A BIM-based architectural engineering design method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a building engineering design method based on BIM, which relates to the technical field of building engineering design methods. The method comprises the following steps: extracting key data for building engineering design from BIM software through a data acquisition module; calculating a structural performance evaluation index XP and a cost efficiency ratio index CX through an evaluation and optimization design module; performing design optimization based on the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost efficiency ratio index CX, including adjusting structural dimensions, material selection, and load distribution; and finally evaluating the optimization potential and effect of the design scheme. The method comprises the following steps: performing repeated iterative optimization through an iterative decision module, comprehensively considering the structural performance evaluation index XP, the cost efficiency ratio index CX, and the design optimization index ZP, and making a final design decision, thereby achieving multiple beneficial effects such as improving design efficiency and quality, realizing quantitative evaluation and scientific decision-making, promoting information circulation and collaboration, and reducing project risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering design methods, and in particular to a construction engineering design method based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology, also known as building information modeling technology, is a technology that uses digital technology to construct an integrated model of the entire life cycle information of a construction project. BIM technology has greatly improved the efficiency and quality of construction project design through its three-dimensional design, visualization, collaboration, and optimization features. In the process of construction project design, BIM technology is often used to optimize design methods.

[0003] In the traditional architectural design process, information communication between different disciplines is not smooth, resulting in more design changes and greater construction difficulties. Although the introduction of BIM technology can alleviate this problem to a certain extent, the data formats between different BIM software may be incompatible, affecting the flow and integration of information. Construction engineering projects involve a large amount of data, and the accuracy of the data directly affects the accuracy of the model and the correctness of design decisions. However, in actual operations, inaccuracies, incompleteness and inconsistencies are prone to occur during the data collection, integration and management process. In addition, there are many participants in construction engineering projects, and they are scattered in different regions. Traditional collaboration methods make it difficult to achieve real-time communication and information sharing, resulting in low collaboration efficiency. In addition, traditional design methods lack quantitative evaluation tools in evaluating structural performance, cost efficiency and design optimization, making it difficult to make scientific and objective decisions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction engineering design method based on BIM, which solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a construction engineering design method based on BIM;

[0006] Including data acquisition module, evaluation and optimization design module and iterative decision module;

[0007] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0008] Extracting key data for building engineering design from BIM software through the data acquisition module;

[0009] The evaluation and optimization design module calculates the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost efficiency ratio index CX, and performs design optimization based on the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost efficiency ratio index CX, including adjusting the structural size, material selection, and load distribution. Finally, the optimization potential and effect of the design scheme are evaluated. The evaluation and optimization design module includes an overall structural performance evaluation unit, a design method economic evaluation unit, and a comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit.

[0010] Through the iterative decision module, and taking into account the structural performance evaluation index XP, the cost efficiency ratio index CX and the design optimization index ZP, repeated iterative optimization is performed to output the final design decision;

[0011] The equipment used in the data acquisition module includes data conversion software for BIM data conversion and converting the data in the BIM model into other formats for processing;

[0012] The equipment used in the evaluation and optimization design module includes cost estimation software and calculators.

[0013] Optionally, the calculation formula of the overall structural performance evaluation unit is as follows:

[0014] ;

[0015] ;

[0016] in:

[0017] XP is the structural performance evaluation index;

[0018] J is the moment of inertia of the section;

[0019] JK is the section width, JG is the section height;

[0020] TM is the elastic modulus of the material;

[0021] G is the structure height;

[0022] H i is the load value at each point on the structure;

[0023] Z i is the vertical distance, Z i Specifically reflects the vertical distance from each load action point to the bottom of the structure;

[0024] H max is the maximum load index;

[0025] In addition, the section inertia moment J, material elastic modulus TM, structure height G, load value at each point on the structure H i , vertical distance Z iand maximum load index H max All are based on and obtained through BIM.

