Puffed floating feed containing plant extract as well as preparation method and application of puffed floating feed

Abstract

The invention provides a puffed floating feed containing a plant extract. The puffed floating feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of chicken meal, 1-5 parts of pork powder, 1-6 parts of shrimp meal, 15-35 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of peanut meal, 15-30 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of a vitamin premix, 1-5 parts of the plant extract and 1-5 parts of chitosan. The plant extract provided by the invention is mainly extracted from natural Chinese herbal medicines, and contains various elements and chemical substances beneficial to liver and gallbladder protection of animals. After the additive is added, the additive has an effective anti-stress effect on prawns in a high-density culture mode so as to cope with damage of severe environments to own liver and intestine functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, in particular to an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the output of shrimp farming has increased rapidly. High-density farming modes such as high-level pond farming, factory farming and small shed farming have increased the amount of feeding and caused frequent liver and intestinal problems.

[0003] Traditional compound feeds are submerged hard-granular feeds that can provide normal nutrition for shrimps, but they do not contain functional ingredients that protect the liver and intestines, and hard-granular feeds cause greater wear on the intestines. When fed in excess, they can increase the digestive pressure of the shrimp, increase the liver and intestine pressure, deteriorate the water quality, cause turbidity in the water, and cause oil film on the water surface. These factors can make shrimps more susceptible to liver and intestinal diseases. However, puffed floating feeds have a longer stability time in water and do not spoil the water. Round-granular puffed feeds cause less wear on the intestines. At the same time, plant extracts have good liver and intestine protection functions. For this reason, the inventors have comprehensively considered various factors and proposed a shrimp compound feed containing plant extracts and a preparation method thereof.

[0004] Patent CN107455557A discloses a method for preparing a special feed for whiteleg shrimp. The obtained feed has comprehensive nutrition and meets the needs of whiteleg shrimp for various nutrients in the middle growth period. It also has good feeding appeal and high feed conversion rate, and can effectively promote the digestion of whiteleg shrimp, enhance the immunity of whiteleg shrimp to diseases, and reduce its mortality rate. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts. The raw materials for preparing the feed include, by weight: 20-35 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of chicken meal, 1-5 parts of pork meal, 1-6 parts of shrimp meal, 15-35 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of peanut meal, 15-30 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of vitamin premix, 1-5 parts of plant extracts and 1-5 parts of chitosan. The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract.

[0006] As an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extract and 3 parts of chitosan.

[0007] As an embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin premix includes one or more of hydroxymethionine, lysine, and trace elements chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, and selenium.

[0008] As an embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract is prepared by one or more of water extraction, alcohol extraction, CO2 supercritical low-temperature extraction, fermentation, and distillation.

[0009] As an embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract is prepared by water extraction, CO2 supercritical low-temperature extraction, fermentation, and distillation.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is conditioned and puffed in an extruder to form an expanded mixture, and extruded and dried to obtain expanded feed particles with a moisture content of 8-12%.

[0011] As an embodiment of the present invention, the tempering temperature is 120°C.

[0012] As an embodiment of the present invention, the drying temperature is 65°C.

[0013] The invention provides an expanded floating feed containing a plant extract, which is applied in the field of aquatic products.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The plant extract provided by the present invention is mainly extracted from natural Chinese herbal medicine plants and contains a variety of elements and chemicals that are beneficial to animal liver and gallbladder protection. After addition, it plays an effective anti-stress role for shrimps in high-density breeding mode to cope with the damage to their liver and intestine functions caused by harsh environments.

[0015] 2. The present invention adds astragalus and eucommia to the compound feed of farmed animals, which has the effects of protecting the liver and intestines after feeding, regulates the health of shrimps, improves the resistance of shrimps, controls the occurrence of bacterial diseases, and promotes the growth and development of shrimps.

[0016] 3. The method for preparing compound feed provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple process flow, cost saving and environmental friendliness. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The invention provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts. The raw materials for preparing the expanded floating feeds include, by weight, 20-35 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of chicken meal, 1-5 parts of pork meal, 1-6 parts of shrimp meal, 15-35 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of peanut meal, 15-30 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of vitamin premix, 1-5 parts of plant extracts and 1-5 parts of chitosan.

[0019] As an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extract and 3 parts of chitosan.

[0020] As an embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin premix includes one or more of hydroxymethionine, lysine, and trace elements chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, and selenium.

