Laser cladding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser cladding method, which relates to the technical field of laser cladding. The laser cladding method is used to clamp a workpiece on a positioner, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1, clamping the workpiece by a clamping part on the positioner; S2, mechanical arms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioner, and the motion trajectory of the mechanical arms is determined by planning through a control module; S3, preheating the workpiece by a heating component installed on the positioner; S4, the mechanical arm realizes cladding processing of the workpiece through its working end according to the set motion trajectory. During the cladding processing, the cladding temperature is monitored in real time by a temperature control sensing unit installed on the positioner, and the temperature control of the heating component is adjusted in real time according to the monitored cladding temperature. The preheating of the heating component can reduce the temperature gradient between the cladding layer and the substrate, reduce cracks caused by thermal expansion and contraction, improve the quality of the cladding layer, and monitor and adjust the temperature in real time during the cladding process to improve the accuracy and quality of the cladding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and more particularly to a laser cladding method and a cladding method. Background Art

[0002] In the existing laser cladding technology, the workpiece is usually fixed in a static position for cladding treatment. Although this method is simple, it has some technical problems;

[0003] Since the workpiece is static, determining the cladding path usually requires complex manual measurements and calculations, and once determined, it is difficult to adjust during the cladding process. This not only increases the complexity of the operation, but also limits the accuracy and flexibility of the cladding;

[0004] In the laser cladding process, preheating and temperature control of the workpiece are crucial to the cladding quality. However, existing cladding methods often make it difficult to preheat the workpiece evenly and effectively, and lack real-time temperature monitoring and adjustment mechanisms during the cladding process, resulting in unstable quality of the cladding layer and prone to defects such as cracks and pores.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a laser cladding method that can monitor the cladding temperature in real time and adjust the temperature control in time is a problem that technical personnel in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a laser cladding method, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A laser cladding method is used to clamp a workpiece on a positioner, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1, holding the workpiece by a clamping part on the positioner;

[0010] S2. Mechanical arms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioner, and the motion trajectory of the mechanical arms is determined by planning through the control module;

[0011] S3, preheating the workpiece by means of a heating component installed on the positioner;

[0012] S4. The robot arm performs cladding processing on the workpiece through its working end according to the set motion trajectory. During the cladding processing, the cladding temperature is monitored in real time by the temperature control sensing unit installed on the positioner, and the temperature control of the heating component is adjusted in real time according to the monitored cladding temperature.

[0013] Through the above technical scheme, the present invention provides a laser cladding method, the heating component can preheat the workpiece, quickly increase the temperature of the workpiece to make it reach a temperature range suitable for laser cladding, preheating can reduce the temperature gradient between the cladding layer and the substrate, reduce cracks and pores caused by thermal expansion and contraction, thereby improving the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate, which helps to reduce thermal stress in the laser cladding process and improve the quality and performance of the cladding layer. The positioner clamps the workpiece and plans the motion trajectory of the robot arm through the control module, driving its working end to realize cladding processing of the workpiece, and cooperates with the heating component to preheat the workpiece, and monitors and adjusts the temperature in real time during the cladding process, thereby improving the accuracy and quality of the cladding.

[0014] Preferably, in the above-mentioned laser cladding method, the clamping part is a chuck, the chuck is detachably connected to the positioner, a plurality of movable claws are slidably connected to the chuck, and a clamping space is formed between the plurality of movable claws for clamping the workpiece. The clamping space formed by the plurality of movable claws can be adjusted by the driving part, so as to adapt to workpieces of different sizes, thereby enhancing the adaptability and stability of the clamping.

[0015] Preferably, in the above laser cladding method, the heating component is an electromagnetic induction heating coil, and the electromagnetic induction heating coil cover is arranged outside the workpiece. The electromagnetic induction heating coil allows the workpiece to be uniformly preheated before cladding, thereby improving the cladding efficiency and quality.

[0016] Preferably, in the above-mentioned laser cladding method, the electromagnetic induction heating coil is installed on the positioner through a bracket.

