Processing method and processing device for picked camellia oleifera fruits

Abstract

The invention discloses a post-harvest treatment method and device for camellia oleifera fruits, and belongs to the technical field of primary processing of oil plants, the treatment method comprises the following steps: raw material preparation: harvesting mature camellia oleifera fruits by a harvesting method; impurity removal: removing impurities from the harvested camellia oleifera fruits through a cleaning machine; retting: feeding the camellia oleifera fruits after impurity removal into a retting device, and treating under a set retting condition; shell breaking: performing mechanical shell breaking or airing on the oil tea fruits obtained by retting to break shells; and seed taking: feeding a mixture of the shells and the seeds of the camellia oleifera obtained after shell breaking into a screening machine, and screening out camellia oleifera seeds to finish post-harvest treatment of the camellia oleifera fruits. By combining the physical and chemical quality indexes of the camellia oleifera fruits, scientific retting process conditions are provided, and the randomness of retting operation is avoided. Meanwhile, under the appropriate retting condition, the oil content of the camellia oleifera seeds can be increased, good physical and chemical indexes are kept, the quality of the camellia oleifera seeds is improved, and follow-up storage and processing are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of primary processing of oil plants, and in particular relates to a post-harvest processing method and a processing device for oil-tea fruit. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera, a plant of the genus Camellia in the family Theaceae, is one of the four major woody oil tree species in the world and the largest source of woody oil in my country. Its seed oil content is as high as 40%. Camellia oleifera seed oil is a high-quality edible oil with high nutritional value and is known as the "Oriental olive oil". In recent years, the planting area of ​​camellia oleifera has expanded year by year, and the output of camellia oleifera seeds has also increased rapidly. At present, the planting area of ​​camellia oleifera forests in my country has reached 73 million mu, accounting for more than 80% of the national woody oil planting area, with an annual output of 4 million tons of camellia oleifera seeds and more than 800,000 tons of tea oil, accounting for about 7% of the domestic edible vegetable oil production, becoming the top 6 oil species in the domestic edible vegetable oil production. In October and November every year, camellia oleifera fruits will be harvested in large quantities. The moisture content of the newly harvested camellia oleifera fruit shell is 70% to 80%, and the moisture content of the camellia oleifera seeds is 40% to 50%. In addition, there is a lot of rainy weather in the southern region during the harvest season. In order to prevent the camellia oleifera seeds from mildewing, it is necessary to shell the camellia oleifera fruits and dry the camellia oleifera seeds in the production area in time.

[0003] At present, the post-harvest processing methods of tea oil fruits can be roughly divided into direct air-drying, air-drying after pile fermentation, heating shelling and mechanical shelling. Direct mechanical shelling can replace the natural air-drying method to a certain extent and improve the operation efficiency. However, due to the difficulty in achieving a balance between the shelling rate and the breakage rate and the low investment return, the most widely used methods for a long time are the traditional direct air-drying shelling or pile fermentation after shelling (drying) (CN106900847A). However, the processing conditions are unscientific and highly random, resulting in uneven physical and chemical quality of tea oil seeds (acid value, peroxide value, microorganisms, etc.), which is not conducive to the later storage and processing of tea oil seeds.

[0004] The prior art document (CN116998733A) discloses a mechanized storage shelling production line and method for pile-fermenting and natural air-drying of oil-tea fruit, which mainly includes: a feeding module, a pile-fermenting and air-drying module, and a shelling module, which can realize the whole mechanized shelling operation, but there is a problem of large floor space and lack of a system for controlling the pile-fermenting conditions; the prior art document (CN218185069U) discloses a post-ripening pile-fermenting device for oil-tea fruit, including an insulation tank, an auxiliary material cylinder, a rotating shaft and a stirring rod, a mesh plate and other structures, which has the advantages of uniform stirring of quicklime and good sanitary conditions, but due to the presence of a stirring device, when the tank volume is large, it will not be able to stir, and the humidity conditions of the pile-fermenting cannot be adjusted, which is not conducive to scientifically guiding the pile-fermenting process and improving the processing quality of oil-tea seeds. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient post-harvest processing method for camellia oleifera fruit, which can improve the oil content of camellia oleifera seeds and maintain good physical and chemical indicators, thereby facilitating the subsequent storage and processing of camellia oleifera seeds.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a method for post-harvest processing of oil-tea camellia fruits, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Raw materials: harvested mature camellia oleifera fruits by harvesting method;

[0009] De-ironization: The harvested tea fruit is passed through a cleaning machine to remove the debris;

[0010] Retting: The tea fruit obtained after impurities removal is sent to the retting device and processed under the set retting conditions;

[0011] Shelling: The tea fruit obtained by fermentation is shelled by mechanical shelling or drying;

[0012] Seed extraction: The mixture of camellia oleifera shells and seeds obtained after shelling is sent to a screening machine to screen out the camellia oleifera seeds, thus completing the post-harvest processing of the camellia oleifera fruit.

