Application of atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide in delaying age-related degeneration of poultry

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of veterinary drugs, discloses an application of atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide in delaying age-related degeneration of poultry, and provides an application of atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide in delaying degeneration of thymus and bursa of Fabricius of poultry. Experiments prove that the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae polysaccharide has a relieving effect on the immunosuppressive injury, induced by cyclophosphamide, of the bursa of Fabricius of poultry. The invention aims to solve the problem that the weight, immune organ index and immune-related molecular expression of poultry are influenced by age-related degeneration in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of veterinary medicines, and in particular to the application of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide in delaying age-related degeneration in poultry. Background Art

[0002] As poultry age, immune organs such as the thymus and bursa of Fabricius will degenerate, affecting the weight and immune function of poultry. As a central immune organ, the thymus plays a key role in the production of T cells. Thymic degeneration will lead to a decrease in initial T lymphocytes and an increase in memory T cells, resulting in a decrease in the body's ability to recognize new antigens, thereby reducing the body's immunity. The bursa of Fabricius, as an immune organ unique to poultry, plays an important role in the immune response of poultry, and its degeneration will directly affect the immunity of poultry. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a commonly used anticancer drug. It is often injected into the bursa of poultry in poultry farming, but it has many side effects and may induce damage to the immune organs of poultry. Slowing down the degeneration of organs in poultry due to aging is of great significance to poultry farming.

[0003] As one of the main active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide has been widely studied for its potential effects in anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation and immunity enhancement. There are no reports on the research and application of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (PAMK) in preventing thymic degeneration in poultry. At the same time, Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide can reduce the liver damage caused by cyclophosphamide, but there is no report on whether it has an effect in the bursa of Fabricius. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide the application of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide in delaying age-related degeneration in poultry, so as to solve the problem that the existing poultry will be affected in terms of body weight, immune organ index and expression of immune-related molecules due to the degeneration of thymus and bursa of Fabricius as they age.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: application of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide in delaying age-related degeneration in poultry.

[0006] Preferably, the related degeneration includes degeneration of the thymus and degeneration of the bursa of Fabricius.

[0007] Preferably, cyclophosphamide is also injected into the bursa of Fabricius, and Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide can also play a role in alleviating the immunosuppressive damage of the bursa of Fabricius induced by cyclophosphamide in poultry.

[0008] Preferably, an Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide preparation for delaying age-related degeneration in poultry has Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide as the main active ingredient, and active ingredients and / or preparation excipients that do not affect each other are added.

[0009] The principle and beneficial effects of this technical solution:

[0010] (1) Delaying degeneration: PAMK can effectively delay the age-related degeneration of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius in poultry, which has a positive effect on maintaining the health and immune function of poultry.

[0011] (2) Improving the immune organ index: PAMK treatment can improve the immune organ index of poultry, which may be related to its immunoregulatory effect.

[0012] (3) Improved expression of immune-related molecules: PAMK can improve the expression of immune-related molecules, including immunoglobulins and cytokines, which is essential for enhancing the immunity and disease resistance of poultry.

[0013] (4) Reduce drug side effects: PAMK can alleviate the immunosuppressive damage caused by drugs such as CTX, reduce drug side effects, and improve the safety and efficiency of poultry farming.

[0014] (5) Promoting cell cycle and inhibiting cell apoptosis: PAMK can promote the cell cycle to enter the S phase and G2 phase and inhibit cell apoptosis, which is essential for maintaining the health and function of immune organs.

[0015] (6) Economic benefits: By delaying the degeneration of poultry and improving their immunity, PAMK helps to improve the growth efficiency of poultry and the economic benefits of farming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a comparison of the BF organ index of the bursa of Fabricius in the Magang goose in the control group and the PAMK treatment group;

[0017] Figure 2 The comparison chart of immunoglobulin and oxidative stress indexes in the bursa of Fabricius of Magang geese in the control group and the PAMK treatment group;

[0018] Figure 3 The figure shows the histological observation results of the bursa of Fabricius in Magang geese in the control group and the PAMK treatment group;

