Wheat ecological planting method based on water control technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a saline-alkali-free land with a deep soil layer, high soil fertility, convenience in irrigation and drainage, flatness and uniformity, the ridge height is 60 cm, a ditch is dug in a field bed every three meters, the depth of the ditch is 30-35 cm, and the width of the ditch is 45-55 cm; 2, soil preparation; 3, irrigation is conducted on the wheat field, the water depth is 40 cm, and the water soaking time of the wheat field is at least one month; step 4, seed treatment; 5, after water is drained from the wheat field, sowing is conducted when the soil moisture content is appropriate; step 6, field management. According to the wheat ecological planting method based on the water control technology, the good weed control effect on weeds in soil can be achieved, the influence of insect pests is reduced, the economic cost is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the use amount of chemical herbicides is eradicated, and the wheat ecological planting method is safer to the ecological environment and is an economical and feasible comprehensive ecological planting method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to an ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is the second largest grain crop in my country and plays an important role in ensuring national food security. We must rely on science and technology to significantly increase the yield and quality per unit area to meet the needs of population growth and social development. Wheat is a major grain crop widely grown in the world.

[0003] In the farmland ecosystem, the weed problem has always been an important part of field management. With the development and use of the double-edged sword of chemical herbicides, the harm of weeds has been effectively controlled. Chemical herbicides have recovered about 10% of the loss of grain production. However, the long-term use of pesticides can easily damage the farmland ecosystem, pests are prone to develop drug resistance, and easily cause environmental pollution, affecting food safety and causing harm to human health, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of my country's agriculture. Therefore, an ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology, which has the advantage of not using chemical products and solves the problems that long-term use of pesticides can easily cause damage to the farmland ecosystem, pests can easily develop drug resistance, and easily cause environmental pollution, affecting food safety and causing harm to human health.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a method for ecological planting of wheat based on water control technology, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Select land with deep soil, high soil fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, flat and uniform, and no salinization. The height of the ridge is 60cm, and a ditch is dug every three meters of the field bed. The ditch is 30-35cm deep and 45-55cm wide.

[0009] Step 2: land preparation, break up large pieces of soil, deep plow or deep loosen, break up the plow bottom layer, improve the aeration and water retention of the soil, level the soil, ensure that the soil surface is flat and the soil pieces are finely broken, and apply 1000kg of farmyard manure per mu of land;

[0010] Step 3: irrigate the wheat field to a depth of 40 cm. The wheat field should be soaked in water for at least one month.

[0011] Step 4: Seed treatment, seed screening, removal of impurities and weak seeds, seed dressing or pesticides, seed treatment, prevention of pests and diseases, and then germination;

[0012] Step 5: After the wheat field is watered, sow seeds when the soil moisture is suitable. Use a seeder to sow seeds, control the sowing depth and sowing amount, and ensure that the seeds are evenly distributed;

[0013] Step 6: Field management: Check and supplement seedlings in time after emergence to ensure that all seedlings are grown. Arrange irrigation reasonably according to climatic conditions and soil moisture conditions, especially during the critical growth period of wheat.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] This ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology can have a good weed control effect on weeds in the soil and reduce the impact of insect pests, effectively reducing economic costs. At the same time, it eliminates the use of chemical herbicides and is safer for the ecological environment. It is an economically feasible comprehensive ecological planting method.

[0016] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0017] Furthermore, before applying the farmyard manure in step 2, it needs to be properly processed, such as composting and fermentation, to ensure that it meets the harmlessness standard, kills possible pathogens, insect eggs and other harmful substances, and avoids contamination of crops and soil.

[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that the fertilizer effect of farmyard manure is long-lasting and stable, which helps to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and improve the soil's water retention, heat preservation, air permeability and fertilizer retention capabilities.

[0019] Furthermore, the land preparation in step 2 also includes returning the straw to the fields that were previously planted with crops such as corn, chopping the straw and turning it deep into the soil to increase the organic matter content of the soil.

[0020] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is to ensure the nutrients required for wheat growth.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 5, the wheat sowing depth is 3-6 cm, the sowing row spacing is 15-25 cm, and 6-9 kg is sown per mu.

[0022] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that the sowing density should be appropriate to avoid being too dense or too sparse.

[0023] Furthermore, in the step 5, when wheat is sown, the suitable soil moisture condition of the tillage layer is 70%-75% of the relative soil moisture content. Sowing under suitable soil moisture conditions can ensure that all seedlings are grown at one time, and the seed roots and secondary roots grow out in time and penetrate into the deep soil, thereby improving drought resistance. When the soil moisture is insufficient, soil moisture should be created in advance, and when the water content is too high, attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging reduction.

[0024] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that irrigation is carried out in a timely manner according to soil moisture and climatic conditions to ensure the moisture required for wheat growth.

