Gas lubrication low-resistance potato harvesting device and resistance reduction method

Abstract

The invention relates to an air lubrication low-resistance potato harvesting device and a resistance reduction method, the air lubrication low-resistance potato harvesting device comprises a rack and a digging shovel installed at the front end of the rack, the soil facing face of the digging shovel is provided with a plurality of grooves arranged in the left-right direction and a plurality of wedge-like channels arranged in the front-back direction, the grooves extend in the front-back direction, and the wedge-like channels extend in the left-right direction; the device further comprises an air flow reversing device, and the air flow reversing device is provided with air nozzles which are located in the grooves and face the two ends of the grooves. During advancing, the digging shovel is inserted into soil to complete soil cutting and digging operation, a high-pressure gas film formed on the soil facing surface of the digging shovel pushes the soil away from the soil facing surface of the digging shovel, the contact area between the soil and the soil facing surface of the digging shovel is reduced, friction resistance is reduced, and the abrasion of the digging shovel is reduced; by means of the potato harvester, low-resistance harvesting of potatoes can be achieved, energy consumption is reduced, abrasion of the digging shovel is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to the field of potato harvesting machinery, and specifically refers to an air-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device and a drag reduction method. Background Art

[0002] Potato is one of the four major staple crops in the world, and stable and high yield of potato is of vital importance to ensuring food security.

[0003] The current potato harvesting device uses a digging shovel to dig potatoes out of the soil, and the excavated potatoes are transported and collected by a lifting device. The digging shovel is the soil-contacting part of the potato harvesting device. The existing digging shovel is installed side by side at the front end of the potato harvesting device, with an angle between 25 and 35 degrees to the ground. It can not only be smoothly inserted into the soil, but also effectively bring the potatoes out of the soil surface. In order to ensure that the digging shovel does not damage the potatoes when digging them, the digging depth of the digging shovel is usually slightly deeper than the potato planting depth, usually greater than 30 The large digging depth of the digging shovel and the huge digging resistance of the soil greatly increase the energy consumption of potato harvesting, aggravate the wear of the digging shovel, increase the cost of potato production, and cause low efficiency of the potato industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an air-lubricated low-resistance potato harvester and a drag reduction method, which can reduce the resistance in the potato harvesting process, reduce the energy consumption of the harvesting operation, slow down the wear of the digging shovel, and reduce the harvesting cost without changing the structure of the existing potato harvester.

[0005] The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme, providing an air-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device, comprising a frame and a digging shovel installed at the front end of the frame, the front of the digging shovel is provided with a plurality of grooves arranged left and right and a plurality of wedge-shaped channels arranged front and back, the grooves extend front and back, and the wedge-shaped channels extend left and right; It also includes an airflow reversing device, on which airflow reversing device there are air jets located in the groove and facing two ends of the groove; Also included is a high-pressure gas supply system for providing high-pressure gas to the jet port.

[0006] The high-pressure gas in this scheme is ejected in the groove through the jet nozzle; the groove surface is designed with a wedge-shaped groove, and the high-pressure gas produces a wedge effect in the wedge-shaped groove, the gas pressure increases, and the high-pressure gas diffuses to the soil surface facing the excavator shovel to form a layer of high-pressure air film, and the high-pressure air film pushes the soil away from the soil surface facing the excavator shovel, reducing the contact area between the soil and the soil surface facing the excavator shovel, thereby reducing frictional resistance, reducing the wear of the excavator shovel, achieving drag reduction in potato harvesting, and extending the service life of the machine.

[0007] As an optimization, the airflow reversing device includes a porous nozzle fixed on the back of the excavating shovel and a plurality of throttling nozzles respectively fixed in a plurality of grooves, the porous nozzle is provided with an air inlet connected to the high-pressure air supply system, the throttling nozzle is connected to the porous nozzle through a through hole on the excavating shovel, and the throttling nozzle is provided with an air jet toward both ends of the groove. In this solution, the high-pressure gas is transmitted to the plurality of throttling nozzles through the porous nozzle, and the throttling nozzles are arranged in the grooves, thereby reducing the resistance to the soil.

