Method and device for comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate

Abstract

The device comprises a connecting frame, a connecting cylinder is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting frame, a smashing cylinder is installed on the upper surface of the connecting cylinder in a communicating mode, a smashing wheel is rotatably installed in the smashing cylinder, and a pushing and grinding mechanism is rotatably installed in the connecting cylinder; the pushing and grinding mechanism can grind the materials in the process of conveying the materials into the screening mechanism, and the screening mechanism is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the connecting frame and communicates with the lower end of the outer surface of the pushing and grinding mechanism. By means of the screening mechanism and the pushing and grinding mechanism, the processes of crushing, grinding and screening are combined together, fluorite concentrate enters the grinding stage immediately after being preliminarily crushed, particles are further refined, minerals with different particle sizes can be separated while grinding is conducted, and the treatment efficiency is greatly improved through the parallel operation mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fluorite concentrate recovery, and in particular to a method and a device for comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate. Background Art

[0002] Fluorite is an important non-metallic strategic mineral resource. Due to its fine particles, complex embedding characteristics, high inclusion content, and many similar floatable minerals, the quality of fluorite concentrate is low, and it contains valuable resources such as rare earth and niobium, which are not fully utilized. Comprehensive resource utilization of this type of fluorite concentrate and further recovery of valuable metals in it have important economic value and environmental benefits.

[0003] In the existing mechanism, during the crushing of fluorite concentrate, only the crusher can perform the crushing process alone, and it will be transferred to other equipment during the subsequent fine grinding and screening process, so that the mineral must go through multiple processing steps. The traditional process makes the energy utilization efficiency low, resulting in increased energy consumption and reduced overall equipment operation efficiency. The fluorite concentrate cannot be crushed and ground and screened at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing recovery and processing equipment and methods cannot crush the fluorite concentrate while grinding and screening it.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method and device for comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, comprising a connecting frame, a connecting cylinder fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the connecting frame, a crushing cylinder connected to and mounted on the upper surface of the connecting cylinder, a crushing wheel rotatably mounted in the crushing cylinder, and a pushing and grinding mechanism rotatably mounted in the connecting cylinder, so that the crushing wheel can crush the fluorite concentrate poured into it, and the crushed fluorite concentrate can fall into the connecting cylinder and be ground in the process of being transported into a screening mechanism by the pushing and grinding mechanism, the screening mechanism is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the connecting frame and is connected to the lower end of the outer surface of the pushing and grinding mechanism, and the screening mechanism is drivingly connected to the pushing and grinding mechanism.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the other end of the pushing and grinding mechanism is rotatably installed in the bearing seat, the bearing seat is fixedly installed on the other end of the upper surface of the connecting frame, and the outer surface of the pushing and grinding mechanism is covered with a splash guard, which is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting frame.

[0008] Among them, a reduction motor is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting frame, a first transmission wheel is fixedly installed at the outer end of the output shaft of the reduction motor, a transmission belt is sleeved on the outer surface of the first transmission wheel, the other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the first transmission wheel is sleeved on the outer surface of the second transmission wheel, and the second transmission wheel is fixedly installed on one end of the rotating rod of the crushing wheel.

[0009] A third transmission wheel is fixedly mounted on one end of the second transmission wheel, a transmission belt is sleeved on the outer surface of the third transmission wheel, the other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the third transmission wheel is sleeved on the outer surface of the fourth transmission wheel, the fourth transmission wheel is fixedly mounted on one end of the pushing and grinding mechanism, and the pushing and grinding mechanism is in transmission connection with the screening mechanism, so that the reduction motor can simultaneously drive the crushing wheel, the pushing and grinding mechanism and the screening mechanism to work.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pushing and grinding mechanism includes a spiral conveying rod, which rotates between the connecting tube and the bearing seat. One end of the connecting tube is connected to a cylinder installed and is sleeved on the outer surface of the spiral conveying rod. The cylinder is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting frame, and the cylinder is sleeved on the outer surface by a splash guard.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conical cylinder is provided at the middle end of the spiral conveying rod, the diameter of the conical cylinder gradually increases and spiral conveying blades are also provided on the outer surface, grinding teeth are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the conical cylinder, and grinding teeth are also fixedly installed on the inner ring wall at one end of the cylinder, so that the grinding teeth in the cylinder cover the outer surface of the grinding teeth of the conical cylinder.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the diameter of the cone cylinder is gradually increased and spiral conveying blades are arranged on the outer surface, so that the crushed fluorite concentrate is gradually squeezed and dispersed during the transportation process, and the grinding teeth in the cylinder cover the outer surface of the grinding teeth of the cone cylinder, thereby forming a grinding gap between the cylinder and the cone cylinder, and the diameter of the cone cylinder is gradually increased, so that the fluorite concentrate can be gradually ground into small particles and pushed by the spiral conveying blades on the outer surface.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, a discharge hole is provided at the lower end of the inner ring wall at the other end of the cylinder.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the screening mechanism includes a funnel tube, which is fixedly mounted on the inner lower surface of the connecting frame and connected to the splash shield, while covering the outer surface of the discharge hole, so that the funnel tube can receive and guide the fluorite concentrate falling from the discharge hole.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, two groups of screens are slidably installed in the funnel tube, one end of the two groups of screens slides out of the funnel tube and a push-pull plate is fixedly installed between them, one end of the two groups of screens is connected and a sliding plate is installed, and the two groups of sliding plates have opposite diversion directions for the fluorite concentrate.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, a connecting arm is rotatably installed at one end of the push-pull plate, and the other end of the connecting arm is rotatably installed on the outer surface of the eccentric shaft. The outer surface of the eccentric shaft is covered with a transmission belt, and the other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the eccentric shaft is covered on the outer surface of the fifth transmission wheel, and the fifth transmission wheel is fixedly installed on one end of the outer surface of the spiral conveying rod.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. In the process of comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, the fluorite concentrate needs to be crushed and ground first to make the ore reach an appropriate particle size, increase the surface area of ​​the mineral, and facilitate subsequent chemical treatment. When the fluorite concentrate is crushed and ground, the reduction motor can be started to drive the first transmission wheel to drive the crushing wheel and the spiral conveying rod to rotate. The spiral conveying rod will also drive the fifth transmission wheel to drive the eccentric shaft fixed on the outer surface to rotate during the rotation. The eccentric shaft will drive the connecting arm to reciprocately push and pull the push-pull plate, so that the push-pull plate can reciprocate and push the two sets of screens to reciprocate in the funnel tube for screening.