[0026] Optionally, the calculation formula of the economic evaluation unit of the design method is as follows:

[0027] CX=XP / (ZG*(1+C diff ));

[0028] in:

[0029] CX is the cost efficiency ratio index;

[0030] ZG is the construction cost;

[0031] C diff is the construction difficulty coefficient;

[0032] In addition, the construction cost ZG and construction difficulty coefficient C diff They are also based on and obtained through BIM.

[0033] Optionally, the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit is as follows:

[0034] ;

[0035] ;

[0036] in:

[0037] ZP is the design optimization index;

[0038] XP i is the improvement index of structural performance in the i-th iteration;

[0039] D is the total number of iterations, which represents the total number of times from the beginning of the construction project to the current stage;

[0040] XP initial is the initial structural performance evaluation index;

[0041] XP affter（i） XP is the structural performance evaluation index after iteration, before（i） is the structural performance evaluation index before iteration, and the structural performance evaluation index XP after iteration affter（i） and pre-iteration structural performance evaluation index XP before（i） They respectively reflect the last and the previous iteration result values ​​of the structural performance evaluation index XP.

[0042] Optionally, the steps for outputting the result values ​​of different situations of the design optimization index ZP output by the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit are as follows:

[0043] S1. Set a safety value for the design optimization index ZP;

[0044] S2. If the design optimization index ZP is lower than the safety value, it means that there is a large space for design optimization. The structural performance evaluation index XP and cost-effectiveness ratio index CX of the current design scheme are not ideal. The number of design iterations should be increased.

[0045] S3. If the design optimization index ZP is higher than the safety value, it means that the current design scheme has been relatively optimized, and the structural performance evaluation index XP and cost-effectiveness index CX are relatively ideal. We should continue to pay attention to market changes and technological progress so as to make fine-tuning and upgrades when necessary;

[0046] S4. If the design optimization index ZP is close to or equal to the safety value, it means that the design solution is within an acceptable range. Based on project requirements and resource conditions, the number of design iterations should be appropriately increased and targeted optimization should be carried out.

[0047] Optionally, the improvement of the structural performance evaluation index XP will directly affect the calculation of the cost efficiency ratio index CX. Specifically, since the structural performance evaluation index XP is the numerator of the cost efficiency ratio index CX, if the structural performance evaluation index XP increases while the cost and other factors remain unchanged, the cost efficiency ratio index CX will also increase, indicating that the economic and technical feasibility of the project have been improved. Secondly, the improvement of the cost efficiency ratio index CX will directly affect the calculation of the design optimization index ZP. Specifically, since the cost efficiency ratio index CX is a multiplier factor of the design optimization index ZP, at the same time, the improvement rate of the structural performance evaluation index XP during the design iteration process will also affect the design optimization index ZP, thereby forming a closed-loop feedback mechanism to guide the design optimization process.

[0048] Optionally, the XP in the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit i =XP affter（i） -XP before（i） If the cumulative improvement of the structural performance evaluation index XP during the entire design process is evaluated, when all i-th iterations are calculated to improve the structural performance index XP i The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0049] ;

[0050] Among them, "......" represents the omitted (XP affter（3） -XP before（3） ) and (XP affter（D） -XP before（D） ) is substituted into the improvement index calculation for each iterative calculation.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] 1. This invention utilizes the three-dimensional design, visualization, and collaborative features of BIM technology to make the design process more intuitive and efficient, reduce design changes and errors, and improve the efficiency and quality of construction engineering design.

[0053] 2. The present invention realizes the quantitative evaluation of the structural performance, cost efficiency and design optimization of the design scheme through the overall structural performance evaluation unit, the design method economic evaluation unit and the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit, providing strong support for scientific decision-making.

[0054] 3. The present invention uses BIM technology to break the information island, realize information sharing and real-time collaboration among various disciplines, improve collaboration efficiency, and promote the purpose of information flow and collaboration.

