Rice ecological planting method based on water control technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, and discloses a rice ecological planting method based on a water control technology, which comprises the following steps: step 1, designing a field parcel; 2, weeds, stubbles and stones in the field are removed, it is ensured that the field is clean and tidy, and the field is deeply ploughed; 3, fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu; 4, rice seed seedling raising; 5, when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, the seedlings are transplanted into a field; 6, raising the water level about 10 days before the booting stage to submerge the seedlings for one hour to thoroughly remove insects. According to the ecological rice planting method based on the water control technology, weeds and insect pests in the field can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the use amount of chemical herbicides is reduced, the ecological environment is safer, the use amount of chemical fertilizers and herbicides is reduced, the intercropping breeding mode is more beneficial, the effect of increasing the yield of oryzias latipes is achieved, economic benefits are increased, and the ecological rice planting method is worthy of popularization and application. The method is an economical and feasible comprehensive ecological planting method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to an ecological rice planting method based on water control technology. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the main foods for people. With the development of society, more and more fertilizers, pesticides and other functional preparations are used in the rice planting process. Although they can prevent and control pests and diseases and increase yields, the residues of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. affect the final quality and health of rice.

[0003] At present, the common way to cultivate rice is to raise seedlings first and then transplant them. Then, during the cultivation process, fertilization and pesticide spraying are carried out to maintain the good growth and harvest of rice crops. However, long-term fertilization will damage the organic matter in the soil, resulting in a decrease in soil fertility. In addition, since frequent fertilization is required during the planting process, the economic cost of planting is also high. Moreover, some rice planted in the existing technology contains residual components of pesticides, which to a certain extent poses a certain hazard to the health of consumers. Therefore, an ecological rice planting method based on water control technology is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological rice planting method based on water control technology, which solves the problem that long-term fertilization will damage organic matter in the soil, resulting in a decrease in soil fertility and high economic costs of planting. In addition, some rice planted in the prior art contains residual components of pesticides, which to a certain extent poses a certain hazard to the health of consumers.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a rice ecological planting method based on water control technology, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Field design: raise and reinforce the ridges of the rice fields to a height of 80-90 cm, dig a T-shaped breeding ditch with a depth of 120 cm, and set filtering screens at the water inlet and outlet of the rice fields;

[0009] Step 2: Clear the weeds, stubble and stones in the field to ensure that the field is clean and tidy. Deeply plow the land before planting to break the plow bottom layer and increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. The deep plowing depth is generally 20-30cm. Apply quicklime to the rice fields and breeding ditches for disinfection. The application amount is 10-15kg per mu, and then level the field to ensure that the field surface is flat and uniform to avoid waterlogging and drought. The height difference of the field surface should be controlled within 3cm;

[0010] Step 3: Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer to increase the organic matter content of the soil, 1000-1500kg per mu, irrigate the rice fields with water to a depth of 5cm. The water in the rice fields should be able to cover the organic fertilizer, and use a scoop net to remove the weed seeds on the water surface;

[0011] Step 4: Raise rice seedlings, select healthy seeds without hybrids, dry them in a greenhouse with heat preservation and temperature increase measures, soak them at 11-12℃, soak them for 5-7 days, and germinate them;

[0012] Step 5: When the seedlings grow to 10-15cm, they are transplanted into the field. After transplanting, the seedlings turn green and enter the tillering stage in about 10 days. Rice fish are put into the breeding ditch, and then the water level of the rice field is raised to the point where the seedlings emerge, so as to increase the growth rate of rice and distance it from the weeds in height; the rice fish raised in the breeding ditch are allowed to enter the rice field to weed and eat insects, thus promoting water circulation;

[0013] Step six: About 10 days before the heading stage, raise the water level and submerge the seedlings for an hour to completely remove the insects. Then drain the water to keep the water level at 15-20cm. Drain the water again until the rice reaches maturity. The water level in the ditch is 30cm lower than the rice bed. Since there is no drainage and field drying during the rice growing period, the rice will mature about 2 weeks later.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] This ecological rice planting method based on water control technology can effectively reduce the occurrence of weeds and insect pests in the field. At the same time, it reduces the use of chemical herbicides, is safer for the ecological environment, and reduces the use of fertilizers and herbicides, which is more conducive to the integrated breeding method, plays a role in increasing the production of rice and fish, and increases economic benefits. It is an economically feasible comprehensive ecological planting method.

