Ore mining loss and dilution calculation method based on three-dimensional block model

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ore extraction, and relates to an ore extraction loss and dilution calculation method based on a three-dimensional block model, a stope file is established by adopting a three-dimensional model, and the data management level of a mine extraction technology is improved. The three-dimensional model comprises a stope goaf model, an ore body model, a grade model (block model), a loss model, a dilution model and the like, the three-dimensional block model is adopted to calculate ore mining dilution and loss, and the model can directly calculate and report related parameters such as volume, average grade, waste rock quantity, ore quantity and the like. And the reduction degree and dilution loss calculation precision of the mining site are greatly improved. The mining dilution loss reason can be visually analyzed conveniently, the mining design is optimized, and the mining technical level and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ore mining, and in particular to a method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model. Background Art

[0002] Mining production practice has proved that the dilution rate and loss rate of mined ore are important economic and technical indicators for measuring the mining level, indicating the utilization of underground resources and the quality of mined ore. Only by accurately calculating the mining dilution rate and loss rate can we objectively reflect the dilution and loss of mined ore, formulate effective measures, continuously reduce mining dilution and loss, help the rational exploitation of limited and precious underground resources, reduce mining and selection costs, and improve production efficiency.

[0003] According to Mining Geology (Hou Deyi, Li Zhide), mining depletion and loss calculation methods are divided into direct method and indirect method. The direct method is used by geological surveyors to enter the mining site and directly measure the amount of ore mined or lost, and other calculation parameters. It is widely used in mining production. In the direct method, the basic calculation formula for ore depletion rate and loss rate is:

[0004] Waste rock mixing rate (γ):

[0005] Ore depletion rate (P):

[0006] Ore loss rate (φ):

[0007] In the formula: P—ore depletion rate, %; C—average grade of industrial ore, %; C0—average grade of mined or released ore. %; γ—waste rock mixing rate, %; Y—amount of waste rock mixed in mined or released ore, t; Q0—amount of mined or released ore (the sum of industrial ore and waste rock), also known as the total amount of mining, t. Φ—ore loss rate, %; q—loss ore, t; Q—industrial ore reserves, t.

[0008] In the process of calculating the ore depletion rate and loss rate, the ore and rock quantity parameters such as the amount of ore mined or lost, the amount of mixed waste rock, etc. can be obtained by using the parallel section method or the mining block method for calculating reserves. If it is a stope using the horizontal layer filling method, the ore body (or rock) area S1 and S2 can be measured in each layer; the average layer height is calculated as h; the average weight of the ore (rock) is D; if the volume can be calculated using the trapezoidal formula, the calculation formula for the parameter Q0 of the ore (rock) quantity is:

[0009] If it is a steeply inclined ore vein or a gently inclined layered or quasi-layered ore body, the area S of the ore (rock) body and the average thickness M of the ore (rock) can be measured on the projection map of the stope. The basic calculation formula for the ore (rock) quantity Q0 parameter is: Q0 = S·M·D

[0010] The corresponding average grade parameters of ore (rock) are calculated (arithmetic or weighted average) from production sampling data.

[0011] The above ore depletion and loss calculation methods are the main calculation methods at present. They are widely used because of their simple calculation. However, it is found in the production practice that in some mines with complex geological environments, the core calculation parameter in this method, the ore (rock) volume, sometimes does not match the actual situation at the mining site. Research and analysis have found that when the ore body is complex in shape, such as the reverse tilt of the ore body between adjacent horizontal layers; when the surrounding rock of the mining site is poorly stable, local loose collapse occurs. The direct method uses the parallel section method or the mining block method to obtain the ore (rock) volume, which is quite different from the actual mining. As we all know, most geological bodies in nature are irregular three-dimensional entities. The volume calculated using the ore (rock) area enclosed by two-dimensional maps and the average layer height (or thickness) is inevitably inaccurate and cannot objectively and truly reflect the mining technology level and the quality of the mined ore.