[0019] S2. Then the fluorite concentrate can be poured into the crushing cylinder, so that the crushing wheel in the crushing cylinder can crush the fluorite concentrate into small pieces and drop them into the connecting cylinder. The fluorite concentrate that falls into the connecting cylinder will be pushed into the cylinder by the rotating screw conveying rod until the screw conveying rod pushes the fluorite concentrate to the middle section, so that the fluorite concentrate can enter the outer surface of the cone cylinder. The diameter of the cone cylinder is gradually increased, and the outer surface is also provided with spiral conveying blades, and the outer surface is provided with grinding teeth, and the inner ring wall of the cylinder of this section is also fixedly installed with grinding teeth, so that a grinding gap can be formed between the cylinder and the cone cylinder, and the diameter of the cone cylinder is gradually increased, so that the fluorite concentrate can be gradually ground into small particles during the pushing process, and the fluorite concentrate ground by this section will be pushed to the other end of the cylinder together, and the lower end of the inner ring wall of the other end of the cylinder is provided with a discharge hole, so that the ground fluorite concentrate can fall into the funnel cylinder through the discharge hole.

[0020] S3. The fluorite concentrate falling into the funnel tube will be received by the screen, and the screen is pushed and pulled back and forth at this time, so that the screen can screen the size of the fluorite concentrate, and the fluorite concentrate particles smaller than the mesh size of the first layer of the screen can fall onto the surface of the second layer of the screen. If the fluorite concentrate is smaller than the mesh size of the second layer of the screen, the fluorite concentrate will fall along the funnel tube into the receiving container at the lower end, and the fluorite concentrate in the two layers of the screen will be guided into the corresponding storage container along the sliding plate installed at one end.

[0021] S4. The crushed and ground fluorite concentrate can then be mixed with a chlorinating agent and roasted at high temperature. During the roasting process, calcium fluoride reacts with the chlorinating agent to generate calcium chloride and other chlorides, and release fluoride.

[0022] Temperature Control: The process is usually carried out at temperatures between °C and °C to facilitate the chlorination reaction.

[0023] Reaction Products: This process helps to dissociate rare earth elements such as neodymium, dysprosium, and niobium from their ores to form soluble chlorides.

[0024] Leaching: Use acidic solutions, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, to carry out leaching reactions to extract rare earths and niobium from calcium chloride and other dissolved substances.

[0025] Leaching conditions: The recovery rate of rare earth and niobium can be improved by controlling parameters such as acid concentration, leaching temperature, and leaching time.

[0026] Separation and extraction:

[0027] Separation of rare earths: rare earths are separated from other metal elements such as niobium by solvent extraction, ion exchange and other methods. Commonly used solvents include organic solvents such as TBP, D2EHPA, etc., and ion exchangers can be selected from specific resins;

[0028] Extraction of niobium: Niobium is generally extracted by ammonium fluoride precipitation or sulfuric acid method. The precipitated niobium can be roasted to obtain niobium oxide or niobium metal.

[0029] Refining and recovery: The obtained rare earth and niobium are further refined to remove impurities, improve purity, and obtain high-purity rare earth oxides or niobium metal.

[0030] Refining method: Chlorination reduction, electrolysis or other metallurgical methods can be used.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The device of the present invention is provided with a reduction motor, a crushing cylinder, a crushing wheel, a screening mechanism and a pushing and grinding mechanism. In the process of comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, the fluorite concentrate is first crushed and ground to make the ore reach an appropriate particle size, increase the surface area of ​​the mineral, and facilitate subsequent chemical treatment. When the fluorite concentrate is crushed and ground, the reduction motor can be started to drive the first transmission wheel to drive the pushing and grinding mechanism to rotate in the connecting cylinder. During the process of the pushing and grinding mechanism being driven to rotate, the screening mechanism will be driven to reciprocate and screen. Then, the fluorite concentrate can be poured into the crushing cylinder, and the crushing wheel in the crushing cylinder will crush the fluorite concentrate into small pieces and drop them into the connecting cylinder. The fluorite concentrate falling into the connecting cylinder will be pushed into the screening mechanism by the rotating pushing and grinding mechanism, and the crushed fluorite concentrate can be ground and refined together during the pushing process. In this way, the surface area of ​​the mineral is increased to facilitate subsequent chemical treatment. The ground fluorite concentrate will fall into the screening mechanism, and the screening mechanism at this time is pushed and pulled back and forth to screen the fluorite concentrate by size. By combining the crushing, grinding and screening processes together, the ore enters the grinding stage immediately after the initial crushing to further refine the particles. While grinding, the screening mechanism works synchronously to separate minerals of different particle sizes. This parallel operation method greatly improves the processing efficiency and avoids the time delays caused by the traditional step-by-step processing mode of separate crushing, grinding and screening, which can shorten the processing time of the ore at different stages and reduce unnecessary waiting and energy waste. Compared with traditional processes, the overall process of mineral processing is more efficient and can more quickly achieve the ideal particle size and particle size distribution of the ore.