[0008] As an optimization, the throttling nozzle is fitted with the bottom surface of the groove, and the end of the throttling nozzle away from the digging shovel is a plane, thereby increasing the air output while reducing the occupied space.

[0009] As an optimization, the width of the wedge-shaped channel gradually decreases from the middle of the channel to both sides of the channel, thereby forming a wedge effect and increasing the gas pressure.

[0010] As an optimization, the high-pressure gas supply system includes an air compressor, a DC battery pack, a pressure regulating valve, a flow valve and a gas pipeline. The air compressor generates high-pressure gas as a lubricating and drag-reducing medium; the DC battery pack provides a mobile power source for the air compressor to continuously supply power to the air compressor during the movement of the potato harvesting device; the pressure regulating valve controls the pressure of the high-pressure gas in the gas circuit; and the flow valve controls the flow of the high-pressure gas in the gas circuit.

[0011] As an optimization, the front end of the digging shovel is V-shaped and the lower edge of the front end is sharpened, so as to facilitate the insertion of the digging shovel into the soil.

[0012] As an optimization, the spacing between adjacent grooves is 25 , make a cross section perpendicular to the front and rear direction of the excavator shovel. In the cross section, perpendicular to the depth direction of the trench is Axis, groove depth direction is axis, The positive direction of the axis points to the soil surface facing the excavator shovel. The lowest point of the groove cross-section curve is the coordinate origin. The coordinate system is established. The groove cross-section curve is about Axisymmetric, the expression of the groove cross-section curve in the first quadrant of the established coordinate system is: is a composite curve of exponential function and power function, is a circular arc curve, The curve forms the lower half of the groove cross-section curve. The curve forms the upper half of the groove cross-section curve. Curve and Curve at point Tangent.

[0013] use and The curve composite design as the trench cross-section curve can better make the high-pressure gas fill the trench evenly and stably under different types of soil types and different flow pressure conditions.

[0014] As an optimization, the spacing between adjacent wedge-shaped channels is 30 to 40 , the depth of the wedge-shaped channel is 1~2 , in the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil, with the direction from the front end to the rear end of the excavator shovel as Axis, perpendicular to The direction of the axis is Axis, with the highest point of the groove cross-section curve described in claim 7, the projection point on the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil as the origin of the coordinate system, the projection curve expression of each wedge-shaped groove on the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil is: .

[0015] use and The curve is designed as a wedge-shaped channel curve. The high-pressure gas ejected from the throttling nozzle flows in the wedge-shaped groove, which can further enhance the wedge effect under different soil types and different flow pressure conditions. Under different excavation conditions, a more stable and reliable high-pressure air film can be generated on the facing surface of the excavator shovel to isolate the soil from the contact with the facing surface of the excavator shovel, reduce friction resistance, achieve harvest drag reduction, delay the wear of the excavator shovel and increase its service life.

