Nickel-based alloy casting equipment and casting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of nickel-based alloys, in particular to nickel-based alloy casting equipment and a casting method.The nickel-based alloy casting equipment comprises a smelting furnace, the smelting furnace comprises a furnace body and a heating coil arranged in the furnace body, a crucible is arranged on an inner ring of the heating coil, and a connecting assembly is arranged between the crucible and an end cover of an upper end opening of the furnace body; the connecting assembly comprises vertical rods symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of the end cover, the lower end of each vertical rod is fixedly connected with a vertical plate, a ring body is arranged between the opposite side walls of the two vertical plates, and the outer ring of the ring body is symmetrically and rotationally connected to the vertical plates; according to the nickel-based alloy casting equipment, the charging process is simplified, and the crucible is connected to the end cover, so that the raw material charging process is simpler and more convenient, an operator does not need to carry out complex charging operation in a narrow furnace body cavity and only needs to carry out charging on the end cover, and the operation difficulty and the labor intensity are reduced; and due to the fact that the charging process is more convenient, the charging time can be remarkably shortened, and the production efficiency of the whole smelting process is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of nickel-based alloys, in particular to a nickel-based alloy melting and casting device and a melting and casting method. Background Art

[0002] In the coating industry, nickel-based alloy films are widely used in surface strengthening films such as wear-resistant, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant films, as well as high-end technology industries such as low-emissivity glass, microelectronics, magnetic recording, semiconductors and thin film resistors due to their high resistivity, low resistance temperature coefficient, high sensitivity coefficient, good thermal stability and chemical stability, easy preparation and stable performance. Therefore, the demand for nickel-based alloys at home and abroad is increasing.

[0003] Nickel-based alloys are made by putting a variety of metal powder raw materials into a smelting furnace, heating and melting them, then taking out the cast nickel-based alloy ingots, and then mechanically processing them into nickel-based alloy films; in the process of taking out the molten material, the sealing cover of the smelting furnace must be opened first, and then the alumina crucible in the smelting furnace can be taken out, and all of them need to be done step by step, with many links, making the operation complicated. At the same time, in the early stage of smelting, the alumina crucible must be placed first, and then the sealing cover must be installed. The process is also relatively cumbersome, resulting in frequent contact between the operator and the smelting furnace, affecting the processing efficiency and increasing the risk of production safety.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above problems, a nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment and a melting and casting method are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment described in the present invention comprises a melting furnace, the melting furnace comprises a furnace body and a heating coil arranged in the furnace body, a crucible is arranged in the inner circle of the heating coil, and a connecting component is arranged between the crucible and the end cover of the upper port of the furnace body; The connecting assembly includes vertical rods symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of the end cover, the lower end of each vertical rod is fixedly connected to a vertical plate, a ring body is arranged between the opposite side walls of the two vertical plates, and the outer ring of the ring body is symmetrically rotated and connected to the vertical plate; The upper end surface of the ring body is symmetrically provided with fixing holes, each of which is close to the rotation connection point between the vertical plate and the ring body; Each vertical rod is also sleeved with a sliding sleeve, one side of the lower end of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with a fixing pin, the sliding sleeve slides to the upper end surface of the vertical plate, and the fixing pin is embedded in the fixing hole.

[0007] Preferably, a material unloading assembly for unloading materials in cooperation with the crucible is provided on one side of the furnace body, and the material unloading assembly comprises two symmetrical support frames, the upper ends of the support frames are arranged in an "L" shape, and two opposite notches are provided at the upper ends of the two support frames; A rotating assembly is also arranged between the two support frames. The rotating assembly comprises a base adapted to the crucible. Handles are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the base. The handles are rotatably connected to the support frame.

[0008] Preferably, each vertical rod outer ring is provided with a flat portion, the flat portion is arranged along the axis direction of the vertical rod, and each vertical rod outer ring is also provided with a limit bar, the limit bar is arranged along the axis direction of the vertical rod, the limit bar is arranged close to the crucible, and the limit bar is arranged opposite to the flat portion; Each sliding sleeve is provided with a sliding opening adapted to the limiting strip, and the sliding opening is arranged along the axis direction of the sliding sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, a lifting assembly is arranged above the furnace body, and the lifting assembly includes a guide rail erected on the ground, a slider is slidably connected in the guide rail, a screw rod is threadedly connected in the slider, the end of the screw rod extends to the end of the guide rail, a hydraulic rod is fixedly connected below the slider, and the output end of the hydraulic rod is connected to the end cover.