[0013] Preferably, the harvesting method includes any one of mechanized harvesting or manual harvesting;

[0014] During manual harvesting, a soil barrier layer is laid around the ground under the oil tea tree. The soil barrier layer material is any one of cloth and plastic to reduce the contamination of mold in the soil by the oil tea fruit.

[0015] Preferably, the mass percentage of soil, sand, branches and leaves, and rotten fruit impurities in the oil-tea fruit after impurities removal is less than or equal to 2%.

[0016] Preferably, the fermentation device is a vertical silo or square silo with a built-in ventilation system and a temperature and humidity detection system, and temperature and humidity sensors are evenly arranged from top to bottom.

[0017] Preferably, the set retting conditions are a temperature of 20-25° C., a humidity of 60-90%, and a retting time of 2-8 days.

[0018] Preferably, the shelling is carried out mechanically, and a squeezing-rubbing shelling device is selected; the shelling is carried out by airing for 4-20 days.

[0019] Preferably, the shell content of the seeds after seed removal is no more than 5%, and the seed content of the shell is no more than 3%.

[0020] Preferably, the mechanical shelling method needs to add a drying step, and the obtained camellia seeds are sent to a dryer for drying.

[0021] Preferably, the moisture content of the dried camellia seeds is 8-14%.

[0022] The second aspect of the present invention discloses a post-harvest processing device for tea fruit, which implements the post-harvest processing method for tea fruit, including a cleaning machine, a fermentation device, a shelling machine, a screening machine and a drying machine;

[0023] The cleaning machine is connected to the fermentation device through a screw conveyor, the fermentation device is connected to the shelling machine through a screw conveyor, the shelling machine is connected to the screening machine through a screw conveyor, and the screening machine is connected to the dryer through an elevator;

[0024] The retting device comprises a conveying system, a retting chamber, a ventilation system, a supporting system and a control system.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0026] (1) The present invention combines physical and chemical quality indicators to propose scientific retting process conditions, avoiding the randomness of the retting operation. At the same time, under appropriate retting conditions, the oil content of camellia seeds can be increased, and good physical and chemical indicators can be maintained, which is beneficial to subsequent storage and processing;

[0027] (2) The present invention combines the growth law of microorganisms, proposes the idea of ​​avoiding tea fruits from touching the ground as much as possible during harvesting, and provides solutions to ensure the safety of microorganisms during the fermentation process and subsequent processing;

[0028] (3) The present invention provides a prediction model for the change of tea seed quality with the number of days of retting, which is conducive to the prediction and regulation of the retting process;

[0029] (4) The present invention adopts an efficient fermentation device with a high degree of mechanization for the input and output of materials and simple operation. It can ensure that the tea fruit is fermented under certain temperature and humidity conditions to promote the cracking of the tea fruit, and select appropriate shelling and screening technologies to improve the shelling rate and screening rate of the tea fruit. At the same time, it improves the quality of the tea seeds while inhibiting the massive reproduction of microorganisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of the post-harvest processing method of oil-tea camellia fruit in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a post-harvest fermentation device for oil-tea camellia fruits in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a top view of the interior of the post-harvest fermentation device for oil-tea camellia fruits of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the hood of the retting device of the invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a ventilation cage of a fermentation device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement and connection of the main devices for post-harvest processing of oil-tea fruit of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1, vertical screw conveyor, 2, silo top inlet, 3, silo top, 4, wind hood, 5, silo wall, 6, support rod, 7, central air chamber, 8, wind chamber flap, 9, air outlet cage assembly, 10, inner air inlet pipe, 11, annular air chamber, 12, outer air inlet pipe, 13, belt conveyor, 14, fan, 15, annular air chamber bracket, 16, silo bottom, 17, silo bracket, 18, pipe mesh cover, 19, temperature and humidity sensor, 20, motor mesh cover, 21, flap motor; 41, wind hood top, 42, support plate, 43, wind hood column; 91, ventilation cage, 911, screw hole, 912, folded edge, 913, air hole; 22, cleaning machine, 23, fermentation device, 24, shelling machine, 25, screening machine, 26, dryer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described in this application are only embodiments of a part of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the spirit of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0040] The detection methods of oil content, acid value, peroxide value and mold of camellia seeds in the following examples are as follows:

[0041] The determination of oil content refers to GB / T 14488.1-2008 "Determination of Oil Content of Vegetable Oils";

[0042] The detection method of acid value refers to GB5009.229-2016 "National Food Safety Standard Determination of Acid Value in Food";

[0043] The detection method of peroxide value refers to GB5009.227-2023 "National Food Safety Standard Determination of Peroxide Value in Food";

[0044] The detection of mold colonies shall refer to GB4789.15-2016 "National Food Safety Standard Food Microbiology Examination Mold and Yeast Count".

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for post-harvest processing of tea fruit, comprising the following steps:

[0046] (1) Raw materials: timely harvest of mature tea oil fruits, either mechanically or manually. When manually harvesting, a soil barrier should be laid around the tea oil trees to minimize the number of tea fruits that fall to the ground.

[0047] The ripe tea fruit in step (1) is judged by the following signs: 1) harvest time: about 3 days before or after the frost or cold dew; 2) appearance: the fruit skin is smooth, shiny, and the hair falls off naturally. The tea seed shell is black and shiny, and the tea seed kernel is white with a slight yellowish color, with obvious signs of oiliness;

[0048] In the above-mentioned post-harvest processing process of tea oil fruits, the soil barrier material described in step (1) can be cloth, plastic, etc., to reduce the contamination of tea oil fruits with molds in the soil.

[0049] (2) removing impurities: passing the tea fruit obtained in step (1) through a cleaning machine to remove branches, leaves, soil and other impurities;

[0050] The mass percentage of impurities such as soil, sand, branches and leaves, and rotten fruits in the tea fruit after the impurities are removed in step (2) is less than or equal to 2%.

[0051] (3) Retting: The oil-tea camellia fruit obtained in step (2) is sent to a retting device, and direct drying should be avoided as much as possible;

[0052] The fermentation device described in step (3) is a vertical silo or square silo with a built-in ventilation system and a temperature and humidity detection system. The temperature and humidity sensors should be evenly arranged from top to bottom, and the sensors are placed in a specific protective mesh to prevent them from being squeezed and damaged by the oil-tea camellia fruit;

[0053] The retting mentioned above mainly controls the opening and stopping of the fan through the detection and determination of temperature and humidity to achieve suitable retting conditions; during the retting process, the oil tea fruit pile will generate heat and have high humidity, and suitable retting conditions can be maintained by ventilation, cooling and dehumidification. The suitable temperature is 20-25°C, specifically 20°C or 25°C; the suitable relative humidity is 60-90%, specifically 70-80%;

[0054] The fermentation time is 2 to 8 days, specifically 2 to 3 days or 6 to 7 days; under moist conditions, it can be placed for up to 1 month without obvious change in the color of the shell, thereby extending the shelling processing cycle of the oil-tea fruit and improving the utilization rate of the equipment.

[0055] (4) Shelling: Shelling the tea fruit obtained in step (3) by mechanical shelling or drying;

[0056] The shelling in step (4) is carried out mechanically, using a squeezing-rubbing shelling device; the shelling is carried out by airing, and the number of days for airing is 4-20 days, specifically 5-15 days.

[0057] (5) Extracting seeds: sending the mixture of camellia oleifera shells and seeds obtained in step (4) into a screening machine to screen out the camellia oleifera seeds;

[0058] In step (5), the hull content in the seeds should be no greater than 5%, and the seed content in the hull should be no greater than 3%.

[0059] It is worth noting that if mechanical shelling is used in step (5), step (6) of drying is required, and step (6) also includes impurity removal, and the impurity content of the tea seeds is less than or equal to 1%.

[0060] (6) Drying: The camellia seeds obtained in step (5) are sent to a dryer for drying.

