Water conservancy and hydropower informatization intelligent operation and maintenance system

Abstract

The invention discloses a water conservancy and hydropower informatization intelligent operation and maintenance system, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower operation and maintenance. The data processing module receives data of the data acquisition module and processes the received data, the model training and prediction module predicts a future pipeline corrosion trend, the strategy making module makes a maintenance strategy according to a prediction result of the pipeline corrosion trend, and the remote control module displays the result and allows operation and maintenance personnel to remotely monitor a system state. By comprehensively considering water quality components, flow velocity, temperature and properties of steel, the system can more accurately simulate and predict the corrosion condition of the pipeline in an actual operation environment, the comprehensive analysis method is more comprehensive and accurate, accurate corrosion rate prediction can help operation and maintenance personnel to make a scientific and reasonable maintenance plan, and the maintenance efficiency is improved. Therefore, the service life of the pipeline is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to water conservancy and hydropower operation and maintenance, and in particular to a water conservancy and hydropower information-based intelligent operation and maintenance system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, the field of water conservancy and hydropower project management is undergoing profound changes. The traditional water conservancy and hydropower operation and maintenance methods rely on manual inspection and experience judgment, which has problems such as low efficiency, delayed data collection and processing, and lack of predictive maintenance mechanism. As an important component of it, the pipeline system is facing increasingly severe corrosion problems. Traditional manual inspections and simple anti-corrosion measures can no longer meet the needs of modern water conservancy and hydropower projects for safe, efficient and intelligent management.

[0003] At present, the traditional operation and maintenance methods have the following problems: 1. It is difficult to continuously monitor the corrosion conditions of the inner and outer surfaces of the pipeline, and potential problems cannot be discovered in time; 2. The internal conditions of the pipeline are complicated, and it is difficult to simulate and predict the corrosion conditions of the pipeline in the actual operating environment. Operation and maintenance personnel cannot formulate a more scientific and reasonable maintenance plan; 3. The measures to reduce the corrosion rate are too simple, and manual intervention is required to improve water quality or control flow, which is difficult to achieve intelligence, and the safety and reliability of the operation and maintenance system are poor.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an intelligent operation and maintenance system for water conservancy and hydropower informationization to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent operation and maintenance system for water conservancy and hydropower informationization, which solves the problems that traditional operation and maintenance methods are difficult to continuously monitor the corrosion conditions of the inner and outer surfaces of pipelines, cannot discover potential problems in time, are difficult to simulate and predict the corrosion conditions of pipelines in actual operating environments, cannot formulate more scientific and reasonable maintenance plans, and have too few measures to reduce the corrosion rate. At the same time, manual intervention is required to improve water quality or control flow, making it difficult to achieve intelligence.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system, the operation and maintenance system comprising:

[0010] Data acquisition module: Using ultrasonic technology, the corrosion condition inside the pipeline is determined by sending ultrasonic waves and receiving reflected signals. Various types of sensors are installed to collect the water flow velocity, water temperature, water quality components and pH value inside the pipeline, and record the properties of steel. The data collected by the sensors are transmitted to the data processing module in real time.

[0011] Data processing module: receives data from the data acquisition module and cleans, integrates and standardizes the received data for subsequent analysis, extracts key features from the processed data, and stores them;

[0012] Model training and prediction module: Use machine learning algorithms (such as linear regression) to train models to predict future pipeline corrosion trends;

[0013] Strategy formulation module: formulate maintenance strategies based on the corrosion trend prediction results of pipelines;

[0014] Remote control module: displays analysis results and maintenance data, allowing operation and maintenance personnel to remotely monitor system status through mobile devices or computers, perform power on / off and parameter adjustment operations, and achieve rapid response and handling of emergencies.

[0015] Optionally, the data acquisition module includes an ultrasonic monitoring system, and the ultrasonic monitoring system includes an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver, a signal processing unit, and a data analysis unit;

[0016] The ultrasonic probe is an immersion probe;

[0017] The ultrasonic transmitter is used to generate high-frequency ultrasonic pulses. The pulses pass through the pipe wall and enter the water. After propagating in the water, part of the ultrasonic waves are reflected back on the other side of the pipe wall and received by the ultrasonic receiver.