[0010] Preferably, the output end of the hydraulic rod is rotatably connected to a driven shaft, the driven shaft is fixedly connected to a driven tooth, the driven tooth meshes with a driving tooth, the driving tooth is fixedly connected to a motor, and the motor is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod; A "cross" shaped lifting block is fixedly connected to the lower end of the driven shaft, and grooves are provided on the upper surfaces of the four ends of the lifting block; Four L-shaped fixing blocks are evenly fixed to the upper surface of the end cover, the lower surface of the lifting block is close to the upper surface of the end cover, and the horizontal end of the fixing block is embedded in the groove.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of groups of distance sensors are provided on the upper surface of the guide rail, and two distance sensors in each group of distance sensors are arranged along the length direction of the guide rail; Two positioning grooves are symmetrically arranged on the upper end surface of the sliding block, and the distance between the two positioning grooves is the same as the distance between two adjacent distance sensors.

[0012] Preferably, a limit switch is provided on the top surface of each support frame, and a trigger end of the limit switch is arranged on a side above the notch.

[0013] Preferably, a heat insulation board is fixedly connected to the support frame.

[0014] A nickel-based alloy melting and casting method, the nickel-based alloy melting and casting method comprises the above-mentioned nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment, and the nickel-based alloy melting and casting method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Raw material preparation Raw material selection: Select rare earth oxide, metal nickel powder and metal chromium powder as raw materials; Proportion determination: According to the alloy composition design, determine the ratio of various raw materials, the type and addition amount of rare earth elements, and the ratio of metal nickel powder and metal chromium powder; Step 2: Vacuum melting Equipment preparation: Use a vacuum melting furnace to ensure that the vacuum degree and temperature control accuracy of the equipment meet the requirements; Melting process: Charging: Put the raw materials with good proportion into the alumina crucible, and then put the alumina crucible into the vacuum melting furnace; Vacuuming: Start the vacuum pump, observe the changes in the pressure gauge, and evacuate the furnace to the preset negative pressure value; Heating and melting: Control the casting temperature through contact temperature measurement, heat the raw materials to the melting temperature and make them melt completely; Casting: The casting rate is controlled by the casting time, and the molten alloy liquid is cast into the mold to form a nickel-based alloy ingot; Step 3: Ingot Processing Cooling: Cool the cast nickel-based alloy ingot naturally; Flaw detection: Use water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection method to detect defects inside the ingot; Surface treatment: Clean the surface of the ingot to remove oxide scale and inclusions.

[0015] Preferably, during the raw material preparation process, the raw materials are dried and sieved, and raw materials with purity and particle size that meet the requirements are selected.

[0016] The present invention is beneficial in that: 1. In the present invention, the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment simplifies the charging process, and the crucible is connected to the end cover, so that the raw material charging process is simpler. The operator does not need to perform complicated charging operations in the narrow furnace cavity, but only needs to load the materials on the end cover, which reduces the operating difficulty and labor intensity; improves production efficiency. Since the charging process is more convenient, the charging time can be significantly shortened, thereby improving the production efficiency of the entire smelting process.