[0012] With the development of the times and the advancement of science and technology, three-dimensional geological modeling and goaf scanners have been widely used. Through goaf scanners, a true three-dimensional goaf model of the mining site can be obtained; through geological refinement modeling, a geological body (ore body) model with a higher degree of restoration can be obtained. The three-dimensional model can directly report volume parameters, which is more realistic and accurate. Using ore body models and goaf models for Boolean operations (intersection, union, difference) can intuitively reflect the specific location, shape and volume size of mining depletion and loss, realize the transformation of ore depletion and loss calculation from traditional two-dimensional mode to three-dimensional model, and effectively improve the accuracy of ore depletion and loss calculation. Summary of the invention

[0013] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating ore mining loss and depletion based on a three-dimensional block model, to improve the accuracy of ore mining loss and depletion calculation, to objectively reflect the actual mining situation, to evaluate the mining technology level, to optimize the ore mining process, to reduce mining and dressing costs, and to improve production efficiency.

[0014] To achieve the above purpose, the specific technical scheme of the method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model of the present invention is as follows:

[0015] The method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1: Data collection: basic drawings and data preparation;

[0017] S2: Model establishment: physical model establishment;

[0018] S3: Assignment: block model assignment;

[0019] S4: Loss calculation: 3D model depletion loss calculation;

[0020] S5: Correction of results and cause analysis: Correction of depletion and loss calculation results and cause analysis.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S1, basic drawings and data are prepared. After the mining is completed and the ore in the mine is confirmed to be completely removed, the surveying technicians use the CMS airspace scanner to scan the three-dimensional space inside the mine to generate a point cloud map for backup. The geological technicians collect and organize the relevant verification and control sampling data of the mine and enter them into the geological sample database. The original cataloged data of the drilling and shaft engineering related to the mine are integrated to perform geological interpretation, and the ore and rock boundaries of the mine are re-delineated to ensure compliance with the geological laws of the ore deposit and the actual situation on site, and the above map is updated.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S2, the entity model is established. Based on the point cloud map measured by the CMS goaf scanner, the model packaging software is imported to generate a three-dimensional model of the goaf. The goaf is mined in two steps, and the scans and packaging should be done separately. The goaf is merged after the entire goaf is mined, so as to facilitate the subsequent use of the three-dimensional model to calculate the ore depletion and loss of the goaf. The goaf ore body entity model is established according to the latest geological maps and the borehole (tunnel) sample database. The establishment of this model should fully consider the ore body occurrence information revealed in the latest original geological catalog of the goaf shaft and tunnel engineering, and carry out refined modeling, striving to restore the true shape of the ore body as much as possible, laying the foundation for the subsequent three-dimensional model Boolean operation. This step is also a guarantee for the accuracy of ore depletion and loss calculation.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S3, the block model is assigned, and the block model is established based on the geological database data constrained by the entity model. In order to facilitate the subsequent calculation of dilution loss using the three-dimensional model, the block size of the block model should be set considering the combined sample length, goaf shape, ore body shape and mining unit size. If necessary, a secondary block can be set to fit the ore body and goaf shape to improve the calculation accuracy of dilution loss. The block model assignment is to assign values ​​to the established attributes. Commonly used methods include the inverse distance power method, ordinary kriging method, direct assignment and other methods. This technical solution uses the inverse distance power method to estimate the grade of the ore body in the block model, and the ore (rock) weight is directly assigned.

[0024] Further, the three-dimensional model depletion loss calculation of step S4 is to calculate the waste rock mixing rate. The block model constrained by the goaf model of the mine reports the sum of the mined industrial ore and waste rock, that is, the total excavation volume Q0; the mined waste rock model is subtracted from the goaf model of the mine (Boolean operation is used for difference set) to obtain the mined waste rock model, and the mined waste rock model constrains the block model to report the mined waste rock volume Y; ore depletion rate. The block model constrained by the mine ore body model reports the average grade C of the industrial ore in the mine; the block model constrained by the goaf model of the mine reports the average grade C0 of the industrial ore and waste rock in the mine; ore loss rate. The unmined ore model is subtracted from the goaf model of the mine ore body model (Boolean operation is used for difference set) to obtain the unmined ore model, and the unmined ore model constrains the block model to report the lost ore volume q; the mine ore body model constrains the block model to report the industrial ore reserves Q of the mine.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S5, the calculation results of depletion and loss are corrected and the causes are analyzed. During the mining process, the calculation results of ore depletion and loss should also be analyzed based on the actual on-site conditions of the completed mining site, and the calculation results should be corrected.