[0018] The ultrasonic receiver is used to receive high-frequency ultrasonic pulses generated by the ultrasonic transmitter;

[0019] The signal processing unit: the received signal contains multiple echoes, including echoes reflected directly from the pipe wall and echoes reflected from the corrosion interface, uses signal processing technology to separate the echoes and extract information;

[0020] The data analysis unit calculates the thickness of the pipe wall and the thickness of the corrosion layer according to the time delay and amplitude change of the echo.

[0021] Optionally, the various types of sensors in the data acquisition module include an electromagnetic flow meter, an NTC thermistor, an online water quality monitor, and a pH meter;

[0022] The electromagnetic flow meter uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to measure flow rate, is suitable for occasions with high requirements for flow rate accuracy, and is not affected by solid particles in the water; the NTC thermistor is used to monitor water temperature, and the thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistor; the online water quality monitor uses sensor technology to monitor various indicators in the water body in real time, including sulfide and chloride, and the pH meter is used to monitor the pH value in the water.

[0023] Optionally, the data processing module includes a communication protocol unit, an encryption unit, a data cleaning unit, a data integration unit, a data integration unit, a data standardization unit, a database management unit, and a data backup unit;

[0024] The communication protocol unit: adopts Modbus communication protocol to receive data from the data acquisition module to ensure reliable data transmission;

[0025] The encryption unit: encrypts the transmitted data to ensure the security of the data during transmission, implements access control strategies, and prevents unauthorized access;

[0026] The data cleaning unit: removes duplicate data, corrects erroneous data and fills missing values ​​to improve data quality, and uses mean filling method or interpolation method to process missing values;

[0027] The data integration unit: integrates data from different sources to form a consistent data format to facilitate subsequent analysis, involving the application of data warehouse technology;

[0028] The data standardization unit: uses minimum-maximum standardization and Z-score standardization to convert data into a unified scale or range to eliminate the influence of different dimensions;

[0029] The database management unit selects PostgreSQL database to manage and store processed data;

[0030] The data backup unit backs up data regularly to prevent data loss.

[0031] Optionally, the model training and prediction module includes a data collection unit, a feature selection unit, a model construction unit, a model training and evaluation unit, and a model application unit;

[0032] The data collection unit collects the pipeline corrosion data processed in the data processing module, as well as water quality components, water flow velocity, water temperature, pH value and steel properties;

[0033] The feature selection unit selects features of pipeline corrosion as independent variables and dependent variables;

[0034] The model building unit: uses a multiple linear regression model to establish a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable (pipeline corrosion rate or corrosion depth);

[0035] The model training and evaluation unit: trains the model using the collected data, estimates the regression coefficient by minimizing the error term, uses a cross-validation method to evaluate the prediction performance of the model, and adjusts feature selection and model parameters if the model performance is poor;

[0036] The model application unit applies the trained and evaluated model to an actual scenario, inputs new water quality components, water flow velocity, water temperature, pH value and steel property data, and predicts the pipeline corrosion rate.

[0037] Optionally, the strategy formulation module includes a water quality optimization system, and the water quality optimization system includes a data acquisition unit, a standard determination unit, a processing volume calculation unit, a decision support unit and an execution control unit;

[0038] The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the water quality components after being processed in the data processing module. The water quality components are sulfide concentration S (mg / L) and chloride concentration C Cl (mg / L);

[0039] The standard determination unit: defines the emission standards of sulfide concentration and chloride concentration as S std (mg / L) and C Cl，std (mg / L);

[0040] The processing volume calculation unit calculates the amount of sulfide and chloride that needs to be reduced per unit time according to the content and standard of water quality components;

[0041] The decision support unit: uses machine learning technology to conduct in-depth analysis of data, establishes an optimization model, and calculates the amount of chemical reagents required to treat sulfides and chlorides per unit time;

[0042] The execution control unit controls the operation of the delivery or treatment equipment according to the output results of the decision support module, automatically adds chemical reagents, causes the sulfide to react with the reagents to generate water-insoluble precipitates, and then removes them by sedimentation or filtration.

