Efficient quenching oil based on coal gas base oil as well as preparation method and application of efficient quenching oil

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal processing, and discloses efficient quenching oil based on coal gas base oil as well as a preparation method and application of the efficient quenching oil. The quenching oil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 81-94 parts of coal gas base oil, 4-10 parts of a cooling accelerant, 0.5-3 parts of a brightener, 1-3 parts of an antirust agent, 0.4-2.0 parts of an antioxidant and 0.1-1 part of a metal deactivator, the cooling accelerant comprises polyisobutene and petroleum resin in a mass ratio of 1: (0.5-3); the average molecular weight of the polyisobutene is 950 Da to 2400 Da. The quenching oil has excellent cooling performance, viscosity-temperature performance, brightness performance, anti-rust performance and thermal oxidation stability, can be applied to quenching treatment of various different metal materials such as steel, aluminum alloy and copper alloy, and meets the requirements of different industries for the quality and performance of quenched parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing and discloses a high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Quenching is an extremely important part of the heat treatment process. It changes the internal structure of steel to obtain martensitic structure and improves the physical properties of steel to obtain comprehensive good mechanical properties by performing specific heat treatment and rapid cooling on steel. With the improvement of the design strength of mechanical parts, the heat treatment requirements for parts are also getting higher and higher. Quenching oil plays a vital role in the quenching process. As the cooling medium required for metal parts during heat treatment, it directly affects the quenching effect and the mechanical properties of steel.

[0003] However, existing quenching oil products generally have the following disadvantages: (1) The existing quenching oil has poor cooling performance, resulting in incomplete austenite transformation, which affects the hardness and wear resistance of the quenched parts; (2) The existing quenching oil has poor viscosity-temperature performance, resulting in poor cooling stability during quenching and uneven hardness of parts after quenching; (3) The existing quenching oil has poor glossiness, resulting in blackening or colored spots on the surface of parts after quenching, affecting the appearance quality and surface performance of the quenched parts; (4) The existing quenching oil has poor thermal oxidation stability, which makes the quenching oil susceptible to oxidation reactions caused by high temperature and oxygen during use, generating harmful substances such as asphaltene, colloid and sludge, reducing the cooling capacity and stability of the quenching oil, and resulting in problems such as short service life of the quenching oil products.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of environmentally friendly and efficient quenching oil with excellent cooling performance, viscosity-temperature performance, bright performance and thermal oxidation stability. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-to-gas base oil and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 81-94 parts of coal gas base oil, 4-10 parts of catalyzer, 0.5-3 parts of brightener, 1-3 parts of rust inhibitor, 0.4-2.0 parts of antioxidant, and 0.1-1 parts of metal passivator; the catalyzer comprises polyisobutylene and petroleum resin in a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-3); the average molecular weight of the polyisobutylene is 950Da-2400Da.

[0008] The high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil obtained by compounding coal gas base oil, catalytic refrigerant, brightener, rust inhibitor, antioxidant and metal passivator has excellent cooling performance, viscosity-temperature performance, brightening performance and thermal oxidation stability. Among them, the present invention uses coal-to-gas base oil produced by first converting coal into synthesis gas and then using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology as the base oil. Its quality and performance are better than traditional base oils, and it can meet higher standards of quenching requirements. In addition, the useful components in the coal are fully utilized in the process of converting coal into synthesis gas and then further into base oil, thereby achieving effective utilization of resources and energy conservation. At the same time, the present invention uses polyisobutylene with a specific molecular weight and petroleum resin in a specific proportion as a refrigeration agent to adjust the viscosity and fluidity of the quenching oil so that the quenching oil forms a thinner oil film on the metal surface, accelerates the heat transfer and the cooling rate of the metal, and further cooperates with other components to give the quenching oil good stability, cooling performance, viscosity-temperature performance and rust prevention performance. In addition, the quenching oil compounded by the components of the present invention not only meets the requirements of various complex quenching processes of metals, ensures that the quenched parts obtain an ideal organizational structure during the quenching process, and improves their hardness and wear resistance, but also enables the quenched parts to obtain a uniform cooling effect during the quenching process to avoid deformation and cracking.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention, it includes the following components in parts by weight: 84-87 parts of coal gas base oil, 8-9 parts of catalyzer, 2.5-2 parts of brightener, 2.5-2 parts of rust inhibitor, 0.4-1.6 parts of antioxidant, and 0.4-0.6 parts of metal passivator.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention, the mass ratio of the polyisobutylene to the petroleum resin is 1:(1-3).