[0019] Figure 4 This is the result of transcriptome sequencing;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a comparison of the BF organ index of the thymus of Magang geese in the control group and the PAMK treatment group;

[0021] Figure 6 The figure shows the histological observation results of the thymus of Magang geese in the control group and the PAMK treatment group;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a comparison of immunoglobulins and oxidative stress indicators in the thymus of Magang geese in the control group and the PAMK treatment group;

[0023] Figure 8This is a comparison of the cytokine expression levels in the thymus of Magang geese in the control group and the PAMK treatment group;

[0024] Fig. 9 The numbers and distribution diagrams of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) identified in the control group and the PAMK group by RNA-seq;

[0025] Fig.10 The figure shows the role of PPAR, WNT and MAPK signaling pathways in PAMK alleviating thymic degeneration in Magang geese;

[0026] Fig.11 This is the experimental result of PAMK alleviating cyclophosphamide-induced bursal immunosuppression in chicks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0028] Example 1: Effect of PAMK on bursal degeneration in Magang geese

[0029] 1. Experimental Animals

[0030] Four-month-old Magang geese were selected and pre-fed for 3 days, and then randomly divided into a control group and a PAMK group, with 5 replicates in each group and 5 geese in each replicate. There was no significant difference in the body weight of the geese between each replicate.

[0031] 2. Experimental Plan

[0032] The control group was fed with ordinary feed, and the PAMK group was fed with 400 mg / kg of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide. When the geese were fed to 5 months of age, they were deprived of food and water for 12 hours, and then one Magang goose was randomly selected from each replicate of the control group and the PAMK group to collect BF and serum for testing. In order to explore the mechanism by which PAMK alleviates the degeneration of the bursa of Fabricius in Magang geese, BF of the five-month-old control group and the five-month-old PAMK group were selected for transcriptome sequencing.

[0033] 3. Results and Analysis

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure A is a size comparison of the bursa of Fabricius of four-month-old, five-month-old and five-month-old Magang geese treated with Atractylodes polysaccharide; Figure B is a comparison of organ indexes; Figure C is a tissue section image under a microscope; and Figure D is a diagram of the difference in tissue structure.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure A, Figure B, and Figure C are comparisons of the levels of immunoglobulins such as IgG, IgA, and IgM, respectively; Figure D, Figure E, and Figure F are comparisons of oxidative stress indicators such as T-AOC, SOD, and MDA, respectively.

[0036] In summary, BF organ index, histological observation, immunoglobulin and oxidative stress indicators showed that PAMK could alleviate the degeneration of bursa of Fabricius in Magang geese.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure A is the volcano map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEGs; Figure B is the clustering map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEGs; Figure C is the GO functional enrichment analysis map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEGs; Figure D is the KEGG functional enrichment signal pathway map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEGs.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure A is the cell cycle diagram of M5-Control; Figure B is the cell cycle diagram of M5-PAMK; Figure C is the cell cycle quantitative diagram; Figure D is the M5-Control cell apoptosis diagram; Figure E is the M5-PAMK cell apoptosis diagram; and Figure F is the cell apoptosis quantitative diagram.

[0039] In summary, transcriptome sequencing identified a total of 1486 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Kegg enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that the Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in alleviating the degeneration of the bursa of Magang geese. Further studies on cells showed that the addition of PAMK could inhibit cell apoptosis and promote the cell cycle to enter the S phase and G2 phase. In summary, this study found that PAMK can alleviate the degeneration of the bursa of Magang geese by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway.

[0040] Example 2: Effect of PAMK on thymus degeneration in Magang geese

[0041] 1. Experimental Animals

[0042] Four-month-old Magang geese were selected and pre-fed for 3 days, and then randomly divided into a control group and a PAMK group, with 5 replicates in each group and 5 geese in each replicate. There was no significant difference in the body weight of the geese between each replicate.

[0043] 2. Experimental Plan

[0044] The control group was fed with ordinary feed, and the PAMK group was fed with 400 mg / kg of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide. When the geese were fed to 5 months of age, they were deprived of food and water for 12 hours, and then one Magang goose was randomly selected from each replicate of the control group and the PAMK group to collect the thymus. In order to explore the mechanism by which PAMK alleviates thymic degeneration in Magang geese, transcriptome sequencing was performed on BF of the 5-month-old control group and the 5-month-old PAMK group.

