A fast and efficient anchoring device and method based on soft rock degradation effect control

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fast and efficient anchoring device and method based on the control of soft rock degradation effect, and relates to the technical field of anchoring devices. It comprises: a hollow rod body; a grout stopper, threadedly connected to the hollow rod body, the hollow rod body is slidably connected to a rotating seat, and the hollow rod body is threadedly connected to a nut; a protective shell, fixedly connected to the hollow rod body, the protective shell is fixedly connected and connected to a fixed shell; a rotating cylinder, rotatably connected in the fixed shell and fixedly connected to the hollow rod body, and the rotating cylinder and the fixed shell are jointly fixedly connected with a protective film. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that when the anchor rod moves into the hole, the resin roll part will enter the inside of the anchor rod and solidify, thereby affecting the subsequent grouting operation. For this purpose, a new type of anchor rod is proposed. When the anchor rod moves into the hole, its protruding end can be effectively blocked, and when the anchor rod completely enters the hole, the blockage can be easily released.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anchor injection devices, and in particular to a fast and efficient anchor injection device and method based on soft rock degradation effect control. Background Art

[0002] Water-rich soft rock is an underground environment with frequent groundwater activity, low rock hardness, low compressive and shear strength, and easy deformation and breakage. The above characteristics require special support measures to be taken during the construction of tunnels and mining in water-rich soft rock to ensure the safety and stability of the project. Common support measures include the use of anchoring devices, shotcrete, and the construction of steel arch frames.

[0003] The anchor-grouting device is a device specially used for support and grouting in water-rich and soft surrounding rock environments. It combines anchor rods, grouting technology, etc., and aims to quickly and efficiently improve the stability and support effect of the surrounding rock.

[0004] When anchoring in an underground environment of water-rich soft rock, a hole is first drilled in the surrounding rock, and then a resin roll is placed in the hole. The anchor rod is then inserted into the hole while being rotated. During the rotation of the anchor rod, the resin roll is broken and distributed in the hole and gradually solidifies, fixing the anchor rod in the hole. Finally, the grouting material is injected into the hole through the anchor rod through the grouting equipment to enhance the structural strength around the hole.

[0005] Since the middle of the anchor rod is hollow, part of the resin roll will enter the extension end of the anchor rod and solidify during the movement of the anchor rod into the hole, thereby affecting the subsequent grouting operation, resulting in the failure of the grouting operation, which is specifically manifested as:

[0006] The resin roll completely blocks the hollow part of the anchor rod, making it impossible for the grouting material to be injected into the hole through the anchor rod;

[0007] The resin roll partially blocks the hollow part of the anchor rod, resulting in uneven distribution of the grouting pressure of the grouting material. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology, the present invention provides a fast and efficient anchoring device and method based on the control of soft rock degradation effect.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is: a fast and efficient anchor injection device based on the control of soft rock degradation effect, comprising:

[0010] Hollow rod body;

[0011] A slurry stopper, threadedly connected to the hollow rod body, the hollow rod body is slidably connected to a rotating seat, the hollow rod body is threadedly connected to a nut, the rotating seat is located between the slurry stopper and the nut, and the nut is used to squeeze the rotating seat;

[0012] A protective shell is fixedly connected to one end of the hollow rod body away from the nut, and the protective shell is fixedly connected to and communicated with a fixed shell;

[0013] A rotating drum is rotatably connected in the fixed shell and fixedly connected to the hollow rod body. The rotating drum and the fixed shell are fixedly connected with a protective film, the protective film is in a shrinking shape, and the protective film is used to cover the end of the rotating drum away from the hollow rod body;

[0014] The resistance component is arranged on the protective shell and is used for driving the protective film to deform.

[0015] Furthermore, the resistance component comprises:

[0016] The rotating columns are spaced apart and are all rotatably connected to the protective shell, and the rotating columns are slidably connected to the connecting rod;

[0017] The number of the fixed seats distributed at intervals is the same as that of the rotating columns, and they are all fixedly connected to the rotating drum. The fixed seats are hinged to the adjacent connecting rods, and a tension spring is fixedly connected between the protective shell and the rotating drum.

[0018] Furthermore, the resistance component also includes:

[0019] The blocking plates are distributed at intervals, the number of which is the same as the fixing seats, and are respectively fixed to the fixing seats, and the blocking plates are used to block the adjacent connecting rods;

[0020] A positioning assembly is arranged on the protective shell and is used to keep the central axis of the hollow rod consistent with the central axis of the hole.

[0021] Furthermore, the positioning component includes:

[0022] The U-shaped frames are arranged at intervals and are all fixed to the fixed shell, and all the U-shaped frames are located between the fixed shell and the protective shell;

[0023] The support shells are distributed at intervals, the number of which is consistent with that of the U-shaped frames, and are all slidably connected to the protective shell. A telescopic frame is arranged between the support shell and the adjacent U-shaped frame. The U-shaped frame and the support shell are both slidably connected to a sliding seat, and the sliding seat is hinged to the adjacent telescopic frame.