[0026] Furthermore, the analysis of the reasons and correction of the calculation results based on the actual situation on site include that when the lost ore volume of the unmined ore in the mine contains the recoverable ore volume, it should be eliminated in the block model constraint, not included in the lost ore volume q, and not included in the calculation report of the ore loss rate; when the stability of the surrounding rock of the mine is poor, due to safety factors, the mined ore is left in the mine and cannot be transported out, that is, the mined ore contains the amount of ore with holes, it should be measured on site and included in the lost ore volume q, and participate in the calculation report of the ore loss rate; when the mine contains waste rock with holes, it should be measured on site and eliminated from the mined waste rock volume, not included in the mined waste rock volume Y, and not included in the calculation report of the waste rock mixing rate. Finally, the relevant materials such as drawings, data, models and results reports used in the depletion and loss calculation process are sorted and summarized to form a mine file for reference.

[0027] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0028] The calculation accuracy of the method of the present invention. Compared with the calculation method of obtaining the area of ​​ore depletion and loss volume on a two-dimensional map and then applying the volume formula, the calculation method of the three-dimensional model has obvious advantages in actual restoration degree and calculation accuracy. It makes full use of the original cataloging data of the mine and tunnel engineering geology to carry out refined modeling, restore the real form of the on-site goaf and ore body, and avoids the problem of large deviation between the traditional calculation results and the actual on-site due to the changes in the geological boundaries between the stratification or sections of the mining field, the irregular goaf morphology, etc., especially in the calculation of mining field depletion loss in complex ore bodies or goafs, the calculation method of the three-dimensional model is more objective and accurate; ore depletion and loss control management. During the mining process, the mining design and actual mining progress are compared and analyzed in three dimensions. The relevant design parameters of the mining site are adjusted in time according to the differences, and reasonable dynamic optimization is carried out to achieve the purpose of reducing the depletion rate and loss rate indicators, improving the ore grade, and improving the economic benefits of mining. After the mining is completed, the three-dimensional model can intuitively display the location, shape and size of mining depletion and loss, which is convenient for analyzing the causes of ore mining depletion and loss, summarizing experience, proposing targeted measures to reduce depletion and loss, and making full use of underground resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The steps of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a point cloud map of the empty area of ​​the stope of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a stope geological sample database diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 The stope goaf model of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a stope ore body model diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a stope block model diagram of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is the stope grade model diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a model diagram of the mined waste rock of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 This is a model diagram of the grade of the mined ore and rock of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 This is a model diagram of unmined ore of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.11 A modeling diagram of a three-dimensional block model of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] The calculation of ore depletion and loss should be carried out in stages, phases, design and reality, and according to mining units. In underground mining, it is required to calculate and count according to different mining methods, ore bodies, mine rooms and pillars. Generally, the ore block (stope) is taken as the basic unit, and the calculation starts from each blasting layer, and then the mining area, middle section, pit mouth (mine field) and the whole mining area are integrated, and finally the total depletion and total loss of the whole mining area are obtained.

[0043] Based on the principle of practicality and effectiveness, the technical solution of the present invention is explained with respect to the calculation process of ore depletion and loss after the completion of a representative stope (basic unit).

[0044] In recent years, with the development of digital mining technology, various three-dimensional mining software has been promoted and applied. At present, the representative software at home and abroad include: Surpac, Micromine, Dimine, 3DMine and other software. Although the operation methods of each software are different, their internal operating mechanisms and technical principles are similar. The technical solution of the present invention is explained based on 3DMine software.

[0045] like Figure 1-11 As shown, the method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model is characterized by comprising the following steps;

[0046] S1: Data collection: basic drawings and data preparation;

[0047] After the mining is completed and all the ore in the mine is confirmed to be gone, the surveying technicians use the CMS airspace scanner to scan the three-dimensional space inside the mine and generate a point cloud map for backup.

[0048] Geological professionals collected and collated relevant verification and control sampling data of the mine and entered them into the geological sample database. They integrated the original cataloged data of the mine-related drilling and shaft engineering, conducted geological interpretation, and re-delineated the boundaries of the mine's ore and rock to ensure compliance with the geological laws of the ore deposit and the actual situation on site, and updated the above map.