[0033] 2. Through the arrangement of the spiral conveying rod, cone, cylinder, discharge hole and grinding teeth, the crushing wheel in the crushing cylinder breaks the fluorite concentrate into small pieces and drops them into the connecting cylinder. The fluorite concentrate that falls into the connecting cylinder will be pushed into the cylinder by the rotating spiral conveying rod until the spiral conveying rod pushes the fluorite concentrate to the middle section, where it can enter the outer surface of the cone. The diameter of the cone gradually increases, and at the same time, the outer surface is also provided with spiral conveying leaves, and the outer surface is provided with grinding teeth. The inner ring wall of the cylinder of this section is also fixedly installed with grinding teeth, so that a grinding distance can be formed between the cylinder and the cone. The diameter of the cone gradually increases, so that the fluorite concentrate can be gradually subjected to stronger grinding during the pushing process. force, thereby gradually grinding the fluorite concentrate to the required fineness. This gradual design can avoid over-grinding of the ore in the early stage, reduce unnecessary energy consumption, and ensure the uniformity of the final particle size. The grinding teeth arranged on the surface of the cone and the inner wall of the cylinder provide strong shear and friction forces, which further improve the grinding effect of the ore. The contact between the ore and the grinding teeth during the grinding process can further enhance the crushing and refinement effect, effectively reducing the situation of particles being too coarse or too fine. The fluorite concentrate ground by this section will be pushed to the other end of the cylinder together, and a discharge hole is opened at the lower end of the inner ring wall at the other end of the cylinder, so that the ground fluorite concentrate can fall into the screening mechanism through the discharge hole for particle size screening.

[0034] 3. Through the arrangement of the funnel tube, screen, push-pull plate, eccentric shaft, connecting arm and sliding plate, the ground fluorite concentrate is pushed to the segment of the discharge hole through the spiral conveying rod, so that the fluorite concentrate can fall into the funnel tube through the discharge hole, and the fluorite concentrate falling into the funnel tube will be received by the screen, and in the process of the spiral conveying rod being driven to rotate, it will also drive the fifth transmission wheel transmission eccentric shaft fixed on the outer surface to rotate, and the eccentric shaft will drive the connecting arm to push and pull the push-pull plate back and forth, so that the push-pull plate can push the two sets of screens back and forth in the funnel tube for reciprocating screening, so that the screen can be used to screen the size of the fluorite concentrate, and the fluorite concentrate particles smaller than the mesh of the first layer of screen can fall onto the surface of the second layer of screen. If If the fluorite concentrate is smaller than the mesh size of the second layer of screen, the fluorite concentrate will fall along the funnel tube into the receiving container at the lower end, while the fluorite concentrate in the two layers of screen will be guided into the corresponding storage container along the slide plate installed at one end. Through the two layers of screen, the fluorite concentrate can be accurately graded according to the particle size to ensure that ores of different particle sizes are effectively separated. The smaller particles will enter the second layer of screen after passing through the first layer of screen for further fine screening, thereby obtaining more detailed particle distinction. This double-layer screen design provides efficient sorting capabilities, which is helpful for subsequent processing according to different particle sizes, and can ensure that smaller particles are effectively screened and finally enter the corresponding storage containers, which is crucial for the efficient recovery of valuable resources such as rare earths and niobium. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only examples of the embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reduction motor in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a crushing wheel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a spiral conveying rod in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cone in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a push grinding mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a screening mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fifth transmission wheel and the eccentric shaft in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] 1. Connecting frame; 101. Splash shield; 102. Bearing seat; 103. Crushing cylinder; 104. Connecting cylinder; 105. Speed ​​reducer; 106. First transmission wheel; 107. Crushing wheel; 108. Second transmission wheel; 109. Fourth transmission wheel; 110. Third transmission wheel; 2. Screening mechanism; 201. Funnel cylinder; 202. Screen; 203. Push-pull plate; 204. Eccentric shaft; 205. Connecting arm; 206. Sliding plate; 3. Push-grinding mechanism; 301. Screw conveying rod; 302. Cone cylinder; 303. Cylinder; 304. Discharge hole; 305. Grinding teeth; 306. Fifth transmission wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; it can be the internal connection of two components; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] See also Figure 1-Figure 8As shown, an embodiment of the present invention is a device for comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, comprising a connecting frame 1, a connecting cylinder 104 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting frame 1, a crushing cylinder 103 is installed on the upper surface of the connecting cylinder 104, a crushing wheel 107 is rotatably installed in the crushing cylinder 103, and a pushing and grinding mechanism 3 is rotatably installed in the connecting cylinder 104, so that the crushing wheel 107 can crush the fluorite concentrate poured in, and the crushed fluorite concentrate falls into the connecting cylinder 104 and is ground during the process of being transported into the screening mechanism 2 by the pushing and grinding mechanism 3, the screening mechanism 2 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the connecting frame 1 and is communicated with the lower end of the outer surface of the pushing and grinding mechanism 3, and the screening mechanism 2 is transmission-connected to the pushing and grinding mechanism 3.