[0024] Furthermore, the positioning component also includes:

[0025] The number of telescopic rods distributed at intervals is the same as that of the U-shaped frames, and they are respectively fixed to the back sides of the U-shaped frames distributed at intervals, and the telescopic ends of the telescopic rods are fixed to the adjacent support shells;

[0026] The driving assembly is arranged in the protective shell and is used to drive the sliding seats on all the U-shaped frames to move.

[0027] Furthermore, the driving assembly comprises:

[0028] A rotating ring, fixedly connected to the rotating drum, the rotating ring is provided with spaced inclined grooves, and the number of all inclined grooves on the rotating ring is consistent with the number of the U-shaped frames;

[0029] The number of L-shaped rods distributed at intervals is the same as that of the U-shaped frames, and they are all slidably connected to the protective shell. The L-shaped rods are slidably connected to adjacent inclined grooves on the rotating ring, and the L-shaped rods are fixedly connected to adjacent sliding seats.

[0030] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0031] A plurality of support rods are all slidably connected to the rotating seat, and friction exists between all the support rods and the rotating seat.

[0032] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0033] A fixing assembly, disposed on the rotating seat, for fixing all the supporting rods;

[0034] A sliding plate, slidably connected to the rotating seat, the sliding plate is provided with symmetrically distributed inclined surfaces, and all the support rods are slidably connected to the sliding plate;

[0035] A plurality of sliding frames, each of which is slidably connected to the rotating seat, and the sliding frames are used to squeeze the adjacent support rods;

[0036] A plurality of extrusion blocks, the number of which is the same as that of the sliding frames, are fixed to the sliding plate, and the extrusion blocks are used to extrude adjacent sliding frames;

[0037] The symmetrically distributed swing rods are all rotatably connected to the rotating seat, and the swing rods are used to squeeze the adjacent inclined surfaces on the sliding plate.

[0038] Furthermore, the fixing assembly further comprises:

[0039] The symmetrically distributed limiting grooves are all arranged on the sliding plate and are used to limit the adjacent swinging rods. The limiting grooves are composed of semicircular grooves and arc grooves. The semicircular grooves of the limiting grooves are used to limit the adjacent swinging rods.

[0040] A method for using a fast and efficient anchor injection device based on soft rock degradation effect control comprises the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: During the anchoring process in the underground environment of water-rich soft rock, the hollow rod is placed into the hole, and then the hollow rod is rotated while moving in the hole;

[0042] Step 2: During the rotation of the hollow rod body, the connecting rod and the adjacent rotating column are limited so that the hollow rod body and the rotating drum rotate to drive the protective shell to rotate;

[0043] Step 3: The hollow rod moves in the hole during rotation, and the protective film shields the hollow rod;

[0044] Step 4: After the hollow rod body moves in the hole until it contacts the hole, the hollow rod body stops moving and stops rotating, and then the hollow rod body is rotated in the opposite direction to release the protective film while moving the connecting rod along the adjacent rotating column;

[0045] Step 5: After the hollow rod body moves to contact the hole, the hollow rod body rotates in the opposite direction and drives the rotating drum and the rotating ring to rotate. During the rotation of the rotating ring, all the inclined grooves on it squeeze the adjacent L-shaped rods respectively, so that the L-shaped rod drives the adjacent sliding seat to move, thereby making the telescopic frame expand outward and driving the adjacent supporting shell to move outward;

[0046] Step 6: When the drum rotates until all the connecting rods are in contact with the adjacent blocking plates, the drum drives the protective shell to rotate through all the blocking plates, the connecting rods and the rotating column, so as to timely know the rotation state of the hollow rod body, thereby stopping the rotation of the hollow rod body;

[0047] Step 7: After the center of the hollow rod is fixed, the nut is rotated, and the nut moves along the hollow rod. After the nut moves to the rotating seat and contacts it, it drives it to move synchronously, so that the rotating seat drives all the support rods to move synchronously. When all the support rods move to the uneven position contacting the hole entrance, stop the rotation of the nut;

[0048] Step 8: After all the support rods stop moving, rotate the two swing rods so that the swing rods swing along the rotating seat while squeezing the sliding plate, so that the sliding plate drives the squeezing block to squeeze the adjacent sliding frame, and the sliding frame then squeezes the adjacent support rods to fix the support rods. The swing rods then contact the semicircular grooves of the limit grooves to fix the swing rods.

