determine whether the ground is convex or concave. When the ground is convex, the adjusting motor 405 is started, and the movable plate 402 is driven to move upward by the rotation of the screw 404, so that the furrow opener 401 moves upward, reducing the furrowing depth to prevent the furrowing from being too deep. When the ground is concave, the screw 404 is driven by the adjusting motor 405 to drive the movable plate 402 to move downward, increasing the furrowing depth to prevent the furrowing from being too shallow. Therefore, when the ground is undulating, the preset furrowing depth is still guaranteed to prevent affecting the germination and growth of seeds.

[0063] It should be noted that the trenching depth is accurately controlled by the size of the pressure value applied to the pressure sensor 207 itself, that is, when the pressure applied to the pressure sensor 207 itself is greater than the set pressure threshold, the greater the pressure applied to the pressure sensor 207 itself from the spring 206, the higher the ground bulge, and the higher the height of the trench opener 401 is adjusted accordingly; when the pressure applied to the pressure sensor 207 itself is less than the set threshold, the smaller the pressure value applied to the pressure sensor 207 itself, the lower the height of the trench opener 401 is adjusted accordingly.

[0064] In addition, the wheel body 203 is located at the front side of the furrow opener 401. After detecting the ups and downs of the ground, the furrow opener 401 just completes the height adjustment after reaching the ups and downs of the ground, and the time that the furrow opener 401 needs to maintain the height after adjustment is determined by the duration that the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 207 is greater than or less than the set threshold.

[0065] Second embodiment

[0066] When the seeds in the trough 304 rotate with the rotating ring 303 to correspond to the position of the seed discharging slot 307, due to the different sizes of seeds and the rough surface of the seeds, the seeds are easily stuck in the trough 304 and cannot be separated from the rotating ring 303, and then the seeds will be missed. In order to solve the above problem:

[0067] A photoelectric sensor is provided in the trough 304, and the photoelectric sensor is used to detect whether there are seeds entering and being discharged from the trough 304, and is preferably a through-beam photoelectric sensor.

[0068] The connecting rod 406 is an electric push rod. The end of the connecting rod 406 is hinged to the conical hopper 312. By setting the connecting rod 406 as an electric push rod, the angle of the conical hopper 312 can be adjusted by telescoping.

[0069] When seeds normally enter the feed trough 304, the optical signal of the photoelectric sensor changes due to being blocked, thereby detecting that seeds enter the feed trough 304. When the seeds are discharged from the feed trough 304, the photoelectric sensor detects that the optical signal returns to normal. Therefore, during the normal continuous sowing process, the change of the optical signal detected by the photoelectric sensor is intermittent and regular. When jamming occurs in the feed trough 304, the seeds cannot fall, which will break the intermittent change rule of the optical signal. Therefore, when the optical signal detected by the photoelectric sensor is blocked and does not change after exceeding the normal interval time, it is determined that jamming has occurred in the feed trough 304.

[0070] During use, when the photoelectric sensor detects that seeds enter the feed trough 304 and no change in the optical signal is detected after exceeding the preset time, it is determined that the seeds are jammed in the feed trough 304. At this time, the feed trough 304 where jamming occurs still corresponds to the seed discharging trough 307. The agricultural machine is stopped from advancing. The adjusting motor 405 is used to rotate the screw rod 404 forward and backward, realizing the reciprocating up and down movement of the furrow opener 401. Then, the conical hopper 312 is driven by the connecting rod 406 to move up and down, and the telescopic pipe 311 reciprocates telescopically. When the telescopic pipe 311 extends downward, the electric flipping mechanism is started to drive the sealing plate 313 to flip, sealing the bottom end of the conical hopper 312. Then, during the extension process of the telescopic pipe 311, negative pressure is generated in the arc-shaped guide groove, generating suction force on the seeds in the feed trough 304. When the telescopic pipe 311 contracts, the electric flipping mechanism is used to drive the sealing plate 313 to open, opening the bottom end of the conical hopper 312. Therefore, the reciprocating telescoping of the telescopic pipe 311 makes the arc-shaped guide groove intermittently generate an attractive force on the seeds in the feed trough 304. At the same time, the driving part 501 is used to drive the support shaft 502 to rotate, making the dial block 504 rotate to a position corresponding to the seed discharging trough 307. At this time, the dial block 504 corresponds to the feed trough 304. The electric telescopic rod 503 is extended to make the dial block 504 abut against the inner wall of the rotating ring 303. Then, the electric telescopic rod 503 reciprocates telescopically, making the dial block 504 repeatedly hammer the inner wall of the rotating ring 303, making the seeds in the feed trough 304 vibrate to facilitate detachment. Thus, the air pressure fluctuation in the arc-shaped guide groove and the vibration generated by the hammering of the dial block 504 make the seeds in the feed trough 304 loosen and detach from the feed trough 304. When the photoelectric sensor detects a change in the optical signal, it indicates that the seeds in the feed trough 304 have been successfully unjammed, and the intermittent attractive force on the position of the feed trough 304 by the telescoping of the telescopic pipe 311 ensures that the seeds still enter the arc-shaped guide groove smoothly for discharge after unjamming.