[0017] 2. In the present invention, the crucible is connected to the end cover, so that the smelting process is more stable. During the smelting process, the position of the crucible will not change due to vibration or other factors, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the smelting and improving the quality of the final product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a first-view stereoscopic diagram of the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 A second perspective stereoscopic view of the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a front view of the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the cooperation between the end cover and the crucible in the present invention; Figure 5It is a three-dimensional diagram of the matching of the end cover and the connecting assembly in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the cooperation between the crucible and the ring body in the present invention; Figure 7 is a three-dimensional diagram of the connection assembly in the present invention; Figure 8 is a three-dimensional diagram of the hydraulic rod of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the cooperation between the hydraulic rod and the end cover in the present invention; Fig.10 is a three-dimensional diagram of the support frame of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the coordination between the support frame and the limit switch in the present invention; Fig.12 The figure is a flow chart of the nickel-based alloy melting and casting method of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1. melting furnace; 2. furnace body; 3. crucible; 4. end cover; 5. vertical rod; 6. vertical plate; 7. ring body; 8. fixing hole; 9. sliding sleeve; 10. fixing pin; 11. supporting frame; 12. notch; 13. base; 14. handle; 15. conveyor belt; 16. template; 17. flat part; 18. limit strip; 19. slide; 20. guide rail; 21. slider; 22. screw rod; 23. hydraulic rod; 24. feeding area; 25. melt area; 26. pouring area; 27. transition area; 28. driven shaft; 29. ​​driven gear; 30. driving gear; 31. lifting block; 32. groove; 33. fixing block; 34. distance sensor; 35. positioning groove; 36. limit switch; 37. trigger end; 39. heat insulation board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 7A nickel-based alloy melting and casting device comprises a melting furnace 1, wherein the melting furnace 1 comprises a furnace body 2 and a heating coil arranged in the furnace body 2, wherein a crucible 3 is arranged in the inner circle of the heating coil, and a connecting assembly is arranged between the crucible 3 and an end cover 4 at an upper port of the furnace body 2; the connecting assembly comprises vertical rods 5 symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of the end cover 4, wherein a vertical plate 6 is fixedly connected to the lower end of each vertical rod 5, and a ring body 7 is arranged between the opposite side walls of the two vertical plates 6, wherein the outer circle of the ring body 7 is symmetrically connected to the vertical plate 6 for rotation; and the upper end surface of the ring body 7 is symmetrically opened. A fixing hole 8, each fixing hole 8 is close to the rotation connection point between the vertical plate 6 and the ring body 7; each vertical rod 5 is also sleeved with a sliding sleeve 9, and a fixing pin 10 is fixedly connected to one side of the lower end of the sliding sleeve 9, and the sliding sleeve 9 slides to the upper end surface of the vertical plate 6, and the fixing pin 10 is embedded in the fixing hole 8; in this embodiment, the designed smelting furnace 1 is a vacuum smelting furnace 1, and a negative pressure device is arranged on one side of the smelting furnace 1, which can pump the smelting furnace 1 to a high vacuum state to prevent the raw materials from oxidizing during the smelting process; the crucible 3 is an alumina crucible 3; In this embodiment, the purpose is to connect the end cover 4 of the sealed furnace body 2 with the crucible 3 for synchronous operation; the end cover 4 is hoisted and raised by a hoisting device, and the crucible 3 is connected to the bottom of the end cover 4 by a connecting assembly; the crucible 3 is located in the ring body 7, and the crucible 3 is truncated as a whole. The crucible 3 can be located in the ring body 7 without falling, and the outer ring of the ring body 7 is symmetrically rotatably connected to the vertical plate 6, and the vertical plate 6 is fixed to the lower surface of the end cover 4 by the vertical rod 5. When the end cover 4 is lifted or moved horizontally, the crucible 3 will also be driven to move in the vertical and horizontal directions, that is, the end cover 4 is connected to the crucible 3 together; simplify the loading process, connect the crucible 3 to the end cover 4, so that the raw material loading process is simpler, and the operator does not need to perform complicated loading operations in the narrow furnace body 2 cavity, but only needs to load on the end cover 4, which reduces the difficulty of operation and labor intensity; improve production efficiency, because the loading process is more convenient, the loading time can be significantly shortened, thereby improving the production efficiency of the entire smelting process. After the loading of the furnace body 2 is completed, the end cover 4 can be transferred to realize the movement of the crucible 3. When the end cover 4 is installed and sealed on the upper port of the furnace body 2, the crucible 3 is also lowered to the specified height position in the furnace body 2 without adjusting the placement position of the crucible 3. In the prior art, the crucible 3 is usually placed in the furnace cavity and needs to be frequently moved and adjusted, which easily leads to equipment wear. For example, the wear of the crucible 3 and the end of the furnace body 2 will affect the sealing performance. The collision or wear of the crucible 3 and the heating coil in the furnace body 2 will affect the stable operation of the heating coil. Fixing the crucible 3 on the end cover 4 reduces the movement of the crucible 3, thereby reducing the wear of the equipment and extending the service life of the equipment. At the same time, this design is also convenient for quickly replacing the crucible 3, further improving the production efficiency. Moreover, the crucible 3 is connected to the end cover 4, making the smelting process more stable. During the smelting process, the position of the crucible 3 will not change due to vibration or other factors, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the smelting and improving the quality of the final product. The crucible 3 is located in the ring body 7, and the outer ring of the ring body 7 is rotatably connected to the vertical plate 6. From the time the powdered metal raw material is loaded until the molten material is poured out, the crucible 3 is always in a free state and can be deflected at will, which poses a certain risk. For this reason, a fixing pin 10 that can limit the freedom of the crucible 3 is also provided in this embodiment; in the initial state, the sliding sleeve 9 relies on its own gravity to sit on the upper end of the vertical plate 6, and at the same time, the fixing pin 10 is also embedded in the fixing hole 8 on the ring body 7. At this time, the fixing pin 10 can restrain the ring body 7, thereby stabilizing the crucible 3 and limiting the freedom of the crucible 3, so that the crucible 3 can only move vertically and horizontally with the end cover 4, thereby reducing the risk; when the molten material in the crucible 3 needs to be poured out, the sliding sleeve 9 is pushed up, and the sliding sleeve 9 drives the fixing rod to disengage from the fixing hole 8, and the crucible 3 is in a free state.