[0061] In the above-mentioned post-harvest processing process of tea fruit, step (6) of drying the tea seeds should ensure that the moisture content of the tea seeds is 8-14% (stored at 10-35°C), specifically 8-10.5% (stored at 35°C), 9-11.5% (stored at 25°C), and 9.5-14% (stored at 10°C).

[0062] In the above-mentioned post-harvest processing process of tea fruit, step (6) is drying the tea seeds. If hot air drying is adopted, the hot air temperature is 50-70°C, specifically 55-65°C, and the hot air speed is 0.5-13m / s, specifically 1.0-8.0m / s.

[0063] Under the above suitable conditions, the oil content, acid value and peroxide value of tea seeds of tea fruit with different temperature and humidity conditions and different retting days were measured. Through regression analysis of a large number of retting test data, the following results were obtained:

[0064] The variation model of oil content (Y1) with the number of days of fermentation (X) is: Y1 = 0.4582 + 0.0037*cos(0.3927*X) + 0.0076*cos(0.7854*X) - 0.0162*cos(1.1781*X) - 0.0139*cos(1.5708*X);

[0065] The model of the change of acid value (Y2) with the number of days of retting (X) is: Y2 = 0.3442 + 0.0566*cos(0.4638*X) + 0.0204*sin(0.4638*X);

[0066] The model of the change of peroxide value (Y3) with the number of days of fermentation (X) is: Y3=0.9717+0.0058*cos(1.289*X)+0.0228*sin(1.289*X).

[0067] The oil content of the tea seeds obtained by the post-harvest processing process of the present invention can be increased by a maximum of 5.16%, the acid value is less than 0.4 mg / g, the peroxide value is less than 1.10 mmol / kg, and the mold colony count is less than 40,000 CFU / g for the fruit shell and less than 500 CFU / g for the seed shell, which meets the national safety requirements.

[0068] like Figure 2-6 As shown, another embodiment of the present invention further provides a post-harvest processing device for oil-tea camellia fruit, comprising: a cleaning machine 22, a fermentation device 23, a shelling machine 24, a screening machine 25 and a drying machine 26. The cleaning machine 22 is connected to the fermentation device 23 through a screw conveyor, the fermentation device 23 is connected to the shelling machine 24 through a screw conveyor, the shelling machine 24 is connected to the screening machine 25 through a screw conveyor, and the screening machine 25 is connected to the drying machine 26 through a hoist.

[0069] The retting device 23 mainly includes a conveying system, a retting chamber, a ventilation system, a supporting system and a control system.

[0070] Among them, the conveying system mainly includes a vertical screw conveyor 1 and a belt conveyor 13, the fermentation chamber mainly includes a silo top 3, a silo wall 5, a silo bottom 16, etc., the ventilation system mainly includes a fan 14, an external air inlet pipe 12, an annular air chamber 11, an internal air inlet pipe 10, a central air chamber 7, an air chamber flap 8, an air outlet cage assembly 9, a hood 4, etc., the supporting system mainly includes an annular air chamber bracket 15, a silo bracket 17, etc., and the control system includes a temperature and humidity sensor 19, a control cabinet and wires, etc.

[0071] The vertical screw conveyor 1 conveys the oil-tea fruit to the retting chamber through the inlet 2 at the top of the silo, and the stationary and flowing of the oil-tea fruit is achieved by controlling the closing of the outlet 16 at the bottom of the silo. The belt conveyor 13 can be forward and reverse, and the forward conveyance is for discharging, and the reverse conveyance can be used in conjunction with the vertical screw conveyor 1 to realize the circulation of the oil-tea fruit inside and outside the retting chamber, so as to coordinate ventilation and maintain suitable retting conditions.

[0072] The central air chamber 7 is provided with ventilation holes, and the warehouse wall 5 horizontally supports the central air chamber 7 through the support rod 6 to ensure that the central air chamber 7 does not swing horizontally. The lower end of the central air chamber 7 is connected to the annular air chamber 11 through the inner air inlet pipe 10, and the annular air chamber 11 vertically supports the central air chamber 7 through the support of the annular air chamber bracket 15.

[0073] The central air chamber 7 is provided with an air chamber flap 8, which divides the central air chamber into two parts, upper and lower. According to the amount of oil-tea fruit loaded in the retting room, the opening and closing of the air chamber flap 8 is controlled by the flap motor 21 to achieve full warehouse ventilation and half warehouse ventilation. The flap motor 21 is fixed outside the central air chamber 7 and isolated from the oil-tea fruit by the motor mesh cover 20. The wires of the flap motor 21 are led out of the warehouse by the support rod 6.