[0049] The beneficial effect is as follows: the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that when the anchor rod moves into the hole, part of the resin roll will enter the inside of the anchor rod and solidify, thereby affecting the subsequent grouting operation. For this purpose, a new anchor rod is proposed, which can effectively block the extension end of the anchor rod when it moves into the hole. When the anchor rod completely enters the hole, the blockage can be easily released. In this way, during the process of the anchor rod entering the hole, even if the resin roll in the hole breaks, it will not enter the inside of the anchor rod, so as to ensure the normal operation of the grouting operation;

[0050] In the prior art, after the anchor rod is inserted into the hole, the center of the hole cannot be accurately aligned, resulting in uneven distribution of the resin, which affects the curing performance and bonding strength and reduces the fixing effect. To solve this problem, the present invention provides circumferential support inside the hole to ensure that the central axis of the anchor rod is consistent with the central axis of the hole, so that the resin can be evenly distributed between the anchor rod and the hole. In this way, not only the precise positioning of the anchor rod is achieved, but also the anchor rod is closely fitted with the inner wall of the hole, which significantly improves the fixing effect and overall stability of the anchor rod.

[0051] In order to solve the problem that when existing anchor rods are used for tunnel support, the arched surface of the tunnel will reduce the supporting effect of the anchor rod, the present invention improves the structure of the pad so that it can adaptively fit the surface at the entrance of the hole to ensure that the pad transfers the load evenly. In this way, the pad can better adapt to the uneven surface at the entrance of the hole, improve the supporting effect of the anchor rod, reduce local stress concentration, make the force at the entrance of the hole more uniform, and thus reduce the risk of local deformation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the protective shell of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the protective shell and the fixed shell in the connection state of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the fixed shell of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 It is an exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the protective shell and the fixed shell of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the rotary drum of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the protective film of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the rotating column of the present invention;

[0060] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fixing assembly of the present invention;

[0061] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sliding frame and the extrusion block of the present invention;

[0062] Fig.11 It is an exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the sliding frame and the extrusion block of the present invention.

[0063] In the accompanying drawings: 10-hollow rod body, 11-stop plug, 12-rotating seat, 13-nut, 14-protective shell, 15-fixed shell, 16-protective film, 17-rotating drum, 2-resistance assembly, 20-rotating column, 21-connecting rod, 22-fixed seat, 23-blocking plate, 3-positioning assembly, 30-U-shaped frame, 31-telescopic frame, 32-support shell, 33-sliding seat, 34-telescopic rod, 4-driving assembly, 40-rotating ring, 41-L-shaped rod, 50-support rod, 6-fixed assembly, 60-sliding plate, 61-sliding frame, 62-extrusion block, 63-swing rod, 70-limiting groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] The shotcrete mentioned in the background technology is: spraying a layer of concrete on the surface of the surrounding rock to form a protective layer to improve the strength and stability of the surrounding rock; building a steel arch frame: using the steel arch frame to support the surrounding rock, provide additional support force, and prevent the surrounding rock from collapsing.

[0066] The present invention aims to solve the problem in the prior art that when the anchor rod moves into the hole, part of the resin roll will enter the interior of the anchor rod and solidify therein, thereby preventing the subsequent grouting operation from being carried out smoothly; for this purpose, a new anchor rod is proposed, which can achieve blocking of the insertion end during the process of the anchor rod moving into the hole, and can easily release the blockage of the insertion end when the anchor rod is in the hole, so that when the anchor rod enters the hole, the resin roll in the hole will not enter the anchor rod after it breaks.

[0067] Example 1: A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control, such as Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, it includes: a hollow rod body 10; a slurry stop plug 11, which is threadedly connected to the hollow rod body 10, and the hollow rod body 10 is slidably connected to a rotating seat 12, and the hollow rod body 10 is threadedly connected to a nut 13, and the rotating seat 12 is located between the slurry stop plug 11 and the nut 13, and the nut 13 is used to squeeze the rotating seat 12; a protective shell 14, which is fixed to the end of the hollow rod body 10 away from the nut 13, and the protective shell 14 is fixed and connected to a fixed shell 15; a rotating cylinder 17, which is rotatably connected in the fixed shell 15 and is fixed to the hollow rod body 10, and the rotating cylinder 17 and the fixed shell 15 are jointly fixed with a protective film 16, and the protective film 16 is in a contracted shape, and the protective film 16 is used to cover the end of the rotating cylinder 17 away from the hollow rod body 10; a resistance component 2, which is arranged on the protective shell 14, and is used to drive the protective film 16 to deform.

[0068] In the above scheme, the hollow rod body 10 in the present invention replaces the existing hollow rod, and the outer side of the hollow rod body 10 is provided with a thread, and the rotation direction of the thread on the outer side of the hollow rod body 10 can be adjusted according to the actual situation. The protective shell 14 is composed of two detachably connected shells, and the left side of the protective shell 14 is provided with an inclined surface for facilitating the protective shell 14 to enter the hole. The protective film 16 is a soft deformable material, which can be specifically made of silicone or rubber. When the protective film 16 is deformed, Figure 6 In the state in which the hollow rod body 10 has not entered the hole, the protective film 16 shrinks and deforms so that the resin in the hole does not enter the interior of the hollow rod body 10 during the process of the hollow rod body 10 entering the hole, thereby preventing the resin from clogging the hollow rod body 10 after entering the hollow rod body 10, thereby affecting the grouting efficiency of the subsequent grouting material. When the protective film 16 is reset, Figure 7 The hollow rod body 10 has entered the hole and reached the required working position.