[0049] The other end of the pushing and grinding mechanism 3 is rotatably mounted in the bearing seat 102, and the bearing seat 102 is fixedly mounted on the other end of the upper surface of the connecting frame 1. The outer surface of the pushing and grinding mechanism 3 is covered with a splash shield 101, and the splash shield 101 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the connecting frame 1.

[0050] Among them, a reduction motor 105 is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting frame 1, and a first transmission wheel 106 is fixedly installed at the outer end of the output shaft of the reduction motor 105. A transmission belt is sleeved on the outer surface of the first transmission wheel 106, and the other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the first transmission wheel 106 is sleeved on the outer surface of the second transmission wheel 108. The second transmission wheel 108 is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating rod of the crushing wheel 107.

[0051] A third transmission wheel 110 is fixedly mounted on one end of the second transmission wheel 108, and a transmission belt is sleeved on the outer surface of the third transmission wheel 110. The other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the third transmission wheel 110 is sleeved on the outer surface of the fourth transmission wheel 109. The fourth transmission wheel 109 is fixedly mounted on one end of the pushing and grinding mechanism 3, and the pushing and grinding mechanism 3 is in transmission connection with the screening mechanism 2, so that the reduction motor 105 can simultaneously drive the crushing wheel 107, the pushing and grinding mechanism 3 and the screening mechanism 2 to work.

[0052] In the process of comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate by means of the reduction motor 105, the crushing barrel 103, the crushing wheel 107, the screening mechanism 2 and the pushing and grinding mechanism 3, the fluorite concentrate is firstly crushed and ground to make the ore reach an appropriate particle size, increase the surface area of ​​the mineral, and facilitate subsequent chemical treatment. When the fluorite concentrate is crushed and ground, the reduction motor 105 can be started to drive the first transmission wheel 106 to drive the pushing and grinding mechanism 3 to rotate in the connecting barrel 104, and the pushing and grinding mechanism 3 will be driven to rotate and drive the screening mechanism 2 to perform reciprocating screening. Then, the fluorite concentrate can be poured into the crushing barrel 103, so that the crushing wheel 107 in the crushing barrel 103 can crush the fluorite concentrate into small pieces and drop them into the connecting barrel 104. The fluorite concentrate that falls into the connecting barrel 104 will be pushed into the screening mechanism 2 by the rotating pushing and grinding mechanism 3, and in the process of pushing, the crushed The fluorite concentrate is ground and refined to increase the surface area of ​​the mineral for subsequent chemical treatment. The ground fluorite concentrate will fall into the screening mechanism 2, and the screening mechanism 2 is pushed and pulled back and forth at this time, so that the screening mechanism 2 can screen the size of the fluorite concentrate. By combining the crushing, grinding and screening processes, the ore enters the grinding stage immediately after the initial crushing to further refine the particles. While grinding, the screening mechanism 2 works synchronously to separate minerals of different particle sizes. This parallel operation mode greatly improves the processing efficiency and avoids the time delay caused by the traditional step-by-step processing mode of separate crushing, grinding and screening, so that the processing time of the ore at different stages can be shortened, unnecessary waiting and energy waste can be reduced. Compared with traditional processes, the overall process of mineral processing is more efficient and can more quickly achieve the ideal particle size and particle size distribution of the ore.

[0053] like Figure 5-Figure 6 As shown, the push grinding mechanism 3 includes a spiral conveying rod 301, which rotates between the connecting cylinder 104 and the bearing seat 102. One end of the connecting cylinder 104 is connected to a cylinder 303 installed and sleeved on the outer surface of the spiral conveying rod 301. The cylinder 303 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting frame 1, and the cylinder 303 is sleeved on the outer surface by the splash cover 101.

[0054] A cone 302 is provided at the middle end of the spiral conveying rod 301. The diameter of the cone 302 gradually increases and spiral conveying blades are also provided on the outer surface. Grinding teeth 305 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the cone 302, and grinding teeth 305 are also fixedly installed on the inner ring wall at one end of the cylinder 303, so that the grinding teeth 305 in the cylinder 303 cover the outer surface of the grinding teeth 305 of the cone 302.

[0055] As the diameter of the cone 302 gradually increases and spiral conveying blades are arranged on the outer surface, the crushed fluorite concentrate is gradually squeezed and dispersed during the transportation process, and the grinding teeth 305 in the cylinder 303 cover the outer surface of the grinding teeth 305 of the cone 302, thereby forming a grinding gap between the cylinder 303 and the cone 302, and as the diameter of the cone 302 gradually increases, the fluorite concentrate can be gradually ground into small particles and pushed through the spiral conveying blades on the outer surface.

