A method and system for recovering waste heat from tail gas in cold areas

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of energy recovery and utilization, and discloses a method for recovering waste heat from tail gas in cold regions, including: establishing a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for waste heat resources from tail gas; performing heat exchange on waste heat resources from tail gas and preset supercritical CO2 to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas, using a multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage to perform phase change on a preset organic working fluid to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid; driving a turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to obtain driving mechanical energy, and converting the driving mechanical energy into electric energy to obtain stored electric energy, using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm to analyze the waste heat recovery loss of waste heat resources from tail gas, constructing waste heat recovery optimization parameters for a heat exchange system and a supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism, and executing waste heat resource recovery from tail gas in cold regions through waste heat recovery optimization parameters. The present invention can improve the waste heat recovery efficiency of tail gas in cold regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method and system for recovering waste heat from tail gas in cold regions, belonging to the field of energy recovery and utilization. Background Art

[0002] Exhaust gas waste heat recovery refers to the process of using the heat contained in the waste gas generated in industrial production, transportation, energy conversion, etc., and recovering and utilizing this heat through certain technical means. The recovered heat can be used for preheating raw materials, heating, domestic hot water, power generation and other purposes, thereby reducing operating costs and improving economic benefits.

[0003] The traditional method of exhaust waste heat recovery in cold areas usually uses a simple flue gas heat exchanger or hot air preheater. These methods can only achieve heat recovery at lower temperatures, are prone to frost and dirt deposition problems, lack of detailed analysis of exhaust gas characteristics and system optimization, resulting in poor overall heat recovery performance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a tail gas waste heat recovery method and system for cold regions, the main purpose of which is to improve the tail gas waste heat recovery efficiency in cold regions.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for recovering waste heat from exhaust gas in cold regions, comprising:

[0006] Acquire exhaust gas waste heat resources in a cold region, identify the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resources in the cold region, define a temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resources through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, and determine a multi-stage first heat exchange architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resources according to the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship;

[0007] Calculating the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, optimizing the structure of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the heat exchange area and the fluid flow resistance to obtain a second heat exchange architecture, calculating the dirt deposition of the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture, and performing surface modification on the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the dirt deposition to obtain a third heat exchange multi-stage architecture;

[0008] Based on the third multi-stage heat exchange architecture, a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established, and a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger;

[0009] The tail gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2 are heat exchanged by using the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 stage in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas; based on the low-temperature tail gas, the preset organic working fluid is phase-changed by using the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid;

[0010] Based on the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and the high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid, the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is driven to obtain driving mechanical energy, and the driving mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy, and resource recovery data of the exhaust gas waste heat resources to the stored electrical energy is collected, and according to the resource recovery data, the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resources is analyzed by using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, and based on the waste heat recovery loss, the waste heat recovery optimization parameters of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism are constructed, and the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery in the cold area is performed through the waste heat recovery optimization parameters.

[0011] Optionally, the identifying the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resource in the cold area includes:

[0012] Identify the exhaust gas waste heat resource's discharge pipeline and establish a three-dimensional geometric pipeline model of the discharge pipeline;

[0013] Based on the three-dimensional geometric pipeline model, marking the temperature monitoring nodes of the discharge pipeline;

[0014] Calculating the temperature sensitivity value of the temperature monitoring node;

[0015] When the temperature sensitivity value meets a preset temperature sensitivity threshold, the temperature data and exhaust gas flow parameters of the exhaust pipe are monitored by the temperature monitoring node;

[0016] Establishing a temperature distribution diagram of the exhaust waste heat resource through the temperature data;

[0017] Determining a temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature distribution diagram and the exhaust gas flow parameter;

[0018] Collecting tail gas samples of the tail gas waste heat resource;

[0019] Establishing an in-situ analysis environment for the tail gas sample, and analyzing the characteristic wavelength, mass fragments and retention time of the tail gas sample through the in-situ analysis environment;

[0020] The tail gas characteristics of the tail gas waste heat resource are determined by the characteristic wavelength, mass fragments and retention time.

[0021] Optionally, determining the temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature distribution map and the exhaust gas flow parameter includes:

[0022] Mark the length of the exhaust pipe corresponding to the exhaust waste heat resource;

[0023] Based on the exhaust gas flow parameter, determining the Nusselt number of the temperature monitoring node corresponding to the exhaust pipeline;

[0024] Based on the temperature distribution diagram, determine the node exhaust temperature of the temperature monitoring node

[0025] According to the exhaust gas flow parameters, the Nusselt number, the node exhaust gas temperature and the pipeline length, the temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource is calculated using the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] in, represents the temperature gradient of the exhaust waste heat resource, T w represents the node exhaust temperature, T ∞ represents the node wall temperature corresponding to the node exhaust temperature, L represents the pipe length, k represents the exhaust thermal conductivity corresponding to the exhaust flow parameters, h represents the convective heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the exhaust flow parameters, and R represents the Nusselt number.

[0028] Optionally, defining the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource by using the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics includes:

[0029] Analyzing the temperature-characteristic relationship between the temperature gradient and the exhaust gas characteristics;

[0030] Calculating the temperature heat content of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the temperature-characteristic relationship;

[0031] Analyzing the heat recovery potential of the tail gas waste heat resource based on the temperature heat content;

[0032] Establishing a temperature-exhaust gas recovery efficiency model of the exhaust gas waste heat resource according to the temperature heat content, the heat energy recovery potential and the temperature gradient;

[0033] According to the temperature-exhaust gas recovery efficiency model, the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource is analyzed.

[0034] Optionally, the calculating the temperature heat content of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the temperature-characteristic relationship includes:

[0035] Based on the temperature gradient, determining a change in temperature of the exhaust waste heat resource;

[0036] According to the exhaust characteristics, marking the exhaust components of the exhaust waste heat resource, and defining the constant pressure specific heat capacity and constant volume specific heat capacity of the exhaust components through the temperature-characteristic relationship;

[0037] The temperature heat content of the tail gas waste heat resource is calculated using the following formula according to the change temperature, the tail gas composition, the constant pressure specific heat capacity and the constant volume specific heat capacity:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, Q represents the temperature and heat content of the exhaust waste heat resource, e c represents the molar number of the cth tail gas component of the tail gas waste heat resource, P represents the ideal gas constant of the tail gas waste heat resource, ΔT represents the change temperature of the tail gas waste heat resource, T o represents the initial temperature of the exhaust waste heat resource, v y,c represents the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the cth tail gas component of the tail gas waste heat resource, v r,c It represents the constant volume specific heat capacity of the cth exhaust component of the exhaust heat resource, and m represents the number of exhaust components corresponding to the exhaust heat resource.

[0040] Optionally, the calculating the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture includes:

[0041] Calculating the heat transfer coefficient and the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference of the multi-stage first heat exchange structure;

[0042] The heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture is calculated using the following formula based on the heat transfer coefficient and the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference:

[0043] A=Q / (U*Δt_lm)

[0044] Among them, A represents the heat exchange area of ​​the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, Q represents the temperature heat content of the exhaust waste heat resource corresponding to the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, U represents the heat transfer coefficient of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, and Δt_lm represents the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture;

[0045] Calculating the fluid flow rate and fluid density of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture;

[0046] Determining the local resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture according to the fluid flow rate and the fluid density;

[0047] The fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture is determined by the local resistance.

