Railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and railway hopper car

Abstract

The invention provides a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and a railway hopper car, and belongs to the technical field of railway wagons, the bottom door opening and closing mechanism comprises a transmission shaft and a clutch limiting assembly, and the transmission shaft is used for being connected with a bottom door and driving the bottom door to be opened and closed through rotation action; the clutch limiting assembly comprises a first limiting component and a second limiting component, when the transmission shaft acts till the bottom door is completely closed, the first limiting component and the second limiting component are connected to limit the transmission shaft to rotate in the door opening direction, and when the transmission shaft conducts door opening action, the first limiting component and the second limiting component are separated. According to the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the railway hopper car, locking of the transmission shaft after the bottom door is closed is achieved through the clutch limiting assembly, the bottom door can be effectively prevented from being automatically opened in the running process of the car, unlocking can be achieved without extra power and manual operation in the door opening process, the reliability and stability of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the railway hopper car are improved, and the service life is prolonged. And the transportation safety of the vehicle is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of railway freight cars, and more specifically, relates to a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and a railway hopper car. Background Art

[0002] Railway hopper cars are special railway freight cars that use the weight of the goods and the hopper structure inside the car to guide the goods to be unloaded from the bottom door. Due to its advantages of high unloading efficiency, low investment and low operating cost, it plays an important role in the transportation of bulk bulk cargo by rail. The bottom door opening and closing mechanism is the core component of the railway hopper car to control the opening and closing of the bottom door and realize normal unloading operations.

[0003] As a common bottom door opening and closing control method, the touch-type bottom door opening and closing mechanism is widely used in domestic and foreign railway hopper cars. The various components of the mechanism form a four-bar linkage mechanism, which uses the door opening and closing arms at both ends of the shaft to drive the rotation of the transmission shaft, and then drives the connecting rod mechanism connected to the transmission shaft to achieve the opening and closing of the bottom door. In the actual use of the touch-type bottom door opening and closing mechanism, due to the impact of vehicle running bumps, vibrations and other factors, the eccentricity of the connecting rod mechanism cannot be effectively guaranteed, which will cause the bottom door to open automatically. Therefore, how to improve the reliability and stability of the touch-type bottom door opening and closing mechanism and prevent the bottom door from opening automatically during use has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and a railway hopper car, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the bottom door is easy to open automatically when the vehicle is bumpy and vibrated.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism, comprising:

[0006] A transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is used to connect the bottom door and drive the bottom door to open and close through a rotational action;

[0007] The clutch limit assembly includes a first limit component and a second limit component, wherein the first limit component is fixedly connected to the vehicle body, and the second limit component is movably connected to the transmission shaft, and when the transmission shaft moves to the point where the bottom door is completely closed, the first limit component engages with the second limit component to limit the rotation of the transmission shaft in the door opening direction, and when the transmission shaft performs the door opening action, the first limit component separates from the second limit component.

[0008] Optionally, the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism further includes:

[0009] A door closing arm, the door closing arm is connected to the door closing end of the transmission shaft and is used to drive the transmission shaft to rotate in the door opening direction;

[0010] a door opening arm, the door opening arm being connected to the door opening end of the transmission shaft and used for driving the transmission shaft to rotate in the door closing direction, the second position-limiting component being also connected to the door opening arm, and the door opening arm driving the second position-limiting component to separate from the first position-limiting component when performing the door opening action;

[0011] A reset component is connected to the second position-limiting component and provides a reset force to the second position-limiting component to make the first position-limiting component engage with the second position-limiting component.

[0012] Optionally, the second limiting component is slidably disposed on the transmission shaft, and the second limiting component engages with or separates from the first limiting component by sliding;

[0013] The door opening arm is connected to the transmission shaft via a screw-in structure, and the screw-in structure can convert relative rotational motion and relative linear motion between the door opening arm and the transmission shaft, and the door opening arm and the transmission shaft can only move relative to each other within a set range.

[0014] Optionally, the first limiting component is a limiting lock block;

[0015] The second limiting component is a sliding sleeve, which is mounted on the transmission shaft and connected to the transmission shaft by sliding and non-rotating via a flat key. A limiting boss is provided on the outer periphery of the sliding sleeve, and a limiting notch is formed on the limiting boss to match the limiting lock block.

[0016] The reset component is a compression spring, which is sleeved on the transmission shaft, one end of the compression spring is connected to the sliding sleeve, and the other end of the compression spring is connected to the transmission shaft.

