High altitude area tunnel parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and provides a high-altitude area tunnel parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system which comprises a main tunnel, an auxiliary tunnel, a first-stage air supply assembly and a second-stage air supply assembly. The first-stage air supply assembly comprises a first fan and a first air pipe, the first fan is arranged at an opening of the auxiliary tunnel, one end of the first air pipe communicates with the first fan, and the other end of the first air pipe communicates with the second fan; the other end of the steel pipe extends into the auxiliary hole; in the construction direction, the multiple sets of second-stage air supply assemblies are sequentially arranged, each second-stage air supply assembly comprises a second fan, a third fan, a second air pipe and a third air pipe, the second fans and the third fans are arranged in the auxiliary hole and located on the side, away from the first fan, of the first air pipe, one end of each second air pipe communicates with the corresponding second fan, and the other end of each second air pipe communicates with the corresponding third fan. The other end faces the excavation surface of the auxiliary hole; one end of the third air pipe is communicated with the third fan, and the other end of the third air pipe penetrates into the main hole and faces the excavation face of the main hole. According to the parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system for the tunnel in the high-altitude area, the ventilation efficiency of the extra-long tunnel can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to ventilation systems for parallel pilot tunnels in high-altitude areas. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation infrastructure, tunnels have become an important passage connecting mountainous areas. In tunnel construction, parallel pilot tunnels serve as key facilities to assist tunnel construction. These tunnels are built parallel to the main tunnel during the initial construction phase, taking into account long-term needs. They are typically located at the tunnel's entrance and exit points and play a vital role in accelerating construction progress, improving ventilation, and reducing long-term workload, thereby effectively improving construction efficiency.

[0003] To maintain good ventilation in the tunnel and pilot tunnel, air ducts are installed in the tunnel (hereinafter referred to as the main tunnel) and pilot tunnel (hereinafter referred to as the auxiliary tunnel). The inlet end of the air duct extends to the outside of the tunnel entrance and is connected to a fan. When the fan is turned on, fresh air from the outside can be forced into the tunnel. The airflow is delivered to the excavation face of the main tunnel or the excavation face of the auxiliary tunnel and then flows back. This can blow the dust generated by the construction work in the tunnel outward, forming a good air circulation, effectively removing dust and exhaust gas, and ensuring the safety of construction personnel.

[0004] However, for extra-long tunnels exceeding 10km, as the main tunnel and auxiliary tunnels are continuously excavated, their lengths increase. The airflow delivered by the fans from outside the tunnel needs to travel a long distance to reach the tunnel, requiring a large amount of ductwork and making it difficult to guarantee ventilation efficiency. Furthermore, the excessively long air delivery distance requires the fans to operate at high efficiency for extended periods, resulting in significant damage and high subsequent operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, further improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve ventilation efficiency for extra-long tunnels, this application provides a parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system for tunnels in high-altitude areas.

[0006] The ventilation system for parallel pilot tunnels in high-altitude areas provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system for tunnels in high-altitude areas includes a main tunnel, an auxiliary tunnel, a primary air supply assembly, and a secondary air supply assembly. The primary air supply assembly includes a first fan and a first duct. The first fan is located at the entrance of the auxiliary tunnel, and one end of the first duct is connected to the first fan, while the other end extends into the auxiliary tunnel. Along the construction direction, multiple sets of secondary air supply assemblies are sequentially arranged. Each secondary air supply assembly includes a second fan, a third fan, a second duct, and a third duct. The second and third fans are both located inside the auxiliary tunnel and on the side of the first duct away from the first fan. One end of the second duct is connected to the second fan, and the other end faces the excavation face of the auxiliary tunnel. One end of the third duct is connected to the third fan, and the other end passes through the main tunnel and faces the excavation face of the main tunnel.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, and through the installation of primary and secondary air supply components, when the excavation length of the auxiliary tunnel is less than 1 km, a first fan is installed at the entrance of the auxiliary tunnel, and air is introduced into the auxiliary tunnel through a first duct. The first fan supplies air into the auxiliary tunnel, compressing fresh outside air into the tunnel. When the excavation length of the auxiliary tunnel exceeds 1 km, a secondary air supply component is installed inside the auxiliary tunnel. Part of the airflow supplied through the first duct is blown towards the excavation face of the auxiliary tunnel by the second fan, and the other part is blown towards the excavation face of the main tunnel by the third fan through a third duct. After reaching the excavation face of either the main tunnel or the auxiliary tunnel, the airflow flows back, effectively blowing out dust generated during construction work, forming good air circulation, and effectively removing dust and exhaust gases. As the length of the auxiliary tunnel continues to increase, the number of secondary air supply components also increases to maintain good ventilation efficiency and ensure the safety of construction personnel.

[0008] Optionally, the auxiliary tunnel has a transverse passage connecting to the main tunnel. Multiple transverse passages are arranged sequentially along the construction direction. The third air duct passes through the transverse passage into the main tunnel. An air damper is installed between the second fan and the third fan to prevent airflow and dust from flowing back towards the entrance of the auxiliary tunnel.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, through the setting of cross passages and air dampers, the airflow reaches the excavation face of the auxiliary tunnel and then flows back. Due to the obstruction of the air dampers, it cannot flow towards the entrance of the auxiliary tunnel, so that the airflow enters the main tunnel through the cross passage and is discharged uniformly from the entrance of the main tunnel, forming an air circulation and discharging dust. The setting of air dampers can reduce the possibility that the airflow will bring the dust from the rear section (the rear section is the part of the auxiliary tunnel far from the entrance) back to the front section (the front section is the part of the auxiliary tunnel near the entrance) when the airflow flows back, thereby reducing the possibility of the front section being re-contaminated by dust and improving the dust discharge effect.