[0048] Optionally, the calculating the fouling deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture includes:

[0049] Collecting multi-stage fluid data and surface characteristic data of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture;

[0050] Defining the fouling type of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture according to the multi-stage fluid data and the surface characteristic data;

[0051] Based on the fouling type, determining a fouling model of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture;

[0052] Analyzing the fouling coefficient of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture by using the multi-stage fluid data and surface characteristic data and the fouling model;

[0053] Based on the fouling coefficient, calculating the fouling deposition rate of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture;

[0054] The fouling deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture is determined according to the fouling deposition rate.

[0055] Optionally, the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource is established through the temperature gradient, the tail gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger, including:

[0056] According to the multi-stage heat exchanger, the supercritical CO2 level and the ORC level of the tail gas waste heat resource are defined;

[0057] determining supercritical CO2 level components and ORC level components of the supercritical CO2 level and ORC level;

[0058] Marking the integration points of the supercritical CO2 stage assembly and the ORC stage assembly;

[0059] Establishing an initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource based on the integration point, the supercritical CO2 level component and the ORC level component;

[0060] Calculating the hierarchical synergy coefficient of the initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism;

[0061] When the hierarchical coordination coefficient meets the preset hierarchical coordination standard, the initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is used as the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource.

[0062] Optionally, analyzing the waste heat recovery loss of the tail gas waste heat resource using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm according to the resource recovery data includes:

[0063] Defining the recovery loss type of the tail gas waste heat resource;

[0064] analyzing transient thermodynamic parameters of the recovery loss type based on the resource recovery data;

[0065] According to the transient thermodynamic parameters, using the transient-CDF loss algorithm to analyze the probability density function estimation of the exhaust waste heat resource;

[0066] Constructing a CDF curve of the exhaust waste heat resource through the probability density function estimation;

[0067] Based on the CDF curve, the waste heat recovery loss of the tail gas waste heat resource is determined.

[0068] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention further provides an exhaust waste heat recovery system for cold areas, the system comprising:

[0069] A heat exchange multi-stage architecture building module is used to obtain exhaust gas waste heat resources in cold areas, identify the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resources in the cold areas, define the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resources through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, and determine the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resources according to the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship;

[0070] A heat exchange multi-stage architecture optimization module is used to calculate the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture, perform structural optimization on the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture according to the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance to obtain a heat exchange second architecture, calculate the dirt deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture, perform surface modification on the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture according to the dirt deposition to obtain a heat exchange multi-stage third architecture;

[0071] A CO2-ORC mixing mechanism building module is used to establish a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the third multi-stage heat exchange architecture, and to establish a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger;

[0072] The tail gas heat energy multi-stage exchange module is used to use the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 stage in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to perform heat exchange on the tail gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2 to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas. Based on the low-temperature tail gas, the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage is used to perform phase change on the preset organic working fluid to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid;

[0073] The waste heat recovery loss optimization module is used to drive the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism based on the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and the high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid to obtain driving mechanical energy, and convert the driving mechanical energy into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy, collect resource recovery data from the exhaust gas waste heat resources to the stored electrical energy, and analyze the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resources based on the resource recovery data using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, and based on the waste heat recovery loss, construct waste heat recovery optimization parameters for the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism, and execute exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery in the cold area through the waste heat recovery optimization parameters.

[0074] In order to solve the above problem, the present invention further provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0075] at least one processor; and,

[0076] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0077] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to implement the above-mentioned exhaust gas waste heat recovery method for cold areas.

[0078] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which at least one instruction is stored. The at least one instruction is executed by a processor in an electronic device to implement the above-mentioned exhaust gas waste heat recovery method for cold areas.

[0079] Compared with the problems described in the background technology, the present invention identifies the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resource in the cold area to provide a basis for designing an efficient and adaptable exhaust gas waste heat recovery system; further, the present invention defines the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, which helps to determine the optimal size, material and layout of the heat exchanger, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the present invention determines the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship, and utilizes multi-stage heat exchange to fully utilize the heat of the exhaust gas, thereby improving the utilization rate of the exhaust gas waste heat resource. Furthermore, the present invention is based on The heat exchange multi-stage first architecture is structurally optimized according to the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance, and the heat exchange second architecture is obtained. It can reduce operating costs and maintenance requirements while maintaining or improving heat exchange performance, and is suitable for a wider range of application scenarios. Furthermore, the present invention performs surface modification on the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture according to the fouling deposition to obtain a heat exchange multi-stage third architecture that better adapts to specific operating conditions, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of exhaust gas preheating. Next, the present invention establishes a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger, which can combine supercritical CO2 and CO2. Taking advantage of the advantages of the CO2 level and the ORC level, a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is established to efficiently utilize the waste heat resources of the exhaust gas, realize the efficient conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy, and improve the efficiency of energy utilization. The present invention utilizes the multi-stage heat exchanger in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to correspond to the supercritical CO2 level to perform heat exchange on the waste heat resources of the exhaust gas and the preset supercritical CO2, and obtains high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature exhaust gas, which can be used to preliminarily extract the high-temperature energy in the waste heat resources of the exhaust gas. Next, based on the low-temperature exhaust gas, the present invention utilizes the multi-stage heat exchanger to correspond to the ORC level to perform phase change on the preset organic working fluid, and obtains high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid, which can be used for The low-temperature tail gas is further subjected to geothermal energy extraction to improve the utilization efficiency of the tail gas waste heat. Furthermore, the present invention uses a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm to analyze the waste heat recovery loss of the tail gas waste heat resource based on the resource recovery data to better understand the energy loss in the tail gas waste heat resource recovery process, so as to take effective measures to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system. Finally, based on the waste heat recovery loss, the present invention constructs the waste heat recovery optimization parameters of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism to achieve the performance improvement of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism, thereby reducing the waste heat recovery loss and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, the present invention can improve the waste heat recovery efficiency of tail gas in cold areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0080] Figure 1A schematic flow chart of a method for recovering waste heat from exhaust gas in cold regions provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 2 A functional module diagram of an exhaust waste heat recovery system for cold regions provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for an exhaust gas waste heat recovery system for cold regions provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0085] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for recovering waste heat from exhaust gas in cold areas. The execution subject of the method for recovering waste heat from exhaust gas in cold areas includes but is not limited to at least one of the electronic devices such as a server and a terminal that can be configured to execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. In other words, the method for recovering waste heat from exhaust gas in cold areas can be executed by software or hardware installed in a terminal device or a server device. The server includes but is not limited to: a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server or a cloud server cluster, etc.

[0086] Embodiment 1:

[0087] Reference Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for recovering waste heat from exhaust gas in cold regions provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the method for recovering waste heat from exhaust gas in cold regions includes:

[0088] S1. Acquire the exhaust gas waste heat resources in the cold area, identify the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resources in the cold area, define the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resources through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, and determine the multi-stage first heat exchange architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resources based on the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship.