[0017] Optionally, the precession structure comprises:

[0018] A mounting hole, wherein the mounting hole is arranged on the door opening arm, and the door opening arm is sleeved on the transmission shaft through the mounting hole;

[0019] A first inclined surface and a second inclined surface that cooperate with each other, wherein the first inclined surface is arranged on the outer surface of the transmission shaft, and the second inclined surface is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting hole, and the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are used to convert rotational motion into linear motion;

[0020] A first limiting surface and a second limiting surface that cooperate with each other, wherein the first limiting surface is arranged on the outer surface of the transmission shaft, and the second limiting surface is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting hole, and is used to limit the range of movement of the door opening arm in one direction;

[0021] A third limiting surface and a fourth limiting surface cooperate with each other, wherein the third limiting surface is arranged on the outer surface of the transmission shaft, and the fourth limiting surface is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting hole, and are used to limit the range of movement of the door opening arm in another direction.

[0022] Optionally, the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism further includes:

[0023] A connecting rod mechanism, wherein the transmission shaft is connected to the bottom door via the connecting rod mechanism.

[0024] Optionally, the connecting rod mechanism comprises:

[0025] at least one double lever, the double lever being fixedly connected to the transmission shaft;

[0026] At least one pair of connecting rods, the end of the double lever is hinged to one end of the connecting rod to form a hinge hole, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the lower part of the bottom door, and when the transmission shaft rotates, it drives the bottom door to flip around the flip structure on the upper part of the bottom door.

[0027] Optionally, the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism further includes:

[0028] A third limiting component, the third limiting component is fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission shaft and is provided with a protrusion,

[0029] A fourth limiting component is fixedly connected to the vehicle body, and when the third limiting component contacts the fourth limiting component, the bottom door is in a closed position and an over-axis eccentricity is formed between the hinge hole and the axis of the transmission shaft.

[0030] Optionally, the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism further includes:

[0031] A door opening side bearing, through which the door opening end of the transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the vehicle body;

[0032] A door closing side bearing, through which the door closing end of the transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the vehicle body.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a railway hopper car, comprising:

[0034] The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism described in the first aspect.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: providing a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism, comprising a transmission shaft and a clutch limiter assembly, wherein the transmission shaft is used to connect the bottom door and drive the bottom door to open and close through a rotation action; the clutch limiter assembly comprises a first limiter component and a second limiter component, wherein the first limiter component is fixedly connected to the vehicle body, and the second limiter component is movably connected to the transmission shaft, and when the transmission shaft moves to the bottom door completely closed, the first limiter component engages with the second limiter component to limit the transmission shaft from rotating in the door opening direction, and when the transmission shaft performs the door opening action, the first limiter component separates from the second limiter component. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism uses the clutch limiter assembly to realize the locking of the transmission shaft after the bottom door is closed, which can effectively prevent the bottom door from opening automatically during the vehicle operation, and does not need to apply additional power or manual operation to unlock during the door opening process, making the unloading operation simpler, and has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost, and reliable operation, which greatly improves the reliability and stability of the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism, and ensures the transportation safety of the vehicle.

[0036] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like components throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a bottom door opening and closing mechanism of a railway hopper car according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in a bottom door closed state.

[0040] Figure 3 One of the schematic structural diagrams showing a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism in a locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0041] Figure 4 The second schematic structural diagram shows a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism in a locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 One of the schematic structural diagrams of a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism in an unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0043] Figure 6 The second schematic structural diagram shows a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism in an unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in a bottom door fully open state.

[0045] Figure 8 One of the schematic structural diagrams showing a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism in a locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0046] Fig. 9 The second schematic structural diagram shows a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism in a locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Fig.10 A schematic structural diagram of a precession structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0048] Fig.11 A schematic structural diagram of the door opening end of a transmission shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0049] Description of reference numerals:

[0050] 1. Transmission shaft; 2. Double lever; 3. Opening side bearing; 4. Closing side bearing; 5. Opening arm; 6. Closing arm; 7. Roller; 11. Limiting lock block; 12. Sliding sleeve; 13. Flat key; 14. Compression spring; 15. Third limiting component; 16. Fourth limiting component; 21. Flipping structure; 22. Bottom door; 23. Connecting rod; 24. Mounting hole; 25. Raised part; 26. Hinge hole; A. Second inclined plane; B. First inclined plane; C. Second limiting surface; D. Boss; E. Third limiting surface; F. Fourth limiting surface; G. First limiting surface; H. Fully open position; I. Locked position; J. Unlocked position; e. Over-axis eccentricity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0052] like Figure 1-9 As shown, this embodiment provides a railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism, comprising:

[0053] A transmission shaft 1, which is used to connect the bottom door 22 and drive the bottom door 22 to open and close through a rotation action;

[0054] The clutch limit assembly includes a first limit component and a second limit component. The first limit component is fixedly connected to the vehicle body, and the second limit component is movably connected to the transmission shaft 1. When the transmission shaft 1 moves to the point where the bottom door 22 is completely closed, the first limit component engages with the second limit component to limit the rotation of the transmission shaft 1 in the door opening direction. When the transmission shaft 1 performs the door opening action, the first limit component separates from the second limit component.

[0055] Specifically, the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the railway hopper car utilizes a clutch limit assembly to lock the drive shaft 1 after the bottom door 22 is closed, which can effectively prevent the bottom door 22 from opening automatically during the operation of the vehicle, and no additional power or manual operation is required to unlock the door during the door opening process, making the unloading operation simpler. It has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost, and reliable operation, which greatly improves the reliability and stability of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the railway hopper car and ensures the transportation safety of the vehicle.

[0056] Optionally, the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism further includes:

[0057] The door closing arm 6 is connected to the door closing end of the transmission shaft 1 and is used to drive the transmission shaft 1 to rotate in the door closing direction;

[0058] The door opening arm 5 is connected to the door opening end of the transmission shaft 1 and is used to drive the transmission shaft 1 to rotate in the door opening direction. The second limiting component is also connected to the door opening arm 5. When the door opening arm 5 performs the door opening action, it drives the second limiting component to separate from the first limiting component;

[0059] The reset component is connected to the second position-limiting component and provides a reset force to the second position-limiting component to make the first position-limiting component engage with the second position-limiting component.

[0060] Specifically, when the door opening arm 5 performs the door opening action, it drives the second limiting component to separate from the first limiting component, thereby realizing automatic unlocking during the door opening process. After the bottom door 22 is closed, the reset component drives the first limiting component to engage with the second limiting component, thereby realizing the locking of the transmission shaft 1 after the bottom door 22 is closed.

[0061] It should be noted that the door opening arm 5 and the door closing arm 6 drive the transmission shaft 1 to rotate, which can be achieved by using existing technology. The door opening arm 5 and the door closing arm 6 are set at an angle. When the door is opened, the end of the door opening arm 5 contacts the door opening touch platform set on the ground and lifts upward, thereby driving the transmission shaft 1 to rotate in the door opening direction. When the door is closed, the end of the door closing arm 6 contacts the door closing touch platform set on the ground and lifts upward, thereby driving the transmission shaft 1 to rotate in the door closing direction. In this embodiment, the ends of the door opening arm 5 and the door closing arm 6 are both provided with rollers 7, and the rollers 7 can reduce the friction with the touch platform.

[0062] Optionally, the second limiting component is slidably disposed on the transmission shaft 1, and the second limiting component engages with or separates from the first limiting component by sliding;

[0063] The door opening arm 5 is connected to the transmission shaft 1 through a screw-in structure, which can convert the relative rotational motion and relative linear motion between the door opening arm 5 and the transmission shaft 1, and the door opening arm 5 and the transmission shaft 1 only move relative to each other within a set range.

[0064] Specifically, when the end of the door opening arm 5 is lifted by the door opening touch platform, the door opening arm 5 rotates around the transmission shaft 1, and the screw-in structure converts the rotational movement of the door opening arm 5 into a linear movement. Since the second limiting component is connected to the door opening arm 5, the door opening arm 5 will drive the second limiting component to slide and separate from the first limiting component when it moves linearly, thereby achieving unlocking. Since the door opening arm 5 and the transmission shaft 1 only move relative to each other within a set range, the door opening arm 5 can no longer move relative to the transmission shaft 1 after moving linearly to the set position. The door opening arm 5 continues to be lifted by the door opening touch platform to drive the transmission shaft 1 to rotate, thereby achieving the opening of the bottom door 22.