[0025] Furthermore, the field management in step six also includes covering the soil with crop residues or mulch during the peak period of wheat from jointing stage to heading stage to reduce water evaporation, maintain soil moisture, and maintain soil moisture at 70% to 80%.

[0026] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that it is beneficial to the development and growth of the wheat root system.

[0027] Furthermore, when the weed seeds are blown by the wind or blown by a hair dryer and concentrated on the edge or corner of the field during the field soaking in step 3, the weed seeds floating on the water surface are fished out.

[0028] A beneficial effect of adopting the above further embodiment is that weed seeds are depleted by interception.

[0029] Furthermore, during the soaking irrigation in step three, filter nets are arranged at the water inlet and outlet of the field to intercept and filter the water flow and remove weed seeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a graph showing wheat yield under different treatment conditions in the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Implementation plan: The implementation is divided into two treatments, namely, implementation plan 1, controlling water in the field and not applying chemical fertilizers; implementation plan 2, applying chemical fertilizers normally; and obtaining the yield results.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] A method for ecologically planting wheat based on water control technology, the invention comprises the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Select land with deep soil, high soil fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, flat and uniform, and no salinization. The height of the ridge is 60cm, and a ditch is dug every three meters of the field bed. The ditch is 30-35cm deep and 45-55cm wide.

[0036] Step 2: land preparation, break up large pieces of soil, deep plow or deep loosen, break up the plow bottom layer, improve the aeration and water retention of the soil, level the soil, ensure that the soil surface is flat and the soil pieces are finely broken, and apply 1000kg of farmyard manure per mu of land;

[0037] Land preparation in step two also includes returning straw to fields that were previously planted with crops such as corn, chopping the straw and turning it deep into the soil to increase the organic matter content in the soil and ensure the nutrients needed for wheat growth.

[0038] Before applying the farmyard manure in step 2, it needs to undergo appropriate treatment, such as composting and fermentation, to ensure that it meets the harmlessness standards, kills possible pathogens, insect eggs and other harmful substances, and avoids pollution to crops and soil. The fertilizer effect of farmyard manure is long-lasting and stable, which helps to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure, and improves the soil's water retention, heat preservation, air permeability and fertilizer retention capabilities.

[0039] Step 3: irrigate the wheat field with water at a depth of 40 cm. The wheat field should be soaked in water for at least one month. When the weed seeds are blown by the wind or blown by a hair dryer and concentrated at the edge or corner of the field in step 3, the weed seeds floating on the water surface should be fished out. When irrigating the field in step 3, filter nets should be set at the water inlet and outlet of the field to intercept and filter the water flow, remove the weed seeds, and deplete the weed seeds by intercepting the flow.

[0040] Step 4: Seed treatment, seed screening, removal of impurities and weak seeds, seed dressing or pesticides, seed treatment, prevention of pests and diseases, and then germination;

[0041] Step 5: After the wheat field is watered, sow when the soil moisture conditions are appropriate. Use a seeder to sow, control the sowing depth and sowing amount, and ensure that the seeds are evenly distributed. In step 5, the wheat sowing depth is 3-6cm, the sowing row spacing is 15-25cm, and 6-9kg is sown per mu. The sowing density should be appropriate to avoid being too dense or too sparse.

[0042] In step 5, when sowing wheat, the suitable soil moisture condition for the tillage layer is 70%-75% relative soil moisture content. Sowing under suitable soil moisture conditions can ensure that all seedlings are grown at one time, and the seed roots and secondary roots grow out in time and penetrate into the deep soil to improve drought resistance. When soil moisture is insufficient, soil should be prepared in advance. When water content is too high, attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging reduction. Irrigation should be carried out in a timely manner according to soil moisture and climatic conditions to ensure the moisture required for wheat growth.

[0043] Step six: Field management. Check and supplement seedlings in time after emergence to ensure that all seedlings are grown. Arrange irrigation reasonably according to climatic conditions and soil moisture conditions, especially during the critical growth period of wheat. Field management in step six also includes covering the soil with crop residues or mulch during the peak period of wheat from jointing to heading to reduce water evaporation and maintain soil moisture. Maintaining soil moisture at 70% to 80% is beneficial to the development and growth of wheat roots.

[0044] Embodiment 2

[0045] The existing conventional wheat planting method comprises the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Select land with deep soil, high soil fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, flat and uniform, and no salinization. The height of the ridge should be 60cm;

[0047] Step 2: land preparation, break up large pieces of soil, deep plow or deep loosen, break up the bottom layer of the plow, improve the aeration and water retention of the soil, level the soil, ensure that the soil surface is flat and the soil pieces are finely broken, and apply 60kg of fertilizer per mu of land;

[0048] Step 3: irrigate the wheat field with water to a depth of 40 cm for two days;

[0049] Step 4: Seed treatment, seed screening, removal of impurities and weak seeds, seed dressing or pesticides, seed treatment, prevention of pests and diseases, and then germination;

[0050] Step 5: After watering the wheat field, sow seeds when the soil moisture conditions are suitable. Use a seeder to sow, control the sowing depth and sowing amount, and ensure that the seeds are evenly distributed.

