Electron beam anti-drift device and electron beam melting furnace

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and discloses an electron beam anti-drift device and an electron beam smelting furnace. The electron beam anti-drift device includes a shell and a magnetic part; the shell is used to be sleeved on the outside of the crucible, and the magnetic part is arranged on the shell to constrain the electron beam emitted toward the inside of the crucible; a cooling chamber is arranged inside the shell to contain a coolant. The Lorentz force of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic part on the electrons can reduce the degree of electron drift, and achieve the convergence and constraint of the electron beam. The setting of the cooling chamber can prevent the magnetic part from overheating or high-temperature demagnetization, which helps to improve the stability of the device operation. The electron beam smelting furnace of the present invention can improve the electron beam convergence and smelting effect, reduce the influence of the magnetic field between the electron beams, make the electron beam trajectory more stable and controllable, greatly reduce the difficulty of operation during smelting in an electron beam smelting furnace with dual electron beams or more, and effectively reduce the use and maintenance costs of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, and in particular to an electron beam anti-drift device and an electron beam smelting furnace. Background Art

[0002] An electron beam melting furnace is a device that uses an electron beam gun to accelerate and focus electron beams to bombard metals under high vacuum, converting the kinetic energy of high-speed electrons into heat energy to melt the metal, thereby achieving metal melting and refining. In addition to the furnace body, an electron beam melting furnace usually includes an electron beam gun for emitting electron beams and a crystallizer for containing and cooling the molten metal, wherein the crystallizer is mostly a crucible.

[0003] In a double-gun electron beam melting furnace, there are two electron beam guns emitting electron beams at the same time. Since the two electron beams are focused on the same position, the electrons will deviate from their original flight path due to the interaction between the Coulomb effect and the magnetic field generated by the high-speed movement, affecting the work efficiency and capacity. Moreover, the deviated electrons can easily bombard the crucible used to cool the molten metal, causing damage to the crucible or other structures, affecting the service life of the electron beam melting furnace, and causing safety hazards. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam anti-drift device, which can reduce the degree of electron drift, increase the stability and controllability of the electron beam trajectory, and greatly reduce production safety risks.

[0005] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An electron beam anti-drift device comprises: a shell for being sleeved on the outside of a crucible; a magnetic member arranged on the shell for constraining the electron beam emitted toward the inside of the crucible; a cooling cavity is arranged inside the shell for containing a cooling liquid.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of accommodating grooves are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction on the shell, and the accommodating grooves extend along the axial direction of the shell, and the magnetic member is embedded in each of the accommodating grooves.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of the magnetic members are provided, and the plurality of the magnetic members are fixedly arranged on the inner periphery of the shell.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of grooves are arranged at intervals on the inner circumference of the shell, and the magnetic member is arranged in the grooves and the magnetic member is flush with the inner circumferential surface of the shell.

[0010] Preferably, the magnetic component is configured as a permanent magnet, and / or the magnetic component is configured as an electromagnet.

[0011] Preferably, a protective layer is provided on the upper end surface of the shell and the upper end surface of the magnetic member.

[0012] Preferably, the magnetic member is extended along the axial direction of the shell and is flush with one end of the shell.

[0013] Preferably, a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe are further provided on the shell, and both the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are communicated with the cooling cavity.

[0014] Preferably, a partition is further provided in the cooling cavity, and the partition and the cavity wall of the cooling cavity together enclose a serpentine flow channel.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam melting furnace to reduce the degree of electron drift, improve work efficiency, reduce the difficulty of operation during melting in the electron beam melting furnace, and effectively reduce the use and maintenance costs of the equipment.

[0016] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0017] An electron beam melting furnace comprises a furnace body, an electron beam gun and a crucible, wherein the electron beam gun is arranged above the furnace body, the crucible is arranged in the furnace body and below the electron beam gun, the electron beam gun can emit electron beams to melt metal parts in the crucible, and the outside of the crucible is provided with the above-mentioned electron beam anti-drift device; at least two electron beam guns are provided, at least two of the electron beam guns are arranged at intervals, and at least two of the electron beam guns can simultaneously emit electron beams to the metal parts in the crucible.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] The electron beam anti-drift device of the present invention comprises a shell and a magnetic part; the shell is used to be sleeved on the outside of the crucible, and the magnetic part is arranged on the shell to constrain the electron beam emitted toward the inside of the crucible; a cooling chamber is arranged inside the shell to cool the magnetic part. The magnetic field generated by the magnetic part exerts a Lorentz force on the electrons, which can reduce the degree of electron drift and realize the convergence and confinement of the electron beam. The setting of the cooling chamber can prevent the magnetic part from overheating or high-temperature demagnetization, which helps to improve the stability of the device operation.

