Mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complicated geological conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses a mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions, and belongs to the technical field of mining. The method comprises the steps that a blasting hole is drilled through a drilling device; explosive is loaded from the blasting hole through an explosive loading device; the ore removal chamber is manufactured by adopting a blasting mode of a connecting pipe blasting gun; the false roof above the chamber is removed and cleaned; a combined support top plate is mounted after the false roof is completely uncovered; after the combined support top plate is mounted, adopting a withdrawal mode to withdraw for 2m along the trend of the ore body; and the steps are cycled in sequence till the stoping boundary is reached through stoping. The method has the beneficial effects of preventing the false roof in the chamber from falling to hurt personnel and equipment, ensuring the safety of life and property of staff and company assets, preventing the false roof from being mixed into the ore, and reducing the dilution rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a mining method that effectively ensures safety under complex geological conditions. Background Art

[0002] With the progress of society, the demand for mineral resources has gradually increased, which has promoted the initial development of mining technology. Medium-deep hole blasting technology has become the mainstream method of large-scale mining.

[0003] However, after the mine chamber is formed, the unstable rock strata between the ore body and the surrounding rock often become a safety hazard. Although a combined support roof is used for protection, the actual effect is still unsatisfactory. If not handled in time, it may collapse during the subsequent mining process, endangering the safety of the operators. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a mining method that effectively ensures safety under complex geological conditions.

[0005] The technical solution provided in this application is described below:

[0006] The first aspect of the present application provides a mining method that effectively ensures safety under complex geological conditions:

[0007] The method comprises:

[0008] Drilling blast holes using a drilling device;

[0009] Loading explosives from the blasting hole through a charging device;

[0010] The mine room was created by blasting with a tube-blasting cannon;

[0011] Remove and clean the false roof above the mine room;

[0012] After the false roof is removed, the combined support roof plate is installed;

[0013] After the combined support roof is installed, the mining is withdrawn 2m along the ore body.

[0014] The above steps are repeated in sequence until mining is withdrawn to the mining boundary.

[0015] Optionally, according to the mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the combined support roof comprises:

[0016] Top plate, beams, anchor rods, anchor nets and anchor cables;

[0017] The anchor cable is perpendicular to the top plate, and the anchor rods are installed on both sides of the bottom of the top plate, and the anchor rods are used to support the top plate;

[0018] The two sides of the mine room are supported by anchor rods;

[0019] The anchor nets are laid on the roof and the two sides of the mine room, the top anchor net is close to the roof, and the anchor nets on the two sides of the mine room are close to the coal wall;

[0020] Each row of the anchor rods is connected and fixed by using the cross beam.

[0021] Optionally, according to the mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the depth of the blasting hole is 20m to 28m.

[0022] Optionally, according to the mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the strike length of the mine chamber is 20m, the dip length is more than 25m, and the inclination angle of the ore body is 25° to 32°.

[0023] Optionally, according to the mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the drilling device is a deep hole trolley.

[0024] Optionally, according to the mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the charging device is a charging trolley.

[0025] Optionally, according to the mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions as described in claim 2, it is characterized in that the specifications of the combined support roof are as follows:

[0026] Anchor rod length: 1.9m, anchor net specifications: 2m*2m, anchor net grid specifications: 100mm*100mm, anchor cable specifications: 4.3m.

[0027] Optionally, according to the mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the withdrawal method includes mining back to the tunnel starting from the boundary of the ore bed.

[0028] Optionally, according to the mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that before withdrawing mining to the mining boundary, it also includes: reinforcing the mining boundary.

[0029] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that this application has the following advantages:

[0030] 1. Prevent the false roof in the mine from falling and injuring personnel and equipment, ensuring the safety of employees' lives and property and company assets.

[0031] 2. Prevent false tops from mixing into the ore and reduce the depletion rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a safe mining method provided in the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined support top plate provided in this application;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of another embodiment of the safe mining method provided in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only used to illustrate the relative positional relationships between the various components or components, and do not particularly limit the specific installation orientations of the various components or components.

[0037] In addition, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationship. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] In addition, the terms "installed", "set", "provided with", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] In addition, the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. drawn in the drawings in the present application are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for the technical personnel in this field to understand and read, and are not used to limit the restrictive conditions under which the present application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present application without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present application.