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 - Fig.11 A material unloading assembly for cooperating with the crucible 3 for unloading is provided on one side of the furnace body 2, and the material unloading assembly includes two symmetrical support frames 11, the upper ends of the support frames 11 are arranged in an "L" shape, and two opposite notches 12 are provided at the upper ends of the two support frames 11; A rotating assembly is also provided between the two support frames 11, and the rotating assembly includes a base 13 adapted to the crucible 3, and handles 14 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the base 13, and the handles 14 are rotatably connected to the support frames 11; In this embodiment, the material unloading assembly is used to pour the molten material from the crucible 3 into the ingot casting template 16, the end cover 4 is hoisted and lifted together with the crucible 3, taken out of the furnace body 2, and then transferred to the position above the material unloading assembly, and the end cover 4 is lowered, so that the notch 12 on the support frame 11 is opposite to the vertical rod 5, and the vertical rod 5 slides downward along the notch 12, and the notch 12 pushes the sliding sleeve 9 upward, and the sliding sleeve 9 is restricted above the notch 12, and the fixing pin 10 is separated from the fixing hole 8, and the crucible 3 is in a free state. At the same time, the crucible 3 is seated in the base 13, and at this time, the ring body 7 and the rotation axis of the vertical plate 6 and the handle 1 4 is co-linear with the rotation axis of the support frame 11, and the end of the handle 14 is connected to an external driving component, which is used to drive the handle 14 to rotate on the support frame 11, and the driving component can use a motor with a reducer to drive the handle 14 to rotate stably, the handle 14 drives the base 13 to rotate, and the base 13 drives the crucible 3 and the ring body 7 to rotate, at this time, the molten material in the crucible 3 is poured out, and it can be rotated counterclockwise, so that the molten material in the crucible 3 is poured out and poured into the ingot template 16 transmitted by the conveyor belt 15 on one side of the support frame 11, so as to realize the discharge of the molten material; The design of this material assembly can reduce the manual involvement of material unloading, while pouring molten material is a relatively dangerous operation. Not only does it involve high-temperature radiation, but it also has the possibility of molten material spilling, which is highly dangerous.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 - Fig.11Each vertical rod 5 has a flat portion 17 on its outer ring, and the flat portion 17 is arranged along the axis direction of the vertical rod 5. Each vertical rod 5 is also provided with a limit bar 18 on its outer ring, and the limit bar 18 is arranged along the axis direction of the vertical rod 5. The limit bar 18 is arranged close to the crucible 3, and the limit bar 18 is arranged opposite to the flat portion 17. Each sliding sleeve 9 is provided with a sliding opening 19 adapted to the limiting strip 18, and the sliding opening 19 is arranged along the axis direction of the sliding sleeve 9; When the sliding sleeve 9 moves up and down along the vertical rod 5, the limiting strip 18 slides along the sliding opening 19, thereby constraining the relative rotation between the sliding sleeve 9 and the vertical rod 5, so that the sliding sleeve 9 can only move in the vertical direction along the vertical rod 5, that is, the fixing pin 10 is aligned with the fixing hole 8. When the molten material in the crucible 3 is poured, the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 move up synchronously. When the vertical plate 6 moves to the position of the notch 12, the fixing pin 10 is inserted into the fixing hole 8 again, and the freedom of the crucible 3 is restricted again. A flat portion 17 is provided on the vertical rod 5, and the vertical plate 6 slides into the notch 12 to prevent the notch 12 from hitting the vertical rod 5, or causing extrusion and wear of the vertical rod 5 by the notch 12 when the vertical rod 5 and the notch 12 make relative movement. The purpose is to increase the gap between the vertical rod 5 and the notch 12 without affecting the contact between the sliding sleeve 9 and the notch 12.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 - Fig.11 A lifting assembly is arranged above the furnace body 2, and the lifting assembly includes a guide rail 20 erected on the ground, a slider 21 is slidably connected in the guide rail 20, a screw rod 22 is threadedly connected in the slider 21, and the end of the screw rod 22 extends to the end of the guide rail 20, a hydraulic rod 23 is fixedly connected below the slider 21, and the output end of the hydraulic rod 23 is connected to the end cover 4; like Figure 3 As shown, it is an overall design diagram of the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment, which is divided into a loading area 24, a melting area 25, a pouring area 26 and a transition area 27 from right to left; the end of the screw rod 22 can be connected to an external servo motor, and the servo motor can drive the screw rod 22 to rotate forward and reverse, thereby controlling the slider 21 to move back and forth along the length direction of the guide rail 20; In the loading area 24, the screw rod 22 drives the slider 21 to move, the slider 21 drives the hydraulic rod 23, and the hydraulic rod 23 drives the end cover 4 together with the crucible 3 to move to the rightmost loading area 24, and the raw materials are put into the crucible 3 in the loading area 24; In the melting area 25, the screw rod 22 drives the slider 21 to move to the left, and at the same time drives the hydraulic rod 23 to drive the end cover 4 to move upward. When the bottom of the crucible 3 is higher than the height of the upper port of the furnace body 2, the slider 21 drives the crucible 3 to the upper port of the furnace body 2, and then drives the hydraulic rod 23 to lower the end cover 4 and the crucible 3. The crucible 3 is lowered into the inner circle of the heating coil in the furnace body 2, and the end cover 4 is sealed at the upper port of the furnace body 2. At this time, the downward pressure of the hydraulic rod 23 further seals the end cover 4 at the upper port of the furnace body 2 to improve the sealing performance; the heating coil heats and melts the raw materials in the crucible 3; In the pouring area 26, the hydraulic rod 23 is first driven to drive the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 to move upward until the bottom of the crucible 3 is higher than the upper port of the furnace body 2. Then the screw rod 22 is driven to rotate, so that the slider 21 moves to the left. The hydraulic rod 23 drives the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 to move to the pouring area 26. Then the hydraulic rod 23 is driven to lower the end cover 4 and the crucible 3. The vertical rod 5 slides along the notch 12. The upper surface of the top of the support plate supports the sliding sleeve 9. The crucible 3 is in free rotation. At the same time, the crucible 3 is located in the base 13. Then the handle 14 is controlled to rotate. The handle 14 drives the crucible 3 to rotate counterclockwise through the base 13, and the molten material in the crucible 3 is poured into the template 16. In the transition zone 27, after the molten material in the crucible 3 is poured, the handle 14 drives the base 13 to rotate and reset, the port of the crucible 3 faces upward, and then the hydraulic rod 23 is