[0020] The electron beam melting furnace of the present invention comprises a furnace body, an electron beam gun and a crucible, wherein the electron beam gun is arranged above the furnace body, the crucible is arranged inside the furnace body and below the electron beam gun, the electron beam gun can emit electron beams to metal parts in the crucible for melting, and the outside of the crucible is provided with the above-mentioned electron beam anti-drift device; at least two electron beam guns are provided, at least two electron beam guns are arranged at intervals, and at least two electron beam guns can simultaneously emit electron beams to metal parts in the crucible. By arranging the electron beam anti-drift device on the outside of the crucible, the degree of electron drift can be reduced, the electron beam convergence and melting effect can be improved, the magnetic field influence between the electron beams is reduced, the electron beam trajectory becomes more stable and controllable, the operation difficulty of melting in an electron beam melting furnace with dual electron beams or more is greatly reduced, and the use and maintenance cost of the equipment is effectively reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure in which an electron beam anti-drift device is assembled on a crucible in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a housing portion of an electron beam anti-drift device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view of ;

[0024] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 Another perspective of

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the electron beam melting furnace in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure:

[0027] 1. Shell; 11. Cooling chamber; 12. Receiving tank; 13. Liquid inlet pipe; 14. Liquid outlet pipe; 15. Partition plate; 16. End plate;

[0028] 2. Magnetic parts;

[0029] 100. furnace body; 200. electron beam gun; 300. crucible; 400. discharge channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0033] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0034] The present invention discloses an electron beam anti-drift device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the electron beam anti-drift device includes a shell 1 and a magnetic part 2. Among them, the shell 1 is used to be installed on the outside of the crucible 300 to fix the device, and the magnetic part 2 is arranged on the shell 1 to constrain the electron beam emitted toward the inside of the crucible 300 and reduce the electron drift phenomenon; a cooling chamber 11 is arranged inside the shell 1, and the cooling chamber 11 is used to contain a coolant and can cool the magnetic part 2. It can be understood that the Lorentz force of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic part 2 on the electrons can reduce the degree of electron drift, realize the convergence and constraint of the electron beam, avoid the electron beam bombarding the crucible 300, and avoid the damage of the crucible 300 or other structures, thereby extending the service life of the electron beam melting furnace and reducing safety hazards. The cooling chamber 11 is arranged on the shell 1 to prevent the magnetic part 2 from overheating or high-temperature demagnetization, which helps to improve the stability of the device operation.

[0035] In some embodiments, Figure 2As shown, a plurality of receiving grooves 12 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction on the shell 1, and the receiving grooves 12 extend along the axial direction of the shell 1, and a magnetic component 2 is embedded in each receiving groove 12. In some specific embodiments, a plurality of receiving grooves 12 are evenly and spacedly arranged along the circumference of the shell 1, and the receiving grooves 12 extend from one axial end of the shell 1 to the other end, and the length of the receiving grooves 12 is less than the axial length of the shell 1, that is, one axial end of the shell 1 is complete along the circumferential direction, and the other end of the shell 1 is divided into multiple sections by the receiving grooves 12 along the circumferential direction. It can be understood that embedding the magnetic component 2 in the receiving groove 12 can, on the one hand, make the magnetic component 2 closer to the crucible 300, and on the other hand, increase the contact area between the magnetic component 2 and the shell 1, so as to facilitate the cooling of the magnetic component 2 by the cooling cavity 11 inside the shell 1.

[0036] In an alternative embodiment, a plurality of magnetic members 2 are provided, and the plurality of magnetic members 2 are fixedly arranged on the inner circumference of the shell 1. Optionally, a plurality of grooves are provided at intervals on the inner circumference of the shell 1, and the magnetic members 2 are arranged in the grooves. Embedding the magnetic member 2 in the groove can increase the contact area between the magnetic member 2 and the shell 1, so that the cooling cavity 11 inside the shell 1 can cool the magnetic member 2. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the magnetic member 2 can also be fixed to the shell 1 in other ways, for example, a plurality of through holes extending along the axial direction of the shell 1 are provided on the side wall of the shell 1, and the magnetic member 2 is embedded in the through holes.

[0037] When electron beam is used to melt metal, the crucible 300 is usually arranged in a vertical direction to contain and cool the molten metal, and the housing 1 of the electron beam anti-drift device is arranged outside the crucible 300. Therefore, in some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the magnetic component 2 is arranged to extend along the axial direction of the shell 1 and is flush with one end of the shell 1, and the end of the shell 1 is also flush with the entrance of the crucible 300. It can be understood that by arranging one end of the magnetic component 2 to be flush with the entrance of the crucible 300, it can be ensured that the electron beam can be constrained by the Lorentz force of the magnetic field on the electrons after entering the crucible 300, thereby reducing the degree of electron drift and improving the electron beam convergence effect. In some specific embodiments, when installed, the N pole of the magnetic component 2 faces upward and the S pole faces downward, that is, the N pole of the magnetic component 2 is flush with the end face of the entrance of the crucible 300.