[0051] Step six: Field management: Check and supplement seedlings in time after emergence to ensure full seedlings. Arrange irrigation reasonably according to climatic conditions and soil moisture conditions. Apply appropriate fertilizers during the critical growth period of wheat.

[0052] pass Figure 1 The results in the table show that Implementation 1 obtains basically the same yield as Implementation 2, has a good weed control effect on weeds in the soil, and reduces the impact of pests, and can ultimately effectively reduce the occurrence of weeds and pests in the field. The economic cost of Implementation 1 is effectively lower than that of Implementation 2, and at the same time reduces the use of chemical herbicides, which is safer for the ecological environment. It is an economically feasible comprehensive ecological planting method.

[0053] It should be noted that soaking fields with fertilizer can increase soil activity and fertility. Soaking fields can make the soil fully absorb water and become softer, which is convenient for subsequent tillage and planting. Soaking wheat fields in water for more than one month can rot all weed seeds and insect eggs growing in dry fields, further increasing the organic matter in the soil. Soaking fields can inhibit the growth of some weeds, because long-term waterlogging environment is not conducive to the germination and growth of some early-growing weed seeds, and aquatic or wet weeds will not live in dry fields. Soaking fields helps reduce the number of some pests and pathogens, especially those that are not water-resistant or have limited activity under wet conditions. In addition, soaking fields can also help kill some pest eggs and larvae in the soil.

[0054] When water is released, that is, wheat seeds are sown, the wheat seedlings will grow rapidly. When weeds start to grow, the wheat straw has grown tall and covers the field, compressing the growth space of the weeds. When the ecological chain in the field is formed again (various pests appear), the wheat is close to maturity and the pests can no longer cause too much damage to the wheat. The wheat grains are harvested when all turn yellow and the moisture content is below 20%.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0056] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wheat ecological planting method based on water control technology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select land with deep soil, high soil fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, flat and uniform, and no salinization. The height of the ridge is 60cm, and a ditch is dug every three meters of the field bed. The ditch is 30-35cm deep and 45-55cm wide. Step 2: land preparation, break up large pieces of soil, deep plow or deep loosen, break up the plow bottom layer, improve the aeration and water retention of the soil, level the soil, ensure that the soil surface is flat and the soil pieces are finely broken, and apply 1000kg of farmyard manure per mu of land; Step 3: irrigate the wheat field to a depth of 40 cm. The wheat field should be soaked in water for at least one month. Step 4: Seed treatment, seed screening, removal of impurities and weak seeds, seed dressing or pesticides, seed treatment, prevention of pests and diseases, and then germination; Step 5: After the wheat field is watered, sow seeds when the soil moisture is suitable. Use a seeder to sow seeds, control the sowing depth and sowing amount, and ensure that the seeds are evenly distributed; Step 6: Field management: Check and supplement seedlings in time after emergence to ensure that all seedlings are grown. Arrange irrigation reasonably according to climatic conditions and soil moisture conditions, especially during the critical growth period of wheat.

2. The ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before applying the farmyard manure in step 2, it needs to be properly processed, such as composting and fermentation, to ensure that it meets the harmlessness standard, kills possible pathogens, insect eggs and other harmful substances, and avoids contamination of crops and soil.

3. The ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The land preparation in step 2 also includes returning the straw to the field where corn or other crops were previously grown, chopping the straw and turning it deep into the soil to increase the organic matter content of the soil.

4. The ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, the wheat sowing depth is 3-6 cm, the sowing row spacing is 15-25 cm, and 6-9 kg is sown per mu.

5. The ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, when wheat is sown, the suitable soil moisture condition of the tillage layer is 70%-75% of the relative soil moisture content. Sowing under suitable soil moisture conditions can ensure that all seedlings are grown at one time, and the seed roots and secondary roots grow out in time and penetrate into the deep soil, thereby improving drought resistance. When the soil moisture is insufficient, soil should be prepared in advance, and when the water content is too high, attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging reduction.

6. The ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field management in step six also includes covering the soil with crop residues or mulch during the peak period of wheat from jointing stage to heading stage to reduce water evaporation and maintain soil moisture, with the soil moisture maintained at 70% to 80%.

7. The ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the weed seeds are blown by the wind or blown by a hair dryer and concentrated on the edge or corner of the field during the field soaking in step 3, the weed seeds floating on the water surface are fished out.

8. The ecological wheat planting method based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the soaking irrigation in step 3, filter screens are arranged at the water inlet and outlet of the field to intercept and filter the water flow and remove weed seeds.

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