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] After the mine room is formed, the false roof formed by the unstable rock layer between the ore body and the surrounding rock often becomes a safety hazard for mining operations. Although the combined support roof is used for protection, the phenomenon of false roof falling still occurs, endangering the safety of operators and causing damage to equipment. After the false roof falls, the ore and waste rock are mixed, resulting in a lower content of useful minerals than in the ore body, leading to a waste of mineral resources and reduced economic benefits.

[0042] First, the terms that may be used in this application are explained in detail:

[0043] Blasting hole: refers to the hole drilled on the blasted object such as rock, soil layer, etc. by a drilling rig or rock drill, and used to load explosives for blasting operations.

[0044] Linked blasting: In mining blasting operations, in order to improve blasting efficiency and effectiveness, it is often necessary to detonate multiple blastholes simultaneously or in a specific order. To achieve this, various connecting devices, such as detonating cords and detonating cords, are used to connect the explosives in each blasthole to form a blasting network. When this network is triggered, a series of continuous explosions will be triggered.

[0045] False roof: A thin rock layer located between the ore layer and the direct roof that is extremely easy to collapse. The rock types of the false roof are mostly carbonaceous shale or carbonaceous mudstone. The strength and stability of these rocks are relatively low. The thickness of the false roof is generally not large, usually only a few centimeters to tens of centimeters, and sometimes it may reach 0.3 to 0.5 meters.

[0046] Retreat mining: Retreat mining is a mining method commonly used in the normal mining process of coal mines and non-coal mines. It refers to mining from the boundary of the ore deposit back to the tunnel.

[0047] See also Figure 1The present application first provides an embodiment of a mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions, the embodiment comprising:

[0048] S101, drilling a blasting hole using a drilling device;

[0049] The operator uses a drilling device to drill blasting holes at corresponding positions on the ore body to prepare for subsequent charging work. The drilling device can be a drilling trolley

[0050] S102, loading explosives into the blasting hole through a charging device;

[0051] The operator uses a charging device to load explosives into the blast hole and checks the charging position to prevent excess explosives from leaking out. The charging device may be a charging trolley.

[0052] S103, using the blasting method of linked-tube blasting guns to create a mine room;

[0053] Operators use a tube-fired blasting method to create a mine room of appropriate size, and then they can start mining operations.

[0054] S104, removing and cleaning the false roof above the mine room;

[0055] Before installing the combined support roof, the operator should first remove the false roof above the mine room to ensure safety during the ore recovery process, prevent the false roof from falling and injuring the operators and equipment when withdrawing from mining in the mine room, prevent the false roof from falling and mixing into the ore, and reduce the depletion rate.

[0056] S105, after the false roof is uncovered, a combined support roof plate is installed;

[0057] After removing the false roof above the mine room, the operators will also install a combined support roof to prevent the roof of the mine room from collapsing and protect the operators and equipment.

[0058] S106, after the combined support roof is installed, the mining is withdrawn by 2m along the ore body;

[0059] After the joint support roof was installed, the operators began mining, using the retreat method. This method utilized the natural support of the ore body, reduced the excavation area and mining volume during mining, and avoided a large amount of unloading and clearing operations, thereby reducing interference with the environment and the impact of the mine on the environment.

[0060] S107, repeat the above steps in sequence until mining is withdrawn to the mining boundary.

[0061] At the same time, backward mining can also improve mining efficiency, ensure maximum utilization of ore resources by optimizing ore body layout, and improve ore recovery rate and mineral processing recovery rate.

[0062] During the mining process, the combined support roof is the main safety protection device, which is assembled by combining a variety of support materials.

[0063] See also Figure 2 , the present application provides a specific implementation method of a combined support roof, the combined support roof provided by the implementation method includes: a roof 201, a cross beam 202, an anchor rod 203, an anchor net 204 and an anchor cable 205, the anchor cable 205 is installed on the roof 201, the anchor rods 203 are installed on both sides of the bottom of the roof 201, the anchor rods 203 are used to support the roof 201, the two sides of the mine room are supported by the anchor rods 203, the roof 201 and the two sides of the mine room are laid with the anchor nets 204, the top anchor net 204 is close to the roof 201, the anchor nets 204 on the two sides of the mine room are close to the room wall, and each row of the anchor rods 203 is connected and fixed using the cross beam 202.