[0010] Optionally, an air outlet pipe is installed inside the main tunnel, with the outlet end of the air outlet pipe facing the excavation face of the main tunnel; the third air duct includes an air inlet section and a connecting section, the air inlet section is located inside the auxiliary tunnel and its inlet end is connected to the third fan; the connecting section is located inside the transverse tunnel, its inlet end is connected to the outlet end of the air inlet section, and its outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the air outlet pipe.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, and through the setting of the air intake section and the connecting section, the airflow delivered by the third blower can sequentially pass through the air intake section, the connecting section and the air outlet pipe and be blown toward the excavation face of the main tunnel, so as to replace the air at the excavation face of the main tunnel and carry out the dust, thereby improving the purging effect.

[0012] Optionally, a slide rail is installed on the inner wall of the main tunnel, and a sliding seat is slidably installed on the slide rail. The air outlet pipe is connected to the sliding seat, and the air outlet pipe is slidably installed in the main tunnel through the sliding seat and can slide along the length direction of the main tunnel. The connecting section includes a first connecting part, a second connecting part, and a third connecting part. The first connecting part is disposed in the transverse tunnel. One end of the second connecting part is connected to the first connecting part, and the other end is connected to the outlet end of the air inlet section. One end of the third connecting part is rotatably connected to the end of the first connecting part away from the second connecting part, and the other end is detachably connected to the inlet end of the air outlet pipe. The first connecting part is provided with a drive assembly for driving the third connecting part to rotate.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, and through the configuration of the drive components, as the length of the main tunnel and auxiliary tunnel increases and the first and second stage air supply components are arranged, the connection between the outlet pipe and the third connection part of the original second stage air supply component is removed. Then, the outlet pipe is driven to move into the tunnel, connecting with the third connection part of the first and second stage air supply component. Next, the drive components drive the third connection part of the original second stage air supply component to rotate, so that this third connection part faces the entrance of the main tunnel. During the air supply stage, the airflow from the first and second stage air supply components, under the action of the outlet pipe, blows towards the excavation face of the main tunnel and then flows back. The original second stage air supply component faces the entrance of the main tunnel to blow the returning airflow towards the entrance of the main tunnel. As the length of the main tunnel and auxiliary tunnel continues to increase, the number of second stage air supply components also continues to increase. Except for the innermost second stage air supply component, whose air supply direction is towards the excavation face of the main tunnel, the air supply direction of the remaining second stage air supply components is rotated to face the entrance of the main tunnel, greatly improving the air circulation effect and dust discharge efficiency.

[0014] Optionally, a rotating ring is rotatably connected to the peripheral wall of the first connecting portion, and the third connecting portion is connected to the rotating ring and communicates with the first connecting portion; the driving assembly includes a driving ring, a first gear, a first gear ring, a transition gear, and a driving member; the driving ring is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the first connecting portion; the first gear is coaxially connected to the driving ring; the first gear ring is coaxially connected to the rotating ring; the diameter of the first gear ring is larger than the diameter of the first gear; the transition gear is rotatably connected to the first connecting portion and located between the first gear and the first gear ring; the transition gear meshes with the first gear and with the first gear ring; the driving member is disposed on the driving ring to drive the driving ring to rotate.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, through the drive ring, the first gear, the first gear ring, the transition gear, and the drive component, the drive component drives the drive ring to rotate. Under the meshing between the transition gear and the first gear, and between the transition gear ring and the first gear ring, the rotating ring can be driven to rotate, thereby forcing the third connecting part to rotate around the central axis of the first connecting part, so as to rotate the third connecting part to face the opening of the main hole, improving the convenience of the reversing operation of the third connecting part. In addition, the diameter of the first gear ring is larger than the diameter of the first gear, so that when the drive ring drives the rotating ring to rotate, it is more labor-saving (not energy-saving), improving the operational convenience of the overall structure.

[0016] Optionally, the transverse section is provided with a mounting frame, and the first connecting part is disposed on the mounting frame and mounted in the transverse section by the mounting frame; the driving component includes a driving roller, a second gear and a second gear ring, the driving roller is rotatably connected to the mounting frame, the second gear is coaxially connected to the driving roller, the second gear ring is coaxially connected to the driving ring, the second gear and the second gear ring mesh with each other, the diameter of the second gear ring is larger than the diameter of the second gear, and the diameter of the second gear ring is larger than the diameter of the first gear.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the drive roller, the second gear, and the second gear ring can be configured to drive the drive ring to rotate. In addition, the diameter of the second gear ring is larger than the diameter of the second gear, and the diameter of the second gear ring is larger than the diameter of the first gear, making the operation of driving the rotating ring to rotate more labor-saving.

[0018] Optionally, an installation box is installed at the bottom of the transverse section, and a shielding cloth for closing the transverse section is wound inside the installation box. A lifting strip for pulling out the shielding cloth is provided at the top of the installation box, and the drive roller is provided with a lifting component for lifting the lifting strip.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting up the shielding cloth and the lifting strip, when the third connecting part is rotated to face the main tunnel opening, the lifting component lifts the lifting strip to pull out the shielding cloth, so that the shielding cloth closes in the transverse passage, reducing the possibility of dust blown out of the main tunnel entering the auxiliary tunnel through the transverse passage, thereby reducing the possibility of the cleaned auxiliary tunnel being re-contaminated by dust and improving the dust blowing effect.

[0020] Optionally, the lifting assembly includes a fixed pulley, a movable pulley, and a lifting rope. The fixed pulley is rotatably mounted on the mounting frame, the movable pulley is rotatably mounted on the lifting bar, one end of the lifting rope is connected to the lifting bar, and the other end passes around the fixed pulley and the movable pulley in sequence and is connected to the outer peripheral wall of the drive roller.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the combination of fixed pulleys, movable pulleys and lifting ropes makes the lifting operation of the lifting bar more labor-saving (but not energy-saving), reduces the steering burden of the drive roller, and improves the overall ease of operation.