[0043] Optionally, the strategy formulation module includes a cathodic protection system, which uses a sacrificial anode method or an impressed current method to turn the pipeline metal into a cathode, thereby slowing down the corrosion rate. The cathodic protection system includes a potential evaluation unit, an impressed current adjustment unit, and an anode consumption monitoring unit;

[0044] The potential evaluation unit measures the potential regularly, using a potential measuring instrument to measure the potential of the protected pipeline regularly (such as weekly or monthly) to ensure that it is within the protection potential range. In the cathodic protection system, for metal pipelines buried in natural water and soil, the minimum protection potential is determined to be -0.85V (relative to Cu / CuSO 4 electrode), by measuring the pipeline to ground potential (such as using Cu / CuSO 4 electrode), if the potential is lower than -0.85V (relative to Cu / CuSO 4 If the potential is too high, it may cause over-protection and the impressed current needs to be reduced;

[0045] The external current regulating unit: regularly monitors the potential of the reference electrode to ensure that it is stable between -0.85V and -1.10V, and adjusts the protection parameters in time to adapt to environmental changes;

[0046] The anode consumption monitoring unit monitors the consumption of the sacrificial anode to determine whether the cathodic protection effect is stable. When the sacrificial anode is consumed to a certain extent, its output current will drop significantly and cannot provide sufficient protection current. The weight and size of the sacrificial anode are checked regularly. When the anode weight is reduced to 60% of the initial weight, the data is sent to the remote control module to notify the operator to replace the sacrificial anode.

[0047] Optionally, the strategy formulation module includes a water flow velocity control system. When formulating a maintenance strategy based on the corrosion rate, controlling the water flow velocity is an important aspect. The water flow velocity control system includes a flow velocity collection unit, a flow velocity decision unit, and a flow velocity regulation unit.

[0048] The flow rate collection unit is used to obtain the water flow rate in the pipeline after being processed by the data processing module;

[0049] The flow rate decision unit calculates the relationship between the corrosion rate and the flow rate to control the water flow rate within an optimal range;

[0050] The flow rate regulating unit transmits the data signal to the control system of the water pump, and the control system adjusts the operating parameters of the water pump.

[0051] Optionally, the remote control module includes a user interface unit, an identity authentication unit, a network protocol unit, a data encryption unit, an application server and a database;

[0052] The user interface unit provides a user interface to enable operation and maintenance personnel to view system status and perform remote control operations. The interface should support a variety of terminal devices, including smartphones, tablet computers, and computers.

[0053] The identity authentication unit: uses a username and password, two-factor authentication method to perform identity authentication, ensuring that only authorized operation and maintenance personnel can access and control the system;

[0054] The network protocol unit: uses the network protocol to transmit data to ensure the security and real-time performance of data transmission. The protocol is WebSocket.

[0055] The data encryption unit is used to encrypt the transmitted data to prevent the data from being intercepted or tampered with during the transmission process. The encryption method is AES;

[0056] The application server processes requests from the client and executes corresponding business logic, including sending control commands and querying system status.

[0057] The database: stores the configuration information, historical data and logs of the system, and the database is MySQL.

[0058] (III) Beneficial effects

[0059] The present invention provides a water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0060] 1. The present invention adopts the method of ultrasonic detection, which can regularly or continuously monitor the corrosion conditions of the inner and outer surfaces of the pipeline and discover potential problems in time. Ultrasonic detection will not affect the medium in the pipeline, nor will it cause any damage to the pipeline itself. Compared with the traditional method of measuring wall thickness point by point, ultrasonic guided wave technology has the advantages of high efficiency and economy. It can complete corrosion detection of large-area pipelines in a shorter time, improve detection efficiency and reduce detection costs.