[0065] Optionally, the first limiting component is a limiting lock block 11;

[0066] The second limiting component is a sliding sleeve 12, which is sleeved on the transmission shaft 1 and connected to the transmission shaft 1 by sliding and non-rotating through a flat key 13. A limiting boss D is provided on the outer periphery of the sliding sleeve 12, and a limiting notch is formed on the limiting boss D to match the limiting lock block 11;

[0067] The reset component is a compression spring 14 , which is sleeved on the transmission shaft 1 , one end of the compression spring 14 is connected to the sliding sleeve 12 , and the other end of the compression spring 14 is connected to the transmission shaft 1 .

[0068] Specifically, during the door closing process, the sliding sleeve 12 rotates with the transmission shaft 1. When the transmission shaft 1 rotates to the point where the bottom door 22 is closed, the position of the limit notch corresponds to the position of the limit lock block 11. At this time, the compression spring 14 pushes the sliding sleeve 12 to make the limit notch engage with the limit lock block 11 to achieve locking. During the door opening process, the door opening arm 5 moves linearly to drive the sliding sleeve 12 to slide, so that the limit notch is separated from the limit lock block 11. After the door opening arm 5 moves linearly to the set position, it drives the transmission shaft 1 to rotate. The sliding sleeve 12 rotates with the transmission shaft 1 to stagger the position of the limit notch with the position of the limit lock block 11 to achieve unlocking.

[0069] Alternatively, if Figure 10-11 As shown, the precession structure includes:

[0070] A mounting hole 24, the mounting hole 24 is provided on the door opening arm 5, and the door opening arm 5 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 1 through the mounting hole 24;

[0071] The first inclined surface B and the second inclined surface A cooperate with each other, the first inclined surface B is arranged on the outer surface of the transmission shaft 1, and the second inclined surface A is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting hole 24, and the first inclined surface B and the second inclined surface A are used to convert the rotational motion and the linear motion into each other;

[0072] A first limiting surface G and a second limiting surface C cooperate with each other, the first limiting surface G is arranged on the outer surface of the transmission shaft 1, and the second limiting surface C is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting hole, and is used to limit the range of movement of the door opening arm 5 in one direction;

[0073] The third limiting surface E and the fourth limiting surface F cooperate with each other, the third limiting surface E is set on the outer surface of the transmission shaft 1, and the fourth limiting surface F is set on the inner surface of the mounting hole, which are used to limit the range of movement of the door opening arm 5 in another direction.

[0074] Specifically, the working principle of the door opening arm 5 during the door opening process is as follows:

[0075] When the door opening arm 5 is in the locked position I, the second inclined surface A of the door opening arm 5 is in close contact with the first inclined surface B of the transmission shaft 1, the fourth limiting surface F of the door opening arm 5 is in close contact with the third limiting surface E on the transmission shaft 1, and a set distance is maintained between the second limiting surface C of the door opening arm 5 and the first limiting surface G on the transmission shaft 1.

[0076] When the roller 7 on the door opening arm 5 in the locked position I contacts the door opening touch platform on the ground and rolls upward, and the door opening arm 5 turns from the locked position I to the unlocked position J, the fourth limit surface F of the door opening arm 5 is separated from the third limit surface E on the transmission shaft 1, and the second inclined surface A of the door opening arm 5 slides along the progressive surface of the first inclined surface B on the transmission shaft 1. Since there is a set distance between the second limit surface C of the door opening arm 5 and the first limit surface G on the transmission shaft 1, the movement of the door opening arm 5 will not cause the rotation of the transmission shaft 1, that is, the door opening arm 5 rotates relative to the transmission shaft 1 and moves toward the door opening side bearing 3 until the second limit surface C of the door opening arm 5 contacts the first limit surface G on the transmission shaft 1, and the door opening arm 5 is in the unlocked position J.

[0077] When the roller 7 on the door opening arm 5 in the unlocking position J continues to roll upward along the door opening touch platform, since the second limit surface C of the door opening arm 5 is in close contact with the first limit surface G on the transmission shaft 1, the second inclined surface A of the door opening arm 5 is restricted from sliding along the progressive surface of the first inclined surface B of the transmission shaft 1. The door opening arm 5 continues to rotate and will drive the transmission shaft 1 to rotate together, thereby realizing the opening of the bottom door 22. At this time, the door opening arm 5 is in the fully open position H.