[0016] A potato harvesting drag reduction method, using the above-mentioned air-lubricated low-drag potato harvesting device, comprises the following steps: a. Turn on the air compressor to generate high-pressure gas, adjust the pressure regulating valve to adjust the gas pressure to the expected value, and adjust the flow valve to adjust the gas flow to the expected value after the gas pressure value stabilizes; b. A groove is designed on the front of the excavator shovel. The high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor is ejected in the groove. A wedge-shaped groove is designed on the surface of the groove. The high-pressure gas produces a wedge effect in the wedge-shaped groove, and the gas pressure increases. The high-pressure gas diffuses to the front of the excavator shovel to form a layer of high-pressure gas film; c. The potato harvesting device moves forward, and the digging shovel is inserted into the soil to complete the soil cutting and digging operations to harvest potatoes. During the movement of the potato harvesting device, the high-pressure air film pushes the soil away from the front of the digging shovel, reducing the contact area between the soil and the front of the digging shovel, thereby reducing friction resistance, alleviating the wear of the digging shovel, and achieving drag reduction for potato harvesting.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: an air-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device and a drag reduction method of the present invention, when the harvesting device of the present invention is moving, the digging shovel is inserted into the soil to complete soil cutting and digging operations, and the high-pressure air film formed on the soil surface facing the digging shovel pushes the soil away from the soil surface facing the digging shovel, thereby reducing the contact area between the soil and the soil surface facing the digging shovel, reducing frictional resistance, reducing the wear of the digging shovel, and realizing potato harvesting and digging drag reduction. The present invention can achieve low-resistance potato harvesting, reduce energy consumption, reduce the wear of the digging shovel, and extend the service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view of the digging shovel of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a high pressure gas flow diagram at the throttling nozzle and the porous nozzle of the present invention; Figure 4 is a high-pressure gas flow diagram on the front side of the excavating shovel of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a high-pressure gas flow diagram at the intersection of the front groove and the wedge-shaped channel of the excavating shovel of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the throttling nozzle of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the porous nozzle of the present invention; Figure 8 is a cross-sectional curve diagram of the groove of the digging shovel of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a projection curve diagram of a wedge-shaped channel of an excavating shovel of the present invention; Fig.10 is a gas circuit diagram of the high pressure gas supply system of the present invention; As shown in the figure: 1. Frame, 2. DC battery pack, 3. Air compressor, 4. Pressure regulating valve, 5. Flow valve, 6. Potato harvesting device, 7. Digging shovel, 8. Throttling nozzle, 9. Multi-hole nozzle, 10. Groove, 11. Wedge-shaped channel, 12. Through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, this solution is described below through a specific implementation method.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an air-lubricated low-resistance potato harvester of the present invention comprises a frame 1 and a digging shovel 7 installed at the front end of the frame 1. The frame 1 realizes the arrangement and installation of other components and also comprises an airflow reversing device and a high-pressure air supply system.

[0021] The digging shovel 7 is fixed at the front end of the frame 1, and multiple digging shovels are arranged side by side. The digging shovel 7 is a flat plate structure, tilted front and back, and the front end is lower than the rear end, so that it is easy to insert into the soil. The front of the digging shovel 7 is also called the soil facing surface. Figure 4 As shown, the front end of the digging shovel 7 is V-shaped and the lower edge of the front end is sharpened.

[0022] The high-pressure gas supply system includes an air compressor, a DC battery pack, a pressure regulating valve, a flow valve and a gas pipeline. The air compressor 3 generates high-pressure gas, and the pressure regulating valve 4 and the flow valve 5 are adjusted to adjust the gas pressure and flow to the expected values, so that high-pressure gas with different pressures and flows can be provided. Fig.10 As shown, the air compressor is equipped with an air tank, a cooler and a filter.

[0023] The front of the excavating shovel 7 is provided with a plurality of grooves 10 arranged left and right and a plurality of wedge-shaped channels 11 arranged front and back, wherein the grooves 10 extend front and back, and the wedge-shaped channels 11 extend left and right. Figure 2 As shown, the cross-sections of the groove 10 at each length position are equal, and the width of the wedge-shaped groove 11 gradually decreases from the middle of the groove 10 to the two sides of the groove 10 .

[0024] The airflow reversing device is provided with an air jet located in the groove 10 and facing the two ends of the groove 10; the airflow reversing device includes a porous nozzle 9 fixed to the back of the excavating shovel 7 and a plurality of throttling nozzles 8 respectively fixed to the plurality of grooves 10, and an air inlet connected to the high-pressure air supply system is opened on the porous nozzle 9. In this embodiment, the porous nozzle 9 is a long rectangular cavity structure, and the air inlet is arranged at one end of the porous nozzle 9.

[0025] The throttling nozzle 8 is fitted with the bottom surface of the groove 10, and the end of the throttling nozzle 8 away from the excavating shovel 7 is a plane. The throttling nozzle 8 is provided with jet ports facing both ends of the groove 10. Thus, the flow direction of the high-pressure gas is changed, and the high-pressure gas is ejected along the direction of the groove. The throttling nozzle with a "drainage" function is designed, installed at the groove through hole by interference fit and placed in the groove, which can change the flow direction of the high-pressure gas and fill the groove with the high-pressure gas.