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the polyisobutylene to the petroleum resin is any one of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 or a range value between the two.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-to-gas base oil of the present invention, the average molecular weight of the polyisobutylene is 1300 Da.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention, the viscosity index of the coal gas base oil is ≥140, and the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is 16 mm 2 / s-20mm 2 / s.

[0014] Preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the coal-to-gas base oil at 40°C is 17.5 mm 2 / s.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil described in the present invention, the antioxidant includes an amine antioxidant and a phenolic antioxidant in a mass ratio of 1:(0.8-1.5); the amine antioxidant includes at least one of phenyl-α-naphthylamine, p-,p-diisooctyldiphenylamine, and a diphenylamine derivative; the phenolic antioxidant includes at least one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, and a sterically hindered phenol derivative.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the amine antioxidant to the phenolic antioxidant is any one of 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, 1:1.5 or a range value between two of them.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention, the rust inhibitor is calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention, the metal passivator is a thiadiazole derivative.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention, the brightener includes at least one of imidazoline oleate, terpene resin and oleoyl sarcosine.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil in metal processing.

[0021] The high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention fully demonstrates its remarkable advantages in improving the quality of quenched parts, extending the service life of quenching oil and meeting environmental protection requirements by virtue of its excellent oxidation stability, cooling stability, rust and corrosion resistance and environmental protection. It can be used for quenching various workpieces with medium and low hardenability steels, such as forged steel parts, gears, bearings, standard parts, hardware tools and elastic parts. At the same time, it can also be used for quenching treatment of various different metal materials, such as steel, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, etc., to meet the requirements of different industries for the quality and performance of quenched parts.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil, comprising the following steps: mixing the coal gas base oil, a cooling agent, a brightener, a rust inhibitor, an antioxidant, and a metal passivator, and stirring.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention, the stirring temperature is 40° C.-65° C., and the stirring time is 2 h-4 h.

[0024] Preferably, the stirring temperature is any one of 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C or a range between two thereof, and the stirring time is any one of 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h, 4h or a range between two thereof.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention, the stirring speed is 1200r / min-2500r / min.

[0026] Preferably, the stirring speed is any one of 1200 r / min, 1500 r / min, 1800 r / min, 2100 r / min, 2300 r / min, 2500 r / min, or a range value between two of them.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: first, the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention adopts a specific component, which has excellent oxidation stability, high viscosity index, high flash point and low evaporation loss, and effectively solves the problems of poor oxidation stability, low flash point, easy ignition during the quenching process of the existing quenching oil, and short service life. Secondly, the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention ensures that it has excellent cooling performance and excellent cooling stability, and can ensure that the hardness of the parts after quenching is uniform during the quenching process, thereby improving production efficiency. At the same time, the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal gas base oil of the present invention has excellent anti-rust and anti-corrosion properties, which can effectively protect and extend the service life of the workpiece and reduce the performance degradation caused by corrosion. In addition, the preparation method of the quenching oil of the present invention does not require special processes and equipment, is easy to operate, can realize industrial production, and meet large-scale processing needs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] The following is an elaboration in conjunction with specific embodiments to illustrate the practical effects of the solutions of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples are all conventional methods; the materials, reagents, equipment, etc. used, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0031] The raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are described as follows, but are not limited to these materials:

[0032] Table 1: Raw materials and manufacturers

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Example 1: Quenching oil

[0036] The quenching oil of this embodiment includes: 84 parts of CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, 4.5 parts of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1300 Daltons, 4.5 parts of petroleum resin, 2.5 parts of terpene resin, 2.5 parts of calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, 0.8 parts of phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.8 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, and 0.4 parts of thiadiazole derivatives.

[0037] At 45°C and 1500r / min, polyisobutylene, petroleum resin, terpene resin, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and thiadiazole derivatives were added to CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, and then stirred for 2.5 hours, allowed to stand for 2.5 hours, and quenching oil was obtained by filtering and packaging.

[0038] Example 2: Quenching oil

[0039] The quenching oil of this embodiment includes: 81 parts of CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, 5 parts of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 950 Daltons, 5 parts of petroleum resin, 3 parts of imidazoline oleate, 3 parts of calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, 1 part of diphenylamine derivative, 1 part of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 1 part of thiadiazole derivative.

[0040] At 40°C and 1200r / min stirring, add polyisobutylene, petroleum resin, imidazoline oleate, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, diphenylamine derivatives, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and thiadiazole derivatives into CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, then stir for 2h, let stand for 2h, and obtain quenching oil by filtering and packaging.