[0069] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the resistance assembly 2 includes: spaced rotating columns 20, which are all rotatably connected to the protective shell 14, and the rotating columns 20 are slidably connected to the connecting rods 21; spaced fixed seats 22, the number of which is consistent with the rotating columns 20, are all fixedly connected to the rotating drum 17, the fixed seats 22 are hinged to adjacent connecting rods 21, and a tension spring is fixedly connected between the protective shell 14 and the rotating drum 17. The resistance assembly 2 also includes: spaced blocking plates 23, the number of which is consistent with the fixing seats 22, which are respectively fixedly connected to the fixing seats 22, and the blocking plates 23 are used to block adjacent connecting rods 21; a positioning assembly 3 is arranged on the protective shell 14, and is used to keep the central axis of the hollow rod body 10 consistent with the central axis of the hole.

[0070] In the above scheme, before the hollow rod body 10 enters the hole, all the rotating columns 20 are Figure 5 In the state, when the hollow rod body 10 enters the hole and reaches the required working position, the connecting rod 21 swings to the state of contacting the adjacent blocking plate 23. At this time, all the connecting rods 21 stop swinging, and the center lines of all the connecting rods 21 are perpendicular to the central axis of the rotating drum 17.

[0071] Working principle: Before anchoring in the underground environment of water-rich soft rock, the construction workers first drill holes in the surrounding rock, then put in the resin drug roll, and then put the hollow rod body 10 and the attached parts into the hole (the left side of the present invention faces the hole). During the placement process, the construction workers rotate the hollow rod body 10 counterclockwise (according to the attached parts of the present invention). Figure 1, viewed from right to left, it rotates counterclockwise, and the following descriptions are all based on this perspective). During the rotation of the hollow rod body 10, the resin roll is broken, so that the resin in the resin roll can contact the hole.

[0072] During the counterclockwise rotation of the hollow rod body 10, all the fixing seats 22 are driven through the rotating drum 17, and then all the rotating columns 20 are driven to rotate counterclockwise through all the fixing seats 22 and all the connecting rods 21. Through the contact between the connecting rods 21 and the adjacent rotating columns 20, the protective shell 14 and the auxiliary parts are indirectly driven to rotate counterclockwise through the above-mentioned parts during the rotation of the rotating drum 17.

[0073] The hollow rod body 10 moves in the hole during the rotation process, and the resin in the hole will not enter the hollow rod body 10 due to the shielding provided by the protective film 16 .

[0074] When the hollow rod body 10 moves in the hole until the left end of the protective shell 14 contacts the inside of the hole, the hollow rod body 10 stops moving and stops rotating counterclockwise (at this time, the resistance exerted by the resin on the protective shell 14 is greater than the tension provided by the adjacent tension spring of the protective shell 14). At this time, the construction personnel control the hollow rod body 10 to rotate clockwise (during this process, the rotating drum 17 rotates along the protective shell 14). The clockwise rotation of the hollow rod body 10 causes the rotating drum 17 to drive all the fixed seats 22 and all the connecting rods 21 to rotate. At this time, all the connecting rods 21 move along the adjacent rotating columns 20 respectively. During the rotation of the rotating drum 17, the protective film 16 is released, so that the protective film 16 gradually opens.

[0075] When the drum 17 rotates until all the connecting rods 21 are in contact with the adjacent blocking plates 23, the center lines of all the connecting rods 21 are perpendicular to the central axis of the drum 17, and the protective film 16 is fully opened. Figure 7 status in .

[0076] After the connecting rod 21 contacts the adjacent blocking plate 23, the rotating drum 17 can drive the protective shell 14 to rotate through all the blocking plates 23, all the connecting rods 21 and all the rotating columns 20. At this time, the construction personnel rotate the hollow rod body 10 clockwise, and the resistance generated by the protective shell 14 and the resin is applied to the hollow rod body 10, so that the construction personnel can know the rotation status of the hollow rod body 10 in time, which is convenient for the construction personnel to stop the rotation of the hollow rod body 10 in time, thereby shortening the time required for fixing the hollow rod body 10, so as to achieve fast and efficient fixation of the hollow rod body 10.

[0077] After completing the above work process, the construction personnel rotate the grouting plug 11 until it contacts the entrance of the hole, and then rotate the nut 13, so that the nut 13 drives the rotating seat 12 to move in the direction of the hole, so that the rotating seat 12 keeps in contact with the hole, thereby achieving support for the hole. Finally, the construction personnel establish a connection between the grouting equipment and the hollow rod body 10, and transport the grouting material into the hollow rod body 10 through the grouting equipment, so that the grouting material penetrates from the hole into the water-rich soft rock to achieve anchoring of the water-rich soft rock.