[0021] As an embodiment of the present invention, the plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract.

[0022] The preparation method of the astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; then mix the crushed astragalus powder with the culture medium, with a mass fraction of 10%; inoculate Bifidobacterium longum (4% v / v) in the culture medium, culture at 37°C for 36 hours, and the culture medium components are: 5.0g soy peptone, 5.0g tryptone, 10.0g sucrose, 0.5g L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride, 1.0mL Tween 80, 15.0g agar, 1000.0mL distilled water, 0.05g CaCl2, 0.12g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2g K2HPO4, 0.5g NaCl, and 1000.0mL distilled water. Then, the fermentation liquid is concentrated at low temperature and constant temperature to 10% of the original volume to prepare the astragalus extract.

[0023] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0024] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0025] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: select Eucommia ulmoides seeds and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve, use a 2L extraction kettle in a supercritical CO2 extraction device to perform an extraction test, and dry them with anhydrous Na2SO4 for 24 hours after the extraction is completed. Among them, the extraction pressure is 30MPa, the extraction temperature is 40℃, the extraction time is 50min, the separation temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is 20kg / h.

[0026] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0027] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0028] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly from small to large amounts, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is conditioned at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and extruded and dried at 65° C. to obtain extruded feed particles with a moisture content of 8-12%.

[0029] As an embodiment of the present invention, the tempering temperature is 120°C.

[0030] As an embodiment of the present invention, the drying temperature is 65°C.

[0031] The invention provides an expanded floating feed containing a plant extract, which is applied in the field of aquatic products.

[0032] After feed pelleting and puffing, protein molecules become active in a high temperature environment, causing the hydrogen bonds in the internal structure of the molecule to break; vitamin molecules mostly have unsaturated carbon atom structures, double bond structures, and hydroxyl structures, which are very active and extremely unstable. After the feed is treated in a high temperature, high pressure, and humid environment during pelleting and puffing, the internal structure of the vitamin molecules is destroyed, causing the vitamin nutritional components of the feed to be significantly reduced. The present invention uses chitosan and finds that the occurrence of such phenomena can be reduced; at the same time, the inventors found that after using chitosan, the moisture gradient of the feed is also lower; however, since the volume of chitosan increases and the density decreases after puffing, coupled with its easy moisture absorption performance, it is not easy to store the feed for a long time; the present invention uses Eucommia ulmoides extract for protection, which can reduce the occurrence of the above phenomenon, and at the same time, matching astragalus and garlic can reduce the oxidation of unsaturated fatty oils.

[0033] The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation modes.

[0034] Example 1 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extracts, and 3 parts of chitosan.

[0035] The vitamin premix comprises hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

[0036] The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.7:1:1:0.8.

[0037] The preparation method of the astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; then mix the crushed astragalus powder with the culture medium, with a mass fraction of 10%; inoculate Bifidobacterium longum (4% v / v) in the culture medium, culture at 37°C for 36 hours, and the culture medium components are: 5.0g soy peptone, 5.0g tryptone, 10.0g sucrose, 0.5g L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride, 1.0mL Tween 80, 15.0g agar, 1000.0mL distilled water, 0.05g CaCl2, 0.12g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2g K2HPO4, 0.5g NaCl, and 1000.0mL distilled water. Then, the fermentation liquid is concentrated at low temperature and constant temperature to 10% of the original volume to prepare the astragalus extract.

[0038] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0039] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0040] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: select Eucommia ulmoides seeds and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve, use a 2L extraction kettle in a supercritical CO2 extraction device to perform an extraction test, and dry them with anhydrous Na2SO4 for 24 hours after the extraction is completed. Among them, the extraction pressure is 30MPa, the extraction temperature is 40℃, the extraction time is 50min, the separation temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is 20kg / h.

[0041] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0042] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0043] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0044] Example 2 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 9 parts of chicken meal, 4 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 25 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extracts, and 2 parts of chitosan.

[0045] The vitamin premix comprises hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

[0046] The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.7:1:1:0.8.

[0047] The preparation method of the astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; then mix the crushed astragalus powder with the culture medium, with a mass fraction of 10%; inoculate Bifidobacterium longum (4% v / v) in the culture medium, culture at 37°C for 36 hours, and the culture medium components are: 5.0g soy peptone, 5.0g tryptone, 10.0g sucrose, 0.5g L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride, 1.0mL Tween 80, 15.0g agar, 1000.0mL distilled water, 0.05g CaCl2, 0.12g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2g K2HPO4, 0.5g NaCl, and 1000.0mL distilled water. Then, the fermentation liquid is concentrated at low temperature and constant temperature to 10% of the original volume to prepare the astragalus extract.