[0089] It should be explained that the cold regions refer to areas with low temperatures and harsh environmental conditions, and the exhaust gas waste heat resources refer to the heat energy contained in the exhaust gas emitted during the operation of industrial production processes, transportation, power plants and other facilities in these cold regions.

[0090] The present invention identifies the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resource in the cold region to provide a basis for designing an efficient and adaptable exhaust gas waste heat recovery system.

[0091] In detail, the identifying the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resource in the cold area includes:

[0092] Identify the exhaust gas waste heat resource's discharge pipeline and establish a three-dimensional geometric pipeline model of the discharge pipeline;

[0093] Based on the three-dimensional geometric pipeline model, marking the temperature monitoring nodes of the discharge pipeline;

[0094] Calculating the temperature sensitivity value of the temperature monitoring node;

[0095] When the temperature sensitivity value meets a preset temperature sensitivity threshold, the temperature data and exhaust gas flow parameters of the exhaust pipe are monitored by the temperature monitoring node;

[0096] Establishing a temperature distribution diagram of the exhaust waste heat resource through the temperature data;

[0097] Determining a temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature distribution diagram and the exhaust gas flow parameter;

[0098] Collecting tail gas samples of the tail gas waste heat resource;

[0099] Establishing an in-situ analysis environment for the tail gas sample, and analyzing the characteristic wavelength, mass fragments and retention time of the tail gas sample through the in-situ analysis environment;

[0100] The tail gas characteristics of the tail gas waste heat resource are determined by the characteristic wavelength, mass fragments and retention time.

[0101] Among them, the emission pipeline refers to the pipeline that emits exhaust gas during the operation of industrial equipment, transportation vehicles or other facilities. The three-dimensional geometric pipeline model refers to a pipeline model that displays the geometric structure and dimensions of the emission pipeline in three-dimensional form. The temperature monitoring node refers to the location node selected to monitor and record the temperature. The temperature sensitivity value refers to the response degree of the monitoring node to temperature changes. The temperature sensitivity threshold refers to a preset standard or limit. When the temperature sensitivity value of the monitoring node exceeds this threshold, it indicates that the temperature change of the node needs to be paid attention to. The exhaust gas flow parameters include parameters such as thermal conductivity and kinematic viscosity of the exhaust gas. The temperature data refers to the actual temperature readings collected from the temperature monitoring node. The temperature distribution diagram refers to a chart or graph created based on the collected temperature data, showing different temperature changes in the pipeline. The temperature distribution at a position, the temperature gradient refers to the rate at which the temperature changes with position, the exhaust gas sample refers to a representative exhaust gas sample taken from an exhaust pipe, the in-situ analysis environment refers to a test environment capable of analyzing the chemical and physical properties of the exhaust gas sample in real time or near real time, the characteristic wavelength refers to a specific wavelength corresponding to a specific chemical component in the spectral results analyzed in the in-situ analysis environment, the mass fragments refer to the mass of fragments produced by molecules in the ionization process in the mass spectrometry results analyzed in the in-situ analysis environment, the retention time refers to the time from the sample being injected into the detector to the detection of a specific component in the gas chromatograph analyzed in the in-situ analysis environment, which is used to identify and analyze compounds, and the exhaust gas characteristics refer to the chemical and physical properties of the exhaust gas, including but not limited to its composition, concentration, temperature, flow rate, reactivity and other properties.

[0102] Further, determining the temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature distribution diagram and the exhaust gas flow parameter includes:

[0103] Mark the length of the exhaust pipe corresponding to the exhaust waste heat resource;

[0104] Based on the exhaust gas flow parameter, determining the Nusselt number of the temperature monitoring node corresponding to the exhaust pipeline;

[0105] Based on the temperature distribution diagram, determine the node exhaust temperature of the temperature monitoring node

[0106] According to the exhaust gas flow parameters, the Nusselt number, the node exhaust gas temperature and the pipeline length, the temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource is calculated using the following formula:

[0107]

[0108] in, represents the temperature gradient of the exhaust waste heat resource, T w represents the node exhaust temperature, T ∞represents the node wall temperature corresponding to the node exhaust temperature, L represents the pipe length, k represents the exhaust thermal conductivity corresponding to the exhaust flow parameters, h represents the convective heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the exhaust flow parameters, and R represents the Nusselt number.

[0109] Among them, the Nusselt number refers to the number used to describe the convective heat transfer efficiency between the fluid and the solid surface, the node exhaust temperature is the exhaust temperature measured at a specific monitoring node in the emission pipeline, the pipeline length refers to the total length of the emission pipeline, the exhaust thermal conductivity refers to the ability of the exhaust gas to transfer heat, the node pipe wall temperature refers to the pipe wall temperature at a specific monitoring node in the emission pipeline, and the convective heat transfer coefficient refers to the heat flux density per unit area and unit temperature difference.

[0110] The present invention defines the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, which helps to determine the optimal size, material and layout of the heat exchanger, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0111] In detail, the temperature-exhaust waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust waste heat resource is defined by the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, including:

[0112] Analyzing the temperature-characteristic relationship between the temperature gradient and the exhaust gas characteristics;

[0113] Calculating the temperature heat content of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the temperature-characteristic relationship;

[0114] Analyzing the heat recovery potential of the tail gas waste heat resource based on the temperature heat content;

[0115] Establishing a temperature-exhaust gas recovery efficiency model of the exhaust gas waste heat resource according to the temperature heat content, the heat energy recovery potential and the temperature gradient;

[0116] According to the temperature-exhaust gas recovery efficiency model, the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource is analyzed.

[0117] Among them, the temperature-property relationship refers to the relationship between the exhaust gas temperature and its physical and chemical properties (such as composition, concentration, density, viscosity, etc.), the temperature heat content refers to the thermal energy contained in the exhaust gas at different temperatures, the heat recovery potential refers to the amount of thermal energy that can be recovered and utilized in the exhaust gas waste heat resources, the temperature-exhaust gas recovery efficiency model refers to a model that describes the relationship between the exhaust gas temperature and the efficiency of the exhaust gas waste heat recovery system, and the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship refers to the relationship between the exhaust gas temperature and the amount of heat energy recovered during the exhaust gas waste heat recovery process.

[0118] Further, the calculating the temperature heat content of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the temperature-characteristic relationship includes:

[0119] Based on the temperature gradient, determining a change in temperature of the exhaust waste heat resource;

[0120] According to the exhaust characteristics, marking the exhaust components of the exhaust waste heat resource, and defining the constant pressure specific heat capacity and constant volume specific heat capacity of the exhaust components through the temperature-characteristic relationship;

[0121] The temperature heat content of the tail gas waste heat resource is calculated using the following formula according to the change temperature, the tail gas composition, the constant pressure specific heat capacity and the constant volume specific heat capacity:

[0122]

[0123] Among them, Q represents the temperature and heat content of the exhaust waste heat resource, e c represents the molar number of the cth tail gas component of the tail gas waste heat resource, P represents the ideal gas constant of the tail gas waste heat resource, ΔT represents the change temperature of the tail gas waste heat resource, T o represents the initial temperature of the exhaust waste heat resource, v y,c represents the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the cth tail gas component of the tail gas waste heat resource, v r,c It represents the constant volume specific heat capacity of the cth exhaust component of the exhaust heat resource, and m represents the number of exhaust components corresponding to the exhaust heat resource.