[0045] 3. Results and Analysis

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, Figure a is a comparison of the thymus sizes of four-month-old, five-month-old and five-month-old Magang geese treated with Atractylodes polysaccharide; Figure b is the thymus weight of Magang geese; Figure c is the body weight of Magang geese; Figure d is the thymus index analysis of Magang geese; and Figure e is a tissue section image under a microscope.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure a, Figure b and Figure c are the thymus IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels of Magang geese, respectively; Figure d, Figure e and Figure f are the serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels of Magang geese, respectively.

[0048] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure a, Figure b and Figure c are the T-AOC, MDA and GSH-Px levels in the thymus tissue of Magang geese, respectively; Figure d, Figure e and Figure f are the T-AOC, MDA and SOD levels in the serum of Magang geese, respectively.

[0049] In summary, PAMK can significantly alleviate the reduction of thymus volume and weight in Magang geese, increase the thymus index, improve the morphological structure of thymus tissue, appropriately enhance the antioxidant capacity in the body, and regulate the expression level of cytokines.

[0050] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure a is the volcano map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEGs; Figure b is the clustering map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEGs; Figure c is the GO functional enrichment analysis map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEGs; Figure d is the KEGG functional enrichment signal pathway map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEGs.

[0051] like Fig. 9 As shown, Figure a is the volcano map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEMs; Figure b is the cluster map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DEMs; Figure c is the targeted relationship prediction regulatory network map of DEMs-DEGs.

[0052] like Fig.10 As shown, Figure a is the volcano map of M5-PAMK and M5-Control DELs; Figure b is the targeted relationship prediction regulatory network diagram of DELs-DEMs.

[0053] like Fig.11 As shown, Figure a is a Venn diagram of DEGs related to thymic involution in the ceRNA network; Figure b is a Sankey bubble diagram between genes and pathways; Figure c is a ceRNA regulatory network diagram of 9 key genes related to alleviating thymic involution.

[0054] Through RNA-seq, 1343 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 17 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 854 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were identified in the control group and the PAMK group. Functional analysis of DEGs revealed that signaling pathways such as PPAR, WNT and MAPK played a key regulatory role in this process, and the potential network relationships of these RNAs were predicted.

[0055] In summary, as poultry age, these immune organs will degenerate, affecting the weight and immune function of poultry, and the introduction of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide can effectively alleviate this degeneration. The experimental results showed that the poultry in the Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide treatment group had significant improvements in organ index, histological structure, immunoglobulin level and oxidative stress index, showing a delayed effect on the degeneration of poultry thymus and bursa of Fabricius.

[0056] In addition, Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide can also reduce the immunosuppressive damage of poultry bursa induced by cyclophosphamide, which is of great significance for reducing the side effects of commonly used drugs in poultry farming. Through transcriptome sequencing, the study found that Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide can affect signaling pathways such as PPAR, WNT and MAPK, which play a key role in immune response and cell growth. Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide regulates these signaling pathways, inhibits cell apoptosis, and promotes the cell cycle to enter the S phase and G2 phase, thereby alleviating poultry thymic degeneration.

[0057] In general, as a natural active ingredient, Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide can not only enhance the immunity of poultry and improve the function of immune organs, but also reduce the side effects of drugs and improve the economic benefits and safety of poultry farming. The application of the present invention provides a new immune regulation strategy for the poultry farming industry, which helps to improve the health level of poultry and the breeding efficiency.

[0058] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. Application of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide in delaying age-related degeneration in poultry.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The related degeneration includes degeneration of the thymus and degeneration of the bursa of Fabricius.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: Cyclophosphamide is also injected into the bursa of Fabricius, and Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide can also play a role in alleviating immunosuppressive damage of the bursa of Fabricius of poultry induced by cyclophosphamide.

4. A polysaccharide preparation of Atractylodes macrocephala for delaying age-related degeneration in poultry, characterized in that: Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide is used as the main active ingredient, and active ingredients and / or preparation excipients that do not affect each other are added.

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