[0048] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0049] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0050] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: select Eucommia ulmoides seeds and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve, use a 2L extraction kettle in a supercritical CO2 extraction device to perform an extraction test, and dry them with anhydrous Na2SO4 for 24 hours after the extraction is completed. Among them, the extraction pressure is 30MPa, the extraction temperature is 40℃, the extraction time is 50min, the separation temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is 20kg / h.

[0051] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0052] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0053] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0054] Example 3 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 2 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 0.5 parts of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extracts, and 3 parts of chitosan.

[0055] The vitamin premix comprises hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

[0056] The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.7:1:1:0.8.

[0057] The preparation method of the astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; then mix the crushed astragalus powder with the culture medium, with a mass fraction of 10%; inoculate Bifidobacterium longum (4% v / v) in the culture medium, culture at 37°C for 36 hours, and the culture medium components are: 5.0g soy peptone, 5.0g tryptone, 10.0g sucrose, 0.5g L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride, 1.0mL Tween 80, 15.0g agar, 1000.0mL distilled water, 0.05g CaCl2, 0.12g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2g K2HPO4, 0.5g NaCl, and 1000.0mL distilled water. Then, the fermentation liquid is concentrated at low temperature and constant temperature to 10% of the original volume to prepare the astragalus extract.

[0058] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0059] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0060] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: select Eucommia ulmoides seeds and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve, use a 2L extraction kettle in a supercritical CO2 extraction device to perform an extraction test, and dry them with anhydrous Na2SO4 for 24 hours after the extraction is completed. Among them, the extraction pressure is 30MPa, the extraction temperature is 40℃, the extraction time is 50min, the separation temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is 20kg / h.

[0061] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0062] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0063] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0064] Example 4 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, and 2 parts of plant extracts.

[0065] The vitamin premix comprises hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

[0066] The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.7:1:1:0.8.

[0067] The preparation method of the astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; then mix the crushed astragalus powder with the culture medium, with a mass fraction of 10%; inoculate Bifidobacterium longum (4% v / v) in the culture medium, culture at 37°C for 36 hours, and the culture medium components are: 5.0g soy peptone, 5.0g tryptone, 10.0g sucrose, 0.5g L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride, 1.0mL Tween 80, 15.0g agar, 1000.0mL distilled water, 0.05g CaCl2, 0.12g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2g K2HPO4, 0.5g NaCl, and 1000.0mL distilled water. Then, the fermentation liquid is concentrated at low temperature and constant temperature to 10% of the original volume to prepare the astragalus extract.

[0068] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0069] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0070] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: select Eucommia ulmoides seeds and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve, use a 2L extraction kettle in a supercritical CO2 extraction device to perform an extraction test, and dry them with anhydrous Na2SO4 for 24 hours after the extraction is completed. Among them, the extraction pressure is 30MPa, the extraction temperature is 40℃, the extraction time is 50min, the separation temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is 20kg / h.

[0071] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0072] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0073] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, and plant extract are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0074] Example 5 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extracts, and 3 parts of chitosan.

[0075] The vitamin premix comprises hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

[0076] The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.7:1:1:0.8.

[0077] The preparation method of the astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; then mix the crushed astragalus powder with the culture medium, with a mass fraction of 10%; inoculate Bifidobacterium longum (4% v / v) in the culture medium, culture at 37°C for 36 hours, and the culture medium components are: 5.0g soy peptone, 5.0g tryptone, 10.0g sucrose, 0.5g L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride, 1.0mL Tween 80, 15.0g agar, 1000.0mL distilled water, 0.05g CaCl2, 0.12g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2g K2HPO4, 0.5g NaCl, and 1000.0mL distilled water. Then, the fermentation liquid is concentrated at low temperature and constant temperature to 10% of the original volume to prepare the astragalus extract.

[0078] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0079] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0080] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: extracting Eucommia ulmoides leaves with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, drying and evaporation, the Eucommia ulmoides extract can be obtained.

[0081] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0082] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0083] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0084] Example 6 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extracts, and 3 parts of chitosan.

[0085] The vitamin premix comprises hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

[0086] The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.7:1:1:0.8.