[0074] The hood 4 is composed of a hood top 41 and a hood column 43. The upper end of the hood column 43 is hollowly connected to the hood top 41 through a support plate 42, and the lower end of the hood column 43 passes through the warehouse roof 3 and is connected to the upper end of the air outlet cage assembly 9 to form an air outlet passage.

[0075] The air outlet cage assembly 9 is composed of a plurality of ventilation cages 91, on which air holes 913 are provided. Screw holes 911 are provided on the ventilation cage folding edge 912, and the ventilation cage 91 is connected to the support column preset on the warehouse wall 5 by bolts, and a plurality of ventilation cages 91 are fastened up and down to form the air outlet cage assembly 9, and a plurality of air outlet cage assemblies 9 are arranged in indoor facilities.

[0076] The temperature and humidity sensor 19 is installed inside the pipe mesh cover 18, which is connected to the silo top reinforcement rib. The pipe mesh cover 18 is a metal or high-strength plastic pipe with small holes, which can protect the temperature and humidity sensor 19 from being squeezed and pulled by the oil tea fruit, and can also conduct the temperature and humidity in the oil tea fruit pile.

[0077] Example 1: Post-harvest processing of tea fruit

[0078] (1) Raw materials: Tea fruit picked 3 days before or after the Frost Descent or Cold Dew solar terms, with smooth, shiny skin and naturally falling hairs. Tea seed shells are shiny black, tea seed kernels are slightly yellowish white, and have obvious signs of oiliness. When harvesting, lay a soil layer (cloth or plastic) around the tea tree.

[0079] (2) Removing impurities: The oil-tea camellia fruit to be processed obtained in step (1) is sorted and impurities are removed. After the impurities are removed, the impurity content in the oil-tea camellia fruit is 2%.

[0080] (3) Fermentation: The oil tea fruit obtained in step (2) after impurities are removed is sent to a vertical silo. By opening and closing the ventilation system, the oil tea fruit is ensured to be fermented at 20° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. Under this condition, it is placed for 2 days and then air-dried for 6 days. The moisture content of the oil tea seeds is 14%.

[0081] (4) Shelling: The oil tea fruit obtained in step (3) is dried and shelled, and the shelling rate is above 90%.

[0082] (5) Seed removal: After the shells are broken, the oil tea fruits are screened through a seed shell separation device, and the final shelling rate is above 95%.

[0083] The oil content of the tea seeds obtained in this embodiment increased by 5.16% after testing, the acid value was 0.35 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.52 mmol / kg, and the mold colony count was 20 CFU / g for the fruit shell and 0 CFU / g for the seed shell, which fully met the national standard requirements.

[0084] Example 2: Post-harvest processing of tea fruit

[0085] (1) Raw materials: Same as in Example 1.

[0086] (2) Removal of impurities: Same as implementation case 1.

[0087] (3) Retting: The oil-tea camellia fruit obtained from step (2) after the impurities are removed is retting at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 70% for 6 days.

[0088] (4) Shelling: The fermented tea fruit obtained in step (3) is shelled by a mechanical method of squeezing and rubbing.

[0089] (5) Seed removal: After the shells are broken, the oil tea fruits are screened through a seed shell separation device, and the final shelling rate is above 95%.

[0090] (6) Drying: The camellia seeds in step (5) are passed through a hot air dryer (65° C., wind speed 6 m / s, relative humidity 50±5%, drying for 6 to 7 hours) to reduce the moisture content of the camellia seeds to 10%.

[0091] In this embodiment, the time required to obtain the target moisture content of tea seeds is relatively short. After testing, the oil content increased by 1.30%, the acid value was 0.33 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.64 mmol / kg, and the mold colony count: 4100 CFU / g for the fruit shell and 0 CFU / g for the seed shell, which fully meets the national standard requirements.

[0092] Comparative Example 1: Post-harvest processing of tea fruit

[0093] (1) Raw materials: Same as in Example 1.

[0094] (2) Removal of impurities: Same as implementation case 1.

[0095] (3) Retting: The tea fruit obtained in step (2) after impurities removal is retting at 25° C. and 70% relative humidity for 4 days and then air-dried for 5 days. The moisture content of the tea seed is 14%.