[0071] However, before jamming of seeds in the seed hopper 304 is detected, the wheel body 203 is always in a traveling state. Therefore, after the jammed seeds in the seed hopper 304 are discharged from the tapered hopper 312, there is a deviation between the position of the groove corresponding to the tapered hopper 312 and the preset seed dropping position at this time, which will result in uneven seeding density and affect the growth of seedlings. Therefore, after the photoelectric sensor detects that the seeds in the seed hopper 304 are unjammed, by extending the connecting rod 406, the tapered hopper 312 is moved toward the side of the soil covering plate 702. At this time, the telescopic pipe 311 is bent toward the side of the soil covering plate 702, so that the seeds still fall at the original predetermined position after being unjammed, ensuring the uniformity of seeding density. After the seeds are discharged, the connecting rod 406 is contracted to drive the tapered hopper 312 to reset, and the agricultural machine is started to continue the subsequent seeding. The extension distance of the connecting rod 406 is determined by the "preset time" in the above "the photoelectric sensor does not detect a change in the optical signal for more than the preset time", because this "preset time" determines the deviation distance between the unjammed seeds and the predetermined seed dropping position, and the deviation distance determines the extension distance of the connecting rod 406.

[0072] Third Embodiment

[0073] This embodiment provides a seeding process for a peanut shell-sowing device, and the steps are as follows:

[0074] S1. Seed preparation: Sun-dry the shelled peanuts for two days, and select peanut pods that are uniform and disease-free;

[0075] The drying process can remove germs and pests, increase seed vigor. In addition, it can reduce the moisture content of the fruit shell and increase its water absorption capacity;

[0076] S2. Preparation and soaking of the soaking agent: Add potassium permanganate and ABT rooting powder to clean water, stir well to prepare the soaking agent. Take a container of appropriate size, fill it with 1 / 2 volume of the soaking agent and stir well, completely immerse the selected peanuts in the solution, soak them at room temperature for 12 hours, and stir them twice in the middle;

[0077] The soaking agent is prepared as follows: Add potassium permanganate and ABT rooting powder to clean water and stir well. Add 10–50 mg of potassium permanganate and 10-15 mg of ABT rooting powder to each liter of clean water;

[0078] Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant that can effectively kill germs, reduce the germs on the surface of the peanut shell and in the water, and can extend the soaking time of peanuts. ABT rooting powder can promote seed germination, root growth and strong seedlings, improve the survival rate and growth amount;

[0079] S3. Land preparation: Before sowing, it is necessary to deeply plow and turn the land, then rotary till and level the land, and plant in ridges. The ridge width is 60 cm, the ridge height is 20-25 cm, and the ridge spacing is 30 cm;

[0080] S4. Equipment Debugging and Preparation: Check whether each component is normal, ensure that the components of the rolling unit 2, the seed metering unit 3, the furrowing unit 4, and the material feeding unit 5 are firmly connected and can operate normally. Add the soaked shelled peanuts to the storage hopper 309 of the seed metering unit 3. Drive the screw 404 to rotate by adjusting the motor 405 to drive the movable plate 402 and the furrow opener 401 to move up and down to adjust the furrowing depth.