[0038] In some embodiments, the magnetic component 2 is configured as a permanent magnet, and the cooling cavity 11 can cool the permanent magnet to prevent the permanent magnet from losing magnetism due to high temperature; in other embodiments, the magnetic component 2 is configured as an electromagnet, and the cooling cavity 11 can cool the electromagnet to prevent the electromagnet from overheating.

[0039] In some embodiments, the upper end surface of the shell 1 and the upper end surface of the magnetic part 2 of the electron beam anti-drift device of the present invention are provided with a protective layer to prevent pollution to the external working environment. It is understandable that when the electron beam is smelting metal, it is necessary to prevent external impurities from entering again. The protective layer is provided on the upper end surface of the assembled electron beam drift device, which can improve the high temperature and corrosion resistance of the electron beam anti-drift device, avoid the electron beam emitted by the electron beam gun 200 from damaging the electron beam anti-drift device, ensure the stability of the operation of the electron beam anti-drift device, and avoid the volatilization or falling of the material of the device itself to cause pollution to the smelting metal. In some specific embodiments, the protective layer is a tantalum coating, which is provided on the upper end surface of the shell 1 and the magnetic part 2 by coating, and the thickness of the tantalum coating is less than or equal to 3mm. It is understandable that the high melting point and stable chemical properties of tantalum can prevent the external environment of the electron beam anti-drift device from being polluted during the smelting process. In other embodiments, the protective layer can be provided on the overall outer surface of the electron beam anti-drift device to further improve the performance and anti-pollution ability of the device.

[0040] In some embodiments, the housing 1 is further provided with a liquid inlet pipe 13 and a liquid outlet pipe 14, both of which are connected to the cooling chamber 11 and to an external cooling source. Figure 2 As shown, an end plate 16 is provided in the cooling cavity 11, and the end plate 16 separates the cooling cavity 11, and the end and the end are no longer connected. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the liquid inlet pipe 13 and the liquid outlet pipe 14 are respectively arranged on both sides of the end plate 16, so that the coolant enters from one end of the cooling chamber 11 and flows out from the other end. It can be understood that by connecting the liquid inlet pipe 13 and the liquid outlet pipe 14 with an external cold source or performing heat exchange, the circulation of the coolant in the cooling chamber 11 can be achieved, which can enhance the cooling effect of the cooling chamber 11 and keep the device running at a safe temperature. In other embodiments, the end plate 16 may not be arranged in the cooling chamber 11, and the liquid inlet pipe 13 and the liquid outlet pipe 14 are respectively arranged at both ends of the diameter of the shell 1 to ensure that the coolant can circulate.

[0041] In some embodiments, Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a partition 15 is also provided in the cooling chamber 11, and the partition 15 and the cavity wall of the cooling chamber 11 are together enclosed to form a serpentine flow channel. It can be understood that there are multiple partitions 15, and the partitions 15 are used to maximize the flow channel distance of the coolant in the cooling chamber 11, so as to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the coolant and the magnetic parts 2, etc., and prevent the magnetic parts 2 from overheating and high-temperature demagnetization, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the device and extending the service life of the device. For example, when one axial end of the shell 1 is circumferentially complete and the other end of the shell 1 is divided into multiple sections by the receiving grooves 12 along the circumference, the partition 15 is arranged in the cooling chamber 11 of the part of the shell 1 between two adjacent receiving grooves 12, and the partition 15 also extends along the axial direction of the shell 1, and a connecting port is left at one end, and finally enclosed with the cavity wall of the cooling chamber 11 to form a serpentine flow channel.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, the housing 1 is made of a plate, and the interior is hollow to form a cooling cavity 11. The plate may be a steel material with a thickness of less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0043] The present invention also discloses an electron beam melting furnace, such as Figure 5 As shown, the electron beam melting furnace includes a furnace body 100, an electron beam gun 200 and a crucible 300, wherein the electron beam gun 200 is arranged above the furnace body 100, the crucible 300 is arranged in the furnace body 100 and is located below the electron beam gun 200, the electron beam gun 200 can emit electron beams to melt the metal parts in the crucible 300, and the outer side of the crucible 300 is provided with the above-mentioned electron beam anti-drift device; at least two electron beam guns 200 are provided, at least two electron beam guns 200 are arranged at intervals on the furnace body 100, and at least two electron beam guns 200 can simultaneously emit electron beams to the metal parts in the crucible 300.