[0087] Among them, the preparation method of astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; extract the astragalus with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, and then rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, and dry and evaporate to obtain the astragalus extract.

[0088] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0089] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0090] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: select Eucommia ulmoides seeds and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve, use a 2L extraction kettle in a supercritical CO2 extraction device to perform an extraction test, and dry them with anhydrous Na2SO4 for 24 hours after the extraction is completed. Among them, the extraction pressure is 30MPa, the extraction temperature is 40℃, the extraction time is 50min, the separation temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is 20kg / h.

[0091] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0092] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0093] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0094] Example 7 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extracts, and 5 parts of chitosan.

[0095] The vitamin premix comprises hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

[0096] The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.7:1:1:0.8.

[0097] The preparation method of the astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; then mix the crushed astragalus powder with the culture medium, with a mass fraction of 10%; inoculate Bifidobacterium longum (4% v / v) in the culture medium, culture at 37°C for 36 hours, and the culture medium components are: 5.0g soy peptone, 5.0g tryptone, 10.0g sucrose, 0.5g L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride, 1.0mL Tween 80, 15.0g agar, 1000.0mL distilled water, 0.05g CaCl2, 0.12g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2g K2HPO4, 0.5g NaCl, and 1000.0mL distilled water. Then, the fermentation liquid is concentrated at low temperature and constant temperature to 10% of the original volume to prepare the astragalus extract.

[0098] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0099] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0100] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: select Eucommia ulmoides seeds and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve, use a 2L extraction kettle in a supercritical CO2 extraction device to perform an extraction test, and dry them with anhydrous Na2SO4 for 24 hours after the extraction is completed. Among them, the extraction pressure is 30MPa, the extraction temperature is 40℃, the extraction time is 50min, the separation temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is 20kg / h.

[0101] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0102] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0103] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0104] Example 8 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 2 parts of plant extracts, and 3 parts of chitosan.

[0105] The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.7:1:1:0.8.

[0106] The preparation method of the astragalus extract is as follows: wash and dry the astragalus, grind and crush it through a 100-mesh sieve; then mix the crushed astragalus powder with the culture medium, with a mass fraction of 10%; inoculate Bifidobacterium longum (4% v / v) in the culture medium, culture at 37°C for 36 hours, and the culture medium components are: 5.0g soy peptone, 5.0g tryptone, 10.0g sucrose, 0.5g L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride, 1.0mL Tween 80, 15.0g agar, 1000.0mL distilled water, 0.05g CaCl2, 0.12g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2g K2HPO4, 0.5g NaCl, and 1000.0mL distilled water. Then, the fermentation liquid is concentrated at low temperature and constant temperature to 10% of the original volume to prepare the astragalus extract.

[0107] Bifidobacterium longum, China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CICC 6068.

[0108] The preparation method of garlic extract is as follows: weigh purple garlic, extract the purple garlic with 60% ethanol volume fraction under the conditions of extraction temperature 30°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time 60min, rotary evaporate the ethanol after extraction, dry and evaporate it, and then add 1 / 2 mass of commercially available allicin to obtain garlic extract.

[0109] The extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides extract is as follows: select Eucommia ulmoides seeds and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve, use a 2L extraction kettle in a supercritical CO2 extraction device to perform an extraction test, and dry them with anhydrous Na2SO4 for 24 hours after the extraction is completed. Among them, the extraction pressure is 30MPa, the extraction temperature is 40℃, the extraction time is 50min, the separation temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is 20kg / h.

[0110] The dandelion extract method is as follows: weigh dandelion (whole root, including root), extract purple garlic with distilled water as solvent under the conditions of extraction temperature of 60°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / ml), and extraction time of 60 min. After extraction, dry and evaporate, the dandelion extract can be obtained.

[0111] The extraction method of Pueraria root extract is as follows: 600g of Pueraria root powder is put into an extraction tank, the extraction temperature is 55°C, the CO2 flow rate is 0.8 L / min, the extraction pressure is 35Mpa, the separation pressure is 5Mpa, the separation temperature is 45°C, the extraction time is 2h to obtain Pueraria root extract.

[0112] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0113] Example 9 The present embodiment provides an expanded floating feed containing plant extracts, and the raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, and 3 parts of chitosan.