[0022] Optionally, a scissor lift is installed between the lifting bar and the mounting box. A limit ring is connected to the outer wall of the drive roller, and a limit rope is connected to the lifting bar. One end of the limit rope is connected to the lifting bar, and the other end is used to hook the limit ring. When the lifting bar is raised to force the cover cloth to close and pass through, and the limit rope is hooked to the limit ring, the gravity of the scissor lift forces the outlet end of the third connection to remain facing the opening of the main hole.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the scissor lift connects the lifting bar to the mounting box. When the lifting bar is raised, the scissor lift provides support for the shielding cloth, maintaining its shape and reducing the possibility of airflow blowing it down. With the setting of the limiting ring and limiting rope, after the lifting bar is raised and closed across the box, one end of the limiting rope is attached to the limiting ring, connecting the lifting bar to the drive roller. The gravity of the scissor lift acts on the limiting rope, balancing the steering force of the limiting rope and the third connecting part on the drive roller, thus limiting the rotation of the drive roller and forcing the outlet end of the third connecting part to remain facing the main opening, greatly improving the overall operational convenience of the structure.

[0024] Optionally, the third connecting part is a corrugated hose. A first connecting end is installed at the inlet end of the third connecting part, which is used to connect to the first connecting part. A second connecting end is installed at the outlet end of the third connecting part, which is used to connect to the air outlet pipe. The angles between the air delivery direction of the first connecting end and the air delivery direction of the first connecting part, and between the air delivery direction of the second connecting end and the air delivery direction of the air outlet pipe, are all obtuse angles. A plurality of shaping rings are sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the third connecting part. A shaping skeleton is provided between the first connecting end and the second connecting end, and all the shaping rings are connected to the shaping skeleton.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the third connecting part is set as a corrugated hose to reduce weight and facilitate the rotation of the third connecting part; at the same time, the setting of the first connecting end and the second connecting end is used to reduce the turning angle of the airflow in the connecting section, thereby reducing wind power loss and reducing the possibility of the airflow deforming the third connecting part; the setting of the shaping ring and the shaping skeleton is used to compensate for the structural strength of the third connecting part, further reducing the possibility of the third connecting part deforming under the action of airflow and improving the stability of air delivery.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By setting up primary and secondary air supply components, when the excavation length of the auxiliary tunnel is less than 1km, a first fan is installed at the tunnel entrance, and air is introduced into the auxiliary tunnel through a first duct. The first fan supplies air into the auxiliary tunnel, forcing fresh outside air into the tunnel. When the excavation length of the auxiliary tunnel exceeds 1km, a secondary air supply component is installed inside the auxiliary tunnel. Part of the airflow from the first duct is blown towards the excavation face of the auxiliary tunnel by the second fan, and the other part is blown towards the excavation face of the main tunnel by the third fan. After reaching the excavation face of either the main tunnel or the auxiliary tunnel, the airflow flows back, effectively blowing out dust generated during construction, creating good air circulation, and effectively removing dust and exhaust gases. As the length of the auxiliary tunnel continues to increase, the number of secondary air supply components also increases to maintain good ventilation efficiency and ensure the safety of construction personnel. 2. By configuring the drive components, as the length of the main tunnel and auxiliary tunnel increases and the first and second stage air supply components are installed, the connection between the outlet pipe and the third connection part of the original second stage air supply component is removed. Then, the outlet pipe is driven to move into the tunnel, connecting with the third connection part of the first and second stage air supply component. Next, the drive components drive the third connection part of the original second stage air supply component to rotate, so that this third connection part faces the entrance of the main tunnel. During the air supply stage, the airflow from the first and second stage air supply components, under the action of the outlet pipe, blows towards the excavation face of the main tunnel and then flows back. The original second stage air supply component faces the entrance of the main tunnel to blow the returning airflow towards the entrance of the main tunnel. As the length of the main tunnel and auxiliary tunnel continues to increase, the number of second stage air supply components also continues to increase. Except for the innermost second stage air supply component, whose air supply direction is towards the excavation face of the main tunnel, the air supply direction of the remaining second stage air supply components is rotated to face the entrance of the main tunnel, greatly improving the air circulation effect and dust discharge efficiency. 3. The scissor lift mechanism connects the lifting bar to the mounting box. When the lifting bar is raised, the scissor lift provides support for the covering cloth, maintaining its shape and reducing the likelihood of it being blown down by airflow. With the addition of a limiting ring and a limiting rope, after the lifting bar is raised and closed, one end of the limiting rope is attached to the limiting ring, connecting the lifting bar to the drive roller. The weight of the scissor lift acts on the limiting rope, balancing the steering force of the limiting rope and the third connecting part on the drive roller, thus limiting the rotation of the drive roller. This forces the outlet end of the third connecting part to remain facing the main opening, greatly improving the overall ease of operation. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the primary air supply assembly in Embodiment 1; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 illustrating the secondary air supply assembly; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the connecting segment in Example 2; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the driving component in Embodiment 2; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the transition gear in Embodiment 2; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the drive ring in Example 2; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the lifting component in Embodiment 3; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pre-shaped skeleton in Example 4; Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional view of Embodiment 4, showing the first and second connecting ends.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Main tunnel; 11. Air outlet pipe; 12. Slide rail; 13. Sliding seat; 14. Fourth fan; 15. Fourth duct; 2. Auxiliary tunnel; 21. Cross passage; 211. Mounting bracket; 22. Air damper; 3. Primary air supply assembly; 31. First fan; 32. First duct; 4. Secondary air supply assembly; 41. Second fan; 42. Third fan; 43. Second duct; 5. Third duct; 51. Air inlet section; 52. Connecting section; 521. First connecting part; 5211. Mounting ring; 5212. Second anti-rotation hole; 522. Second connecting part; 523. Third connecting part; 524. Rotating ring; 5241. Mounting groove; 525. First connecting end; 526. Second connecting end; 527. Shaping ring; 6. Drive assembly; 61. Drive ring; 611. First anti-rotation hole; 612. Anti-rotation bolt; 62. First gear; 63. First gear ring; 64. Transition gear; 65. Drive roller; 651. Limiting ring; 652. Rotary disk; 653. Drive rod; 66. Second gear; 67. Second gear ring; 7. Mounting box; 71. Covering cloth; 72. Lifting strip; 721. Limiting rope; 73. Scissor lift; 74. Take-up and release roller; 8. Lifting assembly; 81. Fixed pulley; 82. Moving pulley; 83. Lifting rope; 9. Shaping frame; 91. Shaping strip; 911. Connecting groove; 912. Through groove; 92. Shaping rod; 921. Anti-detachment head; 922. Second limiting nut; 93. Connecting rod; 931. First limiting nut; 94. Connecting block; 941. Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 10 This application will be described in further detail. Example 1