[0049] S2: Model establishment: entity model establishment;

[0050] The step S2 solid model is established, based on the point cloud map measured by the CMS goaf scanner, the model packaging software is imported to generate a three-dimensional model of the goaf. The goaf is mined in two steps, and should be scanned and packaged separately, and merged after the entire goaf is mined, so as to facilitate the subsequent use of the three-dimensional model to calculate the ore depletion and loss of the goaf. The goaf ore body solid model is established according to the latest geological maps and drill hole (tunnel) sample database. The establishment of this model should fully consider the ore body occurrence information revealed in the latest original geological catalog of the goaf shaft and tunnel engineering, and carry out refined modeling, striving to restore the true shape of the ore body as much as possible, laying the foundation for the subsequent three-dimensional model Boolean operation. This step is also a guarantee of the accuracy of ore depletion and loss calculation.

[0051] S3: Assignment: block model assignment;

[0052] The block model assignment in step S3 is to establish a block model based on the geological database data constrained by the entity model. In order to facilitate the subsequent calculation of dilution loss using the three-dimensional model, the block size of the block model should be set considering the combined sample length, goaf shape, ore body shape and mining unit size. If necessary, a secondary block can be set to fit the ore body and goaf shape to improve the calculation accuracy of dilution loss. The block model assignment is to assign values ​​to the established attributes. Commonly used methods include the inverse distance power method, ordinary kriging method, direct assignment and other methods. This technical solution uses the inverse distance power method to estimate the grade of the ore body in the block model, and the ore (rock) weight is directly assigned.

[0053] S4: Loss calculation: 3D model depletion loss calculation;

[0054] The step S4 calculates the depletion loss of the three-dimensional model and the waste rock mixing rate. The block model constrains the report of the sum of the industrial ore and waste rock mined, that is, the total amount of mining Q0; the mined waste rock model is obtained by subtracting the ore body model from the mined waste rock model (Boolean operation for difference set), and the waste rock model constrains the block model to report the amount of waste rock mined Y. Waste rock mixing rate (γ):

[0055] Ore depletion rate. The block model constrained by the mine ore body model reports the average grade C of the industrial ore in the mine; the block model constrained by the mine goaf model reports the average grade C0 of the industrial ore and waste rock in the mine, and the ore depletion rate (P):

[0056] Ore loss rate. Use the mine ore body model to subtract the goaf model (Boolean operation for difference set) to obtain the unmined ore model. The unmined ore model constrains the block model to report the lost ore volume q; the mine ore body model constrains the block model to report the industrial ore reserves Q of the mine, and the ore loss rate (φ):

[0057]

[0058] S5: Correction of results and cause analysis: Correction of depletion and loss calculation results and cause analysis.

[0059] The correction and cause analysis of the calculation results of depletion and loss in step S5, during the mining process, the calculation results of ore mining depletion and loss should also be analyzed according to the actual situation on site of the finished mining site, and the calculation results should be corrected. The analysis of the causes of the actual situation on site and the correction of the calculation results include that when the loss of ore that has not been mined in the mining site contains the recoverable ore, it should be eliminated in the block model constraint, not included in the loss ore amount q, and not included in the calculation report of the ore loss rate; when the stability of the mining site surrounding rock is poor, due to safety factors, the mined ore is left in the mining site and cannot be transported out, that is, the mined ore contains the amount of ore with holes, it should be measured on site and included in the loss ore amount q, and participate in the calculation report of the ore loss rate; when the mining site contains waste rock with holes, it should be measured on site and eliminated from the mined waste rock, not included in the mined waste rock amount Y, and not included in the calculation report of the waste rock mixing rate. Finally, the drawings, data, models, and results reports used in the calculation process of dilution and loss are compiled and summarized to form a mine file for reference. A three-dimensional model is used to establish a mine file to improve the management level of mining technology data. The three-dimensional model includes the mine goaf model, ore body model, grade model (block model), loss model, dilution model, etc. The three-dimensional block model is used to calculate the dilution and loss of ore mining. The model can directly calculate and report related parameters such as volume, average grade, waste rock volume and ore volume, etc. The reduction degree of the mining site and the calculation accuracy of dilution loss are greatly improved. It is convenient to intuitively analyze the causes of mining dilution losses, optimize mining design, and improve the mining technology level and economic benefits.