[0055] 4. The present invention uses technical means such as collision inspection, performance evaluation and cost-efficiency analysis to discover and solve potential problems in advance, thereby reducing project risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 A flow chart of the method for BIM-based building engineering design method;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the BIM-based building engineering design method;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the evaluation and optimization design module of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the relationship between the structural performance evaluation index before and after iteration of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Regarding this BIM-based construction engineering design method, it is different from traditional building design. In the traditional building design process, information communication between various disciplines is not smooth. Although the introduction of BIM technology can alleviate this problem to a certain extent, the data formats between different BIM software may be incompatible. In actual operation, inaccuracies, incompleteness and inconsistencies are prone to occur during data collection, integration and management. In addition, traditional design methods lack quantitative evaluation tools in evaluating structural performance, cost efficiency and design optimization. In addition, traditional collaboration methods make it difficult to achieve real-time communication and information sharing, resulting in low collaboration efficiency. This algorithm unit uses the three-dimensional design, visualization and collaborative characteristics of BIM technology to make the design process more intuitive and efficient. It also realizes information sharing and real-time collaboration between various disciplines and quantitative evaluation of the structural performance, cost efficiency and design optimization of the design scheme, discovers and solves potential problems in advance, and reduces project risks.

[0062] For example 1, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 ,This implementation provides a BIM-based construction engineering design method, a BIM-based construction engineering design method;

[0063] Including data acquisition module, evaluation and optimization design module and iterative decision module;

[0064] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0065] Extract key data for building engineering design from BIM software through data acquisition module;

[0066] The evaluation and optimization design module calculates the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost-effectiveness ratio index CX. Based on the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost-effectiveness ratio index CX, design optimization is performed, including adjusting the structural size, material selection, and load distribution. Finally, the optimization potential and effect of the design scheme are evaluated. The evaluation and optimization design module includes an overall structural performance evaluation unit, a design method economic evaluation unit, and a comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit.

[0067] Through the iterative decision module, and taking into account the structural performance evaluation index XP, cost efficiency index CX and design optimization index ZP, repeated iterative optimization is carried out to output the final design decision;

[0068] The equipment used in the data acquisition module includes data conversion software, which is used for BIM data conversion and converting the data in the BIM model into other formats for processing;

[0069] The equipment used in the Evaluation and Optimization Design module includes cost estimation software and calculators.

[0070] In this embodiment, the BIM model provides a three-dimensional visualization effect, which helps designers, engineers and owners to better communicate and understand the design intent. At the same time, BIM supports multi-disciplinary collaborative design, improving design efficiency and quality. The BIM model integrates all relevant information of the construction project, including geometric information, attribute information, and construction information, and realizes centralized management and sharing of data, which helps to reduce information silos and duplication of work and improve the overall efficiency of project management. The BIM model supports various simulation analyses, such as structural analysis, energy consumption analysis, and construction simulation. Through simulation analysis, potential problems can be predicted and solved, design solutions can be optimized, and the economy and sustainability of the project can be improved. The BIM model is not only applicable to the design stage, but can also be extended to the entire life cycle stage of construction and operation and maintenance.

[0071] In this embodiment, the system, through the interaction of three algorithmic units, can effectively address the problems and shortcomings of existing technologies. By combining the results of the three calculations (XP, CX, and ZP), it achieves multiple beneficial effects: improving design efficiency and quality, enabling quantitative evaluation and scientific decision-making, promoting information flow and collaboration, and reducing project risks. XP is the structural performance evaluation index, which evaluates the structural performance of the design solution to ensure the safety, stability, and durability of the building under various external forces. CX is the cost-effectiveness ratio index, which evaluates the economic efficiency of the design solution. Specifically, it compares the relative relationship between the construction cost and performance of different design solutions, while meeting the structural performance requirements, aiming to find the most cost-effective design solution. ZP is the design optimization index, which provides designers with a comprehensive evaluation indicator to guide the continuous improvement and optimization of the design solution, ensuring that the economic efficiency of the project is maintained and improved while improving structural performance. The calculation results of ZP can also influence the calculation of XP and CX, resulting in a high degree of correlation and entanglement between the three algorithms of the system. This allows the overall algorithm system to provide automated feedback and optimization based on actual conditions, making it more realistic.