[0026] In this embodiment, the throttle nozzle 8 is connected to the porous nozzle 9 through the through hole 12 on the digging shovel 7. The porous nozzle 9 is provided with a plurality of air outlets corresponding to the throttle nozzle 8, and the air outlets pass through the through hole 12 on the digging shovel 7. The high-pressure gas ejected from the throttle nozzle 8 flows in the groove, and produces a wedge effect when flowing through the wedge-shaped channel. The air pressure gradually increases as the width of the wedge-shaped channel decreases, and diffuses on the soil surface of the digging shovel 7 to form a high-pressure air film, pushing the soil away from the soil surface of the digging shovel 7.

[0027] In the above technical solution, high-pressure gas is used as a lubricating and drag-reducing medium. On the one hand, the air source is wide and the cost is low; on the other hand, the air property is stable and will not affect the soil property. A groove is designed on the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel 7, and high-pressure gas is introduced into the groove to form a layer of high-pressure air film on the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel 7, pushing the soil away from the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel 7, reducing the contact area between the soil and the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel, thereby reducing the digging resistance, reducing energy consumption, slowing down the wear of the shovel surface, and reducing the potato harvesting cost.

[0028] In this embodiment, six grooves 10 are provided, and the spacing between adjacent grooves 10 is 25 , make a cross section perpendicular to the front and rear direction of the excavator shovel. In the cross section, perpendicular to the depth direction of the trench is Axis, groove depth direction is axis, The positive direction of the axis points to the soil surface facing the excavator shovel. The lowest point of the groove cross-section curve is the coordinate origin. The coordinate system is established. The groove cross-section curve is about Axisymmetric, the expression of the groove cross-section curve in the first quadrant of the established coordinate system is: like Figure 8 As shown, is a composite curve of exponential function and power function, is a circular arc curve, The curve forms the lower half of the groove cross-section curve. The curve forms the upper half of the groove cross-section curve. Curve and Curve at point Tangent at. and The curve composite design as the trench cross-section curve can better make the high-pressure gas fill the trench evenly and stably under different types of soil types and different flow pressure conditions.

[0029] In this embodiment, five wedge-shaped channels 11 are provided, and the spacing between adjacent wedge-shaped channels is 30 to 40 mm. , the depth of the wedge-shaped channel is 1~2 , in the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil, with the direction from the front end to the rear end of the excavator shovel as Axis, perpendicular to The direction of the axis is Axis, with the highest point of the groove cross-section curve described in claim 7, the projection point on the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil as the origin of the coordinate system, the projection curve expression of each wedge-shaped groove on the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil is: .

[0030] like Fig. 9 As shown, using and The curve is designed as a wedge-shaped channel curve. The high-pressure gas ejected from the throttling nozzle flows in the wedge-shaped groove, which can further enhance the wedge effect under different soil types and different flow pressure conditions. Under different excavation conditions, a more stable and reliable high-pressure air film can be generated on the facing surface of the excavator shovel to isolate the soil from the contact with the facing surface of the excavator shovel, reduce friction resistance, achieve harvest drag reduction, delay the wear of the excavator shovel and increase its service life.

[0031] A potato harvesting drag reduction method, using the above-mentioned air-lubricated low-drag potato harvesting device, comprises the following steps: a. Turn on the air compressor to generate high-pressure gas, adjust the pressure regulating valve to adjust the gas pressure to the expected value, and adjust the flow valve to adjust the gas flow to the expected value after the gas pressure value stabilizes; b. A groove is designed on the front of the excavator shovel. The high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor is ejected in the groove. A wedge-shaped groove is designed on the surface of the groove. The high-pressure gas produces a wedge effect in the wedge-shaped groove, and the gas pressure increases. The high-pressure gas diffuses to the front of the excavator shovel to form a layer of high-pressure gas film; c. The potato harvester moves forward and the digging shovel is inserted into the soil to complete soil cutting and digging operations to harvest potatoes. During the movement of the potato harvester, the high-pressure air film pushes the soil away from the front of the digging shovel, reducing the contact area between the soil and the front of the digging shovel, thereby reducing friction resistance and reducing the wear of the digging shovel, achieving drag reduction during potato harvesting and extending the service life of the machine.