[0016] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0017] Furthermore, step four also includes selecting a seed coating agent produced by a regular manufacturer, and the coated seeds must be protected from frost damage and direct sunlight.

[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is to prevent rice seedling blight, damping-off disease and powdered seeds.

[0019] Furthermore, step 4 also includes salt water seed selection: using salt water with a specific gravity of 1.13 (50 kg of water plus 12-12.5 kg of large salt) to select seeds, remove floating shrunken seeds, and retain the plump seeds that sink to the bottom. The seeds after salt water selection are washed twice with clean water to wash away the salt on the surface of the seeds.

[0020] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is high-quality seed selection.

[0021] Furthermore, the step three also includes chopping the straw of the previous crop and evenly scattering it back into the field to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure.

[0022] Furthermore, the ingredients of the organic fertilizer in step 3 are: 10-20 parts of dry cow dung, 20-30 parts of straw ash, 20-30 parts of crushed straw, 10-20 parts of pig manure, 10-20 parts of rapeseed cake, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 1-10 parts of ammonium humate, 2-8 parts of uric acid, 1-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 2-10 parts of free amino acids, 2-10 parts of complex amino acids, and 2-6 parts of zinc sulfate. All the raw materials are evenly mixed in proportion, and the mixed raw materials are piled in an appropriate place to keep the humidity at 50-60%. The moisture content can be judged by grabbing a handful of the material, seeing watermarks between the fingers but no water dripping, and the pile can be scattered when it is released. Appropriate oxygen supply and turning of the pile are required during the fermentation process. When the temperature rises to 60-70°C, it should be turned over in time, and generally it needs to be turned over 3 times.

[0023] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that generally after the material is piled for 48 hours, the temperature rises to 50-60°C, and can reach above 65°C on the third day, and it needs to be turned over once at this high temperature. Under normal circumstances, high temperatures above 65°C will appear twice during the fermentation process, and the fermentation can be completed by turning over 2-3 times, and the fermentation can be completed within 10 days normally.

[0024] Furthermore, step six also includes promoting grain filling and preventing lodging by alternating dry and wet irrigation in the late stage of rice growth, and irrigating again after the moisture in the field naturally drops to the soil surface and dries, so as to keep the field moist without water accumulation.

[0025] Furthermore, in the breeding method of the rice fish in step 5, healthy and disease-free fry are selected, and the stocking time is generally 7 to 10 days after transplanting the rice seedlings to avoid the fry from causing damage to the rice seedlings, and compound feed or natural bait is used for reasonable feeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a diagram of rice yield under different treatment conditions in the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Implementation plan: The implementation is divided into two treatments, namely, Example 1, controlling water in the field without applying fertilizers; Implementation 2, applying fertilizers normally; and obtaining the yield results

[0029] Embodiment 1, a rice ecological planting method based on water control technology, the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Field design: raise and reinforce the ridges of the rice fields to a height of 80-90 cm, dig a T-shaped breeding ditch with a depth of 120 cm, and set filtering screens at the water inlet and outlet of the rice fields;

[0031] Step 2: Clear the weeds, stubble and stones in the field to ensure that the field is clean and tidy. Deeply plow the land before planting to break the plow bottom layer and increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. The deep plowing depth is generally 20-30cm. Apply quicklime to the rice fields and breeding ditches for disinfection. The application amount is 10-15kg per mu, and then level the field to ensure that the field surface is flat and uniform to avoid waterlogging and drought. The height difference of the field surface should be controlled within 3cm;

[0032] Step 3: Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer to increase the organic matter content of the soil, 1000-1500kg per mu, irrigate the rice fields with water to a depth of 5cm. The water in the rice fields should be able to cover the organic fertilizer, and use a scoop net to remove the weed seeds on the water surface;

[0033] Step 4: Raise rice seedlings, select healthy seeds without hybrids, dry them in a greenhouse with heat preservation and temperature increase measures, soak them at 11-12℃, soak them for 5-7 days, and germinate them;

[0034] Step 5: When the seedlings grow to 10-15cm, they are transplanted into the field. After transplanting, the seedlings turn green and enter the tillering stage in about 10 days. Rice fish are put into the breeding ditch, and then the water level of the rice field is raised to the point where the seedlings emerge, so as to increase the growth rate of rice and distance it from the weeds in height; the rice fish raised in the breeding ditch are allowed to enter the rice field to weed and eat insects, thus promoting water circulation;

[0035] Step six: About 10 days before the heading stage, raise the water level and submerge the seedlings for an hour to completely remove the insects. Then drain the water to keep the water level at 15-20cm. Drain the water again until the rice reaches maturity. The water level in the ditch is 30cm lower than the rice bed. Since there is no drainage and field drying during the rice growing period, the rice will mature about 2 weeks later.