[0124] Among them, the changing temperature refers to the temperature change experienced by the exhaust gas waste heat resource during the analysis process, the exhaust gas component refers to the types of different gases in the exhaust gas, such as nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and other components, the constant-pressure specific heat capacity refers to the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a unit mole of gas by 1K (or 1°C) under a constant pressure, the constant-volume specific heat capacity refers to the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a unit mole of gas by 1K (or 1°C) under a constant volume, the molar number refers to the amount of substance of each component in the exhaust gas, and the initial temperature refers to the temperature of the exhaust gas waste heat resource at the beginning of the analysis, which is the reference point for calculating the temperature change (ΔT).

[0125] Optionally, the present invention determines the multi-stage first heat exchange architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship, and utilizes multi-stage heat exchange to fully utilize the heat of the exhaust gas, thereby improving the utilization rate of the exhaust gas waste heat resource.

[0126] In detail, the organic working fluid and heat exchange first architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resource are determined according to the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship, including determining the recovery level of the exhaust gas waste heat resource, the type of recovery level and the connection method between the recovery levels, wherein the recovery level is composed of two levels, namely the heat recovery level of the highest temperature exhaust gas and the heat recovery level of the exhaust gas with gradually decreasing temperature, the types of the recovery levels are divided into organic working fluid heat recovery type and supercritical CO2 heat recovery type, and the connection method between the recovery levels is to connect the two levels in parallel.

[0127] S2. Calculate the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, optimize the structure of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the heat exchange area and the fluid flow resistance to obtain a second heat exchange architecture, calculate the dirt deposition of the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture, and perform surface modification on the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the dirt deposition to obtain a third heat exchange multi-stage architecture.

[0128] The present invention calculates the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture to provide a basis for the design and optimization of the heat exchanger.

[0129] In detail, the calculation of the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture includes:

[0130] Calculating the heat transfer coefficient and the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference of the multi-stage first heat exchange structure;

[0131] The heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture is calculated using the following formula based on the heat transfer coefficient and the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference:

[0132] A=Q / (U*Δt_lm)

[0133] Among them, A represents the heat exchange area of ​​the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, Q represents the temperature heat content of the exhaust waste heat resource corresponding to the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, U represents the heat transfer coefficient of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, and Δt_lm represents the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture;

[0134] Calculating the fluid flow rate and fluid density of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture;

[0135] Determining the local resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture according to the fluid flow rate and the fluid density;

[0136] The fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture is determined by the local resistance.

[0137] Among them, the heat transfer coefficient represents the heat transfer rate per unit area and per unit temperature difference, the exhaust gas-working fluid temperature difference refers to the average temperature difference between the exhaust gas and the working fluid, the heat exchange area refers to the effective area used for heat transfer in the heat exchanger, the fluid flow rate refers to the average flow rate of the fluid in the heat exchanger pipe, the fluid density refers to the density of the fluid, the local resistance refers to the pressure loss caused by local obstacles in the heat exchanger (such as elbows, valves, expansion or reduction sections, etc.), and the fluid flow resistance refers to the total pressure loss when the fluid flows in the heat exchanger.

[0138] The present invention structurally optimizes the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture according to the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance, and obtains a heat exchange second architecture that can reduce operating costs and maintenance requirements while maintaining or improving heat exchange performance, and is suitable for a wider range of application scenarios. Among them, the heat exchange second architecture refers to a new heat exchange system design after a series of structural optimizations are performed on the original heat exchange multi-stage first architecture. In detail, the structural optimization of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture includes changing the geometry of the heat exchanger, such as adjusting the pipe diameter, fin spacing or plate design; optimizing the flow channel layout, reducing the detours and dead corners of the fluid in the heat exchanger, and other structural optimizations.

[0139] The present invention calculates the dirt deposition of the multi-stage second heat exchange architecture to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the architecture, thereby improving the effect of exhaust gas preheating recovery.

[0140] In detail, the calculation of the fouling deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture includes:

[0141] Collecting multi-stage fluid data and surface characteristic data of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture;

[0142] Defining the fouling type of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture according to the multi-stage fluid data and the surface characteristic data;

[0143] Based on the fouling type, determining a fouling model of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture;

[0144] Analyzing the fouling coefficient of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture by using the multi-stage fluid data and surface characteristic data and the fouling model;

[0145] Based on the fouling coefficient, calculating the fouling deposition rate of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture;

[0146] The fouling deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture is determined according to the fouling deposition rate.

[0147] Among them, the multi-stage fluid data refers to the characteristic data of the fluid flowing in different stages of the heat exchanger, including the temperature, pressure, flow rate, composition, viscosity, density, etc. of the fluid. For example, in the first stage of the second multi-stage heat exchange architecture, the temperature of the hot fluid is 500°C, the pressure is 1.5MPa, the flow rate is 10m / s, and the component analysis shows that it contains 5% SO2 and 3% NOx. In the second stage of the multi-stage second architecture of heat exchange, the temperature of the cold fluid is 30°C, the pressure is 0.5MPa, the flow rate is 5m / s, and the water quality analysis shows that the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration is 300ppm. The surface characteristic data refers to the physical and chemical properties of the internal surface of the heat exchanger, such as roughness, material, corrosion rate, hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity, etc. The fouling type refers to the type of fouling determined according to the fluid data and surface characteristic data, such as scale, sediment, corrosion products, biofilm, etc. The fouling model is a mathematical model used to describe the fouling formation process, which can be an empirical model, a semi-empirical model or a mechanism-based model. The fouling coefficient refers to a parameter used in the fouling model to quantify the fouling deposition rate. The fouling deposition rate refers to the increase in the mass of fouling per unit area per unit time. The fouling deposition refers to the process and result of fouling accumulation on the surface of the heat exchanger.

[0148] Furthermore, the fouling coefficient may be used to calculate the fouling deposition rate of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture by combining the fouling coefficient with the operating conditions of the fluid to estimate the speed at which fouling is formed on the surface of the heat exchanger.

[0149] The present invention performs surface modification on the heat exchange multi-stage second structure according to the dirt deposition, so as to obtain a heat exchange multi-stage third structure that better adapts to specific operating conditions, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of exhaust gas preheating. The heat exchange multi-stage third structure refers to an optimized version of the heat exchange system obtained after a series of surface modification measures are performed on the heat exchange multi-stage second structure. In detail, the surface modification of the heat exchange multi-stage second structure includes applying anti-fouling coatings, such as Teflon (PTFE), ceramic coatings, nano coatings, etc., to reduce the adhesion of dirt; mechanical grinding or sandblasting to improve the smoothness and cleanliness of the surface; using laser texturing or other technologies to create microstructures to reduce the contact area between the fluid and the surface, etc.