[0017] Preferably, in the above-mentioned laser cladding method, the temperature control sensing unit is installed on the positioner through a bracket, which provides a stable support for real-time monitoring of the cladding temperature, improves the stability and reliability of temperature monitoring, ensures the accuracy of temperature control during the cladding process, and thus improves the quality of the cladding layer.

[0018] Preferably, in the above-mentioned laser cladding method, the temperature control sensing unit adopts a two-color thermometer. Using a two-color thermometer as a temperature control sensing unit provides high-precision temperature measurement, which helps to achieve more precise temperature control, thereby improving the quality and uniformity of the cladding layer.

[0019] Preferably, in the above-mentioned laser cladding method, the robot arm is a six-degree-of-freedom robot arm, and a cladding head is installed at its working end. The application of the six-degree-of-freedom robot arm enables the cladding head to perform more complex motion trajectories, improves the flexibility and accuracy of cladding, and can meet the requirements of complex cladding paths, especially when processing workpieces with complex shapes.

[0020] Preferably, in the above-mentioned laser cladding method, a powder feeding mechanism is further included, the powder feeding mechanism is located on one side of the positioner, and its powder outlet end is connected to the cladding head through a connecting pipeline. The connection between the powder feeding mechanism and the cladding head realizes the precise delivery of powder material, which is crucial to the uniformity and quality of the cladding layer, and improves the efficiency and effect of the cladding process.

[0021] Preferably, in the above laser cladding method, the nozzle at the end of the cladding head is a multi-channel annular nozzle. The multi-channel annular nozzle structure can more evenly distribute powder and laser energy, further improving the quality and uniformity of the cladding layer.

[0022] Preferably, in the above-mentioned laser cladding method, the positioner has a rotating part for driving the chuck to rotate circumferentially, and an adjusting driving part for adjusting the angle of the chuck.

[0023] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a laser cladding method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention can achieve high-precision cladding processing on the surface of complex workpieces and improve the uniformity and density of the cladding layer through the precise control of the robot arm and the flexible movement of the cladding head; the heating component can preheat the workpiece and quickly increase the temperature of the workpiece to a temperature range suitable for laser cladding. Preheating can reduce the temperature gradient between the cladding layer and the substrate, reduce cracks and pores caused by thermal expansion and contraction, thereby improving the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate, which helps to reduce thermal stress in the laser cladding process and improve the quality and performance of the cladding layer. The cladding temperature is monitored in real time through the temperature control sensing unit so that the temperature control can be adjusted according to actual conditions to ensure the cladding quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 The accompanying drawing is a flow chart of the laser cladding method provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of the structures of the positioner, the mechanical arm and the heating assembly provided by the present invention.

[0028] in:

[0029] 1-Workpiece;

[0030] 2-Positioner;

[0031] 21- clamping part;

[0032] 3-Robotic arm;

[0033] 31- cladding head;

[0034] 4- Heating component;

[0035] 5-Temperature control sensing unit;

[0036] 6- Powder feeding mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Participate in the Figure 1-2 The embodiment of the present invention discloses a laser cladding method for clamping a workpiece 1 on a positioner 2, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0039] S1, holding the workpiece 1 by the clamping part 21 on the positioner 2;

[0040] S2, mechanical arms 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioner 2, and the motion trajectory of the mechanical arms 3 is determined by planning through the control module;

[0041] S3, preheating the workpiece 1 by means of the heating assembly 4 installed on the positioner 2;

[0042] S4, the robot arm 3 realizes cladding processing on the workpiece 1 through its working end according to the set motion trajectory. During the cladding process, the cladding temperature is monitored in real time by the temperature control sensing unit 5 installed on the positioner 2, and the temperature control of the heating component 4 is adjusted in real time according to the monitored cladding temperature.

[0043] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the robot arm 3 is provided with a visual detection unit, which can obtain various parameters of the workpiece repair surface and can feed back the acquired parameters to the control module. The control module coordinates the motion trajectory of the robot arm to drive the cladding head to perform cladding processing on the workpiece.

[0044] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the control module is a programming control software for planning the motion trajectory of the robot arm 3.

[0045] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the two mechanical arms 3 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioner 2 can work together according to actual conditions to improve work efficiency; at the same time, they can also be controlled individually to operate, thereby improving the flexibility of the cladding process.