[0036] Step 4 also includes soaking the seeds in a 0.2% to 0.3% boric acid solution, or soaking them in a 0.1% to 0.2% potassium chloride solution, which can effectively prevent the rice from lodging.

[0037] Step four also includes using a grain wind machine or grain vacuum, choosing a windy and sunny day, lifting the seeds to a certain height and letting them fall naturally, letting the wind blow away the incomplete seeds, selecting mature and full seeds, choosing sunny weather, spreading the seeds on tarpaulin or plastic film with a thickness of 5-7 cm, turning them over frequently to prevent the seed coat from being punctured, drying the seeds for 2-3 days, collecting the piles and covering them at night to prevent low temperature and frost.

[0038] Step three also includes chopping the straw from the previous crop and evenly spreading it back into the field to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure.

[0039] The ingredients of the organic fertilizer in step three are: dry cow dung: 10-20 parts, straw ash: 20-30 parts, crushed straw: 20-30 parts, pig manure: 10-20 parts, rapeseed cake: 10-20 parts, soybean meal: 10-20 parts, ammonium humate: 1-10 parts, uric acid: 2-8 parts, ammonium phosphate: 1-20 parts, free amino acids: 2-10 parts, complex amino acids: 2-10 parts, zinc sulfate: 2-6 parts. Mix all the raw materials evenly in proportion, pile the mixed raw materials in an appropriate place, and keep the humidity at 50-60%. You can judge whether the moisture is appropriate by grabbing a handful of the material, seeing watermarks between your fingers but no water dripping, and letting it fall to the ground to disperse. Appropriate oxygen supply and turning the pile are required during the fermentation process. When the temperature rises to 60-70°C, it should be turned over in time, and generally it needs to be turned over 3 times.

[0040] Step six also includes promoting grain filling and preventing lodging through alternating dry and wet irrigation in the later stage of rice growth. After the moisture in the field naturally drops to the soil surface and dries, irrigation is carried out to keep the field moist without water accumulation.

[0041] In step five, when breeding rice fish, choose healthy and disease-free fry. The stocking time is generally 7 to 10 days after transplanting the rice seedlings to avoid the fry from damaging the rice seedlings. Use compound feed or natural bait for reasonable feeding.

[0042] Embodiment 2, conventional rice planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Design the field so that the ridge height is 50cm;

[0044] Step 2: Clear the weeds, stubble and stones in the field, make sure the field is clean, deep plow the land, deep plow the land before planting, and then level it. Apply 4 cubic meters of harmless organic fertilizer per mu;

[0045] Step 3: Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer;

[0046] Step 4: Raise rice seedlings, select healthy seeds without hybrids, and germinate them;

[0047] Step 5: When the seedlings grow to 10-15cm, transplant them into the field;

[0048] Step 6: Keep the rice fields moist, that is, keep water in the furrows but not above the surface of the furrows, then dry the fields and harvest.

[0049] pass Figure 1 The results in the table show that implementation column one obtains a yield that is basically the same as that of implementation column two, and can effectively reduce the occurrence of weeds and insect pests in the field. The economic cost of implementation column one is effectively lower than that of implementation column two. At the same time, the use of chemical herbicides is reduced, which is safer for the ecological environment. In addition, reducing the use of fertilizers and herbicides is more conducive to the integrated breeding method, which plays a role in increasing the yield of rice fish and increases economic benefits. It is an economically feasible comprehensive ecological planting method.