[0150] S3. Based on the third multi-stage heat exchange architecture, a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established, and a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger.

[0151] The present invention is based on the multi-stage third architecture of heat exchange, and establishes a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource for efficient recovery of exhaust gas waste heat resources. Among them, the multi-stage heat exchanger refers to a heat exchange device that recovers heat energy efficiently through multiple heat exchange stages. In detail, the multi-stage heat exchanger includes components such as inlet and outlet parts, heat exchange elements, multi-stage heat exchange processes, connecting pipes and valves, wherein the multi-stage heat exchange process includes multiple plate heat exchangers in series, each stage for different temperature and pressure conditions.

[0152] Optionally, the present invention establishes a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger, which can combine the advantages of the supercritical CO2 level and the ORC level, and establish a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for efficiently utilizing the exhaust gas waste heat resources, thereby achieving efficient conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0153] In detail, the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource is established through the temperature gradient, the tail gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger, including:

[0154] According to the multi-stage heat exchanger, the supercritical CO2 level and the ORC level of the tail gas waste heat resource are defined;

[0155] determining supercritical CO2 level components and ORC level components of the supercritical CO2 level and ORC level;

[0156] Marking the integration points of the supercritical CO2 stage assembly and the ORC stage assembly;

[0157] Establishing an initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource based on the integration point, the supercritical CO2 level component and the ORC level component;

[0158] Calculating the hierarchical synergy coefficient of the initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism;

[0159] When the hierarchical coordination coefficient meets the preset hierarchical coordination standard, the initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is used as the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource.

[0160] Wherein, the supercritical CO2 level refers to the part of the supercritical CO2-ORC hybrid mechanism that uses supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid to perform heat energy conversion in the high temperature area of ​​the tail gas waste heat resource, and the ORC level refers to the part of the hybrid mechanism that uses organic working fluids for heat energy conversion. The supercritical CO2 level components are physical components that constitute the supercritical CO2 level, including but not limited to compressors, heaters (or heat recovery devices), turbines and coolers. The ORC level components are physical components that constitute the ORC level, including evaporators, turbines, generators and condensers. The integration point refers to the supercritical CO2 level components and the ORC level components in the heat The specific positions of mutual connection and collaborative work during the exchange process, the initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism refers to the mixing mechanism model preliminarily established based on the integration point, supercritical CO2 level components and ORC level components, the hierarchical synergy coefficient refers to an indicator used to evaluate the synergistic efficiency of the supercritical CO2 level and the ORC level in the mixing mechanism, the hierarchical synergy standard is a standard for judging whether the hierarchical synergy coefficient achieves the expected high-efficiency synergistic effect, the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism refers to the final established exhaust gas waste heat resource utilization system, which combines the advantages of the supercritical CO2 level and the ORC level, and realizes efficient and reliable heat energy conversion and utilization by optimizing the design and operating parameters.

[0161] Optionally, the calculation of the hierarchical synergy coefficient of the initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism includes comprehensive evaluation and determination of performance evaluation, energy analysis, and available energy analysis.

[0162] S4. Utilize the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 stage in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to perform heat exchange on the exhaust gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2 to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature exhaust gas. Based on the low-temperature exhaust gas, utilize the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage to perform phase change on the preset organic working fluid to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid.

[0163] The present invention utilizes the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 level in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to perform heat exchange between the tail gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2, and obtains high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas, which can initially extract the high-temperature energy in the tail gas waste heat resource. The high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 refers to the carbon dioxide working fluid absorbing the heat in the tail gas waste heat resource during the heat exchange process, and the low-temperature tail gas refers to the tail gas whose temperature is reduced after the tail gas waste heat resource releases most of the heat to the supercritical CO2 during the heat exchange process.

[0164] Furthermore, based on the low-temperature tail gas, the present invention uses the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage to perform phase change on the preset organic working fluid, and obtains a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid, which can further extract geothermal energy from the low-temperature tail gas and improve the utilization efficiency of the waste heat of the tail gas. Among them, the organic working fluid refers to a specific type of compound used in the ORC cycle, usually an organic compound with suitable thermodynamic properties, such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, etc. The high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid refers to an organic working fluid that reaches a higher temperature and pressure after absorbing heat during the heat exchange process of the ORC cycle.

[0165] S5. Based on the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and the high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid, the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is driven to obtain driving mechanical energy, and the driving mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy, and the resource recovery data of the exhaust gas waste heat resources to the stored electrical energy is collected, and according to the resource recovery data, the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resources is analyzed by using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, and based on the waste heat recovery loss, the waste heat recovery optimization parameters of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism are constructed, and the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery in the cold area is performed by the waste heat recovery optimization parameters.

[0166] The present invention drives the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism based on the high temperature and high pressure supercritical CO2 and the high temperature and high pressure organic working medium to obtain driving mechanical energy, and converts the driving mechanical energy into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy. By converting the energy of the graded absorption of tail gas resources into mechanical energy and electrical energy, the efficient storage of tail gas waste heat resources is realized. Among them, the driving mechanical energy refers to the energy generated when the high temperature and high pressure supercritical CO2 and the high temperature and high pressure organic working medium expand and work in the turbine, and the stored electrical energy refers to the electrical energy converted by the driving mechanical energy through the generator. In detail, the driving mechanical energy refers to the mechanical energy obtained by rotating the turbine through the high temperature and high pressure supercritical CO2 and the high temperature and high pressure organic working medium; the stored electrical energy is that the turbine is connected to the generator through the shaft, and the rotational kinetic energy of the turbine drives the rotor of the generator to rotate, generating a changing magnetic field in the stator winding. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic field will generate an induced electromotive force in the winding, thereby generating current, that is, electrical energy, and then the electrical energy is stored to obtain stored electrical energy.

[0167] It should be explained that the resource recovery data refers to the data collected in the entire process of exhaust gas waste heat resource utilization, from exhaust gas collection, heat energy conversion, electricity generation to electricity storage.

[0168] The present invention analyzes the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the resource recovery data using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm to better understand the energy loss in the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery process, thereby taking effective measures to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system.

[0169] In detail, the waste heat recovery loss of the tail gas waste heat resource is analyzed according to the resource recovery data using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, including:

[0170] Defining the recovery loss type of the tail gas waste heat resource;

[0171] analyzing transient thermodynamic parameters of the recovery loss type based on the resource recovery data;

[0172] According to the transient thermodynamic parameters, using the transient-CDF loss algorithm to analyze the probability density function estimation of the exhaust waste heat resource;

[0173] Constructing a CDF curve of the exhaust waste heat resource through the probability density function estimation;

[0174] Based on the CDF curve, the waste heat recovery loss of the tail gas waste heat resource is determined.