[0041] Example 3: Quenching oil

[0042] The quenching oil of this embodiment includes: 87 parts of CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, 4 parts of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 2400 Daltons, 4 parts of petroleum resin, 2 parts of oleoyl sarcosine, 2 parts of calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, 0.2 parts of p-diisooctyl diphenylamine, 0.2 parts of sterically hindered phenol derivatives, and 0.6 parts of thiadiazole derivatives.

[0043] At 50°C and 1800r / min, polyisobutylene, petroleum resin, oleoylsarcosine, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, p-,p-diisooctyldiphenylamine, sterically hindered phenol derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives were added to CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, then stirred for 3 hours, allowed to stand for 3 hours, and quenching oil was obtained by filtering and packaging.

[0044] Example 4: Quenching oil

[0045] The quenching oil of this embodiment includes: 90 parts of CTL4 coal gas base oil, 3 parts of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 950 Dalton, 3 parts of petroleum resin, 1.5 parts of imidazoline oleate, 1.5 parts of calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, 0.4 parts of diphenylamine derivatives, 0.4 parts of sterically hindered phenol derivatives, and 0.2 parts of EIco461 metal passivator.

[0046] At 55°C and 2100r / min, polyisobutylene, petroleum resin, imidazoline oleate, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, diphenylamine derivatives, sterically hindered phenol derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives were added to CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, and then stirred for 3.5 hours and allowed to stand for 3.5 hours. High-efficiency quenching oil was obtained by filtering and packaging.

[0047] Example 5: Quenching oil

[0048] The quenching oil of this embodiment includes: 92 parts of CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, 2.5 parts of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1300 Daltons, 2.5 parts of petroleum resin, 0.5 parts of terpene resin, 1.2 parts of calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, 0.6 parts of diphenylamine derivatives, 0.6 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, and 0.1 parts of thiadiazole derivatives.

[0049] At 60°C and 2300r / min, polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1300, petroleum resin, terpene resin, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, diphenylamine derivatives, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and thiadiazole derivatives were added to CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, then stirred for 4 hours and allowed to stand for 4 hours. High-efficiency quenching oil was obtained by filtering and packaging.

[0050] Example 6: Quenching oil

[0051] The quenching oil of this embodiment includes: 94 parts of CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, 2 parts of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 2400 Daltons, 2 parts of petroleum resin, 0.5 parts of oleoyl sarcosine, 1 part of calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, 0.2 parts of p-diisooctyldiphenylamine, 0.2 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.1 parts of thiadiazole derivatives.

[0052] At 65°C and 2500r / min stirring, add polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 2400, petroleum resin, oleoyl sarcosine, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, p-diisooctyldiphenylamine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and thiadiazole derivatives into CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil, then stir for 4 hours, let stand for 4 hours, and obtain high-efficiency quenching oil after filtering and packaging.

[0053] Example 7: Quenching oil

[0054] The only difference between the quenching oil in this embodiment and that in embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of the polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1300 Daltons to the petroleum resin is 1:3.

[0055] Example 8: Quenching oil

[0056] The only difference between the quenching oil of this embodiment and that of embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of the polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1300 Daltons to the petroleum resin is 1:0.5.

[0057] Example 9: Quenching oil

[0058] The only difference between the quenching oil in this embodiment and that in embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of phenyl-α-naphthylamine to 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is 1:0.8.

[0059] Example 10: Quenching oil

[0060] The only difference between the quenching oil of this embodiment and that of embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of phenyl-α-naphthylamine to 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is 1:1.5.

[0061] Comparative Example 1: Quenching Oil

[0062] The only difference between the quenching oil in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that the mineral-based base oil 100N of the same viscosity grade is used instead of the CTL4 coal-to-gas base oil.

[0063] Comparative Example 2: Quenching Oil

[0064] The only difference between the quenching oil in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that 4.5 parts of polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of 1300 Daltons are not used.

[0065] Comparative Example 3: Quenching Oil

[0066] The only difference between the quenching oil in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that 4.5 parts of petroleum resin are not used.

[0067] Comparative Example 4: Quenching Oil

[0068] The only difference between the quenching oil in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that 0.8 parts of phenyl-α-naphthylamine is not used.

[0069] Comparative Example 5: Quenching Oil

[0070] The only difference between the quenching oil in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that 0.8 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is not used.

[0071] Comparative Example 6: Quenching Oil

[0072] The only difference between the quenching oil in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that the mass ratio of the polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1300 Daltons to the petroleum resin is 1:0.1.

[0073] Comparative Example 7: Quenching Oil

[0074] The only difference between the quenching oil in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that the mass ratio of the polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1300 Daltons to the petroleum resin is 1:5.