[0044] In some embodiments, at least one feed channel (not shown) is further provided on the furnace body 100, and the metal pieces to be smelted are fed through the feed channel. It is understandable that the feed channel can be opened or closed. A discharge channel 400 is also provided at the furnace body 100 directly opposite to the lower opening of the crucible 300, and a furnace valve (not shown) that can open or close the discharge channel 400 is provided in the discharge channel 400. After the material in the crucible 300 is crystallized, it is pulled out of the furnace body 100 through the ingot pulling mechanism and the discharge mechanism through the discharge channel 400, completing the entire smelting process.

[0045] Taking a double-gun electron beam melting furnace as an example, since the electron beams emitted by the two electron beam guns 200 are focused on the same position, there is a mutual Coulomb interaction between the electrons and the interaction between the magnetic field generated by the high-speed motion, which will deviate from the original flight path of the electrons. The deviated electrons can easily bombard the crucible 300 used to cool the molten metal, causing damage to the crucible 300. The present invention sets an electron beam anti-drift device on the outside of the crucible 300, and uses the Lorentz force of the magnetic field on the electrons to realize the constraint of the electrons, realize the convergence of the electron beam, reduce the drift degree of the electrons in the same electron beam and between different electron beams, increase the stability and controllability of the electron beam trajectory, and greatly reduce the production safety risk.

[0046] The electron beam anti-drift device of the present invention can reduce the degree of electron drift and realize the convergence and confinement of the electron beam by the Lorentz force of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic part. The setting of the cooling chamber can prevent the magnetic part from overheating or high-temperature demagnetization, which helps to improve the stability of the operation of the device. The electron beam melting furnace of the present invention can reduce the degree of electron drift, improve the electron beam convergence and melting effect, reduce the influence of the magnetic field between the electron beams, make the electron beam trajectory more stable and controllable, greatly reduce the difficulty of operation during melting in an electron beam melting furnace with dual electron beams or more, and effectively reduce the use and maintenance costs of the equipment.

[0047] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electron beam anti-drift device, characterized in that: include: A housing (1) for being sleeved on the outside of the crucible (300); A magnetic member (2) is arranged on the housing (1) and is used to constrain the electron beam emitted toward the inside of the crucible (300); A cooling chamber (11) is provided inside the housing (1), and the cooling chamber (11) is used to contain a cooling liquid.

2. The electron beam anti-drift device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of accommodating grooves (12) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction on the shell (1), the accommodating grooves (12) extending along the axial direction of the shell (1), and the magnetic component (2) is embedded in each of the accommodating grooves (12).

3. The electron beam anti-drift device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the magnetic members (2) are provided, and the plurality of the magnetic members (2) are fixedly arranged on the inner periphery of the shell (1).

4. The electron beam anti-drift device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner circumference of the shell (1) is provided with a plurality of grooves at intervals, the magnetic member (2) is arranged in the grooves and the magnetic member (2) is flush with the inner circumferential surface of the shell (1).

5. The electron beam anti-drift device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic component (2) is configured as a permanent magnet, and / or the magnetic component (2) is configured as an electromagnet.

6. The electron beam anti-drift device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The upper end surface of the shell (1) and the upper end surface of the magnetic member (2) are provided with a protective layer.

7. The electron beam anti-drift device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The magnetic component (2) is arranged to extend along the axial direction of the shell (1) and is flush with one end of the shell (1).

8. The electron beam anti-drift device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The shell (1) is also provided with a liquid inlet pipe (13) and a liquid outlet pipe (14), and both the liquid inlet pipe (13) and the liquid outlet pipe (14) are in communication with the cooling chamber (11).

9. The electron beam anti-drift device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A partition plate (15) is also provided in the cooling cavity (11), and the partition plate (15) and the cavity wall of the cooling cavity (11) are together enclosed to form a serpentine flow channel.

10. An electron beam melting furnace, comprising a furnace body (100), an electron beam gun (200) and a crucible (300), wherein the electron beam gun (200) is arranged above the furnace body (100), the crucible (300) is arranged in the furnace body (100) and below the electron beam gun (200), and the electron beam gun (200) can emit an electron beam to a metal piece in the crucible (300) for melting, characterized in that: The outer side of the crucible (300) is provided with an electron beam anti-drift device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; at least two electron beam guns (200) are provided, at least two of the electron beam guns (200) are arranged at intervals, and at least two of the electron beam guns (200) can simultaneously emit electron beams to metal parts in the crucible (300).

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