[0060] It is to be understood that the present invention is described by some embodiments, and it is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating ore mining losses and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Data collection: basic drawings and data preparation; S2: Model establishment: physical model establishment; S3: Assignment: block model assignment; S4: Loss calculation: 3D model depletion loss calculation; S5: Correction of results and cause analysis: Correction of depletion and loss calculation results and cause analysis.

2. The method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 is to prepare basic drawings and data. After the mining is completed and the ore in the mine is confirmed to be completely removed, the surveying professional and technical personnel use the CMS airspace scanner to scan the three-dimensional space inside the mine to generate a point cloud map for backup. The geological professional and technical personnel collect and organize the relevant verification and control sampling data of the mine and enter them into the geological sample database; the original cataloging data of the drilling and shaft engineering related to the mine are integrated to perform geological interpretation, and the mine rock boundary is re-delineated to ensure that it complies with the geological laws of the ore deposit and the actual situation on site, and the above map is updated.

3. The method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 solid model is established, based on the point cloud map measured by the CMS goaf scanner, the model packaging software is imported to generate a three-dimensional model of the goaf. The goaf is mined in two steps, and should be scanned and packaged separately, and merged after the entire goaf is mined, so as to facilitate the subsequent use of the three-dimensional model to calculate the ore depletion and loss of the goaf. The goaf ore body solid model is established according to the latest geological maps and drill hole (tunnel) sample database. The establishment of this model should fully consider the ore body occurrence information revealed in the latest original geological catalog of the goaf shaft and tunnel engineering, and carry out refined modeling, striving to restore the true shape of the ore body as much as possible, laying the foundation for the subsequent three-dimensional model Boolean operation. This step is also a guarantee of the accuracy of ore depletion and loss calculation.

4. The method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The block model assignment in step S3 is to establish a block model based on the geological database data constrained by the entity model. In order to facilitate the subsequent calculation of dilution loss using the three-dimensional model, the block size of the block model should be set considering the combined sample length, goaf shape, ore body shape and mining unit size. If necessary, a secondary block can be set to fit the ore body and goaf shape to improve the calculation accuracy of dilution loss. The block model assignment is to assign values ​​to the established attributes. Commonly used methods include the inverse distance power method, ordinary kriging method, direct assignment and other methods. This technical solution uses the inverse distance power method to estimate the grade of the ore body in the block model, and the ore (rock) weight is directly assigned.

5. The method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional model depletion loss calculation of step S4 and the waste rock mixing rate. The block model constrained by the goaf model of the mine reports the sum of the mined industrial ore and waste rock, that is, the total excavation volume Q0; the mined waste rock model is subtracted from the goaf model of the mine (Boolean operation for difference set) to obtain the mined waste rock model, and the mined waste rock model constrains the block model to report the mined waste rock volume Y; ore depletion rate. The block model constrained by the mine ore body model reports the average grade C of the industrial ore in the mine; the block model constrained by the goaf model of the mine reports the average grade C0 of the industrial ore and waste rock in the mine; ore loss rate. The unmined ore model is subtracted from the goaf model of the mine ore body model (Boolean operation for difference set) to obtain the unmined ore model, and the unmined ore model constrains the block model to report the lost ore volume q; the mine ore body model constrains the block model to report the industrial ore reserves Q of the mine.

6. The method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 is to correct the calculation results of depletion and loss and analyze the causes. During the mining process, the calculation results of ore mining depletion and loss should also be analyzed based on the actual on-site conditions of the completed mining site, and the calculation results should be corrected.

7. The method for calculating ore mining loss and dilution based on a three-dimensional block model according to claim 6, characterized in that: The analysis of the reasons and correction of the calculation results based on the actual situation on site include that when the lost ore volume of the unmined ore in the mine contains the recoverable ore volume, it should be eliminated in the block model constraint, not included in the lost ore volume q, and not included in the calculation report of the ore loss rate; when the stability of the surrounding rock of the mine is poor, due to safety factors, the mined ore is left in the mine and cannot be transported out, that is, the mined ore contains the amount of ore with holes, it should be measured on site and included in the lost ore volume q, and participate in the calculation report of the ore loss rate; when the mine contains waste rock with holes, it should be measured on site and eliminated from the mined waste rock volume, not included in the mined waste rock volume Y, and not included in the calculation report of the waste rock mixing rate. Finally, the relevant materials such as drawings, data, models and results reports used in the depletion and loss calculation process are sorted and summarized to form a mine file for reference.

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