[0075] Test example: Physical and chemical indicators and performance test of quenching oil

[0076] According to the standard requirements of SH / T0564-93 "Standard Heat Treatment Oil for Petrochemical Industry of the People's Republic of China", the physical and chemical indicators of the quenching oils of the embodiments of the present invention and the comparative examples were evaluated.

[0077] The performance of the quenching oils of the embodiments of the present invention and the comparative examples was measured according to GB / T30823-2014 “Nickel Alloy Probe Test Method for Determining Cooling Performance of Industrial Quenching Oils”.

[0078] Table 2: Physical and chemical indicators and performance test results of quenching oil in the embodiment of the present invention

[0079]

[0080] Table 3: Physical and chemical indicators and performance test results of comparative quenching oil of the present invention

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 and Table 3 that the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-to-gas base oil prepared by using a specific content of components in the embodiment of the present invention has excellent cooling performance, and the maximum cooling rate Vmax is stable between 120.9°C / s-128.6°C / s. This stable cooling rate range ensures the consistency and controllability of the quenching process, and helps to obtain high-quality quenching effect; at the same time, the brightness is all level 1, indicating that the quenching oil in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively maintain the brightness of the workpiece surface during the quenching process, reduce or avoid surface oxidation and pollution; and at 100°C, the quenching oil of the present invention exhibits excellent rust prevention performance for both steel sheets and copper sheets. In addition, the quenching oil of the present invention has excellent thermal stability and thermal oxidation stability, and its viscosity ratio is between 1.05-1.09; the residual carbon increase value is 1.12%-1.16%, which indicates that the quenching oil of the present invention has good fluidity and uniformity during the quenching process and is not prone to excessive carbon deposition and sediment, which helps to maintain the cleanliness and stability of the quenching oil.

[0084] Compared with Example 1, the quenching oil in Comparative Example 1 does not use coal gas base oil, so that the overall performance of the quenching oil in Comparative Example 1 is worse than that of the quenching oil of the present invention; the quenching oils in Comparative Examples 2, 3 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7 do not use a compound of polyisobutylene and petroleum resin or the mass ratio thereof is not 1: (0.5-3), so that the cooling performance and anti-rust performance of the quenching oil are poor; the quenching oils in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 do not use a compound of amine antioxidants and phenolic antioxidants, so that their thermal stability is poor.

[0085] It can be seen that the quenching oil made of the specific content components of the present invention has excellent cooling performance, rust prevention performance, bright performance and thermal stability. During the quenching process, it can effectively maintain the brightness of the surface of the quenched part, reduce or avoid surface oxidation and corrosion, ensure the processing quality and subsequent use performance of the material, ensure the consistency and controllability of the quenching process, improve the hardness and strength of the quenched part, maintain the stability of its performance at high temperature, and is not prone to decomposition and oxidation, thereby ensuring the reliability and safety of the quenching process and improving the quality stability of the quenched part.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 81-94 parts of coal gas base oil, 4-10 parts of refrigeration agent, 0.5-3 parts of brightener, 1-3 parts of rust inhibitor, 0.4-2.0 parts of antioxidant and 0.1-1 parts of metal passivator; the refrigeration agent comprises polyisobutylene and petroleum resin in a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-3); the average molecular weight of the polyisobutylene is 950Da-2400Da.

2. The high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 84-87 parts of coal gas base oil, 8-9 parts of cooling agent, 2.5-2 parts of brightener, 2.5-2 parts of rust inhibitor, 0.4-1.6 parts of antioxidant and 0.4-0.6 parts of metal passivator.

3. The high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the polyisobutylene to the petroleum resin is 1:(1-3).

4. The high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average molecular weight of the polyisobutylene is 1300 Da.

5. The high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viscosity index of the coal-to-gas base oil is ≥140, and the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is 16 mm 2 / s-20mm 2 / s.

6. The high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant comprises an amine antioxidant and a phenolic antioxidant in a mass ratio of 1:(0.8-1.5); the amine antioxidant comprises at least one of phenyl-α-naphthylamine, p-,p-diisooctyldiphenylamine, and diphenylamine derivatives; the phenolic antioxidant comprises at least one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, and sterically hindered phenol derivatives.

7. The high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brightener comprises at least one of imidazoline oleate, terpene resin and oleoyl sarcosine.

8. Use of the high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-to-gas base oil according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in metal processing.

9. The method for preparing a high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-to-gas base oil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The coal-to-gas base oil, cooling agent, brightener, rust inhibitor, antioxidant and metal passivator are mixed and stirred to obtain the product.

10. The method for preparing high-efficiency quenching oil based on coal-gas base oil according to claim 9, characterized in that: The stirring temperature is 40°C-65°C, and the stirring time is 2h-4h.

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