[0081] S5. Sowing: Drive by using agricultural machinery to drive the traction frame 101. The wheel body 203 of the rolling unit 2 rolls on the ground, and the pressing plate 204 breaks and loosens the soil. At the same time, the furrow opener 401 opens a furrow. When the wheel body 203 rolls, it drives the installation shaft 301 to drive the transmission ring 303 to rotate through the belt transmission mechanism. At the same time, the shelled peanuts are filled in the trough 304 and rotate to the position corresponding to the seed metering groove 307 and then enter the arc-shaped guide groove, and fall into the opened furrow through the hopper 310, the telescopic pipe 311, and the conical hopper 312. At the same time, the electric telescopic rod 503 and the dialing block 504 in the material feeding unit 5 swing reciprocally to ensure that the shelled peanut seeds are smoothly filled into the trough 304.

[0082] Two rows are sown per ridge, the sowing row spacing is 25 cm, the plant spacing is 18 cm, the soaked shelled peanuts are placed flat, the sowing depth is 4 - 5 cm, and there are about 8,500 - 9,000 holes per mu.

[0083] S6. Soil Covering: After sowing, immediately the soil covering plate 702 covers the soil on both sides of the furrow on the seeds, and the pressure roller 801 compacts the covered soil to ensure that the seeds are in close contact with the soil.

[0084] By adopting the peanut shelled sowing process, compared with the traditional sowing process that requires mechanical shelling, it reduces the cost investment and the mechanical damage of peanut seeds. At the same time, shelled sowing reduces the impact of low temperature or drought on peanut germination, avoids the invasion of seeds by diseases and pests, achieves full emergence in one sowing, and eliminates the problem of supplementary seeding. Shelled sowing does not require seed dressing agents, reduces the use of pesticides, reduces pesticide residues, improves the peanut yield and quality, and protects the environment. In addition, the fruit shells left in the soil can be used as fertilizers and soil matrices after natural fermentation to improve soil nutrition.

[0085] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A peanut seeding device in shell, comprising a frame (1), a rolling unit (2), a seeding unit (3) and a furrowing unit (4), characterized in that: The rolling unit (2) is arranged at the end of the frame (1), the seeding unit (3) is arranged at the middle of the frame (1), the furrowing unit (4) is arranged at the bottom of the seeding unit (3), a material shifting unit (5) is arranged inside the seeding unit (3), the rolling unit (2) and the seeding unit (3) are connected by a belt transmission mechanism, the seeding unit (3) cooperates with the furrowing unit (4) and the material shifting unit (5) to prevent material from being stuck inside the seeding unit (3), and the rolling unit (2) cooperates with the furrowing unit (4) to ensure a uniform furrowing depth; The rolling unit (2) comprises a mounting seat (201), a side surface of the mounting seat (201) being rotatably connected to a wheel axle (202), a wheel body (203) being fixedly sleeved on the wheel axle (202), and pressure plates (204) being evenly arranged on the circumferential surface of the wheel body (203); The seeding unit (3) comprises a mounting shaft (301) and a side plate (302), the middle portion of the side plate (302) being movably sleeved on the mounting shaft (301), a rotating ring (303) being provided at the end of the mounting shaft (301), a material trough (304) being provided through the circumferential side surface of the rotating ring (303), a shell (305) being provided on the side surface of the side plate (302), an arc-shaped plate (306) being provided at the inner bottom of the shell (305), and a seeding groove (307) being provided at one side of the bottom of the arc-shaped plate (306); The furrowing unit (4) comprises a furrow opener (401), a movable plate (402) and a screw rod (404), and a connecting rod (406) is provided between the inner side of the furrow opener (401) and the conical bucket (312).

2. The peanut in-shell sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting seat (201) is arranged at the bottom of the frame (1), guide pillars (205) are arranged on both sides of the mounting seat (201), the guide pillars (205) penetrate the top surface of the frame (1), a pressure sensor (207) is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the mounting seat (201), and a spring (206) is arranged between the top of the pressure sensor (207) and the bottom surface of the frame (1).

3. The peanut in-shell sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material dropping hopper (310) is provided at the bottom of the housing (305), a telescopic tube (311) is provided at the bottom of the material dropping hopper (310), and a conical hopper (312) is provided at the bottom of the telescopic tube (311); The mounting shaft (301) is arranged on the top of the frame (1) through a shaft seat, the side plate (302) is arranged on the top of the frame (1), the shell (305) completely wraps the rotating ring (303), the inner wall of the arc plate (306) is in contact with the bottom of the outer circumferential surface of the rotating ring (303), the two ends of the arc plate (306) are sealed with the inner wall of the shell (305), and an arc guide groove is formed between the circumferential surface of the arc plate (306) and the inner bottom side of the shell (305).