[0078] After the existing anchor rod is inserted into the hole, the construction workers cannot know the internal situation of the hole from the outside, resulting in the central axis of the anchor rod not coinciding with the central axis of the hole. This will make the resin thinner in some areas of the hole and thicker in other areas, thereby affecting the curing performance of the resin, making the bonding strength of some areas insufficient, thereby reducing the overall fixing effect;

[0079] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts a method of circumferential support inside the hole, so that the central axis of the anchor rod coincides with the central axis of the hole, thereby allowing the resin to be evenly distributed between the anchor rod and the hole. After the circumferential support of the hole is completed, the parts that achieve the circumferential support effect can replace the existing expansion shell anchor head, which can not only complete the center positioning of the anchor rod, but also form a close contact between the anchor rod and the inner wall of the hole, thereby significantly improving the anchoring effect of the anchor rod.

[0080] Embodiment 2: Based on embodiment 1, Figure 3-Figure 6 As shown, the positioning assembly 3 includes: U-shaped frames 30 distributed at intervals, all of which are fixed to the fixed shell 15, and all of the U-shaped frames 30 are located between the fixed shell 15 and the protective shell 14; support shells 32 distributed at intervals, the number of which is consistent with that of the U-shaped frames 30, are all slidably connected to the protective shell 14, and the support shells 32 and adjacent U-shaped frames 30 are provided with telescopic frames 31, and sliding seats 33 are slidably connected between the U-shaped frames 30 and the support shells 32, and the sliding seats 33 are hinged to the adjacent telescopic frames 31.

[0081] In the above scheme, the positioning component 3 is used to replace the existing expansion shell anchor head to enhance the fixation degree of the hollow rod body 10 while realizing the center positioning of the hollow rod body 10 so that the resin around the hollow rod body 10 can be evenly distributed. In the present invention, there are four U-shaped frames 30 distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. In fact, there can be at least three U-shaped frames 30 distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The above description of the quantifiers is for illustration only and is not limiting. The telescopic rod 34 is used to enhance the structural strength of the telescopic frame 31.

[0082] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the driving assembly 4 includes: a rotating ring 40, which is fixed to the rotating drum 17, and the rotating ring 40 is provided with spaced inclined grooves, and the number of all inclined grooves on the rotating ring 40 is consistent with the number of U-shaped frames 30; spaced L-shaped rods 41, the number of which is consistent with the number of U-shaped frames 30, are all slidably connected to the protective shell 14, the L-shaped rods 41 are slidably connected to the adjacent inclined grooves on the rotating ring 40, and the L-shaped rods 41 are fixed to the adjacent sliding seats 33.

[0083] In the above solution, the rotating ring 40 rotates itself so that the inclined groove on the rotating ring 40 squeezes the adjacent L-shaped rods 41, thereby realizing the movement of the adjacent sliding seats 33.

[0084] Working principle: After the hollow rod body 10 moves to contact the hole, the construction personnel manipulate the hollow rod body 10 to rotate clockwise, and the hollow rod body 10 drives the rotating drum 17 to rotate, so that the rotating drum 17 drives the rotating ring 40 to rotate clockwise. During the rotation of the rotating ring 40, all the inclined grooves thereon squeeze the adjacent L-shaped rods 41 respectively, so that all the L-shaped rods 41 respectively drive the adjacent sliding seats 33 to move to the left. During the movement of the adjacent sliding seats 33 of the L-shaped rods 41 to the left, the adjacent telescopic frames 31 are squeezed, so that all the telescopic frames 31 expand outward and respectively drive the adjacent supporting shells 32 to extend into the hole (the telescopic ends of the adjacent telescopic rods 34 are stretched during the movement of the supporting shells 32). During the outward expansion of the telescopic frames 31, the adjacent sliding seats 33 move along the adjacent supporting shells 32, so that all the supporting shells 32 move outward at the same time.

[0085] When all the support shells 32 move synchronously until their outer sides contact the inner wall of the hole, the central axis of the hollow rod body 10 coincides with the central axis of the hole. Through the above steps, after all the support shells 32 are expanded, the central axis of the hollow rod body 10 can coincide with the central axis of the hole, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the resin around the hollow rod body 10.