[0030] This application discloses a ventilation system for parallel pilot tunnels in high-altitude areas.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 A parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system for high-altitude tunnels includes a main tunnel 1, an auxiliary tunnel 2, a primary air supply assembly 3, and a secondary air supply assembly 4. The main tunnel 1 and the auxiliary tunnel 2 are arranged in parallel. The primary air supply assembly 3 includes a first fan 31 and a first duct 32. The first fan 31 is installed at the entrance of the auxiliary tunnel 2, and the first duct 32 is installed inside the auxiliary tunnel 2. The length direction of the first duct 32 is consistent with the length direction of the auxiliary tunnel 2. One end of the first duct 32 extends out of the auxiliary tunnel 2 and is connected to the air outlet of the first fan 31, while the other end extends into the auxiliary tunnel 2. In this embodiment, a clamp (not shown in the figure of this embodiment) is installed on the peripheral wall of the first duct 32. The clamp can be fixed to the inner wall of the auxiliary tunnel 2 by expansion bolts so that the first duct 32 is installed inside the auxiliary tunnel 2.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 A fourth fan 14 is installed at the entrance of the main tunnel 1, and a fourth duct 15 is installed inside the main tunnel 1. The length direction of the fourth duct 15 is consistent with the length direction of the main tunnel 1. One end of the fourth duct 15 extends out of the main tunnel 1 and connects to the air outlet of the fourth fan 14, while the other end extends into the main tunnel 1. The installation method between the fourth duct 15 and the main tunnel 1 is the same as the installation method between the first duct 32 and the auxiliary tunnel 2, and the installation method of the fourth duct 15 will not be described again here.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 Along the construction direction, multiple sets of secondary air supply components 4 are sequentially installed (only one set is shown in the figure); the secondary air supply components 4 include a second fan 41, a third fan 42, a second air duct 43, and a third air duct 5. The second fan 41 and the third fan 42 are both installed in the auxiliary tunnel 2 and located on the side of the first air duct 32 away from the first fan 31. The second fan 41 and the third fan 42 are arranged side by side; one end of the second air duct 43 is connected to the second fan 41, and the other end faces the excavation face of the auxiliary tunnel 2. One end of the third air duct 5 is connected to the third fan 42, and the other end passes through the main tunnel 1 and faces the excavation face of the main tunnel 1. The second air duct 43 and the third air duct 5 are both installed on the inner wall of the auxiliary tunnel 2 by clamps.

[0034] It should be noted that in this embodiment, when the excavation depth of the main tunnel 1 and the auxiliary tunnel 2 does not exceed 1km, only the primary air supply component 3 is arranged. When the excavation depth of the main tunnel 1 and the auxiliary tunnel 2 exceeds 1km, the secondary air supply component 4 is arranged. As the excavation depth of the main tunnel 1 and the auxiliary tunnel 2 continues to increase, the number of secondary air supply components 4 is also increased accordingly.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 A transverse passage 21 is provided on the inner wall of the auxiliary tunnel 2 near the main tunnel 1. The transverse passage 21 connects to the main tunnel 1. The main tunnel 1 and the auxiliary tunnel 2 are connected to each other through the transverse passage 21. Multiple transverse passages 21 are set in sequence along the construction direction (that is, as the excavation depth of the auxiliary tunnel 2 increases, the number of transverse passages 21 also increases accordingly). The third ventilation duct 5 passes through the transverse passage 21 into the main tunnel 1. An air damper 22 is installed between the second fan 41 and the third fan 42. The air damper 22 is used to block the airflow and dust from flowing back to the opening of the auxiliary tunnel 2.

[0036] Reference Figure 2An air outlet pipe 11 is installed inside the main tunnel 1. The length direction of the air outlet pipe 11 is consistent with the length direction of the main tunnel 1. The outlet end of the air outlet pipe 11 faces the excavation face of the main tunnel 1. In this embodiment, the installation form between the air outlet pipe 11 and the main tunnel 1 and the installation form between the first air duct 32 and the auxiliary tunnel 2 are the same. The installation form of the air outlet pipe 11 will not be described again here. The outlet end of the third air duct 5 is connected to the inlet end of the air outlet pipe 11. The outlet end of the third air duct 5 faces the excavation face of the main tunnel 1 through the air outlet pipe 11.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 The third air duct 5 includes an air inlet section 51 and a connecting section 52. The air inlet section 51 is located inside the auxiliary tunnel 2, and its inlet end is connected to the third fan 42. The connecting section 52 is located inside the transverse tunnel 21, and its inlet end is connected to the outlet end of the air inlet section 51. The outlet end of the connecting section 52 is connected to the inlet end of the exhaust pipe 11. In this embodiment, the connecting section 52 is inclined, and the distance from the inlet end of the connecting section 52 to the opening of the auxiliary tunnel 2 is less than the distance from the outlet end of the connecting section 52 to the opening of the main tunnel 1. Both the air inlet section 51 and the exhaust pipe 11 are formed into a long strip by splicing multiple pipe sections. Adjacent pipe sections are connected to each other and to the connecting section 52 by flanges to form a whole.