driven to drive the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 to move upward, and the fixing pin 10 is embedded in the fixing port again. When the bottom of the crucible 3 is higher than the upper end of the support plate, the screw rod 22 is then driven to rotate, and the slider 21 continues to move to the left, and the crucible 3 is driven to the transition zone 27. The transition zone 27 can also be provided with a blanking assembly, and the blanking assembly of the transition zone 27 is also used to realize the flipping of the crucible 3, which is convenient for the selection and control of the crucible 3, thereby facilitating the cleaning of the crucible 3 and other operations; Then, the slider 21 is driven to move to the right by the screw rod 22 to transfer the crucible 3 to the loading area 24, and then the above operation is repeated. The setting of the lifting assembly makes the nickel-based alloy melting and casting process more orderly, so that each link can proceed smoothly, thereby ensuring the efficiency of nickel-based alloy ingot production and the stable operation of nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 - Fig.11 The output end of the hydraulic rod 23 is rotatably connected to a driven shaft 28, a driven tooth 29 is fixedly connected to the driven shaft 28, a driving tooth 30 is meshed with the driven tooth 29, a motor is fixedly connected to the driving tooth 30, and the motor is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod 23; A "cross" shaped lifting block 31 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the driven shaft 28, and grooves 32 are formed on the upper surfaces of the four ends of the lifting block 31; Four L-shaped fixing blocks 33 are evenly fixed to the upper surface of the end cover 4, the lower surface of the lifting block 31 is close to the upper surface of the end cover 4, and the horizontal end of the fixing block 33 is embedded in the groove 32; The lower end of the driven shaft 28 is fixedly connected to the middle position of the upper surface of the lifting block 31, and the upper end of the driven shaft 28 is rotatably connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod 23, and the motor cooperates with the active gear 30, the active gear 30 meshes with the driven gear 29 to rotate, and the driven gear 29 drives the driven shaft 28 to rotate, thereby driving the rotation of the lifting block 31, and the lifting block 31 cooperates with the fixed block 33 on the end cover 4 to realize the lifting and lowering of the end cover 4; after the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 are used for a long time, the crucible 3 needs to be replaced or the end cover 4 needs to be repaired to ensure the smooth progress of the melting process. At this time, the lifting block 31 can be cooperated with the fixed block 33 to realize the disassembly of the end cover 4 and the hydraulic rod 23; The output end of the hydraulic rod 23 lowers the lifting block 31 so that the lower surface of the lifting block 31 is attached to the upper surface of the end cover 4, and the fixed block 33 is separated from the groove 32. Then the motor is driven, and the motor drives the lifting block 31 to rotate. According to the design in this embodiment, the lifting block 31 only needs to rotate at an angle of forty-five degrees, and each groove 32 of the lifting block 31 is placed between two adjacent fixed blocks 33. At this time, the lifting block 31 is staggered with the fixed block 33, and then the hydraulic rod 23 drives the lifting block 31 to move upward, so that the end cover 4 and the hydraulic rod 23 can be disassembled and separated, which is convenient for the inspection or replacement of the end cover 4 or the crucible 3.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 - Fig.11 , a plurality of groups of distance sensors 34 are provided on the upper surface of the guide rail 20, and two distance sensors 34 in each group are arranged side by side along the length direction of the guide rail 20; Two positioning grooves 35 are symmetrically formed on the upper end surface of the slider 21, and the distance between the two positioning grooves 35 is the same as the distance between two adjacent distance sensors 34; A set of distance sensors 34 are provided on the guide rail 20 at locations corresponding to the loading area 24, the melting area 25, the pouring area 26 and the transition area 27, respectively. Each set of distance sensors 34 is used to control the movement speed of the slider 21 sliding into the loading area 24, the melting area 25, the pouring area 26 and the transition area 27, respectively. For example, when the slider 21 moves from the loading area 24 to the melting area 25, the left positioning groove 35 on the slider 21 will first be opposite to the right distance sensor 34 on the melting area 25. When the distance sensor 34 measures that the depth becomes larger, the background control system controls the rotation speed of the screw rod 22 to decrease, thereby reducing the horizontal movement speed of the slider 21. Then, the left positioning groove 35 on the slider 21 will be opposite to the left distance sensor 34 on the melting area 25, and the right positioning groove 35 on the slider 21 will be opposite to the right distance sensor 34 on the melting area 25. The distance sensor 34 is relative to the slider 21, and the distance change is measured by the distance sensor 34 to control the deceleration and suspension of the rotation of the screw rod 22, so as to accurately control the position of the hydraulic rod 23 and the positions of the end cover 4 and the crucible 3. In addition, the stability of the end cover 4, the connecting assembly and the crucible 3 can also be controlled. When the slider 21 is about to move to the specified area, the speed is reduced in advance so that the slider 21 can move smoothly to the specified area. If the speed is reduced sharply to control the slider 21 to pause, the hydraulic rod 23, the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 will swing, causing a series of production safety risks.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 - Fig.11 , a limit switch 36 is provided on the top surface of each support frame 11, and a trigger end 37 of the limit switch 36 is arranged on one side above the notch 12; The limit switch 36 in this embodiment is used to control the start and stop of the hydraulic rod 23. In the pouring area 26, the hydraulic cylinder drives the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 to move slowly downward. If the swing amplitude of the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 is too large and exceeds the preset swing range, the swing amplitude of the crucible 3 is too large, and the side wall of the vertical rod 5 will squeeze the trigger end 37 of the limit switch 36. The limit switch 36 controls the hydraulic rod 23 to pause lowering the end cover 4 and the crucible 3, and waits for the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 to stabilize. After the vertical rod 5 no longer squeezes the trigger end 37 of the limit switch 36, the hydraulic rod 23 is controlled to lower the end cover 4 and the crucible 3. The purpose is to ensure the stability and safety of the pouring process and eliminate all production safety hazards as much as possible.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 - Fig.11 , a heat insulation board 39 is fixedly connected to the support frame 11; The heat insulation board 39 is provided to shield the heat of the crucible 3 and the molten material therein from causing heat radiation to the driving assembly for driving the handle 14 to rotate, thereby protecting the driving assembly and the safety of surrounding personnel.