[0050] It should be noted that when the seedlings are growing and closing the rows, the seedlings are 30-40cm tall and the insect eggs are growing and multiplying rapidly, it is beneficial to use the technology of flooding the rice seedlings to eliminate pests and fertilize the leaves of the seedlings. It also stimulates the activity of products, increases the amount of food, and plays a role in increasing production. The combination of planting and breeding builds a small ecological chain in the field, which not only protects the environment, but also protects food safety, while increasing economic benefits.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0052] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rice ecological planting method based on water control technology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Field design: raise and reinforce the ridges of the rice fields to a height of 80-90 cm, dig a T-shaped breeding ditch with a depth of 120 cm, and set filtering screens at the water inlet and outlet of the rice fields; Step 2: Clear the weeds, stubble and stones in the field to ensure that the field is clean and tidy. Deeply plow the land before planting to break the plow bottom layer and increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. The deep plowing depth is generally 20-30cm. Apply quicklime to the rice fields and breeding ditches for disinfection. The application amount is 10-15kg per mu, and then level the field to ensure that the field surface is flat and uniform to avoid waterlogging and drought. The height difference of the field surface should be controlled within 3cm; Step 3: Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer to increase the organic matter content of the soil, 1000-1500kg per mu, irrigate the rice fields with water to a depth of 5cm. The water in the rice fields should be able to cover the organic fertilizer, and use a scoop net to remove the weed seeds on the water surface; Step 4: Raise rice seedlings. Select healthy seeds without hybrids, dry them in a greenhouse equipped with heat preservation and temperature increase measures, soak them at a temperature of 11-12°C for 5-7 days, and germinate them. Step 5: When the seedlings grow to 10-15cm, they are transplanted into the field. After transplanting, the seedlings turn green and enter the tillering stage in about 10 days. Rice fish are put into the breeding ditch, and then the water level of the rice field is raised to the point where the seedlings emerge, so as to increase the growth rate of rice and distance it from the weeds in height; the rice fish raised in the breeding ditch are allowed to enter the rice field to weed and eat insects, thus promoting water circulation; Step six: About 10 days before the heading stage, raise the water level and submerge the seedlings for an hour to completely remove the insects. Then drain the water to keep the water level at 15-20cm. Drain the water again until the rice reaches maturity. The water level in the ditch is 30cm lower than the rice bed. Since there is no drainage and field drying during the rice growing period, the rice will mature about 2 weeks later.

2. The method for ecological rice planting based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 4 also includes soaking the seeds in a 0.2% to 0.3% boric acid solution, or soaking them in a 0.1% to 0.2% potassium chloride solution, which can effectively prevent the rice from lodging.

3. The method for ecological rice planting based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step four also includes using a grain wind machine or a grain suction device, choosing a windy and sunny day, lifting the seeds to a certain height and letting them fall naturally, letting the wind blow away the unfilled seeds, selecting mature and full seeds, choosing sunny weather, spreading the seeds on tarpaulin or plastic film with a thickness of 5-7 cm, turning them frequently to prevent the seed coat from being punctured, drying the seeds for 2-3 days, collecting the piles and covering them at night to prevent low temperature and frost.

4. The method for ecological rice planting based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step three also includes chopping the straw of the previous crop and evenly scattering it back into the field to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure.

5. The method for ecological rice planting based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ingredients of the organic fertilizer in step 3 are: 10-20 parts of dry cow dung, 20-30 parts of straw ash, 20-30 parts of crushed straw, 10-20 parts of pig manure, 10-20 parts of rapeseed cake, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 1-10 parts of ammonium humate, 2-8 parts of uric acid, 1-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 2-10 parts of free amino acids, 2-10 parts of complex amino acids, and 2-6 parts of zinc sulfate. All the raw materials are evenly mixed in proportion, and the mixed raw materials are piled in a suitable place to keep the humidity at 50-60%. The moisture content can be judged by grabbing a handful of the material, seeing water marks between the fingers but no water dripping, and the pile can be scattered when it is released. Appropriate oxygen supply and turning of the pile are required during the fermentation process. When the temperature rises to 60-70°C, it should be turned over in time, and generally it needs to be turned over 3 times.

6. The method of ecological rice planting based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step six also includes promoting grain filling and preventing lodging by alternately wetting and drying during the late growth period of rice, and irrigating the field after the moisture in the field naturally drops to a dry state on the soil surface to keep the field moist without water accumulation.

7. The method of ecological rice planting based on water control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the breeding method of rice fish in step 5, healthy and disease-free fry are selected, and the stocking time is generally 7 to 10 days after transplanting the rice seedlings to avoid the fry from causing damage to the rice seedlings, and compound feed or natural bait is used for reasonable feeding.

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