[0038] It should be noted that when multiple secondary air supply components 4 are installed, except for the transverse passage 21 corresponding to the secondary air supply component 4 closest to the excavation face which remains unobstructed, the other transverse passages 21 need to be sealed to reduce the possibility of dust in the main tunnel 1 entering the auxiliary tunnel 2. The sealing can be done by constructing a wind wall.

[0039] The implementation principle of Embodiment 1 of this application is as follows: When the excavation length of the auxiliary tunnel 2 is less than 1km, a first fan 31 is installed at the entrance of the auxiliary tunnel 2 and introduced into the auxiliary tunnel 2 through a first air duct 32. The first fan 31 supplies air into the auxiliary tunnel 2, which can compress fresh air from the outside into the tunnel. After the excavation length of the auxiliary tunnel 2 exceeds 1km, a secondary air supply assembly 4 is installed in the auxiliary tunnel 2. Part of the airflow supplied by the first air duct 32 is blown towards the excavation face of the auxiliary tunnel 2 along the second air duct 43 under the action of the second fan 41, and the other part is blown towards the excavation face of the main tunnel 1 along the third air duct 5 under the action of the third fan 42. After the airflow in the auxiliary tunnel 2 flows back, it enters the main tunnel 1 through the transverse passage 21 and is discharged from the main tunnel 1 together with the airflow flowing back in the main tunnel 1. This can blow out the dust generated by the construction work in the tunnel, form a good air circulation, and effectively remove dust and exhaust gas. As the length of the auxiliary tunnel 2 continues to increase, the number of secondary air supply components 4 also increases to maintain good ventilation efficiency and ensure the safety of construction personnel. Example 2

[0040] This application discloses a ventilation system for parallel pilot tunnels in high-altitude areas.

[0041] Reference Figure 3 The difference between the high-altitude tunnel parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system disclosed in this application and Embodiment 1 is that: In this embodiment, a slide rail 12 is installed on the inner wall of the main hole 1. The two ends of the slide rail 12 extend along the length direction of the main hole 1. The slide rail 12 can be fixedly installed on the inner wall of the main hole 1 by expansion bolts. Multiple sliding seats 13 are slidably installed on the slide rail 12. The clamp on the outer wall of the air outlet pipe 11 is fixedly connected to the sliding seat 13 so that the air outlet pipe 11 is slidably installed on the slide rail 12 and can slide along the length direction of the main hole 1.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 The connecting section 52 includes a first connecting part 521, a second connecting part 522, and a third connecting part 523. A mounting bracket 211 is fixedly installed across the inner wall of the transverse section 21. The first connecting part 521 is fixedly installed on the mounting bracket 211 and is supported in the transverse section 21 by the mounting bracket 211. The length direction of the first connecting part 521 is perpendicular to the length direction of the air outlet pipe 11. One end of the second connecting part 522 is connected to the first connecting part 521, and the other end is connected to the outlet end of the air inlet section 51. One end of the third connecting part 523 is rotatably connected to the end of the first connecting part 521 away from the second connecting part 522, and the other end is detachably connected to the inlet end of the air outlet pipe 11 by a flange connection.

[0043] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 A rotating ring 524 is rotatably connected to the peripheral wall of the first connecting part 521. The rotating ring 524 and the first connecting part 521 are coaxially arranged so that they can rotate around the central axis of the first connecting part 521. The end of the third connecting part 523 away from the air outlet pipe 11 is installed on the surface of the rotating ring 524 through a flange and communicates with the first connecting part 521. The third connecting part 523 is rotatably connected to the first connecting part 521 through the rotating ring 524.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5The first connecting part 521 is provided with a driving assembly 6, which is used to drive the third connecting part 523 to rotate around the central axis of the first connecting part 521. The driving assembly 6 includes a driving ring 61, a first gear 62, a first gear ring 63, a transition gear 64, and a driving component. The driving ring 61 is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the first connecting part 521. The driving ring 61 is located on the side of the rotating ring 524 near the auxiliary hole 2. The driving ring 61 and the first connecting part 521 are coaxially arranged so that they can rotate around the central axis of the first connecting part 521. The first gear 62 is coaxially fixed to the surface of the driving ring 61 near the rotating ring 524. The surface of the rotating ring 524 near the driving ring 61 is provided with a mounting groove 5241 for the first gear 62 to be inserted. The first gear ring 63 is installed on the inner wall of the mounting groove 5241 and is coaxially arranged with the rotating ring 524. In this embodiment, the diameter of the first gear ring 63 is larger than the diameter of the first gear 62.

[0045] Reference Figure 5 An mounting ring 5211 is fixedly installed on the outer peripheral wall of the first connecting part 521. The mounting ring 5211 is located in the mounting groove 5241. The transition gear 64 is rotatably connected to the mounting ring 5211 of the first connecting part 521 and is located between the first gear 62 and the first gear ring 63. The transition gear 64 and the first gear 62 are meshed and driven, as are the transition gear 64 and the first gear ring 63. In this embodiment, the number of transition gears 64 is set to multiple, and the multiple transition gears 64 are arranged at intervals around the central axis of the first connecting part 521.