[0032] Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples. Technical features not described in the present invention can be achieved by or by using existing technologies, which will not be described here. The above embodiments and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limitations of the present invention. The present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred implementation methods. Ordinary technicians in this field should understand that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention do not depart from the purpose of the present invention, and should also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device, comprising a frame (1) and a digging shovel (7) mounted at the front end of the frame (1), characterized in that: The front side of the excavating shovel (7) is provided with a plurality of grooves (10) arranged left and right and a plurality of wedge-shaped channels (11) arranged front and back, the grooves (10) extending front and back, and the wedge-shaped channels (11) extending left and right; It also comprises an airflow reversing device, wherein the airflow reversing device is provided with air jets located in the groove (10) and facing two ends of the groove (10); Also included is a high-pressure gas supply system for providing high-pressure gas to the jet port.

2. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airflow reversing device comprises a multi-porous nozzle (9) fixedly connected to the back of the excavating shovel (7) and a plurality of throttling nozzles (8) respectively fixedly connected to a plurality of grooves (10); the multi-porous nozzle (9) is provided with an air inlet connected to the high-pressure air supply system; the throttling nozzle (8) is connected to the multi-porous nozzle (9) via a through hole (12) on the excavating shovel (7); and the throttling nozzle (8) is provided with air jets facing the two ends of the groove (10).

3. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The throttling nozzle (8) is in contact with the bottom surface of the groove (10), and the end of the throttling nozzle (8) away from the digging shovel (7) is a flat surface.

4. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the wedge-shaped groove (11) gradually decreases from the middle of the groove (10) toward both sides of the groove (10).

5. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure gas supply system includes an air compressor, a DC battery pack, a pressure regulating valve, a flow valve and a gas pipeline.

6. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the digging shovel (7) is V-shaped and the lower edge of the front end is sharpened.

7. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent grooves (10) is 25 , make a cross section perpendicular to the front and rear direction of the excavator shovel. In the cross section, perpendicular to the depth direction of the trench is Axis, groove depth direction is axis, The positive direction of the axis points to the soil surface facing the excavator shovel. The lowest point of the groove cross-section curve is the coordinate origin. The coordinate system is established. The groove cross-section curve is about Axisymmetric, the expression of the groove cross-section curve in the first quadrant of the established coordinate system is: is a composite curve of exponential function and power function, is a circular arc curve, The curve forms the lower half of the groove cross-section curve. The curve forms the upper half of the groove cross-section curve. Curve and Curve at point Tangent.

8. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent wedge-shaped channels is 30~40 , the depth of the wedge-shaped channel is 1~2 , in the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil, with the direction from the front end to the rear end of the excavator shovel as Axis, perpendicular to The direction of the axis is Axis, with the highest point of the groove cross-section curve described in claim 7, the projection point on the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil as the origin of the coordinate system, the projection curve expression of each wedge-shaped groove on the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil is: 。 9. A potato harvesting drag reduction method, using the air-lubricated low-drag potato harvesting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: a. Turn on the air compressor to generate high-pressure gas, adjust the pressure regulating valve to adjust the gas pressure to the expected value, and adjust the flow valve to adjust the gas flow to the expected value after the gas pressure value stabilizes; b. A groove is designed on the front of the excavator shovel. The high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor is ejected in the groove. A wedge-shaped groove is designed on the surface of the groove. The high-pressure gas produces a wedge effect in the wedge-shaped groove, and the gas pressure increases. The high-pressure gas diffuses to the front of the excavator shovel to form a layer of high-pressure gas film; c. The potato harvesting device moves forward, and the digging shovel is inserted into the soil to complete the soil cutting and digging operations to harvest potatoes. During the movement of the potato harvesting device, the high-pressure air film pushes the soil away from the front of the digging shovel, reducing the contact area between the soil and the front of the digging shovel, thereby reducing friction resistance, alleviating the wear of the digging shovel, and achieving drag reduction for potato harvesting.

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