[0056] A discharge hole 304 is formed at the lower end of the inner ring wall at the other end of the cylinder 303 .

[0057] Through the spiral conveying rod 301, the cone 302, the cylinder 303, the discharge hole 304 and the grinding teeth 305, the crushing wheel 107 in the crushing cylinder 103 crushes the fluorite concentrate into small pieces and drops them into the connecting cylinder 104. The fluorite concentrate falling into the connecting cylinder 104 will be pushed into the cylinder 303 by the rotating spiral conveying rod 301 until the spiral conveying rod 301 pushes the fluorite concentrate to the middle section so that the fluorite concentrate can enter the outer surface of the cone 302. The diameter of the cone 302 is gradually increasing, and the outer surface is also provided with spiral conveying leaves, and the outer surface is provided with grinding teeth 305. The inner ring wall of the cylinder 303 of this section is also fixedly installed with grinding teeth 305, so that a grinding distance can be formed between the cylinder 303 and the cone 302, and the diameter of the cone 302 is gradually increasing, so that the fluorite concentrate can be pushed. In the process, it can be gradually subjected to stronger grinding force, so as to gradually grind the fluorite concentrate to the required fineness. This gradual design can avoid over-grinding of the ore in the early stage, reduce unnecessary energy consumption, and ensure the uniformity of the final particle size. The grinding teeth 305 arranged on the surface of the cone 302 and the inner wall of the cylinder 303 provide strong shear and friction forces, which further improve the grinding effect of the ore, so that the contact between the ore and the grinding teeth 305 during the grinding process can further enhance the crushing and refinement effect, and effectively reduce the situation of too coarse or too fine particles. The fluorite concentrate ground by this segment will be pushed to the other end of the cylinder 303 together, and the lower end of the inner ring wall at the other end of the cylinder 303 is provided with a discharge hole 304, so that the ground fluorite concentrate can fall into the screening mechanism 2 through the discharge hole 304 for particle size screening.

[0058] like Figure 7-Figure 8 As shown, the screening mechanism 2 includes a funnel tube 201, which is fixedly mounted on the inner lower surface of the connecting frame 1 and is connected to the splash shield 101, while covering the outer surface of the discharge hole 304, so that the funnel tube 201 can receive and guide the fluorite concentrate falling from the discharge hole 304.

[0059] Two groups of screens 202 are slidably installed in the funnel tube 201, one end of the two groups of screens 202 slides out from the funnel tube 201 and a push-pull plate 203 is fixedly installed between them, one end of the two groups of screens 202 is connected and a sliding plate 206 is installed, and the two groups of sliding plates 206 have opposite diversion directions for fluorite concentrate.

[0060] A connecting arm 205 is rotatably installed at one end of the push-pull plate 203, and the other end of the connecting arm 205 is rotatably installed on the outer surface of the eccentric shaft 204. The outer surface of the eccentric shaft 204 is sleeved with a transmission belt, and the other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the eccentric shaft 204 is sleeved on the outer surface of the fifth transmission wheel 306. The fifth transmission wheel 306 is fixedly installed on one end of the outer surface of the spiral conveying rod 301.

[0061] The ground fluorite concentrate is pushed into the segment of the discharge hole 304 through the funnel barrel 201, the screen 202, the push-pull plate 203, the eccentric shaft 204, the connecting arm 205 and the sliding plate 206 through the screw conveying rod 301, so that the fluorite concentrate can fall into the funnel barrel 201 through the discharge hole 304, and the fluorite concentrate falling into the funnel barrel 201 will be received by the screen 202, and in the process of the screw conveying rod 301 being driven to rotate, the fifth transmission wheel 306 fixedly installed on the outer surface will be driven to rotate, and the eccentric shaft 204 will drive the connecting arm 205 to push and pull the push-pull plate 203 back and forth, so that the push-pull plate 203 can push the two sets of screens 202 back and forth in the funnel barrel 201 for reciprocating screening, so that the screen 202 can screen the size of the fluorite concentrate, and can screen the fluorite smaller than the mesh of the first layer of screen 202. The concentrate particles fall onto the surface of the second layer of screen 202. If the fluorite concentrate is smaller than the mesh size of the second layer of screen 202, the fluorite concentrate will fall along the funnel tube 201 into the receiving container at the lower end, and the fluorite concentrate in the two layers of screen 202 will be guided into the corresponding storage container along the slide plate 206 installed at one end. The two layers of screen 202 can accurately classify the fluorite concentrate according to the particle size to ensure that ores of different particle sizes are effectively separated. After passing through the first layer of screen 202, the smaller particles will enter the second layer of screen 202 for further fine screening, thereby obtaining more detailed particle distinction. The design of the double-layer screen 202 provides efficient sorting capabilities, which is helpful for subsequent processing according to different particle sizes, and can ensure that smaller particles are effectively screened and eventually enter the corresponding storage containers, which is crucial for the efficient recovery of valuable resources such as rare earths and niobium.