[0086] When using existing anchor rods, if the surface at the entrance of the hole is uneven or tilted, the pad will not fit evenly around the hole, so that the full support force cannot be applied to the hole. In this case, part of the pad may be suspended or unevenly stressed, thereby affecting the overall stability and support effect of the anchor rod (the above problem comes from the application of existing anchor rods in the field where the support surface is an arc. Since the support surface is an arc, the tray cannot fit completely with the support surface during the support process of the anchor rod, resulting in a reduction in the contact surface between the two, and therefore the load cannot be transferred, affecting the bearing capacity of the anchor rod);

[0087] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts a method of changing the existing pad structure so that the pad can adaptively fit the surface at the hole entrance, so that the pad can evenly transfer the load at the hole entrance, thereby enabling the anchor rod to fully play its supporting role, provide an overall support effect, and reduce local stress concentration, so that the force at the hole entrance is more uniform, thereby reducing the risk of local deformation at the hole entrance.

[0088] Embodiment 3: Based on embodiment 1, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, it also includes: a plurality of support rods 50, all of which are slidably connected to the rotating seat 12, and there is friction between all the support rods 50 and the rotating seat 12.

[0089] like Figure 9-11 As shown, it also includes: a fixing component 6, which is arranged on the rotating seat 12 and is used to fix all the support rods 50; a sliding plate 60, which is slidably connected to the rotating seat 12, and the sliding plate 60 is provided with symmetrically distributed inclined surfaces, and all the support rods 50 are slidably connected to the sliding plate 60; a plurality of sliding frames 61, which are slidably connected to the rotating seat 12, and the sliding frames 61 are used to extrude adjacent support rods 50; a plurality of extrusion blocks 62, the number of which is consistent with that of the sliding frames 61, which are all fixed to the sliding plate 60, and the extrusion blocks 62 are used to extrude adjacent sliding frames 61; symmetrically distributed swing rods 63, which are all rotatably connected to the rotating seat 12, and the swing rods 63 are used to extrude adjacent inclined surfaces on the sliding plate 60.

[0090] In the above scheme, the sliding frame 61 is composed of a ladder frame and two L-shaped sliding frames. The two L-shaped sliding frames on the sliding frame 61 are slidably connected to the rotating seat 12 and there is friction. The middle part of the sliding frame 61 is hard silicone. The ladder frame of the sliding frame 61 is provided with an arc-shaped surface for extruding adjacent support rods 50. The upper side of the sliding frame 61 is provided with an inclined surface, and the lower side of the extrusion block 62 is provided with an inclined surface. The inclined surface on the lower side of the extrusion block 62 contacts the inclined surface on the upper side of the adjacent sliding frame 61.

[0091] like Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the fixing assembly 6 also includes: symmetrically distributed limiting grooves 70, all of which are arranged on the sliding plate 60, for limiting the adjacent swing rods 63, the limiting grooves 70 are composed of semicircular grooves and arc grooves, and the semicircular grooves of the limiting grooves 70 are used to limit the adjacent swing rods 63.

[0092] In the above solution, when the swing rod 63 swings into the arc groove in the limiting groove 70, the swinging state of the swing rod 63 is limited.

[0093] Working principle: After completing the center fixation of the hollow rod body 10, the construction personnel rotate the nut 13 to make the nut 13 move to the left along the hollow rod body 10. After the nut 13 moves to contact with the right side of the rotating seat 12, the nut 13 drives the rotating seat 12 to move to the left synchronously. During the movement, the rotating seat 12 drives all the support rods 50 and their attached parts to move synchronously.

[0094] All the support rods 50 gradually come into contact with the entrance of the hole as the rotating seat 12 moves. The uneven position of the hole entrance reversely squeezes part of the support rods 50, causing the support rods 50 to move to the right along the rotating seat 12 and the sliding plate 60. When all the support rods 50 are in contact with the uneven position of the hole entrance, the rotation of the nut 13 is stopped, and then the construction personnel rotate the two swing rods 63 to make the two swing rods 63 swing along the rotating seat 12.

[0095] After the swing rod 63 swings to contact the adjacent inclined surface on the sliding plate 60, the swing rod 63 squeezes the sliding plate 60, so that the sliding plate 60 drives all the squeezing blocks 62 to move to the left. During the movement of the squeezing blocks 62, the adjacent sliding frames 61 are squeezed, so that the sliding frames 61 squeeze the adjacent support rods 50, thereby enhancing the fixing effect on the support rods 50. During the swinging process of the swing rod 63, it contacts the arc groove of the limiting groove 70 and continues to squeeze the arc groove. When the swing rod 63 swings to contact the semicircular groove of the limiting groove 70, the construction personnel no longer rotate the swing rod 63. At this time, the semicircular groove of the limiting groove 70 limits the swing rod 63.