[0072] See also Figures 1 to 4 , the calculation formula of the overall structural performance evaluation unit is as follows:

[0073] ;

[0074] ;

[0075] in:

[0076] XP is the structural performance evaluation index;

[0077] J is the moment of inertia of the section;

[0078] JK is the section width, JG is the section height;

[0079] TM is the elastic modulus of the material;

[0080] G is the structure height;

[0081] H i is the load value at each point on the structure;

[0082] Z i is the vertical distance, Z i Specifically reflects the vertical distance from each load action point to the bottom of the structure;

[0083] H max is the maximum load index;

[0084] In addition, the section inertia moment J, material elastic modulus TM, structure height G, load value at each point on the structure H i , vertical distance Z i and maximum load index H max All are based on and obtained through BIM.

[0085] In this embodiment: First, in this algorithm unit, SPI comprehensively considers the elastic modulus TM of the structural material, the moment of inertia J of the section, and the performance of the structure under extreme loads, including the structural height G, the load value H at each point on the structure. i , vertical distance Zi and maximum load index H max , to quantitatively evaluate the structural performance of the design scheme, namely the structural performance evaluation index XP, where the section moment of inertia J is a geometric quantity that describes the section's ability to resist bending deformation. Its calculation formula depends on the specific shape of the section. For common cross-sectional shapes, including rectangles, circles, and I-shaped, there are corresponding mathematical formulas to calculate the moment of inertia. Taking the rectangular section as an example, this algorithm unit uses the calculation formula J=(JK*JG)3 / 12 to calculate the output section moment of inertia J. The denominator 12 in the calculation formula J=(JK*JG)3 / 12 is to ensure that the calculated moment of inertia is in the correct proportional relationship with the physical size of the rectangle. In physics and engineering, the moment of inertia is an important parameter to measure the section's ability to resist bending deformation. Its size is related to the shape and size of the section and the distribution of the material within the section.

[0086] Based on the SPI, this algorithm unit provides a quantitative metric to evaluate the structural performance of a design solution, allowing designers to intuitively understand the design's ability to resist external forces, including wind loads and seismic forces. Through SPI calculations, designers can identify weak links in the structure and optimize the design accordingly to improve the safety and reliability of the structure. SPI provides a scientific basis for project decision-making, helping project teams make the best choice among multiple design options.

[0087] See also Figures 1 to 4, the calculation formula of the economic evaluation unit of the design method is as follows:

[0088] ;

[0089] in:

[0090] CX is the cost efficiency ratio index;

[0091] ZG is the construction cost;

[0092] C diff is the construction difficulty coefficient;

[0093] In addition, the construction cost ZG and construction difficulty coefficient C diff They are also based on and obtained through BIM.

[0094] In this embodiment, first, ZG is the construction cost, including material cost and labor cost, C diff The construction difficulty coefficient is used to quantify the complexity and difficulty of the construction process in the BIM model. It is evaluated by multiple factors, including the number and type of components, connection methods and node complexity, space constraints and accessibility, and construction sequence and coordination. Specifically, the more components in the BIM model and the more complex their types, the greater the construction difficulty. The connection methods between components, including welding and bolted connections, and the complexity of nodes will also affect the construction difficulty. The space constraints and component accessibility of the construction site, including the difficulty of lifting and installation space, are also important factors in evaluating the construction difficulty. The construction sequence and coordination difficulty between different disciplines will also affect the overall construction difficulty.