[0062] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, comprising the following steps:

[0063] S1. In the process of comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, the fluorite concentrate needs to be crushed and ground first to make the ore reach an appropriate particle size, increase the surface area of ​​the mineral, and facilitate subsequent chemical treatment. When the fluorite concentrate is crushed and ground, the first transmission wheel 106 can be driven to rotate by starting the reduction motor 105 to drive the crushing wheel 107 and the screw conveying rod 301. During the process of the screw conveying rod 301 being driven to rotate, the fifth transmission wheel 306 fixedly installed on the outer surface will also be driven to rotate the eccentric shaft 204. The eccentric shaft 204 will drive the connecting arm 205 to push and pull the push-pull plate 203 back and forth, so that the push-pull plate 203 can push the two sets of screens 202 back and forth in the funnel tube 201 for reciprocating screening.

[0064] S2. Then, the fluorite concentrate can be poured into the crushing cylinder 103, and the crushing wheel 107 in the crushing cylinder 103 breaks the fluorite concentrate into small pieces and drops them into the connecting cylinder 104. The fluorite concentrate falling into the connecting cylinder 104 will be pushed into the cylinder 303 by the rotating screw conveying rod 301, until the screw conveying rod 301 pushes the fluorite concentrate to the middle section, so that the fluorite concentrate can enter the outer surface of the cone cylinder 302. The diameter of the cone cylinder 302 is gradually increased, and the outer surface is also provided with spiral conveying blades, and the outer surface is provided with grinding teeth 305, and this section Grinding teeth 305 are also fixedly installed on the inner ring wall of the segmented cylinder 303, so that a grinding distance can be formed between the cylinder 303 and the cone cylinder 302, and the diameter of the cone cylinder 302 gradually increases, so that the fluorite concentrate can be gradually ground into small particles during the pushing process, and the fluorite concentrate ground by this segment will be pushed to the other end of the cylinder 303, and a discharge hole 304 is provided at the lower end of the inner ring wall at the other end of the cylinder 303, so that the ground fluorite concentrate can fall into the funnel tube 201 through the discharge hole 304.

[0065] S3. The fluorite concentrate falling into the funnel tube 201 will be received by the screen 202, and at this time the screen 202 is pushed and pulled back and forth, so that the screen 202 can screen the size of the fluorite concentrate, and can make the fluorite concentrate particles smaller than the mesh of the first layer of screen 202 fall onto the surface of the second layer of screen 202; if the fluorite concentrate is smaller than the mesh of the second layer of screen 202, the fluorite concentrate will fall along the funnel tube 201 into the receiving container at the lower end, and the fluorite concentrate in the two layers of screen 202 will be guided into the corresponding storage container along the sliding plate 206 installed at one end.

[0066] S4. The crushed and ground fluorite concentrate can then be mixed with a chlorinating agent and roasted at high temperature. During the roasting process, calcium fluoride reacts with the chlorinating agent to generate calcium chloride and other chlorides, and release fluoride.

[0067] Temperature Control: The process is usually carried out at temperatures between 600°C and 900°C to promote the chlorination reaction.

[0068] Reaction Products: This process helps to dissociate rare earth elements such as neodymium, dysprosium, and niobium from their ores to form soluble chlorides.

[0069] Leaching: Use acidic solutions, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, to carry out leaching reactions to extract rare earths and niobium from calcium chloride and other dissolved substances.

[0070] Leaching conditions: The recovery rate of rare earth and niobium can be improved by controlling parameters such as acid concentration, leaching temperature, and leaching time.

[0071] Separation and extraction:

[0072] Separation of rare earths: rare earths are separated from other metal elements such as niobium by solvent extraction, ion exchange and other methods. Commonly used solvents include organic solvents such as TBP, D2EHPA, etc., and ion exchangers can be selected from specific resins;

[0073] Extraction of niobium: Niobium is generally extracted by ammonium fluoride precipitation method or sulfuric acid method. The precipitated niobium can be roasted to obtain niobium oxide or niobium metal.

[0074] Refining and recovery: The obtained rare earth and niobium are further refined to remove impurities, improve purity, and obtain high-purity rare earth oxides or niobium metal.

[0075] Refining method: Chlorination reduction, electrolysis or other metallurgical methods can be used.

[0076] When the fluorite concentrate is crushed and ground by the embodiment of the present invention, the first transmission wheel 106 can be driven to drive the crushing wheel 107 and the screw conveying rod 301 to rotate by starting the reduction motor 105, and the screw conveying rod 301 can be driven to rotate by the fifth transmission wheel 306 fixedly installed on the outer surface to drive the eccentric shaft 204 to rotate, and the eccentric shaft 204 can drive the connecting arm 205 to push and pull the push-pull plate 203 back and forth, so that the push-pull plate 203 can push the two sets of screens 202 back and forth in the funnel tube 201 for reciprocating screening, and then the fluorite concentrate can be The ore is poured into the crushing cylinder 103, and the crushing wheel 107 in the crushing cylinder 103 breaks the fluorite concentrate into small pieces and drops into the connecting cylinder 104. The fluorite concentrate falling into the connecting cylinder 104 will be pushed into the cylinder 303 by the rotating spiral conveying rod 301 until the spiral conveying rod 301 pushes the fluorite concentrate to the middle section so that the fluorite concentrate can enter the outer surface of the cone cylinder 302. The diameter of the cone cylinder 302 is gradually increasing, and the outer surface is also provided with spiral conveying blades, and the outer surface is provided with grinding teeth 305, and the inner ring wall of the cylinder 303 of this section Grinding teeth 305 are also fixedly installed on the cylinder 303, so that a grinding distance can be formed between the cylinder 303 and the cone cylinder 302, and the diameter of the cone cylinder 302 gradually increases, so that the fluorite concentrate can be gradually ground into small particles during the pushing process, and the fluorite concentrate ground by this segment will be pushed to the other end of the cylinder 303 together, and the lower end of the inner ring wall of the other end of the cylinder 303 is provided with a discharge hole 304, so that the ground fluorite concentrate can fall into the funnel cylinder 201 through the discharge hole 304, and the fluorite concentrate falling into the funnel cylinder 201 The fluorite concentrate will be received by the screen 202, and at this time the screen 202 is pushed and pulled back and forth, so that the screen 202 can screen the size of the fluorite concentrate, and can make the fluorite concentrate particles smaller than the mesh of the first layer of screen 202 fall onto the surface of the second layer of screen 202; if the fluorite concentrate is smaller than the mesh of the second layer of screen 202, the fluorite concentrate will fall along the funnel tube 201 into the receiving container at the lower end, and the fluorite concentrate in the two layers of screen 202 will be guided into the corresponding storage container along the slide plate 206 installed at one end.