[0175] Among them, the transient-CDF loss algorithm refers to an algorithm that combines transient analysis and cumulative distribution function (CDF) to estimate the energy loss distribution at different time points, the recovery loss type refers to the different types of energy loss that may occur in the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery process, the transient thermodynamic parameter refers to the physical quantity that changes with time in the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery process, the probability density function estimation refers to determining the probability distribution of these parameters by analyzing the transient thermodynamic parameters of the exhaust gas waste heat resources, the CDF curve refers to a curve constructed based on the probability density function, which represents the cumulative probability that the transient thermodynamic parameters of the exhaust gas waste heat resources are less than or equal to a certain value, and the waste heat recovery loss refers to the energy that is not effectively utilized in the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery process.

[0176] Optionally, the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust waste heat resource based on the CDF curve can be determined by comparing it with a preset ideal CDF curve, wherein the ideal CDF curve means that under ideal circumstances, all heat energy in the exhaust gas should be recovered and will appear as a straight CDF curve that reaches 100% at the maximum thermodynamic parameter value.

[0177] Based on the waste heat recovery loss, the present invention constructs the waste heat recovery optimization parameters of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism to improve the performance of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism, thereby reducing the waste heat recovery loss and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency. Among them, the waste heat recovery optimization parameters refer to those variables that can affect the performance of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism, including operating condition parameters (working fluid flow, temperature and pressure settings, operating mode), control system parameters (PID control parameters, temperature, pressure and flow) and other parameters.

[0178] Compared with the problems described in the background technology, the present invention identifies the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resource in the cold area to provide a basis for designing an efficient and adaptable exhaust gas waste heat recovery system; further, the present invention defines the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, which helps to determine the optimal size, material and layout of the heat exchanger, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the present invention determines the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship, and utilizes multi-stage heat exchange to fully utilize the heat of the exhaust gas, thereby improving the utilization rate of the exhaust gas waste heat resource. Furthermore, the present invention is based on The heat exchange multi-stage first architecture is structurally optimized according to the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance, and the heat exchange second architecture is obtained. It can reduce operating costs and maintenance requirements while maintaining or improving heat exchange performance, and is suitable for a wider range of application scenarios. Furthermore, the present invention performs surface modification on the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture according to the fouling deposition to obtain a heat exchange multi-stage third architecture that better adapts to specific operating conditions, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of exhaust gas preheating. Next, the present invention establishes a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger, which can combine supercritical CO2 and CO2. Taking advantage of the advantages of the CO2 level and the ORC level, a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is established to efficiently utilize the waste heat resources of the exhaust gas, realize the efficient conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy, and improve the efficiency of energy utilization. The present invention utilizes the multi-stage heat exchanger in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to correspond to the supercritical CO2 level to perform heat exchange on the waste heat resources of the exhaust gas and the preset supercritical CO2, and obtains high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature exhaust gas, which can be used to preliminarily extract the high-temperature energy in the waste heat resources of the exhaust gas. Next, based on the low-temperature exhaust gas, the present invention utilizes the multi-stage heat exchanger to correspond to the ORC level to perform phase change on the preset organic working fluid, and obtains high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid, which can be used for The low-temperature tail gas is further subjected to geothermal energy extraction to improve the utilization efficiency of the tail gas waste heat. Furthermore, the present invention uses a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm to analyze the waste heat recovery loss of the tail gas waste heat resource based on the resource recovery data to better understand the energy loss in the tail gas waste heat resource recovery process, so as to take effective measures to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system. Finally, based on the waste heat recovery loss, the present invention constructs the waste heat recovery optimization parameters of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism to achieve the performance improvement of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism, thereby reducing the waste heat recovery loss and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, the present invention can improve the waste heat recovery efficiency of tail gas in cold areas.

[0179] Embodiment 2:

[0180] like Figure 2, which is a functional module diagram of an exhaust waste heat recovery system for cold regions provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0181] The exhaust gas waste heat recovery system 200 for cold areas of the present invention can be installed in an electronic device. According to the functions to be implemented, the exhaust gas waste heat recovery system 200 for cold areas can include a heat exchange multi-stage architecture building module 201, a heat exchange multi-stage architecture optimization module 202, a CO2-ORC mixing mechanism building module 203, an exhaust gas heat energy multi-stage exchange module 204 and a waste heat recovery loss optimization module 205. The module of the present invention can also be called a unit, which refers to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by an electronic device processor and can complete fixed functions, which are stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0182] In this embodiment, the functions of each module / unit are as follows:

[0183] The heat exchange multi-stage architecture building module 201 is used to obtain the exhaust gas waste heat resource in the cold area, identify the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resource in the cold area, define the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, and determine the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resource according to the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship;

[0184] The heat exchange multi-stage architecture optimization module 202 is used to calculate the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture, perform structural optimization on the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture according to the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance to obtain a heat exchange second architecture, calculate the dirt deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture, and perform surface modification on the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture according to the dirt deposition to obtain a heat exchange multi-stage third architecture;

[0185] The CO2-ORC mixing mechanism building module 203 is used to establish a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the heat exchange multi-stage third architecture, and to establish a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger;

[0186] The tail gas heat energy multi-stage exchange module 204 is used to use the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 stage in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to perform heat exchange on the tail gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2 to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas. Based on the low-temperature tail gas, the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage is used to perform phase change on the preset organic working fluid to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid.

[0187] The waste heat recovery loss optimization module 205 is used to drive the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism based on the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and the high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid to obtain driving mechanical energy, and convert the driving mechanical energy into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy, collect resource recovery data from the exhaust gas waste heat resources to the stored electrical energy, and analyze the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resources based on the resource recovery data using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, and based on the waste heat recovery loss, construct waste heat recovery optimization parameters for the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism, and execute exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery in the cold area through the waste heat recovery optimization parameters.

[0188] In detail, each module described in the exhaust gas waste heat recovery system 200 for cold areas described in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the same technical means as the exhaust gas waste heat recovery method for cold areas described in the accompanying drawings when in use, and can produce the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0189] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device for implementing a method for recovering waste heat from exhaust gas in cold regions.

[0190] See also Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 30, a memory 31, a communication bus 32 and a communication interface 33, and may also include a computer program stored in the memory 31 and executable on the processor 30, such as an exhaust waste heat recovery method program for cold areas.

[0191] In some embodiments, the processor may be composed of an integrated circuit, for example, a single packaged integrated circuit, or a plurality of packaged integrated circuits with the same or different functions, including one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphics processors, and combinations of various control chips. The processor is the control core (Control Unit) of the electronic device, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect the various components of the entire electronic device. It runs or executes programs or modules stored in the memory (for example, executing exhaust waste heat recovery programs for cold areas, etc.), and calls data stored in the memory to execute various functions of the electronic device and process data.

[0192] The memory includes at least one type of readable storage medium, and the readable storage medium includes flash memory, mobile hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory (for example: SD or DX memory, etc.), magnetic memory, disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory can be an internal storage unit of an electronic device, such as a mobile hard disk of the electronic device. In other embodiments, the memory can also be an external storage device of an electronic device, such as a plug-in mobile hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), etc. equipped on the electronic device. Further, the memory can also include both an internal storage unit of the electronic device and an external storage device. The memory can not only be used to store application software and various types of data installed in the electronic device, such as codes based on exhaust waste heat recovery programs for cold areas, but can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.