[0095] This algorithm unit comprehensively considers the project's construction cost and performance, providing a quantitative indicator for the project's economic evaluation. By calculating the cost-efficiency ratio index CX, designers can evaluate the cost efficiency of different design solutions and select the lower-cost solution while meeting performance requirements. The cost-efficiency ratio index CX helps project teams make more reasonable decisions on resource allocation, thereby improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0096] See also Figures 1 to 4 , the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit is as follows:

[0097] ;

[0098] ;

[0099] in:

[0100] ZP is the design optimization index;

[0101] XP i is the improvement index of structural performance in the i-th iteration;

[0102] D is the total number of iterations, which represents the total number of times from the beginning of the construction project to the current stage;

[0103] XP initial is the initial structural performance evaluation index;

[0104] XP affter（i） XP is the structural performance evaluation index after iteration, before（i） is the structural performance evaluation index before iteration, and the structural performance evaluation index XP after iteration affter（i） and pre-iteration structural performance evaluation index XP before（i） They respectively reflect the last and the previous iteration result values ​​of the structural performance evaluation index XP.

[0105] In this embodiment, in this algorithm unit, first, D is the total number of iterations, which represents the number of BIM model design modifications from the beginning of the project to the current stage, that is, from the very beginning of the project iteration until the current evaluation moment, which includes adjustments and optimizations in terms of structural dimensions, material selection, and load distribution. XPi is the structural performance improvement index of the i-th iteration, which refers to the improvement amount of the structural performance evaluation index XP during the i-th design iteration. This improvement amount is calculated by comparing the structural performance evaluation index XP before and after the iteration. Specifically, it is necessary to first calculate the structural performance evaluation index XP before each iteration. before（i） and the structural performance evaluation index XP after iteration affter（i） , and then calculate the difference between the two, that is, the improvement index XP of the structural performance of the i-th iteration is obtained i ;

[0106] The design optimization index ZP output by this algorithm unit combines the advantages of the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost-efficiency ratio index CX, comprehensively evaluates the optimization effect of the design scheme, and provides a comprehensive quantitative indicator for design optimization. The design optimization index ZP encourages designers to make continuous improvements during the design process. Through multiple iterative optimizations, the comprehensive performance and economy of the design scheme are continuously improved to achieve the goal of continuous improvement. The introduction of the design optimization index ZP provides impetus for design innovation. Designers can improve the structural performance evaluation index XP and reduce the cost-efficiency ratio index CX through innovative design, thereby obtaining a higher design optimization index ZP.

[0107] See also Figures 1 to 4 The steps for outputting the design optimization index ZP in different situations based on the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit are as follows:

[0108] S1. Set a safety value for the design optimization index ZP;

[0109] S2. If the design optimization index ZP is lower than the safety value, it means that there is a large space for design optimization. The structural performance evaluation index XP and cost-effectiveness ratio index CX of the current design scheme are not ideal. The number of design iterations should be increased.

[0110] S3. If the design optimization index ZP is higher than the safety value, it means that the current design scheme has been relatively optimized, and the structural performance evaluation index XP and cost-effectiveness index CX are relatively ideal. We should continue to pay attention to market changes and technological progress so as to make fine-tuning and upgrades when necessary;

[0111] S4. If the design optimization index ZP is close to or equal to the safety value, it means that the design solution is within the acceptable range. According to the project requirements and resource conditions, the number of design iterations should be appropriately increased to carry out targeted optimization.

[0112] The improvement of the structural performance evaluation index XP will directly affect the calculation of the cost efficiency ratio index CX. Specifically, since the structural performance evaluation index XP is the numerator of the cost efficiency ratio index CX, if the structural performance evaluation index XP increases while the cost and other factors remain unchanged, the cost efficiency ratio index CX will also increase, indicating that the economic and technical feasibility of the project have been improved. Secondly, the improvement of the cost efficiency ratio index CX will directly affect the calculation of the design optimization index ZP. Specifically, since the cost efficiency ratio index CX is the multiplier factor of the design optimization index ZP, at the same time, the improvement rate of the structural performance evaluation index XP during the design iteration process will also affect the design optimization index ZP, thereby forming a closed-loop feedback mechanism to guide the design optimization process.