[0061] 2. By comprehensively considering water quality components, flow rate, temperature and the properties of steel, the system can more accurately simulate and predict the corrosion of pipelines in the actual operating environment. This comprehensive analysis method is more comprehensive and accurate than single factor analysis; accurate corrosion rate prediction can help operation and maintenance personnel formulate more scientific and reasonable maintenance plans, thereby extending the service life of pipelines and reducing maintenance costs.

[0062] 3. The combined use of the anti-corrosion maintenance strategies of the present invention can achieve more efficient and accurate operation and maintenance management, and can improve the operating efficiency and safety management of water conservancy projects. These strategies help to optimize resource allocation, improve water resource utilization efficiency, and ensure water resource safety. By adopting cathodic protection, improving water quality, and controlling water flow velocity, the corrosion rate can be effectively reduced, the service life of the pipeline can be extended, and the safety and reliability of the system can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 It is a module schematic diagram of the intelligent operation and maintenance system of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a module schematic diagram of the strategy formulation module in the intelligent operation and maintenance system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] See also Figure 1 , a water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system, the operation and maintenance system includes:

[0068] Data acquisition module: Using ultrasonic technology, the corrosion condition inside the pipeline is determined by sending ultrasonic waves and receiving reflected signals. Various types of sensors are installed to collect the water flow velocity, water temperature, water quality components and pH value inside the pipeline, and record the properties of steel. The data collected by the sensors are transmitted to the data processing module in real time.

[0069] The data acquisition module includes an ultrasonic monitoring system, which includes an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver, a signal processing unit, and a data analysis unit;

[0070] The ultrasonic probe should be an immersion probe;

[0071] The ultrasonic transmitter is used to generate high-frequency ultrasonic pulses. The pulses pass through the pipe wall and enter the water. After propagating in the water, part of the ultrasonic wave is reflected back on the other side of the pipe wall and received by the ultrasonic receiver.

[0072] The ultrasonic receiver is used to receive the high-frequency ultrasonic pulses generated by the ultrasonic transmitter;

[0073] Signal processing unit: The received signal contains multiple echoes, including echoes reflected directly from the pipe wall and echoes reflected from the corrosion interface. Signal processing technology is used to separate the echoes and extract information;

[0074] Data analysis unit: calculates the thickness of the pipe wall and the thickness of the corrosion layer according to the time delay and amplitude change of the echo;

[0075] Relationship between sound speed and time: Assume that the propagation speed of ultrasound in water is v w , the propagation speed in the pipe wall material is v p The time from transmission to receiving the first echo (outer surface of the pipe wall) is t1 The time to receive the second echo (inner surface of pipe wall or corrosion layer) is t 2 ;

[0076] The calculation formula of the tube wall thickness d is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] The reason for dividing by 2 here is that the round-trip propagation time of the ultrasound wave is included;

[0079] Consider the influence of water layer: If the influence of water layer on ultrasonic propagation is considered, the echo signal can be further analyzed to distinguish the propagation time in different media, for example, the depth of water h and the speed of sound v w , calculate the propagation time t of ultrasonic wave in water w :

[0080]

[0081] Then subtract t from the total time w Get the propagation time in the pipe wall;

[0082] Corrosion layer analysis: If there is a corrosion layer, its thickness d is calculated by comparing the difference in echo signals between the uncorroded area and the corroded area;

[0083] Assume that the propagation speed of ultrasound in water is v w = 1500m / s, the propagation speed in the pipe wall material (such as steel) v p =5960m / s, time t from transmission to receiving the first echo (outer surface of pipe wall) 1 = 0.00002s, the time t when the second echo (inner surface of pipe wall or corrosion layer) is received 2 =0.00004s.