[0046] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 A driving component is disposed on the driving ring 61 to drive the driving ring 61 to rotate around the central axis of the first connecting part 521. The driving component includes a driving roller 65, a second gear 66, and a second gear ring 67. The driving roller 65 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 211 and is located on one side of the first connecting part 521 and is arranged parallel to the first connecting part 521. The second gear 66 is coaxially fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the driving roller 65, and the second gear ring 67 is coaxially connected to the outer peripheral wall of the driving ring 61. The second gear 66 and the second gear ring 67 mesh and drive each other. In this embodiment, the diameter of the second gear ring 67 is larger than the diameter of the second gear 66, and the diameter of the second gear ring 67 is larger than the diameter of the first gear 62.

[0047] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6One end of the drive roller 65 is fixedly mounted with a rotating disk 652, and the rotating disk 652 is fixedly mounted with a drive rod 653 for driving the rotating disk 652 to rotate; the surface of the drive ring 61 is provided with a plurality of first anti-rotation holes 611, and the surface of the mounting ring 5211 is provided with a plurality of second anti-rotation holes 5212; the drive ring 61 is mounted with an anti-rotation bolt 612, which passes through the first anti-rotation hole 611 and the second anti-rotation hole 5212 in sequence and is threadedly connected to the second anti-rotation hole 5212; in other embodiments, the drive roller 65 can be driven by a motor.

[0048] The implementation principle of Embodiment 2 of this application is as follows: As the lengths of the main tunnel 1 and the auxiliary tunnel 2 increase and the first and second stage air supply components 4 are arranged, the connection between the outlet pipe 11 and the third connecting part 523 in the original second stage air supply component 4 is removed. Then, the outlet pipe 11 is driven to move into the tunnel, so that the outlet pipe 11 connects to the third connecting part 523 of the first and second stage air supply component 4. Then, the third connecting part 523 in the original second stage air supply component 4 is driven to rotate by the drive component 6, so that the third connecting part 523 faces the opening of the main tunnel 1. During the air supply stage, the airflow of the first and second stage air supply component 4 blows towards the excavation face of the main tunnel 1 under the action of the outlet pipe 11 and then flows back. The original second stage air supply component 4 faces the opening of the main tunnel 1 so as to blow the back airflow towards the opening of the main tunnel 1. As the lengths of the main tunnel 1 and the auxiliary tunnel 2 continue to increase, the number of secondary air supply components 4 also continues to increase. Except for the innermost secondary air supply component 4, whose air supply direction is towards the excavation face of the main tunnel 1, the air supply direction of the remaining secondary air supply components 4 is rotated to face the tunnel opening of the main tunnel 1, which greatly improves the air circulation effect and increases the dust discharge efficiency.

[0049] The arrangement of the first gear 62, the first gear ring 63, the second gear 66, and the second gear ring 67 makes it easier to drive the third connecting part 523 to rotate, thus improving the overall ease of operation. Example 3

[0050] This application discloses a ventilation system for parallel pilot tunnels in high-altitude areas.

[0051] Reference Figure 7 The difference between the high-altitude tunnel parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system disclosed in this application and Embodiment 2 is that: In this embodiment, an installation box 7 is installed at the bottom of the transverse passage 21. The installation box 7 is fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the transverse passage 21 by bolt connection (bolt connection is not shown in the figure). The installation box 7 is long and narrow, and the length direction of the installation box 7 is consistent with the length direction of the main hole 1. A take-up roller 74 is rotatably installed inside the installation box 7. A shielding cloth 71 for closing the transverse passage 21 is wound around the outer peripheral wall of the take-up roller 74. In this embodiment, the shielding cloth 71 is used to shield the transverse passage 21. A coil spring (not shown in the figure) is installed between the take-up roller 74 and the installation box 7. The coil spring normally forces the take-up roller 74 to take up the shielding cloth 71.

[0052] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 The top of the mounting box 7 is equipped with a lifting strip 72 for pulling out the cover cloth 71. One side of the cover cloth 71 extends out of the mounting box 7 and is fixedly connected to the lifting strip 72. A scissor lift 73 is installed between the lifting strip 72 and the mounting box 7 (the scissor lift 73 is prior art and its structure will not be described in detail here). The lifting strip 72 is connected to the mounting box 7 through the scissor lift 73 and can be raised and lowered. It should be noted that there are two cover cloths 71 in this embodiment (that is, there are two corresponding take-up and release rollers 74). When the lifting strip 72 is raised, the scissor lift 73 is located between the two cover cloths 71.

[0053] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 The drive roller 65 is provided with a lifting assembly 8 for lifting the lifting bar 72. The lifting assembly 8 includes a fixed pulley 81, a movable pulley 82 and a lifting rope 83. The fixed pulley 81 is rotatably mounted on the mounting frame 211, the movable pulley 82 is rotatably mounted on the top of the lifting bar 72, one end of the lifting rope 83 is connected to the lifting bar 72, and the other end passes around the fixed pulley 81 and the movable pulley 82 in sequence and is connected to the outer peripheral wall of the drive roller 65.

[0054] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 In this embodiment, a limiting ring 651 is fixedly installed on the outer peripheral wall of the drive roller 65, and a limiting rope 721 is connected to the lifting bar 72. One end of the limiting rope 721 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the lifting bar 72, and the other end is fixedly connected to a carabiner (the carabiner is prior art, and its structure will not be described in detail here, nor is it shown in the figure). The carabiner is used to hook the limiting ring 651, and the limiting rope 721 is hooked to the limiting ring 651 through the carabiner. When the lifting bar 72 is raised, forcing the cover cloth 71 to close across 21, and the limiting rope 721 is hooked to the limiting ring 651, the gravity of the scissor lift 73 forces the outlet end of the third connecting part 523 to remain facing the opening of the main hole 1.