[0029] Reference Fig.12 A nickel-based alloy melting and casting method, the nickel-based alloy melting and casting method comprises the above-mentioned nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment, and the nickel-based alloy melting and casting method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Raw material preparation Raw material selection: Select rare earth oxide, metal nickel powder and metal chromium powder as raw materials; Proportion determination: According to the alloy composition design, determine the ratio of various raw materials, the type and addition amount of rare earth elements, and the ratio of metal nickel powder and metal chromium powder; Step 2: Vacuum melting Equipment preparation: Use vacuum melting furnace 1 to ensure that the vacuum degree and temperature control accuracy of the equipment meet the requirements; Melting process: Charging: Put the raw materials with good proportion into the alumina crucible 3, and then put the alumina crucible 3 into the vacuum melting furnace 1; Vacuuming: Start the vacuum pump, observe the changes in the pressure gauge, and evacuate the furnace to the preset negative pressure value; Heating and melting: Control the casting temperature through contact temperature measurement, heat the raw materials to the melting temperature and make them melt completely; Casting: The casting rate is controlled by the casting time, and the molten alloy liquid is cast into the mold to form a nickel-based alloy ingot; Step 3: Ingot Processing Cooling: Cool the cast nickel-based alloy ingot naturally; Flaw detection: Use water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection method to detect defects inside the ingot; Surface treatment: Clean the surface of the ingot to remove oxide scale and inclusions.