[0084] According to the above formula, we can calculate the thickness d of the tube wall:

[0085]

[0086] Assuming the water depth h = 0.1m, the propagation time of ultrasound in water is t w for:

[0087]

[0088] The various types of sensors in the data acquisition module include electromagnetic flowmeters, NTC thermistors, online water quality monitors, and pH meters;

[0089] Electromagnetic flowmeters use the principle of electromagnetic induction to measure flow rate. They are suitable for occasions with high requirements for flow rate accuracy and are not affected by solid particles in the water. NTC thermistors are used to monitor water temperature. Thermistors are temperature-sensitive resistors whose resistance changes significantly with temperature. Thermistors have the characteristics of high sensitivity, small size, and low cost. They are suitable for applications with limited space or requiring fast response. Online water quality monitors use sensor technology to monitor various indicators in water bodies in real time, including sulfide and chloride. Online water quality monitors have the advantages of high degree of automation, high monitoring frequency, and accurate and reliable data, which can meet the needs of long-term continuous monitoring. pH meters are used to monitor the pH value in water. pH meters use industrial online electrodes with high precision and good stability. They are suitable for long-term monitoring of the pH value of water bodies in various industrial processes. For example, WCD3411 is a basic conventional water quality monitoring digital pH sensor. It uses a spherical electrode design to increase the measurement contact area, improve the response speed and measurement accuracy.

[0090] Data processing module: Receives data from the data acquisition module and cleans, integrates and standardizes the received data for subsequent analysis, extracts key features from the processed data, including environmental factors (including temperature, pH value, flow rate), and stores them;

[0091] The data processing module includes a communication protocol unit, an encryption unit, a data cleaning unit, a data integration unit, a data integration unit, a data standardization unit, a database management unit, and a data backup unit;

[0092] Communication protocol unit: uses Modbus communication protocol to receive data from the data acquisition module to ensure reliable data transmission;

[0093] Encryption unit: encrypts the transmitted data to ensure the security of the data during transmission, implements access control policies, and prevents unauthorized access;

[0094] Data cleaning unit: remove duplicate data, correct erroneous data and fill missing values ​​to improve data quality, and use mean filling method or interpolation method to handle missing values;

[0095] Data integration unit: integrates data from different sources into a consistent data format to facilitate subsequent analysis, involving the application of data warehouse technology;

[0096] Data standardization unit: Use minimum-maximum standardization and Z-score standardization to convert data into a uniform scale or range to eliminate the impact of different dimensions;

[0097] Database management unit: Select PostgreSQL database to manage and store processed data;

[0098] Data backup unit: regularly back up data to prevent data loss;

[0099] Model training and prediction module: Use machine learning algorithms (such as linear regression) to train models to predict future pipeline corrosion trends;

[0100] Strategy formulation module: formulate maintenance strategies based on the corrosion trend prediction results of pipelines;

[0101] Remote control module: displays analysis results and maintenance data, allowing operation and maintenance personnel to remotely monitor system status through mobile devices or computers, perform power on / off and parameter adjustment operations, and achieve rapid response and handling of emergencies.

[0102] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic detection method is used to regularly or continuously monitor the corrosion conditions of the inner and outer surfaces of the pipeline, and to promptly discover potential problems. The ultrasonic detection method has the advantages of high precision and high sensitivity, and can accurately determine the change in pipeline wall thickness and the degree of corrosion, and will not affect the medium in the pipeline, nor cause any damage to the pipeline itself. Compared with the traditional point-by-point wall thickness measurement method, ultrasonic guided wave technology has the advantages of high efficiency and economy. It can complete corrosion detection of large-area pipelines in a shorter time, improve detection efficiency, and reduce detection costs. The ultrasonic detection system is usually equipped with a data recording function, which can save all data in the detection process. These data can be used for subsequent analysis and comparison, providing strong support for the long-term maintenance and management of pipelines.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] This embodiment is based on the embodiment 1 and has made the following optimizations. Specifically, the model training and prediction module includes a data collection unit, a feature selection unit, a model construction unit, a model training and evaluation unit, and a model application unit;

[0105] Data collection unit: collects the pipeline corrosion data processed in the data processing module, as well as water quality components (including sulfide, chloride), water flow rate, water temperature, pH value and steel properties (including material);

[0106] Feature selection unit: select the features of pipeline corrosion as independent variables and dependent variables;