[0096] (4) Shelling: The oil tea fruit obtained in step (3) is dried and shelled, and the shelling rate is above 90%.

[0097] (5) Seed removal: After the shells are broken, the oil tea fruits are screened through a seed shell separation device, and the final shelling rate is above 95%.

[0098] The oil content of the tea seeds obtained in this comparative example was reduced by 3.88% after testing, the acid value was 0.31 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.62 mmol / kg, and the mold colony count was 4100 CFU / g for the fruit shell and 0 CFU / g for the seed shell, which met the national standard requirements.

[0099] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0100] (1) Combining physical and chemical quality indicators, scientific retting process conditions are proposed to avoid the randomness of retting operations. At the same time, under appropriate retting conditions, the oil content of camellia seeds can be increased and good physical and chemical indicators can be maintained, which is conducive to subsequent storage and processing;

[0101] (2) The present invention combines the biological growth laws of the object, proposes the idea of ​​avoiding tea fruits from touching the ground as much as possible during harvesting, and provides solutions to ensure the safety of microorganisms during the fermentation process and subsequent processing.

[0102] (3) The present invention provides a prediction model for the change of tea seed quality with the number of days of retting, which is beneficial to the prediction and regulation of the retting process.

[0103] (4) The present invention adopts an efficient fermentation device with a high degree of mechanization for the input and output of materials and simple operation. It can ensure that the tea fruit is fermented under certain temperature and humidity conditions to promote the cracking of the tea fruit, and select appropriate shelling and screening technologies to improve the shelling rate and screening rate of the tea fruit. At the same time, it improves the quality of the tea seeds while inhibiting the massive reproduction of microorganisms.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents, and any modifications or equivalent replacements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for post-harvest processing of oil-tea camellia fruits, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Raw materials: harvested mature camellia oleifera fruits by harvesting method; De-ironization: The harvested tea fruit is passed through a cleaning machine to remove the debris; Retting: The tea fruit obtained after impurities removal is sent to the retting device and processed under the set retting conditions; Shelling: The tea fruit obtained by fermentation is shelled by mechanical shelling or drying; Seed extraction: The mixture of camellia oleifera shells and seeds obtained after shelling is sent to a screening machine to screen out the camellia oleifera seeds, thus completing the post-harvest processing of the camellia oleifera fruit.

2. A method for post-harvest processing of tea fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harvesting method includes either mechanized harvesting or manual harvesting; During manual harvesting, a soil barrier layer is laid around the ground under the oil tea tree. The soil barrier layer material is any one of cloth and plastic to reduce the contamination of mold in the soil by the oil tea fruit.

3. A method for post-harvest processing of tea fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass percentage of soil, sand, gravel, branches and leaves, and rotten fruit impurities in the oil-tea fruit after impurities removal is less than or equal to 2%.

4. The method for post-harvest processing of camellia oleifera fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation device is a vertical silo or square silo with a built-in ventilation system and a temperature and humidity detection system, and temperature and humidity sensors are evenly arranged from top to bottom.

5. The method for post-harvest processing of camellia oleifera fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The set retting conditions are a temperature of 20-25° C., a humidity of 60-90%, and a retting time of 2-8 days.

6. The method for post-harvest processing of camellia oleifera fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shells are broken mechanically, using a squeezing-rubbing shelling device; the shells are shelled in the sun, and the number of days for drying is 4 to 20 days.

7. A method for post-harvest processing of tea fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell content of the seeds after the seeds are removed is no more than 5%, and the seed content of the shell is no more than 3%.

8. The method for post-harvest processing of camellia oleifera fruits according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mechanical shelling method requires an additional drying step, and the obtained tea seeds are sent to a dryer for drying.

9. A method for post-harvest processing of oil-tea camellia fruits according to claim 8, characterized in that: The moisture content of the dried camellia seeds is 8-14%.

10. A post-harvest processing device for camellia oleifera fruit, which implements a post-harvest processing method for camellia oleifera fruit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It includes cleaning machine, retting device, shelling machine, screening machine and drying machine; The cleaning machine is connected to the fermentation device through a screw conveyor, the fermentation device is connected to the shelling machine through a screw conveyor, the shelling machine is connected to the screening machine through a screw conveyor, and the screening machine is connected to the dryer through an elevator; The retting device comprises a conveying system, a retting chamber, a ventilation system, a supporting system and a control system.

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