[0077] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention combines the crushing, grinding and screening processes together, so that the fluorite concentrate enters the grinding stage immediately after the initial crushing, further refines the particles, and can separate minerals of different particle sizes while grinding. This parallel operation mode greatly improves the processing efficiency and avoids the time delay caused by the traditional step-by-step processing mode of separate crushing, grinding and screening, thereby shortening the processing time of ore at different stages and reducing unnecessary waiting and energy waste. Compared with traditional processes, the overall process of mineral processing is more efficient and can more quickly reduce the ore to an ideal particle size and particle size distribution.

[0078] The above shows and describes the basic principles of the present invention. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only intended to illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, characterized in that: The invention comprises a connecting frame (1), a connecting cylinder (104) being fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the connecting frame (1), a crushing cylinder (103) being connected and mounted on the upper surface of the connecting cylinder (104), a crushing wheel (107) being rotatably mounted in the crushing cylinder (103), and a pushing and grinding mechanism (3) being rotatably mounted in the connecting cylinder (104), so that the crushing wheel (107) can crush the fluorite concentrate poured into the crushing cylinder, and the crushed fluorite concentrate can fall into the connecting cylinder (104) and be ground in the process of being transported into the screening mechanism (2) by the pushing and grinding mechanism (3), the screening mechanism (2) being fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the connecting frame (1) and being connected to the lower end of the outer surface of the pushing and grinding mechanism (3), and the screening mechanism (2) is drivingly connected to the pushing and grinding mechanism (3).

2. The device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the pushing and grinding mechanism (3) is rotatably mounted in a bearing seat (102), the bearing seat (102) is fixedly mounted on the other end of the upper surface of the connecting frame (1), the outer surface of the pushing and grinding mechanism (3) is provided with a splash shield (101), and the splash shield (101) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the connecting frame (1); A reduction motor (105) is fixedly mounted on one end of the connecting frame (1), a first transmission wheel (106) is fixedly mounted on the outer end of the output shaft of the reduction motor (105), a transmission belt is sleeved on the outer surface of the first transmission wheel (106), the other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the first transmission wheel (106) is sleeved on the outer surface of the second transmission wheel (108), and the second transmission wheel (108) is fixedly mounted on one end of the rotating rod of the crushing wheel (107); A third transmission wheel (110) is fixedly mounted on one end of the second transmission wheel (108); a transmission belt is sleeved on the outer surface of the third transmission wheel (110); the other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the third transmission wheel (110) is sleeved on the outer surface of a fourth transmission wheel (109); the fourth transmission wheel (109) is fixedly mounted on one end of a pushing and grinding mechanism (3); and the pushing and grinding mechanism (3) is in transmission connection with the screening mechanism (2), so that the reduction motor (105) can simultaneously drive the crushing wheel (107), the pushing and grinding mechanism (3) and the screening mechanism (2) to work.

3. The device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing and grinding mechanism (3) comprises a spiral conveying rod (301), the spiral conveying rod (301) rotates between a connecting cylinder (104) and a bearing seat (102), one end of the connecting cylinder (104) is connected to a cylinder (303) installed and sleeved on the outer surface of the spiral conveying rod (301), the cylinder (303) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting frame (1), and the cylinder (303) is sleeved on the outer surface by a splash cover (101).

4. The device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: A cone (302) is provided at the middle end of the spiral conveying rod (301). The diameter of the cone (302) gradually increases and a spiral conveying blade is also provided on the outer surface. Grinding teeth (305) are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the cone (302). Grinding teeth (305) are also fixedly mounted on the inner ring wall at one end of the cylinder (303), so that the grinding teeth (305) in the cylinder (303) cover the outer surface of the grinding teeth (305) of the cone (302).

5. The device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the cone (302) gradually increases and spiral conveying blades are arranged on the outer surface, so that the crushed fluorite concentrate is gradually squeezed and dispersed during the conveying process, and the grinding teeth (305) in the cylinder (303) cover the outer surface of the grinding teeth (305) of the cone (302), thereby forming a grinding gap between the cylinder (303) and the cone (302), and the diameter of the cone (302) gradually increases, so that the fluorite concentrate can be gradually ground into small particles and pushed through the spiral conveying blades on the outer surface.

6. The device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: A discharge hole (304) is provided at the lower end of the inner ring wall at the other end of the cylinder (303).