[0107] Model building unit: Use a multiple linear regression model to establish the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable (pipeline corrosion rate or corrosion depth). The model form can be expressed as:

[0108] y=β 0 +β 1 x 1 +β 2 x2 +...+β n x n +∈,

[0109] Where y is the corrosion rate or corrosion depth of the pipeline, x 1 ,x 2 ,..., xn are independent variables (i.e. water quality components, water flow rate, water temperature, pH value and steel properties), β 0 is the intercept term, β 1 ,β 2 ,...,β n is the regression coefficient, ∈ is the error term;

[0110] Model training and evaluation unit: Use the collected data to train the model, estimate the regression coefficient by minimizing the error term, use the cross-validation method to evaluate the predictive performance of the model, and adjust the feature selection and model parameters if the model performance is poor;

[0111] Model application unit: Apply the trained and evaluated model to actual scenarios, input new water quality components, water flow rate, water temperature, pH value and steel property data, and predict the pipeline corrosion rate.

[0112] In this embodiment, by comprehensively considering water quality components, flow rate, temperature and properties of steel, the system can more accurately simulate and predict the corrosion of pipelines in the actual operating environment. This comprehensive analysis method is more comprehensive and accurate than single factor analysis. Accurate corrosion rate prediction can help operation and maintenance personnel formulate more scientific and reasonable maintenance plans. For example, for areas with high corrosion rates, the inspection frequency can be increased and protective measures can be taken in advance, thereby extending the service life of the pipeline and reducing maintenance costs.

[0113] By real-time monitoring and prediction of corrosion rates, the system can promptly detect potential safety hazards and provide early warnings, thereby effectively avoiding accidents and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system. Through effective management and prevention of corrosion, users' confidence in the safety and reliability of water conservancy and hydropower systems can be improved. The large amount of accumulated data can be used for training machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to further improve the accuracy of prediction models and provide strong data support for future decision-making.

[0114] Example 3

[0115] See also Figure 2 , this embodiment is based on the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2 and is optimized as follows. Specifically, the strategy formulation module includes a water quality optimization system, and the water quality optimization system includes a data acquisition unit, a standard determination unit, a processing volume calculation unit, a decision support unit and an execution control unit;

[0116] Data acquisition unit: obtains the water quality components after processing in the data processing module. The water quality components are sulfide concentration S (mg / L) and chloride concentration C Cl (mg / L);

[0117] Standard determination unit: The emission standards for sulfide concentration and chloride concentration are defined as S std (mg / L) and C Cl，std (mg / L);

[0118] Treatment volume calculation unit: According to the content and standards of water quality components, the amount of sulfide and chloride that needs to be reduced per unit time is calculated. The mathematical model is as follows:

[0119] For sulfide, if the current concentration exceeds the standard, calculate the amount of sulfide that needs to be reduced per unit time ΔS (mg / h), the calculation formula is:

[0120] ΔS=(SS std )×V×K S ,

[0121] For chloride, if the current concentration exceeds the standard, calculate the amount of chloride that needs to be reduced per unit time ΔC Cl (mg / h), calculated as:

[0122] ΔC Cl =(C Cl -C Cl，std )×V×K Cl ;

[0123] Where V is the volume of water (L), K S and K Cl are the treatment factors (h^-1) for sulfide and chloride, respectively, indicating the proportion that can be treated per hour;

[0124] Assume that the data is: Chloride concentration C Cl =150mg / L; Chloride emission standard C Cl，std =100mg / L; K Cl is the chloride treatment coefficient (assuming 10% chloride is treated per hour); water volume V = 5000L (i.e. 5 cubic meters);

[0125] Calculate the amount of chloride reduction required per hour:

[0126] ΔC Cl =(150-100)5000×0.1=2500mgh;

[0127] Decision support unit: Use machine learning technology to conduct in-depth analysis of data, establish an optimization model, and calculate the amount of chemical reagents required to treat sulfides and chlorides per unit time. The mathematical model is as follows:

[0128] Model parameters: C0: concentration of initial reactant (sulfide or chloride); k: reaction rate constant, affected by temperature and catalyst factors; t: reaction time; V: reaction volume;

[0129] For the reaction of primary sulfide, the reaction rate is expressed as:

[0130]

[0131] Where C is the concentration of sulfide at time t;

[0132] For the reaction of secondary chlorides, the reaction rate is expressed as:

[0133]

[0134] Similarly, C is the concentration of chloride at time t;

[0135] The relationship between sulfide concentration and time is obtained by integration:

[0136]

[0137] Thus, the sulfide concentration C at any time t can be solved;

[0138] The relationship between chloride concentration and time can be obtained by a similar method;

[0139] Calculate the amount of chemical reagents required: Based on the above model, calculate the initial concentration or amount of reactants required to achieve the desired removal effect (such as reducing to below a certain concentration) within a given time;

[0140] Execution control unit: According to the output results of the decision support module, it controls the operation of the delivery or treatment equipment and automatically adds chemical reagents. For example, by adding appropriate chemical reagents (such as calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ferric chloride), sulfides react with the reagents to form water-insoluble precipitates, which are then removed by sedimentation or filtration.

[0141] The strategy formulation module also includes a cathodic protection system, which uses sacrificial anode method or impressed current method to make the pipeline metal become a cathode, thereby slowing down the corrosion rate. The cathodic protection system includes a potential evaluation unit, an impressed current adjustment unit, and an anode consumption monitoring unit;

[0142] Potential evaluation unit: Regularly measure the potential. Use a potential measuring instrument to measure the potential of the protected pipeline regularly (such as weekly or monthly) to ensure that it is within the protection potential range. In the cathodic protection system, for metal pipelines buried in natural water and soil, the minimum protection potential is determined to be -0.85V (relative to Cu / CuSO 4 electrode), by measuring the pipeline to ground potential (such as using Cu / CuSO 4 electrode), if the potential is lower than -0.85V (relative to Cu / CuSO 4 If the potential is too high, it may cause over-protection and the impressed current needs to be reduced;

[0143] Impressed current regulating unit: Regularly monitor the potential of the reference electrode to ensure that it is stable between -0.85V and -1.10V, and adjust the protection parameters in time to adapt to environmental changes. For environments containing sulfate-reducing bacteria, it is necessary to adjust to a more negative potential (such as -0.95V), and the influence of corrosion rate, soil resistivity, temperature, and humidity environmental factors must also be considered;

[0144] Corrosion rate: The corrosion rate itself does not directly affect the current required for cathodic protection, but it reflects the degree of corrosion and protection requirements of the metal structure. A high corrosion rate means that stronger protection measures are needed to slow down the corrosion process, which indirectly affects the selection of the required protection current. In practical applications, ensure that the cathodic protection system can provide sufficient current to maintain the potential of the protected metal structure within a safe range;

[0145] Soil resistivity: Soil resistivity is an important factor affecting the effect of cathodic protection. High soil resistivity will reduce the current conduction efficiency, making the distribution of the same protection current in the soil more uneven, thus affecting the protection effect. Therefore, in an environment with high soil resistivity, it is necessary to increase the size of the protection current or adopt other auxiliary measures (such as improving soil conductivity) to improve the protection effect;

[0146] Temperature: The influence of temperature on the size of cathodic protection current is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the increase in temperature will accelerate the electrochemical reaction rate, including corrosion reaction and cathodic protection reaction, which may affect the size of the required protection current. Second, temperature changes will affect the soil resistivity and the conduction efficiency of the protection current. In practical applications, the size of the protection current needs to be dynamically adjusted according to the changes in ambient temperature to ensure the protection effect.