[0193] The communication bus may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The bus is configured to realize connection and communication between the memory and at least one processor, etc.

[0194] The communication interface is used for communication between the above-mentioned electronic device and other devices, including a network interface and a user interface. Optionally, the network interface may include a wired interface and / or a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface, a Bluetooth interface, etc.), which is generally used to establish a communication connection between the electronic device and other electronic devices. The user interface may be a display (Display), an input unit (such as a keyboard (Keyboard)), and optionally, the user interface may also be a standard wired interface, a wireless interface. Optionally, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, and an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, organic light-emitting diode) touch device, etc. Among them, the display may also be appropriately referred to as a display screen or a display unit, which is used to display information processed in the electronic device and to display a visual user interface.

[0195] For example, although not shown, the electronic device may also include a power source (such as a battery) for supplying power to each component. Preferably, the power source may be logically connected to the at least one processor through a power management system, so that the power management system can realize functions such as charging management, discharging management, and power consumption management. The power source may also include any components such as one or more DC or AC power sources, recharging systems, power failure detection circuits, power converters or inverters, and power status indicators. The electronic device may also include a variety of sensors, Bluetooth modules, Wi-Fi modules, etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0196] It should be understood that the embodiment is for illustration only and the scope of the patent application is not limited to this structure.

[0197] The exhaust gas waste heat recovery program for cold regions stored in the memory of the electronic device is a combination of multiple instructions, which, when executed in the processor, can achieve:

[0198] Acquire exhaust gas waste heat resources in a cold region, identify the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resources in the cold region, define a temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resources through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, and determine a multi-stage first heat exchange architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resources according to the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship;

[0199] Calculating the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, optimizing the structure of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the heat exchange area and the fluid flow resistance to obtain a second heat exchange architecture, calculating the dirt deposition of the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture, and performing surface modification on the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the dirt deposition to obtain a third heat exchange multi-stage architecture;

[0200] Based on the third multi-stage heat exchange architecture, a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established, and a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger;

[0201] The tail gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2 are heat exchanged by using the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 stage in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas; based on the low-temperature tail gas, the preset organic working fluid is phase-changed by using the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid;

[0202] Based on the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and the high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid, the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is driven to obtain driving mechanical energy, and the driving mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy, and resource recovery data of the exhaust gas waste heat resources to the stored electrical energy is collected, and according to the resource recovery data, the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resources is analyzed by using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, and based on the waste heat recovery loss, the waste heat recovery optimization parameters of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism are constructed, and the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery in the cold area is performed through the waste heat recovery optimization parameters.

[0203] Specifically, the specific implementation method of the processor for the above instructions can refer to the description of the relevant steps in the corresponding embodiment of the accompanying drawings, which will not be repeated here.

[0204] Furthermore, if the module / unit integrated in the electronic device is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be volatile or non-volatile. For example, the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or system capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, and a read-only memory (ROM).

[0205] The present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor of an electronic device, the computer program can implement:

[0206] Acquire exhaust gas waste heat resources in a cold region, identify the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resources in the cold region, define a temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resources through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, and determine a multi-stage first heat exchange architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resources according to the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship;

[0207] Calculating the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, optimizing the structure of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the heat exchange area and the fluid flow resistance to obtain a second heat exchange architecture, calculating the dirt deposition of the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture, and performing surface modification on the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the dirt deposition to obtain a third heat exchange multi-stage architecture;

[0208] Based on the third multi-stage heat exchange architecture, a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established, and a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger;

[0209] The tail gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2 are heat exchanged by using the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 stage in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas; based on the low-temperature tail gas, the preset organic working fluid is phase-changed by using the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid;

[0210] Based on the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and the high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid, the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is driven to obtain driving mechanical energy, and the driving mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy, and resource recovery data of the exhaust gas waste heat resources to the stored electrical energy is collected, and according to the resource recovery data, the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resources is analyzed by using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, and based on the waste heat recovery loss, the waste heat recovery optimization parameters of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism are constructed, and the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery in the cold area is performed through the waste heat recovery optimization parameters.

[0211] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.

[0212] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0213] In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional modules.

[0214] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0215] Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the appended claims rather than the above description, so it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any attached figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0216] The embodiments of the present application can acquire and process relevant data based on artificial intelligence technology. Among them, artificial intelligence (AI) is the theory, method, technology and application system that uses digital computers or machines controlled by digital computers to simulate, extend and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, acquire knowledge and use knowledge to obtain the best results.

[0217] In addition, it is clear that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Multiple units or systems stated in a system claim can also be implemented by one unit or system through software or hardware. The words first, second, etc. are used to indicate names, and do not indicate any particular order.

Claims

1. A method for recovering waste heat from tail gas in cold areas, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquire exhaust gas waste heat resources in a cold region, identify the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resources in the cold region, define a temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resources through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, and determine a multi-stage first heat exchange architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resources according to the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship; Calculating the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, optimizing the structure of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the heat exchange area and the fluid flow resistance to obtain a second heat exchange architecture, calculating the dirt deposition of the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture, and performing surface modification on the second heat exchange multi-stage architecture according to the dirt deposition to obtain a third heat exchange multi-stage architecture; Based on the third multi-stage heat exchange architecture, a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established, and a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource is established through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger; The tail gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2 are heat exchanged by using the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 stage in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas; based on the low-temperature tail gas, the preset organic working fluid is phase-changed by using the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid; Based on the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and the high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid, the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is driven to obtain driving mechanical energy, and the driving mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy, and resource recovery data of the exhaust gas waste heat resources to the stored electrical energy is collected, and according to the resource recovery data, the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resources is analyzed by using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, and based on the waste heat recovery loss, the waste heat recovery optimization parameters of the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism are constructed, and the exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery in the cold area is performed through the waste heat recovery optimization parameters.

2. The exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identifying the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resource in the cold area includes: Identify the exhaust gas waste heat resource's discharge pipeline and establish a three-dimensional geometric pipeline model of the discharge pipeline; Based on the three-dimensional geometric pipeline model, marking the temperature monitoring nodes of the discharge pipeline; Calculating the temperature sensitivity value of the temperature monitoring node; When the temperature sensitivity value meets a preset temperature sensitivity threshold, the temperature data and exhaust gas flow parameters of the exhaust pipe are monitored by the temperature monitoring node; Establishing a temperature distribution diagram of the exhaust waste heat resource through the temperature data; Determining a temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature distribution diagram and the exhaust gas flow parameter; Collecting tail gas samples of the tail gas waste heat resource; Establishing an in-situ analysis environment for the tail gas sample, and analyzing the characteristic wavelength, mass fragments and retention time of the tail gas sample through the in-situ analysis environment; The tail gas characteristics of the tail gas waste heat resource are determined by the characteristic wavelength, mass fragments and retention time.