7. The device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening mechanism (2) comprises a funnel tube (201), wherein the funnel tube (201) is fixedly mounted on the inner lower surface of the connecting frame (1) and is connected to the splash shield (101), while covering the outer surface of the discharge hole (304), so that the funnel tube (201) can receive and guide the fluorite concentrate falling from the discharge hole (304).

8. The device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two groups of screens (202) are slidably installed in the funnel tube (201), one end of the two groups of screens (202) slides out of the funnel tube (201) and a push-pull plate (203) is fixedly installed between them, one end of the two groups of screens (202) is connected to a slide plate (206) installed, and the two groups of slide plates (206) have opposite directions of diversion for fluorite concentrate.

9. The device for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that: A connecting arm (205) is rotatably mounted on one end of the push-pull plate (203); the other end of the connecting arm (205) is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of an eccentric shaft (204); a transmission belt is sleeved on the outer surface of the eccentric shaft (204); the other end of the transmission belt on the outer surface of the eccentric shaft (204) is sleeved on the outer surface of a fifth transmission wheel (306); and the fifth transmission wheel (306) is fixedly mounted on one end of the outer surface of the spiral conveying rod (301).

10. A method for comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, characterized in that: The device for comprehensively recovering rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate according to claim 9 comprises the following steps: S1. In the process of comprehensive recovery of rare earth and niobium from fluorite concentrate, the fluorite concentrate needs to be crushed and ground first to make the ore reach an appropriate particle size, increase the mineral surface area, and facilitate subsequent chemical treatment. When the fluorite concentrate is crushed and ground, the first transmission wheel 106 is driven to drive the crushing wheel (107) and the screw conveying rod (301) to rotate by starting the reduction motor (105). The screw conveying rod (301) is driven to rotate and the fifth transmission wheel (306) fixedly installed on the outer surface drives the eccentric shaft (204) to rotate. The eccentric shaft (204) drives the connecting arm (205) to push and pull the push-pull plate (203) back and forth, so that the push-pull plate (203) can push the two sets of screens (202) back and forth in the funnel tube (201) to perform reciprocating screening. S2. Then, the fluorite concentrate is poured into the crushing cylinder (103), and the crushing wheel (107) in the crushing cylinder (103) crushes the fluorite concentrate into small pieces and drops into the connecting cylinder (104). The fluorite concentrate that falls into the connecting cylinder (104) is pushed into the cylinder (303) by the rotating screw conveying rod (301), until the screw conveying rod (301) pushes the fluorite concentrate to the middle section so that the fluorite concentrate can enter the outer surface of the cone cylinder (302), and the diameter of the cone cylinder (302) gradually increases, and the outer surface is also provided with spiral conveying blades, and the outer surface is provided with grinding teeth (305), and this Grinding teeth (305) are also fixedly mounted on the inner ring wall of the segmented cylinder (303), so that a grinding distance can be formed between the cylinder (303) and the cone cylinder (302), and the diameter of the cone cylinder (302) gradually increases from short to long, so that the fluorite concentrate can be gradually ground into small particles during the process of pushing the fluorite concentrate, and the fluorite concentrate ground by this segment will be pushed to the other end of the cylinder (303), and the lower end of the inner ring wall of the other end of the cylinder (303) is provided with a discharge hole (304), so that the ground fluorite concentrate can fall into the funnel cylinder (201) through the discharge hole (304); S3, the fluorite concentrate falling into the funnel tube (201) will be received by the screen (202), and at this time the screen (202) is pushed and pulled back and forth to screen, so that the screen (202) can screen the size of the fluorite concentrate, and can make the fluorite concentrate particles smaller than the mesh of the first layer of the screen (202) fall onto the surface of the second layer of the screen (202); if the fluorite concentrate is smaller than the mesh of the second layer of the screen (202), the fluorite concentrate will fall along the funnel tube (201) into the receiving container at the lower end, and the fluorite concentrate in the two layers of the screen (202) will be guided into the corresponding storage container along the sliding plate (206) installed at one end; S4, then the crushed and ground fluorite concentrate is mixed with a chlorinating agent and roasted at high temperature. During the roasting process, calcium fluoride reacts with the chlorinating agent to generate calcium chloride and other chlorides, and release fluoride; Temperature control: The process is carried out at a temperature between 600°C and 900°C to promote the chlorination reaction; Reaction Products: The process helps to dissociate the rare earth elements neodymium, dysprosium, and niobium from their ores to form soluble chlorides; Leaching: Use an acid solution to carry out a leaching reaction to extract rare earths and niobium from calcium chloride and other dissolved substances; Leaching conditions: Improve the recovery rate of rare earth and niobium by controlling the acid concentration, leaching temperature and leaching time parameters; Separation and extraction: Separation of rare earths: Separate rare earths from other metal elements by solvent extraction and ion exchange. The solvent includes organic solvents, and the ion exchanger is resin. Niobium extraction: extraction by ammonium fluoride precipitation method or sulfuric acid method, the precipitated niobium is roasted to obtain niobium oxide or niobium metal; Refining and recovery: The obtained rare earth and niobium are further refined to remove impurities, improve purity, and obtain high-purity rare earth oxides or niobium metal; Refining method: using chloride reduction, electrolysis or other metallurgical methods.

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