4. The peanut in-shell sowing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A material guide hopper (308) is provided at the bottom of the side of the shell (305); the inner bottom of the material guide hopper (308) is connected to the bottom of the side of the shell (305); and a material storage hopper (309) is provided at the top of the material guide hopper (308).

5. The peanut in-shell sowing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A photoelectric sensor is provided in the material trough (304); a sealing plate (313) is hingedly connected to one side of the conical bucket (312) via a rotating shaft; an electric turning mechanism is provided at the bottom of the conical bucket (312); and an output end of the electric turning mechanism is fixedly connected to an end of the rotating shaft.

6. The peanut in-shell sowing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The movable plate (402) is movably sleeved on the outside of the material dropping hopper (310); the furrow opener (401) is arranged on a side of the movable plate (402) close to the rolling unit (2); the screw rod (404) is rotatably connected to the side of the material dropping hopper (310) via a support (403); the end of the screw rod (404) is transmission-connected to an adjusting motor (405); and the adjusting motor (405) is arranged on the side of the material dropping hopper (310); The connecting rod (406) is an electric push rod, and the end of the connecting rod (406) is hinged to the conical bucket (312).

7. The peanut in-shell sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material shifting unit (5) comprises a driving part (501), the driving part (501) being arranged at the middle part of the inner ring of the rotating ring (303), the output end of the driving part (501) being provided with a support shaft (502), the end of the support shaft (502) being rotatably connected to the housing (305), the circumferential surface of the support shaft (502) being provided with an electric telescopic rod (503), and the end of the electric telescopic rod (503) being provided with a shifting block (504).

8. The peanut in-shell sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The belt transmission mechanism comprises a main pulley (6) and a secondary pulley (601), wherein the main pulley (6) is arranged at the end of the wheel shaft (202), and the secondary pulley (601) is arranged at the end of the mounting shaft (301), and the main pulley (6) and the secondary pulley (601) are connected to each other through a transmission belt (602); A fixing seat (7) is provided on one side of the frame (1) away from the rolling unit (2), and soil covering plates (702) are provided on both sides of the bottom of the fixing seat (7) via fixing rods (701); The bottom of one end of the frame (1) away from the rolling unit (2) is rotatably connected to a pressure roller (801) via a fixed frame (8).

9. A sowing process of the peanut in-shell sowing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1. Seed preparation: Sun-dry the peanuts in shell for two days and select uniform and disease-free peanut pods; S2. Seed soaking agent preparation and seed soaking: Add potassium permanganate and ABT rooting powder to clean water, stir well to prepare the seed soaking agent, take a container of suitable size, fill 1 / 2 volume of the seed soaking agent and stir well, immerse the selected peanuts completely in the solution, soak at room temperature for 12 hours, turning and stirring twice in the middle; S3. Land preparation: Before sowing, the land needs to be plowed deeply, leveled and ridged for planting; S4, equipment debugging and preparation: check whether all parts are normal, ensure that the rolling unit (2), the seeding unit (3), the furrowing unit (4) and the material shifting unit (5) are firmly connected and can operate normally, add soaked peanuts in shells into the storage hopper (309) of the seeding unit (3), and adjust the furrowing depth by adjusting the motor (405) to drive the screw (404) to rotate and drive the movable plate (402) and the furrow opener (401) to move up and down; S5, sowing: the agricultural machine drives the traction frame (101) to drive, the wheel body (203) of the rolling unit (2) rolls on the ground, the pressure plate (204) breaks and loosens the soil, and the furrow opener (401) opens the furrow. When the wheel body (203) rolls, the mounting shaft (301) is driven by the belt transmission mechanism to drive the transmission ring (303) to rotate. At the same time, the peanuts in shells are filled into the trough (304) and rotate to a position corresponding to the seed discharging trough (307). Then, they enter the arc-shaped guide groove and fall into the opened furrow through the drop hopper (310), the telescopic tube (311) and the conical bucket (312). At the same time, the electric telescopic rod (503) and the shifting block (504) in the material shifting unit (5) swing back and forth to ensure that the peanut seeds in shells are smoothly filled into the trough (304); S6, soil covering: After sowing, the soil covering plate (702) covers the seeds with the soil on both sides of the furrow, and the pressing roller (801) compacts the soil.

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