[0046] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the clamping part 21 is a chuck, which is detachably connected to the positioner 2 , and a plurality of movable claws are slidably connected to the chuck, and a clamping space is formed between the plurality of movable claws for clamping the workpiece 1 .

[0047] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the heating component 4 is an electromagnetic induction heating coil, and the electromagnetic induction heating coil cover is arranged on the outside of the workpiece 1.

[0048] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the electromagnetic induction heating coil is installed on the positioner 2 through a bracket.

[0049] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the temperature control sensing unit 5 is installed on the positioner 2 through a bracket.

[0050] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the temperature control sensing unit 5 adopts a two-color thermometer.

[0051] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the robot arm 3 is a six-degree-of-freedom robot arm, and a cladding head 31 is installed at its working end.

[0052] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, a powder feeding mechanism 6 is further included. The powder feeding mechanism 6 is located at one side of the positioner 2, and its powder outlet end is connected to the cladding head 31 through a connecting pipeline.

[0053] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, a powder property monitoring system is integrated in the powder feeding mechanism 6 to analyze key properties of the powder such as particle size, humidity and fluidity in real time to ensure that the powder quality meets the cladding requirements and improve the uniformity and adhesion of the cladding layer.

[0054] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, a laser and a chiller are also included, which work together with a powder feeding mechanism and a robotic arm to achieve cladding processing.

[0055] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the nozzle at the end of the cladding head 31 adopts a multi-channel annular nozzle.

[0056] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the positioner 2 has a rotating part for driving the chuck to rotate circumferentially, and an adjusting driving part for adjusting the angle of the chuck; Figure 2 As shown, the chuck is in a vertical state, and the clamped workpiece 1 is in a horizontal state, parallel to the ground. The adjusting drive unit can drive the chuck to rotate, thereby driving the workpiece 1 to form an angle with the ground, or to be perpendicular to the ground, to ensure the flexibility and accuracy of the cladding process.

[0057] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, a control operation platform is also included, which can adjust the parameters such as the running trajectory, running speed, heating time, heating temperature, powder feeding speed, etc. of each actuator to ensure the cladding quality.

[0058] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0059] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A laser cladding method, characterized in that: The method is used to clamp a workpiece (1) on a positioner (2), and specifically comprises the following steps: S1, holding the workpiece (1) by means of a clamping portion (21) on the positioner (2); S2, mechanical arms (3) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioner (2), and the movement trajectory of the mechanical arms (3) is determined by planning through a control module; S3, preheating the workpiece (1) by means of a heating component (4) installed on the positioner (2); S4, the robot arm (3) realizes cladding processing on the workpiece (1) through its working end according to the set motion trajectory. During the cladding processing, the cladding temperature is monitored in real time by the temperature control sensing unit (5) installed on the positioner (2), and the temperature control of the heating component (4) is adjusted in real time according to the monitored cladding temperature.

2. A laser cladding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping portion (21) is a chuck, which is detachably connected to the positioner (2), and a plurality of movable claws are slidably connected to the chuck, with a clamping space formed between the plurality of movable claws for clamping the workpiece (1).

3. A laser cladding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating component (4) comprises an electromagnetic induction heating coil, and the electromagnetic induction heating coil cover is arranged on the outside of the workpiece (1).

4. A laser cladding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electromagnetic induction heating coil is mounted on the positioner (2) via a bracket.

5. The laser cladding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control sensing unit (5) is installed on the positioner (2) via a bracket.

6. The laser cladding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control sensing unit (5) adopts a two-color temperature measuring instrument.

7. The laser cladding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical arm (3) is a six-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm, and a cladding head (31) is installed at its working end.

8. A laser cladding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also comprises a powder feeding mechanism (6), the powder feeding mechanism (6) being located on one side of the positioner (2), and a powder outlet end thereof being connected to the cladding head (31) via a connecting pipeline.

9. A laser cladding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The nozzle at the end of the cladding head (31) is a multi-channel annular nozzle.

10. A laser cladding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioner (2) is provided with a rotating part for driving the chuck to rotate in a circumferential direction, and an adjusting driving part for adjusting the angle of the chuck.

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