3. The exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determining the temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature distribution diagram and the exhaust gas flow parameter includes: Mark the length of the exhaust pipe corresponding to the exhaust waste heat resource; Based on the exhaust gas flow parameter, determining the Nusselt number of the temperature monitoring node corresponding to the exhaust pipeline; Based on the temperature distribution diagram, determine the node exhaust temperature of the temperature monitoring node According to the exhaust gas flow parameters, the Nusselt number, the node exhaust gas temperature and the pipeline length, the temperature gradient of the exhaust gas waste heat resource is calculated using the following formula: θ=(T w -T ∞ / L)·(k / h)·R Where θ represents the temperature gradient of the exhaust waste heat resource, T w represents the node exhaust temperature, T ∞ represents the node wall temperature corresponding to the node exhaust temperature, L represents the pipe length, k represents the exhaust thermal conductivity corresponding to the exhaust flow parameters, h represents the convective heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the exhaust flow parameters, and R represents the Nusselt number.

4. The exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: Defining the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource by the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics includes: Analyzing the temperature-characteristic relationship between the temperature gradient and the exhaust gas characteristics; Calculating the temperature heat content of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the temperature-characteristic relationship; Analyzing the heat recovery potential of the tail gas waste heat resource based on the temperature heat content; Establishing a temperature-exhaust gas recovery efficiency model of the exhaust gas waste heat resource according to the temperature heat content, the heat energy recovery potential and the temperature gradient; According to the temperature-exhaust gas recovery efficiency model, the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resource is analyzed.

5. The exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculating the temperature heat content of the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the temperature-characteristic relationship includes: Based on the temperature gradient, determining a change in temperature of the exhaust waste heat resource; According to the exhaust characteristics, marking the exhaust components of the exhaust waste heat resource, and defining the constant pressure specific heat capacity and constant volume specific heat capacity of the exhaust components through the temperature-characteristic relationship; The temperature heat content of the tail gas waste heat resource is calculated using the following formula according to the change temperature, the tail gas composition, the constant pressure specific heat capacity and the constant volume specific heat capacity: Among them, Q represents the temperature and heat content of the exhaust waste heat resource, e c represents the molar number of the cth tail gas component of the tail gas waste heat resource, P represents the ideal gas constant of the tail gas waste heat resource, ΔT represents the change temperature of the tail gas waste heat resource, T o represents the initial temperature of the exhaust waste heat resource, v y,c represents the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the cth tail gas component of the tail gas waste heat resource, v r,c It represents the constant volume specific heat capacity of the cth exhaust component of the exhaust heat resource, and m represents the number of exhaust components corresponding to the exhaust heat resource.

6. The exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold regions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculating of the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture includes: Calculating the heat transfer coefficient and the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference of the multi-stage first heat exchange structure; The heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture is calculated using the following formula based on the heat transfer coefficient and the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference: A=Q / (U*Δt_lm) Among them, A represents the heat exchange area of ​​the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, Q represents the temperature heat content of the exhaust waste heat resource corresponding to the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, U represents the heat transfer coefficient of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture, and Δt_lm represents the exhaust gas-working medium temperature difference of the first heat exchange multi-stage architecture; Calculating the fluid flow rate and fluid density of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture; Determining the local resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture according to the fluid flow rate and the fluid density; The fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture is determined by the local resistance.

7. The exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold regions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculating of the fouling deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture comprises: Collecting multi-stage fluid data and surface characteristic data of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture; Defining the fouling type of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture according to the multi-stage fluid data and the surface characteristic data; Based on the fouling type, determining a fouling model of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture; Analyzing the fouling coefficient of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture by using the multi-stage fluid data and surface characteristic data and the fouling model; Based on the fouling coefficient, calculating the fouling deposition rate of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture; The fouling deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture is determined according to the fouling deposition rate.

8. The exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold regions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource is established through the temperature gradient, the tail gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger, including: According to the multi-stage heat exchanger, the supercritical CO2 level and the ORC level of the tail gas waste heat resource are defined; determining supercritical CO2 level components and ORC level components of the supercritical CO2 level and ORC level; Marking the integration points of the supercritical CO2 stage assembly and the ORC stage assembly; Establishing an initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource based on the integration point, the supercritical CO2 level component and the ORC level component; Calculating the hierarchical synergy coefficient of the initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism; When the hierarchical coordination coefficient meets the preset hierarchical coordination standard, the initial CO2-ORC mixing mechanism is used as the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism of the tail gas waste heat resource.

9. The exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method of analyzing the waste heat recovery loss of the tail gas waste heat resource using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm according to the resource recovery data includes: Defining the recovery loss type of the tail gas waste heat resource; analyzing transient thermodynamic parameters of the recovery loss type based on the resource recovery data; According to the transient thermodynamic parameters, using the transient-CDF loss algorithm to analyze the probability density function estimation of the exhaust waste heat resource; Constructing a CDF curve of the exhaust waste heat resource through the probability density function estimation; Based on the CDF curve, the waste heat recovery loss of the tail gas waste heat resource is determined.

10. A tail gas waste heat recovery system for cold regions, characterized in that: The system is used to perform the exhaust waste heat recovery method for cold areas according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises: A heat exchange multi-stage architecture building module is used to obtain exhaust gas waste heat resources in cold areas, identify the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics of the exhaust gas waste heat resources in the cold areas, define the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship of the exhaust gas waste heat resources through the temperature gradient and exhaust gas characteristics, and determine the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture of the exhaust gas waste heat resources according to the temperature-exhaust gas waste heat recovery relationship; A heat exchange multi-stage architecture optimization module is used to calculate the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance of the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture, perform structural optimization on the heat exchange multi-stage first architecture according to the heat exchange area and fluid flow resistance to obtain a heat exchange second architecture, calculate the dirt deposition of the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture, perform surface modification on the heat exchange multi-stage second architecture according to the dirt deposition to obtain a heat exchange multi-stage third architecture; A CO2-ORC mixing mechanism building module is used to establish a multi-stage heat exchanger for the exhaust gas waste heat resource based on the third multi-stage heat exchange architecture, and to establish a supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism for the exhaust gas waste heat resource through the temperature gradient, the exhaust gas characteristics and the multi-stage heat exchanger; The tail gas heat energy multi-stage exchange module is used to use the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the supercritical CO2 stage in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism to perform heat exchange on the tail gas waste heat resource and the preset supercritical CO2 to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and low-temperature tail gas. Based on the low-temperature tail gas, the multi-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the ORC stage is used to perform phase change on the preset organic working fluid to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid; The waste heat recovery loss optimization module is used to drive the turbine in the supercritical CO2-ORC mixing mechanism based on the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2 and the high-temperature and high-pressure organic working fluid to obtain driving mechanical energy, and convert the driving mechanical energy into electrical energy to obtain stored electrical energy, collect resource recovery data from the exhaust gas waste heat resources to the stored electrical energy, and analyze the waste heat recovery loss of the exhaust gas waste heat resources based on the resource recovery data using a preset transient-CDF loss algorithm, and based on the waste heat recovery loss, construct waste heat recovery optimization parameters for the heat exchange system and the supercritical CO2 circulation mechanism, and execute exhaust gas waste heat resource recovery in the cold area through the waste heat recovery optimization parameters.

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