[0030] During the raw material preparation process, the raw materials are dried and screened, and raw materials with purity and particle size that meet the requirements are selected.

[0031] Working principle: like Figure 3 As shown, it is an overall design diagram of the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment, which is divided into a loading area 24, a melting area 25, a pouring area 26 and a transition area 27 from right to left; the end of the screw rod 22 can be connected to an external servo motor, and the servo motor can drive the screw rod 22 to rotate forward and reverse, thereby controlling the slider 21 to move back and forth along the length direction of the guide rail 20; In the loading area 24, the screw rod 22 drives the slider 21 to move, the slider 21 drives the hydraulic rod 23, and the hydraulic rod 23 drives the end cover 4 together with the crucible 3 to move to the rightmost loading area 24, and the raw materials are put into the crucible 3 in the loading area 24; In the melting area 25, the screw rod 22 drives the slider 21 to move to the left, and at the same time drives the hydraulic rod 23 to drive the end cover 4 to move upward. When the bottom of the crucible 3 is higher than the height of the upper port of the furnace body 2, the slider 21 drives the crucible 3 to the upper port of the furnace body 2, and then the hydraulic rod 23 lowers the end cover 4 together with the crucible 3. The crucible 3 is lowered into the inner circle of the heating coil in the furnace body 2, and the end cover 4 is sealed at the upper port of the furnace body 2. At this time, the downward pressure of the hydraulic rod 23 further seals the end cover 4 at the upper port of the furnace body 2 to improve the sealing performance; the heating coil heats and melts the raw materials in the crucible 3; In the pouring area 26, the hydraulic rod 23 is first driven to drive the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 to move upward until the bottom of the crucible 3 is higher than the upper port of the furnace body 2. Then the screw rod 22 is driven to rotate, so that the slider 21 moves to the left. The hydraulic rod 23 drives the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 to move to the pouring area 26. Then the hydraulic rod 23 is driven to lower the end cover 4 and the crucible 3. The vertical rod 5 slides along the notch 12. The upper surface of the top of the support plate supports the sliding sleeve 9. The crucible 3 is in free rotation. At the same time, the crucible 3 is located in the base 13. Then the handle 14 is controlled to rotate. The handle 14 drives the crucible 3 to rotate counterclockwise through the base 13, and the molten material in the crucible 3 is poured into the template 16. In the transition zone 27, after the molten material in the crucible 3 is poured, the handle 14 drives the base 13 to rotate and reset, the port of the crucible 3 faces upward, and then the hydraulic rod 23 is driven to drive the end cover 4 and the crucible 3 to move upward, and the fixing pin 10 is embedded in the fixing port again. When the bottom of the crucible 3 is higher than the upper end of the support plate, the screw rod 22 is then driven to rotate, and the slider 21 continues to move to the left, and the crucible 3 is driven to the transition zone 27. The transition zone 27 can also be provided with a blanking assembly, and the blanking assembly of the transition zone 27 is also used to realize the flipping of the crucible 3, which is convenient for the selection and control of the crucible 3, thereby facilitating the cleaning of the crucible 3 and other operations; Then, the slider 21 is driven to move rightward by the screw rod 22 to transfer the crucible 3 to the loading area 24, and then the above operation is repeated. The setting of the lifting assembly makes the nickel-based alloy melting and casting process more orderly, so that each link can be carried out smoothly, thereby ensuring the efficiency of nickel-based alloy ingot production and the stable operation of the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment; The nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment designed in this embodiment can simplify the charging process. The crucible 3 is connected to the end cover 4, making the raw material charging process simpler. The operator does not need to perform complicated charging operations in the narrow furnace body 2 cavity, but only needs to load on the end cover 4, which reduces the operating difficulty and labor intensity; improves production efficiency. Since the charging process is more convenient, the charging time can be significantly shortened, thereby improving the production efficiency of the entire smelting process. After the charging outside the furnace body 2 is completed, the end cover 4 can be transferred to realize the movement of the crucible 3. When the end cover 4 is installed and sealed on the upper port of the furnace body 2, the crucible 3 is also lowered to a specified height position in the furnace body 2. There is no need to adjust the placement position of the crucible 3. In the prior art, the crucible 3 is usually placed In the furnace chamber, it is necessary to frequently move and adjust the position, which can easily lead to equipment wear. For example, the wear of the crucible 3 and the port of the furnace body 2 will affect the sealing. The collision or wear of the crucible 3 and the heating coil in the furnace body 2 will affect the stable operation of the heating coil. Fixing the crucible 3 on the end cover 4 reduces the movement of the crucible 3, thereby reducing the wear of the equipment and extending the service life of the equipment. At the same time, this design also facilitates the rapid replacement of the crucible 3, further improving the production efficiency. Moreover, the crucible 3 is connected to the end cover 4, which makes the smelting process more stable. During the smelting process, the position of the crucible 3 will not change due to vibration or other factors, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the smelting and improving the quality of the final product.