[0078] The working principle of the door opening arm 5 during the door closing process is as follows:

[0079] When the door opening arm 5 is in the fully open position H, the second inclined surface A of the door opening arm 5 is in close contact with the first inclined surface B of the transmission shaft 1, the second limit surface C of the door opening arm 5 is in close contact with the first limit surface G on the transmission shaft 1, and the fourth limit surface F of the door opening arm 5 maintains a set distance from the third limit surface E on the transmission shaft 1.

[0080] When the roller 7 on the door closing arm 6 in the fully open position H contacts the door closing touch platform on the ground and rolls upward until it leaves the door closing touch platform, the door closing arm 6 rotates from the fully open position H to the maximum height, and the door closing arm 6 drives the transmission shaft 1 to rotate. Since the limit lock block 11 is in the slide groove on the sliding sleeve 12, the limit lock block 11 limits the displacement of the sliding sleeve 12 along the transmission shaft 1, and the elastic force of the compression spring 14 in the compressed state cannot act on the second limit surface C of the door opening arm 5 through the sliding sleeve 12. The second limit surface C of the door opening arm 5 is tightly attached to the first limit surface G on the transmission shaft 1, and the door opening arm 5 and the transmission shaft 1 have no relative rotation. During this process, the transmission shaft 1 will drive the door opening arm 5 to rotate from the fully open position H to the unlocking position J.

[0081] When the door opening arm 5 rotates to the unlocking position J, the sliding sleeve 12 rotates with the transmission shaft 1 to the limiting notch and is aligned with the limiting lock block 11, and the compression spring 14 in the compressed state pushes the sliding sleeve 12 to make the limiting lock block 11 embed into the limiting notch. At the same time, the sliding sleeve 12 transmits the elastic force of the compression spring 14 to the second limiting surface C of the door opening arm 5, so that the second limiting surface C of the door opening arm 5 is separated from the first limiting surface G on the transmission shaft 1, and the second inclined surface A of the door opening arm 5 slides along the progressive surface of the first inclined surface B of the transmission shaft 1. There is a set distance between the third limit surface E on the moving shaft 1, and the movement of the door opening arm 5 will not cause the rotation of the transmission shaft 1, that is, the door opening arm 5 rotates around the transmission shaft 1 and moves linearly toward the door opening end until the fourth limit surface F of the door opening arm 5 is in close contact with the third limit surface E on the transmission shaft 1. At this time, the elastic force of the compression spring 14 acting on the door opening arm 5 through the sliding sleeve 12 and the reaction force of the third limit surface E of the transmission shaft 1 on the fourth limit surface F of the door opening arm 5 are offset, and the door opening arm 5 is in the locked position I, and the transmission shaft 1 is in the locked state.

[0082] Optionally, the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism further includes:

[0083] Connecting rod mechanism: the transmission shaft 1 is connected to the bottom door 22 through the connecting rod mechanism.

[0084] Preferably, the connecting rod mechanism comprises:

[0085] At least one double lever 2, the double lever 2 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 1;

[0086] At least one pair of connecting rods 23, the end of the double lever 2 is hinged to one end of the connecting rod 23 to form a hinge hole 26, and the other end of the connecting rod 23 is hinged to the lower part of the bottom door 22. When the transmission shaft 1 rotates, it drives the bottom door 22 to flip around the flip structure 21 on the upper part of the bottom door 22.

[0087] Specifically, the bottom door 22 of the railway hopper car in the prior art is a pair, and the two ends of the double lever 2 are respectively connected to a pair of bottom doors 22. In order to clearly show the connection structure, only one side of the bottom door 22 is shown in the figure. The flip structure 21 can adopt the existing technical structure, such as a folding seat, etc. The upper part of the bottom door 22 is connected to the car body through the flip structure 21.

[0088] Optionally, the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism further includes:

[0089] The third limiting component 15 is fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission shaft 1 and is provided with a protrusion 25.

[0090] The fourth limiting component 16 is fixedly connected to the vehicle body. When the third limiting component 15 contacts the fourth limiting component 16 , the bottom door 22 is in a closed position and the hinge hole 24 and the axis of the transmission shaft 1 form an eccentric distance e.

[0091] Specifically, the eccentricity e of the axis causes the bottom door 22 to apply a torque to the transmission shaft 1 by relying on gravity, so that the third limiting component 15 tends to rotate toward the fourth limiting component 16. The torque will be offset by the reaction force of the fourth limiting component 16 on the third limiting component 15, so that the transmission shaft 1 is in a torque balance state and no longer rotates.