[0113] In this embodiment, the cyclical impact of the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit on the overall structural performance evaluation unit is mainly reflected in the design optimization process. Specifically, when the designer improves the structural performance evaluation index XP by adjusting the design scheme, including increasing the cross-sectional size of structural components and optimizing the structural layout, these adjustments often also affect the project's construction cost ZG and construction difficulty coefficient C. diff , which in turn affects the calculation results of the cost-effectiveness ratio index CX. The design optimization index ZP, as a comprehensive evaluation indicator of the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost-effectiveness ratio index CX, will reflect the comprehensive impact of these adjustments on the overall performance and economy of the design scheme. Therefore, by analyzing the high or low value of the design optimization index ZP result, it can be judged whether the design method needs to be optimized and further iterated;

[0114] If the improvement of the structural performance evaluation index XP leads to a significant increase in the cost efficiency ratio index CX, that is, a decrease in cost efficiency, then the value of the design optimization index ZP will not increase significantly, or may even decrease. In this case, the designer needs to re-examine the design plan and find an optimization strategy that can both improve the structural performance evaluation index XP and maintain a low cost efficiency ratio index CX. This cyclical effect prompts the designer to constantly balance the relationship between performance improvement and cost control during the design process, thereby achieving continuous optimization of the design plan.

[0115] In summary, in the specific implementation process, the cyclical influence of the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit on the overall structural performance evaluation unit helps designers maintain sensitivity to the balance between performance improvement and cost control during the design process, and promotes the continuous improvement and optimization of the design scheme.

[0116] For example 2, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , XP in Comprehensive Evaluation and Optimization Unit i =XP affter（i） -XP before（i） If the cumulative improvement of the structural performance evaluation index XP during the entire design process is evaluated, when all i-th iterations are calculated to improve the structural performance index XP i The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0117] ; Among them, "......" represents the omitted (XP affter（3） -XP before（3） ) and (XP affter（D） -XP before（D） ) is substituted into the improvement index calculation for each iterative calculation.

[0118] In this embodiment, first, it is necessary to determine how many iterations are performed during the design process, that is, to determine the total number of iterations D;

[0119] For each iteration i (i=1,2,…,D), before the iteration starts, the structural performance evaluation index XP needs to be calculated based on the current design scheme. This value is the structural performance evaluation index XPbefore(i) before iteration.

[0120] It is worth noting that for the first iteration (i=1), the pre-iteration structural performance evaluation index XP before（i） Usually the structural performance evaluation index XP is calculated based on the initial design scheme;

[0121] In each iteration, the design is modified and optimized to improve its structural performance and other aspects;

[0122] After the iteration is completed, the structural performance evaluation index XP is recalculated according to the modified design scheme. This value is the structural performance evaluation index XP after iteration. affter（i） ;

[0123] Finally, by calculating XP i =XP affter（i） -XP before（i） , output the difference, which reflects the improvement degree of the structural performance evaluation index XP in the i-th iteration;

[0124] In addition, if it is necessary to evaluate the cumulative improvement of the structural performance evaluation index XP during the entire design process, the improvement index XP of the structural performance of all i-th iterations can be calculated. i The sum, that is, through , To calculate the output, please note that due to XP before（i） +1 It's usually based on XP affter（i） The starting point for the next iteration, so in actual application, the calculation of the cumulative structural performance evaluation index XP improvement will be slightly different, but the basic principle is the same;

[0125] In the BIM-based building engineering design method, the structural performance improvement index XP is tracked and calculated by each iteration i i , designers can quantitatively evaluate the overall improvement of design optimization and adjust the design strategy accordingly to achieve better design performance and economy.