[0096] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for using a fast and efficient anchor injection device based on soft rock degradation effect control, such as Figure 1-Figure 11 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0097] Step 1: During the anchoring process in the underground environment of water-rich soft rock, the hollow rod body 10 is placed into the hole, and then the hollow rod body 10 is rotated during the movement in the hole;

[0098] Step 2: During the rotation of the hollow rod body 10, the connecting rod 21 and the adjacent rotating column 20 are limited so that the hollow rod body 10 and the rotating drum 17 rotate to drive the protective shell 14 to rotate;

[0099] Step 3: The hollow rod body 10 moves in the hole during rotation, and the protective film 16 shields the hollow rod body 10;

[0100] Step 4: After the hollow rod body 10 moves in the hole until it contacts the hole, the hollow rod body 10 stops moving and rotating, and then the hollow rod body 10 rotates in the opposite direction to release the protective film 16 while moving the connecting rod 21 along the adjacent rotating column 20;

[0101] Step 5: After the hollow rod body 10 moves to contact the hole, the hollow rod body 10 rotates in the opposite direction and drives the rotating drum 17 and the rotating ring 40 to rotate. During the rotation of the rotating ring 40, all the inclined grooves on it squeeze the adjacent L-shaped rods 41 respectively, so that the L-shaped rods 41 drive the adjacent sliding seats 33 to move, thereby causing the telescopic frame 31 to expand outward and drive the adjacent supporting shells 32 to move outward;

[0102] Step 6: When the rotating drum 17 rotates until all the connecting rods 21 are in contact with the adjacent blocking plates 23, the rotating drum 17 drives the protective shell 14 to rotate through all the blocking plates 23, the connecting rods 21 and the rotating column 20, so as to timely know the rotation state of the hollow rod body 10, thereby stopping the rotation of the hollow rod body 10;

[0103] Step 7: After the center of the hollow rod body 10 is fixed, the nut 13 is rotated, and the nut 13 moves along the hollow rod body 10. After the nut 13 moves to contact the rotating seat 12, it drives it to move synchronously, so that the rotating seat 12 drives all the support rods 50 to move synchronously. When all the support rods 50 move to contact the uneven position of the hole entrance, the rotation of the nut 13 is stopped;

[0104] Step 8: After all the support rods 50 stop moving, rotate the two swing rods 63 so that the swing rods 63 swing along the rotating seat 12 while squeezing the sliding plate 60, so that the sliding plate 60 drives the squeezing block 62 to squeeze the adjacent sliding frame 61, and the sliding frame 61 then squeezes the adjacent support rods 50 to fix the support rods 50, and the swing rods 63 then contact the semicircular grooves of the limiting grooves 70 to fix the swing rods 63.

[0105] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control, characterized in that: include: A hollow rod body (10); A slurry stopper (11) is threadedly connected to the hollow rod body (10); the hollow rod body (10) is slidably connected to a rotating seat (12); the hollow rod body (10) is threadedly connected to a nut (13); the rotating seat (12) is located between the slurry stopper (11) and the nut (13); the nut (13) is used to squeeze the rotating seat (12); A protective shell (14) is fixedly connected to an end of the hollow rod (10) away from the nut (13), and the protective shell (14) is fixedly connected to and communicated with a fixed shell (15); A rotating drum (17) is rotatably connected in the fixed shell (15) and fixedly connected to the hollow rod body (10); the rotating drum (17) and the fixed shell (15) are fixedly connected with a protective film (16) together; the protective film (16) is in a contracted shape and is used to cover an end of the rotating drum (17) away from the hollow rod body (10); The resistance component (2) is arranged on the protective shell (14) and is used to drive the protective film (16) to deform.

2. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistance component (2) comprises: The rotating columns (20) are arranged at intervals and are all rotatably connected to the protective shell (14); the rotating columns (20) are slidably connected to a connecting rod (21); The number of the fixed seats (22) distributed at intervals is the same as that of the rotating columns (20), and they are all fixedly connected to the rotating drum (17). The fixed seats (22) are hinged to the adjacent connecting rods (21), and a tension spring is fixedly connected between the protective shell (14) and the rotating drum (17).

3. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The resistance component (2) further comprises: The blocking plates (23) are spaced apart, the number of which is the same as the number of the fixing seats (22), and are respectively fixed to the fixing seats (22), and the blocking plates (23) are used to block the adjacent connecting rods (21); and the positioning assembly (3) is arranged on the protective shell (14) and is used to keep the central axis of the hollow rod body (10) consistent with the central axis of the hole.

4. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning component (3) comprises: The U-shaped frames (30) are arranged at intervals and are all fixed to the fixed shell (15), and all the U-shaped frames (30) are located between the fixed shell (15) and the protective shell (14); The number of the support shells (32) distributed at intervals is consistent with that of the U-shaped frames (30), and they are all slidably connected to the protective shell (14); a telescopic frame (31) is provided between the support shell (32) and the adjacent U-shaped frame (30); the U-shaped frame (30) and the support shell (32) are both slidably connected to a sliding seat (33); and the sliding seat (33) is hinged to the adjacent telescopic frame (31).

5. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning component (3) also includes: The number of telescopic rods (34) distributed at intervals is the same as that of the U-shaped frames (30), and they are respectively fixed to the back sides of the U-shaped frames (30) distributed at intervals, and the telescopic ends of the telescopic rods (34) are fixed to the adjacent support shells (32); A driving assembly (4) is disposed in the protective shell (14) and is used to drive the sliding seats (33) on all the U-shaped frames (30) to move.

6. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving assembly (4) comprises: A rotating ring (40) is fixedly connected to the rotating drum (17), the rotating ring (40) being provided with spaced inclined grooves, the number of all inclined grooves on the rotating ring (40) being the same as the number of the U-shaped frame (30); The number of L-shaped rods (41) distributed at intervals is the same as that of the U-shaped frame (30), and they are all slidably connected to the protective shell (14). The L-shaped rods (41) are slidably connected to adjacent inclined grooves on the rotating ring (40), and the L-shaped rods (41) are fixedly connected to adjacent sliding seats (33).

7. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of support rods (50) are all slidably connected to the rotating seat (12), and friction exists between all the support rods (50) and the rotating seat (12).

8. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: A fixing assembly (6), arranged on the rotating seat (12), and used for fixing all the supporting rods (50); A sliding plate (60) is slidably connected to the rotating seat (12), the sliding plate (60) is provided with symmetrically distributed inclined surfaces, and all the support rods (50) are slidably connected to the sliding plate (60); a plurality of sliding racks (61) are slidably connected to the rotating seat (12), and the sliding racks (61) are used to squeeze adjacent support rods (50); A plurality of extrusion blocks (62), the number of which is the same as the number of the sliding frames (61), are all fixedly connected to the sliding plate (60), and the extrusion blocks (62) are used to extrude adjacent sliding frames (61); The symmetrically distributed swing rods (63) are all rotatably connected to the rotating seat (12), and the swing rods (63) are used to squeeze the adjacent inclined surfaces on the sliding plate (60).

9. A fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixing assembly (6) further comprises: Symmetrically distributed limiting grooves (70) are all provided on the sliding plate (60) and are used to limit the adjacent swinging rods (63). The limiting grooves (70) are composed of semicircular grooves and arc grooves. The semicircular grooves of the limiting grooves (70) are used to limit the adjacent swinging rods (63).

10. A method for using a fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control, which is completed by using the fast and efficient anchoring device based on soft rock degradation effect control according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method for using the fast and efficient anchor injection device based on the soft rock degradation effect control includes the following steps: Step 1: During the anchoring process in the underground environment of water-rich soft rock, the hollow rod body (10) is placed into the hole, and then the hollow rod body (10) is rotated during the movement in the hole; Step 2: During the rotation of the hollow rod body (10), the position of the connecting rod (21) and the adjacent rotating column (20) is limited so that the hollow rod body (10) and the rotating drum (17) rotate, thereby driving the protective shell (14) to rotate; Step 3: The hollow rod body (10) moves in the hole during rotation, and the protective film (16) shields the hollow rod body (10); Step 4: After the hollow rod body (10) moves in the hole until it contacts the hole, the hollow rod body (10) stops moving and stops rotating, and then the hollow rod body (10) rotates in the opposite direction to release the protective film (16) while moving the connecting rod (21) along the adjacent rotating column (20); Step 5: After the hollow rod body (10) moves to contact the hole, the hollow rod body (10) rotates in the opposite direction and drives the rotating drum (17) and the rotating ring (40) to rotate. During the rotation of the rotating ring (40), all the inclined grooves on the rotating ring (40) respectively squeeze the adjacent L-shaped rods (41), so that the L-shaped rods (41) drive the adjacent sliding seats (33) to move, thereby causing the telescopic frame (31) to expand outward and drive the adjacent supporting shell (32) to move outward; Step 6: When the rotating drum (17) rotates until all the connecting rods (21) are in contact with the adjacent blocking plates (23), the rotating drum (17) drives the protective shell (14) to rotate through all the blocking plates (23), the connecting rods (21) and the rotating column (20), so as to timely know the rotation state of the hollow rod body (10), thereby stopping the rotation of the hollow rod body (10); Step 7: After the center of the hollow rod body (10) is fixed, the nut (13) is rotated, and the nut (13) moves along the hollow rod body (10). After the nut (13) moves to the rotating seat (12) and contacts it, it drives it to move synchronously, so that the rotating seat (12) drives all the support rods (50) to move synchronously. When all the support rods (50) move to the uneven position contacting the hole entrance, the rotation of the nut (13) is stopped; Step 8: After all the support rods (50) stop moving, the two swing rods (63) are rotated so that the swing rods (63) swing along the rotating seat (12) and squeeze the sliding plate (60) at the same time, so that the sliding plate (60) drives the squeezing block (62) to squeeze the adjacent sliding frame (61), and the sliding frame (61) then squeezes the adjacent support rod (50) to fix the support rod (50), and the swing rod (63) then contacts the semicircular groove of the limiting groove (70) to fix the swing rod (63).

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