[0092] Optionally, the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism further includes:

[0093] The door opening side bearing 3, the door opening end of the transmission shaft 1 is rotatably mounted on the vehicle body through the door opening side bearing 3;

[0094] The door closing side bearing 4 is used to rotatably mount the door closing end of the transmission shaft 1 on the vehicle body.

[0095] In this embodiment, the first limiting component and the limiting lock block 11 are both fixedly arranged on the door-opening side bearing 3, and the door-opening side bearing 3 and the door-closing side bearing 4 are both fixedly connected to the vehicle body.

[0096] The working principle and process of the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism of this embodiment are as follows:

[0097] The locking process of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism:

[0098] When the roller 7 on the door closing arm 6 in the fully open position H contacts the door closing touch platform on the ground and rolls upward until it leaves the door closing touch platform, the door closing arm 6 rotates from the fully open position H to the maximum height, and the door opening arm 5 rotates from the fully open position H to the unlocking position J; thereafter, the door opening arm 5 is rotated from the unlocking position J to the locking position I under the push of the compression spring 14 and the sliding sleeve 12 in the compressed state.

[0099] During the process of the door closing arm 6 rotating from the fully open position H to the maximum height, the door closing arm 6 drives the transmission shaft 1 installed on the door opening side bearing 3 and the door closing side bearing 4 to rotate, and the rotation of the transmission shaft 1 drives the double lever 2 fixed thereon to rotate, and the rotation of the double lever 2 drives the connecting rod 23 and the bottom door 22 to move, so that the bottom door 22 rotates around the flip structure 21 from the open state to the closed state. When the hinge hole of the end of the double lever 2 and the connecting rod 23 rotates through the horizontal plane where the transmission shaft 1 is located to the position where the center of the hinge hole and the horizontal plane where the transmission shaft 1 are located are at an eccentric distance e across the axis, the third limiting component 15 fixed on the door opening end of the transmission shaft 1 rotates counterclockwise until the protrusion 25 contacts the fourth limiting component 16, and the fixing The fourth limiting component 16 fixedly installed on the door opening side bearing 3 limits the rotation of the third limiting component 15, so that the transmission shaft 1 cannot continue to rotate. In this state, the door closing arm 6 is separated from the ground door closing touch platform and is in the maximum height locking position I. The door closing arm 6 is no longer acted on by external force. The door opening arm 5 is rotated from the full open position H to the unlocking position J. The bottom door 22 is in a closed state. The bottom door 22, which is connected to the double lever 2 through the connecting rod 23 and is in a closed state, generates a rotational torque on the transmission shaft 1. The torque will be offset by the reaction force of the fourth limiting component 16 on the third limiting component 15, so that the transmission shaft 1 is in a torque balance state and no longer rotates, thereby realizing the primary locking function of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism.

[0100] During the process of the door opening arm 5 rotating from the fully open position H to the unlocking position J along with the transmission shaft 1, the limit lock block 11 fixedly installed on the door opening side bearing 3 or the vehicle body is always in the slide groove on the sliding sleeve 12. Since the slide groove on the sliding sleeve 12 is lower than the lower plane of the limit lock block 11, the limit lock block 11 has no limiting effect on the rotation of the sliding sleeve 12. The sliding sleeve 12 installed at the door opening end of the transmission shaft 1 through the flat key 13 rotates along the transmission shaft 1 until its limit notch is aligned with the limit lock block 11, and the limit notch of the sliding sleeve 12 is lower than the lower plane of the limit lock block 11. The limit lock block 11 no longer limits the displacement of the sliding sleeve 12 along the transmission shaft 1. Under the elastic force of the compression spring 14 in a compressed state, the sliding sleeve 12 slides along the transmission shaft 1 toward the door opening arm 5 until it is embedded in the limit lock block 11. The door opening arm 5 enters the limiting gap. Since the door opening arm 5 in the unlocking position J can be rotated around the transmission shaft 1 within a certain range toward the door opening end of the transmission shaft 1, the door opening arm 5 is pushed by the compression spring 14 in the compressed state through the sliding sleeve 12. The door opening arm 5 rotates around the transmission shaft 1 and moves toward the door opening end until its fourth limiting surface F contacts the third limiting surface E on the transmission shaft 1. The door opening arm 5 and the transmission shaft 1 no longer have relative rotation and displacement, and the door opening arm 5 is in the locking position I. In this state, the transmission shaft 1 is always in a force balance state, and the door opening arm 5 will remain in the locking position I. The limiting lock block 11 is embedded in the limiting gap. The limiting lock block 11 plays a role in limiting the rotation of the transmission shaft 1, so that the transmission shaft 1 is in the secondary locking state, thereby realizing the secondary locking function of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism.