[0114] The vitamin premix comprises hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

[0115] The second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing the puffed floating feed containing plant extracts, comprising the following steps: fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix and chitosan are mixed evenly in order from small to large, crushed by an ultrafine powder grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then fish oil and water are added to mix to obtain a mixture; the mixture is tempered at 120° C. in an extruder and then puffed to form an extruded mixture, and after extrusion molding and drying at 65° C., puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-10% are obtained.

[0116] Performance Testing Test 1: Testing the moisture unevenness of the feed pellets prepared in Examples 1-9. The test method for moisture unevenness in the present invention is to randomly select 100 pellets of the feed pellets prepared in Examples 1-9, and then measure the moisture content, and then obtain (maximum moisture content - minimum moisture content) / average moisture content to obtain the moisture unevenness in Test 1 of the present invention.

[0117] Table 1 Test results of test 1

[0118] Test 2: The feed pellets prepared in Examples 1-9 were placed in a plastic inner film feed commodity packaging bag and packaged at 5 kg per bag. The storage period was 170 days at a temperature of 37.5 °C and a relative humidity of 75%. The moisture content was determined according to "Determination of Moisture in Feed" (GB / T 6435-2014), and the difference in average moisture variables was calculated according to the method of Test 1, using (average moisture value after storage - average moisture value before storage) / average moisture value before storage * 100%.

[0119] Table 2 Test results of test 2

[0120] Test 3: Testing the nutritional level of the expanded particles obtained in Example 1 Table 3 Nutritional levels of expanded particles obtained in Example 1

[0121] Test 4: Test the effect of expanded pellet feed on the growth performance of white shrimp: 400 per catty of whiteleg shrimp were purchased and temporarily raised for 5 days. 1800 shrimp fry weighing about 4.5g were selected and randomly divided into 9 groups, each with 200 shrimp fry. They were placed in 9 cement pools of 3m×4.5m and 0.8m deep selected from the Donghai Island Yuehai breeding base, and injected with seawater with a salinity of 13‰-15‰. Each cement pool maintained the same conditions, pH7.8-8.5, dissolved oxygen ≥7.5mg / L, and water temperature 24-28℃. During the experiment, the shrimps were fed twice a day (7:30 and 16:30). After one hour, the remaining bait was picked up, dried and weighed to calculate the food intake (ponds 1-9 used the puffed floating feed of Example 1-9). The water was changed by 10% every day. The test period was 45 days. The total weight, hepatopancreas, intestinal status and survival rate of the shrimps in each pool were measured at the beginning and end of the test. The results are shown in the following table: Table 4 Test results of performance test 4

[0122] The results of the experiment showed that the plant extract puffed floating feed used in ponds 1-8 had a higher survival rate in the culture of whiteleg shrimp, with clear hepatopancreas contours, thick and full intestines, and a faster growth rate, indicating that feed with added plant extracts can improve the disease resistance of whiteleg shrimp, reduce damage caused by diseases, and increase growth rate.

[0123] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An expanded floating feed containing a plant extract, characterized in that: The raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 20-35 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of chicken meal, 1-5 parts of pork meal, 1-6 parts of shrimp meal, 15-35 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of peanut meal, 15-30 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of vitamin premix, 1-5 parts of plant extract, and 1-5 parts of chitosan; The plant extracts include astragalus extract, garlic extract, eucommia extract, dandelion extract and kudzu root extract.

2. The puffed floating feed containing plant extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for its preparation include, by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of pork meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of plant extract and 3 parts of chitosan.

3. The puffed floating feed containing plant extract according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vitamin premix comprises one or more of hydroxymethionine, lysine, trace element chelated iron, chelated zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt and selenium.

4. The puffed floating feed containing plant extract according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The plant extract is prepared by one or more of water extraction, alcohol extraction, CO2 supercritical low-temperature extraction, fermentation and distillation.

5. The puffed floating feed containing plant extract according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The plant extract is prepared by water extraction, CO2 supercritical low-temperature extraction, fermentation and distillation.

6. A method for preparing an expanded floating feed containing a plant extract according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: mixing fish meal, chicken meal, pork meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, plant extract and chitosan evenly in increasing order, crushing the mixture with an ultrafine powder grinder and then passing through an 80-mesh sieve, adding fish oil and water to mix the mixture to obtain a mixture; the mixture is conditioned and puffed in an puffing machine to form a puffed mixture, and the puffed feed particles with a moisture content of 8-12% are obtained after extrusion molding and drying.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tempering temperature is 120°C.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drying temperature is 65°C.

9. An expanded floating feed containing plant extracts as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is used in the field of aquatic products.

Images