[0055] The implementation principle of Embodiment 3 of this application is as follows: the drive roller 65 is rotated to drive the outlet end of the third connecting part 523 to rotate toward the opening of the main hole 1. During this process, the drive roller 65 forces the lifting strip 72 to rise and pull out the shielding cloth 71 to block the transverse passage 21. The scissor bracket 73 can support the shielding cloth 71, keep the shielding cloth 71 in shape, and reduce the possibility of the airflow blowing down the shielding cloth 71. The combination of the fixed pulley 81, the movable pulley 82 and the lifting rope 83 makes the lifting operation of the lifting strip 72 easier, reduces the turning burden of the drive roller 65, and improves the overall ease of operation.

[0056] After the lifting bar 72 is raised and closed across 21, one end of the limiting rope 721 is attached to the limiting ring 651, so that the lifting bar 72 is connected to the drive roller 65. The gravity of the scissor lift 73 acts on the limiting rope 721, so that the steering force of the limiting rope 721 and the third connecting part 523 on the drive roller 65 is balanced, thereby limiting the rotation of the drive roller 65. This forces the outlet end of the third connecting part 523 to remain facing the opening of the main hole 1, which greatly improves the operational convenience of the overall structure. Example 4

[0057] This application discloses a ventilation system for parallel pilot tunnels in high-altitude areas.

[0058] Reference Figure 9 , Figure 10 The difference between the high-altitude tunnel parallel pilot tunnel ventilation system disclosed in this application and Embodiment 2 is that: In this embodiment, the third connecting part 523 is a corrugated hose. The inlet end of the third connecting part 523 is equipped with a first connecting end 525. The first connecting end 525 is installed on the rotating ring 524 of the first connecting part 521 through a flange. The outlet end of the third connecting part 523 is equipped with a second connecting end 526. The second connecting end 526 is installed on the air outlet pipe 11 through a flange. The third connecting part 523 and the first connecting end 525, and the third connecting part 523 and the second connecting end 526 are all connected and fixed by hose clamps (not shown in the figure).

[0059] Reference Figure 9 , Figure 10 In this embodiment, the angles between the air delivery direction of the first connecting end 525 and the air delivery direction of the first connecting part 521, and between the air delivery direction of the second connecting end 526 and the air delivery direction of the outlet pipe 11 are all obtuse angles, in order to reduce the bending angle of the airflow; the outer peripheral wall of the third connecting part 523 is fitted with a plurality of shaping rings 527, and a shaping frame 9 is installed between the first connecting end 525 and the second connecting end 526, and all the shaping rings 527 are connected to the shaping frame 9.

[0060] Reference Figure 9The shaping frame 9 includes a shaping strip 91 and a shaping rod 92. The outer walls of the first connecting end 525 and the second connecting end 526 are both fixedly installed with connecting rods 93. The shaping strip 91 has two connecting grooves 911. Both ends of the two connecting grooves 911 extend along the length of the shaping strip 91. The two connecting grooves 911 are corresponding to the two connecting rods 93. Each connecting rod 93 is inserted into the corresponding connecting groove 911. Each connecting rod 93 is provided with a first limiting nut 931. The first limiting nut 931 is sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod 93 and threadedly connected to the connecting rod 93. The shaping strip 91 is connected in series with the first connecting end 525 and the second connecting end 526 through the two connecting rods 93.

[0061] The side wall of the shaping strip 91 is provided with a through groove 912, which is located between two mating grooves 911. The two ends of the through groove 912 extend along the length of the shaping strip 91. Each shaping ring 527 has a mating block 94 rotatably mounted on its outer wall, and the mating block 94 has a through hole 941. The number of shaping rods 92 corresponds to the number of shaping rings 527, and the shaping rods 92 pass through the through holes 941 of the mating blocks 94 of the corresponding shaping rings 527 in sequence. The 41 and the through groove 912 of the shaping strip 91, the end of the shaping rod 92 away from the shaping strip 91 is fixedly connected to the anti-detachment head 921, the outer diameter of the anti-detachment head 921 is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole 941; the end of the shaping rod 92 away from the anti-detachment head 921 is equipped with a second limiting nut 922, the second limiting nut 922 is sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the shaping rod 92 and threadedly connected to the shaping rod 92, so that the mating block 94 of the shaping ring 527 is connected to the shaping strip 91.

[0062] The implementation principle of Embodiment 4 of this application is as follows: the third connecting part 523 is set as a corrugated hose to reduce weight and facilitate the rotation of the third connecting part 523; at the same time, the first connecting end 525 and the second connecting end 526 are set to reduce the turning angle of the airflow in the connecting section 52, thereby reducing the loss of wind power and reducing the possibility that the airflow will deform the third connecting part 523; the shaping ring 527 and the shaping skeleton 9 are set to compensate for the structural strength of the third connecting part 523, further reducing the possibility that the third connecting part 523 will deform under the action of airflow and improving the stability of air delivery.

[0063] The above are preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. Parallel tunnel ventilation system for tunnels in high altitude areas, characterized by: The invention comprises a main tunnel (1), an auxiliary tunnel (2), a primary air supply assembly (3) and a secondary air supply assembly (4), wherein the primary air supply assembly (3) comprises a first fan (31) and a first air duct (32), wherein the first fan (31) is arranged at the opening of the auxiliary tunnel (2), and the first air duct (32) has one end connected to the first fan (31) and the other end extending into the auxiliary tunnel (2); along the construction direction, the secondary air supply assembly (4) is sequentially arranged in a plurality of groups, wherein the secondary air supply assembly (4) comprises a second fan (4 1), a third fan (42), a second air duct (43) and a third air duct (5), wherein the second fan (41) and the third fan (42) are both arranged in the auxiliary tunnel (2) and are located on a side of the first air duct (32) away from the first fan (31), one end of the second air duct (43) is connected to the second fan (41), and the other end faces the excavation surface of the auxiliary tunnel (2); one end of the third air duct (5) is connected to the third fan (42), and the other end penetrates into the main tunnel (1) and faces the excavation surface of the main tunnel (1).

2. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary tunnel (2) is provided with a cross-hole (21) connected to the main tunnel (1), and a plurality of the cross-holes (21) are arranged in sequence along the construction direction, and the third air duct (5) penetrates into the main tunnel (1) through the cross-hole (21); a damper (22) is installed between the second fan (41) and the third fan (42), and the damper (22) is used to prevent airflow and dust from flowing back toward the opening of the auxiliary tunnel (2).

3. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air outlet pipe (11) is installed in the main hole (1), and the outlet end of the air outlet pipe (11) faces the excavation surface of the main hole (1); the third air duct (5) comprises an air inlet section (51) and a connecting section (52), the air inlet section (51) is arranged in the auxiliary hole (2), and the inlet end of the air inlet section (51) is connected to the third fan (42); the connecting section (52) is arranged in the cross section (21), the inlet end of the connecting section (52) is connected to the outlet end of the air inlet section (51), and the outlet end of the connecting section (52) is connected to the inlet end of the air outlet pipe (11).

4. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The inner wall of the main hole (1) is provided with a slide rail (12), a slide seat (13) is slidably mounted on the slide rail (12), the air outlet pipe (11) is connected to the slide seat (13), the air outlet pipe (11) is slidably mounted in the main hole (1) through the slide seat (13) and can slide along the length direction of the main hole (1); the connecting section (52) comprises a first connecting portion (521), a second connecting portion (522) and a third connecting portion (523), the first connecting portion (521) Arranged in the cross-section (21), one end of the second connection part (522) is connected to the first connection part (521), and the other end is connected to the outlet end of the air inlet section (51); one end of the third connection part (523) is rotatably connected to one end of the first connection part (521) away from the second connection part (522), and the other end is detachably connected to the inlet end of the air outlet pipe (11); the first connection part (521) is provided with a driving component (6) for driving the third connection part (523) to rotate.

5. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The peripheral wall of the first connecting portion (521) is rotatably connected to a rotating ring (524); the third connecting portion (523) is connected to the rotating ring (524) and communicates with the first connecting portion (521); the driving assembly (6) comprises a driving ring (61), a first gear (62), a first gear ring (63), a transition gear (64) and a driving member; the driving ring (61) is rotatably connected to the peripheral wall of the first connecting portion (521); the first gear (62) is coaxially connected to the driving ring (61); The first gear ring (63) is coaxially connected to the rotating ring (524), and the diameter of the first gear ring (63) is greater than the diameter of the first gear (62); the transition gear (64) is rotatably connected to the first connecting portion (521) and is located between the first gear (62) and the first gear ring (63), and the transition gear (64) and the first gear ring (63) are meshed and transmitted; the driving member is arranged on the driving ring (61) to drive the driving ring (61) to rotate.

6. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A mounting frame (211) is provided in the cross-section (21), and the first connecting portion (521) is provided on the mounting frame (211), and the first connecting portion (521) is mounted in the cross-section (21) through the mounting frame (211); the driving member comprises a driving roller (65), a second gear (66) and a second gear ring (67), the driving roller (65) is rotatably connected to the mounting frame (211), the second gear (66) is coaxially connected to the driving roller (65), the second gear ring (67) is coaxially connected to the driving ring (61), the second gear (66) and the second gear ring (67) are meshed for transmission, the diameter of the second gear ring (67) is greater than the diameter of the second gear (66), and the diameter of the second gear ring (67) is greater than the diameter of the first gear (62).

7. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A mounting box (7) is installed at the bottom of the cross-section (21), a shielding cloth (71) for closing the cross-section (21) is wound inside the mounting box (7), a lifting bar (72) for pulling out the shielding cloth (71) is arranged at the top of the mounting box (7), and the driving roller (65) is provided with a lifting component (8) for lifting the lifting bar (72).

8. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lifting assembly (8) comprises a fixed pulley (81), a movable pulley (82) and a lifting rope (83); the fixed pulley (81) is rotatably mounted on the mounting frame (211); the movable pulley (82) is rotatably mounted on the lifting bar (72); one end of the lifting rope (83) is connected to the lifting bar (72), and the other end of the lifting rope (83) passes through the fixed pulley (81) and the movable pulley (82) in sequence and is connected to the outer peripheral wall of the driving roller (65).

9. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A scissor frame (73) is installed between the lifting bar (72) and the installation box (7), the outer wall of the driving roller (65) is connected to a limiting ring (651), the lifting bar (72) is connected to a limiting rope (721), one end of the limiting rope (721) is connected to the lifting bar (72), and the other end is used to hang the limiting ring (651), when the lifting bar (72) is lifted to force the shielding cloth (71) to close and cross (21), and the limiting rope (721) is hung on the limiting ring (651), the gravity of the scissor frame (73) forces the outlet end of the third connecting part (523) to remain facing the opening of the main hole (1).

10. The high altitude area tunnel parallel guide tunnel ventilation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third connection part (523) is a corrugated hose, and the inlet end of the third connection part (523) is equipped with a first connection end (525), and the first connection end (525) is used to connect to the first connection part (521); the outlet end of the third connection part (523) is equipped with a second connection end (526), ​​and the second connection end (526) is used to connect to the air outlet pipe (11); the angles between the air supply direction of the first connection end (525) and the air supply direction of the first connection part (521), and the angles between the air supply direction of the second connection end (526) and the air supply direction of the air outlet pipe (11) are both obtuse angles; the outer peripheral wall of the third connection part (523) is sleeved with a plurality of shaping rings (527), and a shaping frame (9) is provided between the first connection end (525) and the second connection end (526), ​​and all shaping rings (527) are connected to the shaping frame (9).

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