[0101] Unlocking and opening process of bottom door opening and closing mechanism:

[0102] When the roller 7 on the door opening arm 5 in the locked position I contacts the door opening touch platform on the ground and rolls upward, the door opening arm 5 rotates from the locked position I to the unlocked position J, and the door opening arm 5 rotates around the transmission shaft 1 toward the door opening side bearing 3. During this process, the movement of the door opening arm 5 will not cause the rotation of the transmission shaft 1, that is, the center of the hinge hole 26 at the end of the double lever 2 maintains an eccentric distance e from the horizontal plane where the transmission shaft 1 is located, and the bottom door opening and closing mechanism is always in the first-level locked state.

[0103] During the process of the door opening arm 5 rotating from the locked position I to the unlocked position J, the door opening arm 5 rotates around the transmission shaft 1 and moves toward the door opening side bearing 3. The second limiting surface C of the door opening arm 5 pushes the sliding sleeve 12 compression spring 14 in contact with it to move along the flat key 13 toward the door opening side bearing 3, so that the limiting notch of the sliding sleeve 12 is separated from the limiting lock block 11. When the door opening arm 5 rotates to the unlocked position J, the sliding sleeve 12 moves until its sliding groove is aligned with the limiting lock block 11, that is, the limiting lock block 11 is in the sliding groove of the sliding sleeve 12. At this time, the sliding groove on the sliding sleeve 12 is lower than the lower plane of the limiting lock block 11, and the limiting lock block 11 no longer has any limiting effect on the rotation of the sliding sleeve 12, thereby achieving the purpose of removing the rotation restriction of the limiting lock block 11 on the sliding sleeve 12 and the transmission shaft 1, and realizing the unlocking of the secondary lock of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism.

[0104] When the door opening arm 5 is in the unlocking position J, the second limiting surface C of the door opening arm 5 rotates inwardly to contact the first limiting surface G of the transmission shaft 1, and the door opening arm 5 and the transmission shaft 1 will no longer have relative rotation and displacement. When the roller 7 on the door opening arm 5 continues to roll upward on the ground door opening touch platform, the door opening arm 5 will drive the transmission shaft 1 to rotate, and the third limiting component 15 rotates and separates from the fourth limiting component 16. The flat key 13 drives the sliding sleeve 12 and the compression spring 14 to rotate with the transmission shaft 1, and the double lever 2 fixed on the transmission shaft 1 rotates. The hinge hole 26 between the end of the double lever 2 and the connecting rod 23 rotates through the axial eccentricity e formed with the horizontal plane where the transmission shaft 1 is located. At this time, the bottom door 22 in the closed state generates a rotational torque on the transmission shaft 1 by relying on gravity, so that the transmission shaft 1 rotates in the door opening direction, thereby realizing the unlocking of the first-level lock of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism. Under the action of the bottom door 22 and the gravity of the cargo, the entire bottom door opening and closing mechanism will automatically rotate to the full open position H, thereby realizing the opening of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism.

[0105] This embodiment also provides a railway hopper car, including: the railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism in this embodiment.

[0106] Specifically, the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the railway hopper car utilizes a clutch limit assembly to realize the locking of the drive shaft 1 after the bottom door 22 is closed, which can effectively prevent the bottom door 22 from opening automatically during the operation of the vehicle, and no additional power or manual operation is required to unlock the door during the door opening process, making the unloading operation simpler. It has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost and reliable operation, which greatly improves the reliability and stability of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the railway hopper car and ensures the transportation safety of the vehicle.

[0107] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism, characterized in that: include: A transmission shaft (1), the transmission shaft (1) being used to connect to the bottom door (22) and drive the bottom door (22) to open and close through a rotational action; A clutch limiter assembly, the clutch limiter assembly comprising a first limiter component and a second limiter component, the first limiter component being fixedly connected to the vehicle body, the second limiter component being movably connected to the transmission shaft (1), the first limiter component engaging with the second limiter component to limit the transmission shaft (1) from rotating in the door opening direction when the transmission shaft (1) moves to the point where the bottom door (22) is completely closed, and the first limiter component and the second limiter component separating when the transmission shaft (1) performs the door opening action.

2. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A door closing arm (6), the door closing arm (6) being connected to the door closing end of the transmission shaft (1) and being used to drive the transmission shaft (1) to rotate in the door opening direction; a door opening arm (5), the door opening arm (5) being connected to the door opening end of the transmission shaft (1) and being used to drive the transmission shaft (1) to rotate in the door closing direction, the second position limiting component being also connected to the door opening arm (5), and the door opening arm (5) driving the second position limiting component to separate from the first position limiting component when performing the door opening action; A reset component is connected to the second position-limiting component and provides a reset force to the second position-limiting component to make the first position-limiting component engage with the second position-limiting component.

3. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second limiting component is slidably arranged on the transmission shaft (1), and the second limiting component engages with or separates from the first limiting component by sliding; The door opening arm (5) is connected to the transmission shaft (1) via a screw-in structure, and the screw-in structure can convert relative rotational motion and relative linear motion between the door opening arm (5) and the transmission shaft (1), and the door opening arm (5) and the transmission shaft (1) only move relative to each other within a set range.

4. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first limiting component is a limiting lock block (11); The second limiting component is a sliding sleeve (12), the sliding sleeve (12) is sleeved on the transmission shaft (1) and is connected to the transmission shaft (1) in a sliding and non-rotatable manner via a flat key (13), a limiting boss (D) is provided on the outer periphery of the sliding sleeve (12), and the limiting boss (D) is formed with a limiting notch that matches the limiting lock block (11); The reset component is a compression spring (14), which is sleeved on the transmission shaft (1), one end of the compression spring (14) is connected to the sliding sleeve (12), and the other end of the compression spring (14) is connected to the transmission shaft (1).

5. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The precession structure comprises: A mounting hole (24), wherein the mounting hole (24) is arranged on the door opening arm (5), and the door opening arm (5) is sleeved on the transmission shaft (1) through the mounting hole (24); A first inclined surface (B) and a second inclined surface (A) that cooperate with each other, wherein the first inclined surface (B) is arranged on the outer surface of the transmission shaft (1), and the second inclined surface (A) is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting hole (24), and the first inclined surface (B) and the second inclined surface (A) are used to convert rotational motion into linear motion; A first limiting surface (G) and a second limiting surface (C) that cooperate with each other, wherein the first limiting surface (G) is arranged on the outer surface of the transmission shaft (1), and the second limiting surface (C) is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting hole, and is used to limit the range of movement of the door opening arm (5) in one direction; A third limiting surface (E) and a fourth limiting surface (F) cooperate with each other, wherein the third limiting surface (E) is arranged on the outer surface of the transmission shaft (1), and the fourth limiting surface (F) is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting hole, and is used to limit the range of movement of the door opening arm (5) in another direction.

6. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A connecting rod mechanism, wherein the transmission shaft (1) is connected to the bottom door (22) via the connecting rod mechanism.

7. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The connecting rod mechanism comprises: at least one double lever (2), the double lever (2) being fixedly connected to the transmission shaft (1); At least one pair of connecting rods (23), the end of the double lever (2) is hinged to one end of the connecting rod (23) to form a hinge hole (26), the other end of the connecting rod (23) is hinged to the lower part of the bottom door (22), and when the transmission shaft (1) rotates, it drives the bottom door (22) to flip around the flip structure (21) on the upper part of the bottom door (22).

8. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: a third limiting component (15), the third limiting component (15) being fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission shaft (1) and provided with a protrusion (25), A fourth limiting component (16), wherein the fourth limiting component (16) is fixedly connected to the vehicle body, and when the third limiting component (15) contacts the fourth limiting component (16), the bottom door (22) is in a closed position and the hinge hole (24) and the axis of the transmission shaft (1) form an eccentric distance (e).

9. The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A door opening side bearing (3), the door opening end of the transmission shaft (1) is rotatably mounted on the vehicle body via the door opening side bearing (3); A door closing side bearing (4), the door closing end of the transmission shaft (1) is rotatably mounted on the vehicle body via the door closing side bearing (4).

10. A railway hopper car, characterized in that: include: The railway hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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