[0064] Combined support roof is a support technology widely used in underground projects, which aims to improve the stability and bearing capacity of the roof. These support materials cooperate with each other and work together on the roof to form a stable support system. Through reasonable design and construction, the combined support roof can effectively control the deformation and damage of the roof and ensure the safety and stability of underground projects.

[0065] See also Figure 3 , Embodiment 3:

[0066] S301, drilling a blasting hole using a drilling device, the depth of the blasting hole being 20m to 28m;

[0067] S302, loading explosives into the blasting hole through a charging device;

[0068] S303, using a blasting method of a linked-tube blasting gun to create a mine chamber, wherein the mine chamber has a strike length of 20 m, a dip length of more than 25 m, and an ore body dip angle of 25° to 32°;

[0069] S304, removing and cleaning the false roof above the mine room;

[0070] S305, after the false roof is uncovered, a combined support roof is installed, wherein the combined support roof comprises: a roof, a crossbeam, an anchor rod, an anchor net and an anchor cable, wherein the anchor cable is perpendicular to the roof, the anchor rods are installed on both sides of the bottom of the roof, and the anchor rods are used to support the roof, the two sides of the mine room are supported by the anchor rods, the roof and the two sides of the mine room are laid with the anchor nets, the top anchor net is close to the roof, the two sides of the mine room are close to the coal wall, and each row of the anchor rods is connected and fixed by the crossbeam;

[0071] The specifications of the combined support top plate are as follows: anchor rod length: 1.9m, anchor net specification: 2m*2m, anchor net grid specification: 100mm*100mm, anchor cable specification: 4.3m;

[0072] Combined support roof is a support technology widely used in underground projects, which aims to improve the stability and bearing capacity of the roof. These support materials cooperate with each other and work together on the roof to form a stable support system. Through reasonable design and construction, the combined support roof can effectively control the deformation and damage of the roof and ensure the safety and stability of underground projects.

[0073] S306, after the combined support roof is installed, the mining is withdrawn by 2m along the ore body;

[0074] S307, repeating the above steps in sequence until the mining is withdrawn to the mining boundary, and before the mining is withdrawn to the mining boundary, the mining boundary is reinforced.

[0075] In this embodiment, steps S301 to S302 are implemented in a similar manner to steps S101 to S102 in the above embodiment, and are not described in detail here. Step S304 is similar to step S104 in the above embodiment, and step S306 is similar to step S106 in the above embodiment, and are not described in detail here.

[0076] It should be noted that the above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals and technicians in the field to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to professionals and technicians in the field, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A mining method that effectively ensures safety under complex geological conditions, characterized in that: The method comprises: Drilling blast holes using a drilling device; Loading explosives from the blasting hole through a charging device; The mine room was created by blasting with a tube-blasting cannon; Remove and clean the false roof above the mine room; After the false roof is removed, the combined support roof plate is installed; After the combined support roof is installed, the mining is withdrawn 2m along the ore body. The above steps are repeated in sequence until mining is withdrawn to the mining boundary.

2. The mining method according to claim 1, which is effective in ensuring safety under complex geological conditions, characterized in that: The combined support top plate comprises: Top plate, beams, anchor rods, anchor nets and anchor cables; The anchor cable is perpendicular to the top plate, and the anchor rods are installed on both sides of the bottom of the top plate, and the anchor rods are used to support the top plate; The two sides of the mine room are supported by anchor rods; The anchor nets are laid on the roof and the two sides of the mine room, the top anchor net is close to the roof, and the anchor nets on the two sides of the mine room are close to the coal wall; Each row of the anchor rods is connected and fixed by using the cross beam.

3. The mining method according to claim 1, which is effective in ensuring safety under complex geological conditions, characterized in that: The depth of the blasting hole is 20m to 28m.

4. The mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strike length of the mine chamber is 20m, the dip length is more than 25m, and the inclination angle of the ore body is 25° to 32°.

5. The mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling device is a deep hole trolley.

6. The mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging device is a charging trolley.

7. The mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specifications of the combined support top plate are as follows: Anchor rod length: 1.9m, anchor net specifications: 2m*2m, anchor net grid specifications: 100mm*100mm, anchor cable specifications: 4.3m.

8. The mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The withdrawal method includes mining from the boundary of the ore deposit back to the tunnel.

9. The mining method for effectively ensuring safety under complex geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before withdrawing mining to the mining boundary, it also includes: reinforcing the mining boundary.

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