[0126] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A BIM-based construction engineering design method, characterized in that: BIM-based architectural engineering design method; Including data acquisition module, evaluation and optimization design module and iterative decision module; The specific implementation steps are as follows: Extract key data for building engineering design from BIM software using data acquisition module; The evaluation and optimization design module is used to calculate the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost-effectiveness ratio index CX. Based on the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost-effectiveness ratio index CX, design optimization is performed, including adjusting the structural size, material selection, and load distribution. Finally, the optimization potential and effect of the design scheme are evaluated. The evaluation and optimization design module includes an overall structural performance evaluation unit, a design method economic evaluation unit and a comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit; Using the iterative decision-making module and comprehensively considering the structural performance evaluation index XP, cost efficiency index CX and design optimization index ZP, multiple iterative optimizations are performed to output the final design decision; The calculation formula of the overall structural performance evaluation unit is as follows: ； ； in: XP is the structural performance evaluation index; J is the moment of inertia of the section; JK is the section width, JG is the section height; TM is the elastic modulus of the material; G is the structure height; H i is the load value at each point on the structure; Z i is the vertical distance, Z i Specifically reflects the vertical distance from each load action point to the bottom of the structure; H max is the maximum load index; In addition, the section inertia moment J, material elastic modulus TM, structure height G, load value at each point on the structure H i , vertical distance Z i and maximum load index H max All are based on and derived through BIM; The calculation formula of the economic evaluation unit of the design method is as follows: in: CX is the cost efficiency ratio index; ZG is the construction cost; C diff is the construction difficulty coefficient; In addition, the construction cost ZG and construction difficulty coefficient C diff All obtained through BIM; The calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit is as follows: ； XPi=XPaffter(i)-XPbefore(i); in: ZP is the design optimization index; XP i is the improvement index of structural performance in the i-th iteration; D is the total number of iterations, which represents the total number of times from the beginning of the construction project to the current stage; XP initial is the initial structural performance evaluation index; XP affter（i） XP is the structural performance evaluation index after iteration, before（i） is the structural performance evaluation index before iteration, and the structural performance evaluation index XP after iteration affter（i） and pre-iteration structural performance evaluation index XP before（i） They respectively reflect the last and the previous iteration result values ​​of the structural performance evaluation index XP.

2. A BIM-based construction engineering design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment used in the data acquisition module includes data conversion software for BIM data conversion and converting the data in the BIM model into other formats for processing; The equipment used in the evaluation and optimization design module includes cost estimation software and calculators.

3. The BIM-based construction engineering design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for outputting the result values ​​of the design optimization index ZP in different situations based on the output of the comprehensive evaluation and optimization unit are as follows: S1. Set a safety value for the design optimization index ZP; S2. If the design optimization index ZP is lower than the safety value, it means that there is a large space for design optimization. The structural performance evaluation index XP and cost-effectiveness ratio index CX of the current design scheme are not ideal. The number of design iterations should be increased. S3. If the design optimization index ZP is higher than the safety value, it means that the current design scheme has been optimized, the structural performance evaluation index XP and the cost-effectiveness ratio index CX are ideal, and we should continue to pay attention to market changes and technological progress; S4. If the design optimization index ZP is equal to the safety value, it means that the design solution is within an acceptable range. According to project requirements and resource conditions, the number of design iterations should be increased and targeted optimization should be carried out.

4. The BIM-based construction engineering design method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The improvement of the structural performance evaluation index XP directly affects the calculation of the cost efficiency ratio index CX, since the structural performance evaluation index XP is the numerator of the cost efficiency ratio index CX; If the structural performance evaluation index XP increases while the cost and other factors remain unchanged, the cost efficiency ratio index CX will also increase, indicating that the economic and technical feasibility of the project have been improved; The improvement of the cost efficiency ratio index CX directly affects the calculation of the design optimization index ZP; Since the cost-effectiveness ratio index CX is a multiplier factor of the design optimization index ZP, and the improvement rate of the structural performance evaluation index XP during the design iteration process also affects the design optimization index ZP, a closed-loop feedback mechanism is formed to guide the design optimization process.

5. The BIM-based construction engineering design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The i-th iteration improves the structural performance index XP i， When used to evaluate the cumulative improvement of the structural performance evaluation index XP throughout the design process, the specific calculation formula is as follows: ; Among them, "......" represents the omitted (XP affter（3） -XP before（3） ) and (XP affter（D） -XP before（D） ) is substituted into the improvement index of each iteration; The cumulative improvement is calculated to quantify the overall improvement in structural performance during the building design process.

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