[0032] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment, characterized in that: The invention comprises a smelting furnace, which comprises a furnace body and a heating coil arranged in the furnace body, a crucible is arranged in the inner circle of the heating coil, and a connecting component is arranged between the crucible and the end cover of the upper port of the furnace body; The connecting assembly includes vertical rods symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of the end cover, the lower end of each vertical rod is fixedly connected to a vertical plate, a ring body is arranged between the opposite side walls of the two vertical plates, and the outer ring of the ring body is symmetrically rotated and connected to the vertical plate; The upper end surface of the ring body is symmetrically provided with fixing holes, each of which is close to the rotation connection point between the vertical plate and the ring body; Each vertical rod is also sleeved with a sliding sleeve, one side of the lower end of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with a fixing pin, the sliding sleeve slides to the upper end surface of the vertical plate, and the fixing pin is embedded in the fixing hole.

2. A nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material unloading assembly is provided on one side of the furnace body for unloading materials in cooperation with the crucible. The material unloading assembly includes two symmetrical support frames, the upper ends of the support frames are arranged in an "L" shape, and two opposite notches are provided at the upper ends of the two support frames; A rotating assembly is also arranged between the two support frames. The rotating assembly comprises a base adapted to the crucible. Handles are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the base. The handles are rotatably connected to the support frame.

3. The nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each vertical rod has a flat portion on its outer ring, which is arranged along the axis of the vertical rod. Each vertical rod has a limit strip on its outer ring, which is arranged along the axis of the vertical rod. The limit strip is arranged close to the crucible, and the limit strip is arranged opposite to the flat portion. Each sliding sleeve is provided with a sliding opening adapted to the limiting strip, and the sliding opening is arranged along the axis direction of the sliding sleeve.

4. A nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A lifting assembly is arranged above the furnace body, which includes a guide rail erected on the ground, a slider is slidably connected in the guide rail, a screw rod is threadedly connected in the slider, the end of the screw rod extends to the end of the guide rail, a hydraulic rod is fixed under the slider, and the output end of the hydraulic rod is connected to the end cover.

5. A nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The output end of the hydraulic rod is rotatably connected to a driven shaft, the driven shaft is fixedly connected to a driven tooth, the driven tooth meshes with a driving tooth, the driving tooth is fixedly connected to a motor, and the motor is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod; A "cross" shaped lifting block is fixedly connected to the lower end of the driven shaft, and grooves are provided on the upper surfaces of the four ends of the lifting block; Four L-shaped fixing blocks are evenly fixed to the upper surface of the end cover, the lower surface of the lifting block is close to the upper surface of the end cover, and the horizontal end of the fixing block is embedded in the groove.

6. A nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of distance sensors are arranged on the upper surface of the guide rail, and two distance sensors in each distance sensor group are arranged along the length direction of the guide rail; Two positioning grooves are symmetrically arranged on the upper end surface of the sliding block, and the distance between the two positioning grooves is the same as the distance between two adjacent distance sensors.

7. The nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limit switch is arranged on the top surface of each supporting frame, and a trigger end of the limit switch is arranged on one side above the notch.

8. A nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: A heat insulation board is fixedly connected to the supporting frame.

9. A nickel-based alloy melting and casting method, comprising the nickel-based alloy melting and casting equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The nickel-based alloy melting and casting method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Raw material preparation Raw material selection: Select rare earth oxide, metal nickel powder and metal chromium powder as raw materials; Proportion determination: According to the alloy composition design, determine the ratio of various raw materials, the type and addition amount of rare earth elements, and the ratio of metal nickel powder and metal chromium powder; Step 2: Vacuum melting Equipment preparation: Use a vacuum melting furnace to ensure that the vacuum degree and temperature control accuracy of the equipment meet the requirements; Melting process: Charging: Put the raw materials with good proportion into the crucible, and then put the crucible into the vacuum melting furnace; Vacuuming: Start the vacuum pump, observe the changes in the pressure gauge, and evacuate the furnace to the preset negative pressure value; Heating and melting: Control the casting temperature through contact temperature measurement, heat the raw materials to the melting temperature and make them melt completely; Casting: The casting rate is controlled by the casting time, and the molten alloy liquid is cast into the mold to form a nickel-based alloy ingot; Step 3: Ingot Processing Cooling: Cool the cast nickel-based alloy ingot naturally; Flaw detection: Use water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection method to detect defects inside the ingot; Surface treatment: Clean the surface of the ingot to remove oxide scale and inclusions.

10. A nickel-based alloy melting and casting method according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the raw material preparation process, the raw materials are dried and screened, and raw materials with purity and particle size that meet the requirements are selected.

Images