[0147] Humidity: Humidity has a relatively small effect on the size of the cathodic protection current, but the increase in moisture content in a high humidity environment may promote the occurrence of corrosion reactions, thereby indirectly affecting the size of the required protection current. In addition, humidity changes may also affect the soil resistivity, further affecting the conduction efficiency of the protection current. In practical applications, although humidity is not the main consideration, it is still necessary to pay attention to its potential impact on the cathodic protection effect under specific environments;

[0148] Corrosion rate, soil resistivity, temperature and humidity factors will have a certain impact on the current size in the cathodic protection method. In practical applications, these factors need to be comprehensively considered, and the cathodic protection system should be reasonably designed and the size of the protection current should be dynamically adjusted to ensure that the protected metal structure is effectively protected from corrosion.

[0149] Anode consumption monitoring unit: monitors the consumption of sacrificial anodes to determine whether the cathodic protection effect is stable. When the sacrificial anode is consumed to a certain extent, its output current will drop significantly and cannot provide sufficient protection current. Check the weight and size of the sacrificial anode regularly. When the anode weight is reduced to 60% of the initial weight, send the data to the remote control module to notify the operator to replace the sacrificial anode. Select appropriate sacrificial anode materials such as magnesium alloy and zinc alloy according to soil or water conditions to ensure long-term and effective protection. When replacing the sacrificial anode, ensure that the electrical connection between the new anode and the pipeline is good, and avoid direct contact between the anode and the pipeline to prevent short circuit;

[0150] In the cathodic protection system, calculate the key parameters of protection current density and soil resistivity;

[0151] The mathematical formula for calculating the protection current density is:

[0152] ip=(V max -V min ) / (R·L),

[0153] Where, ip is the protection current density, V max and V min are the maximum and minimum protection potential differences allowed on the pipeline, R is the longitudinal resistance of the pipeline per unit length, and L is the length of the pipeline;

[0154] The mathematical formula for calculating soil resistivity is:

[0155] ρ=K·(V / I),

[0156] Where ρ is the soil resistivity, K is a proportionality constant (depending on soil type and moisture), V is the voltage, and I is the current.

[0157] The strategy formulation module also includes a water flow velocity control system. When formulating maintenance strategies based on corrosion rates, controlling water flow velocity is an important aspect. The water flow velocity control system includes a flow velocity collection unit, a flow velocity decision unit, and a flow velocity regulation unit.

[0158] Flow rate collection unit: obtains the water flow rate in the pipeline after being processed in the data processing module;

[0159] Flow rate decision unit: calculates the relationship between corrosion rate and flow rate to control the water flow rate within the optimal range;

[0160] Relationship between flow rate and corrosion:

[0161] For pipeline systems without corrosion inhibitors, the flow state of water has a significant effect on the diffusion rate of oxygen, thereby affecting the corrosion rate. When the flow rate reaches a certain critical value, the water flow will change from laminar flow to turbulent flow, resulting in a sharp increase in the corrosion rate, which is expressed by a formula containing three dimensionless numbers Sh (Sherwood number), Sc (Schmidt number), Re (Reynolds number) and x / d describing the degree of turbulence development:

[0162]

[0163] Where Sh is the ratio of total mass transfer to mass transfer caused by molecular diffusion, Sc is the ratio of momentum transfer to mass transfer caused by molecular diffusion, Re is the ratio of inertial force to friction force, x is the distance from the flow state mutation point, d is the pipe diameter, c, n 1 、n 2 、n 3 is a constant;

[0164] For a pipeline system with corrosion inhibitors, a flow rate within a certain range (such as about 1 m / s) will be beneficial to corrosion inhibition, but too high or too low a flow rate may reduce the corrosion inhibition effect. In this case, the following mathematical formula is used to describe the relationship between corrosion rate and flow rate:

[0165] V corr =K·C m ·V n ·D -1 ,

[0166] Among them, V corr is the corrosion rate, K is the corrosion coefficient, C is the concentration of chemical components in the liquid, D is the thickness of the pipe wall, V is the flow rate of the liquid, and m and n are the manifestations of the corrosion index;

[0167] Flow rate regulation unit: transmits data signals to the water pump control system, and the control system adjusts the water pump operating parameters.

[0168] In this embodiment, the cathodic protection method uses a sacrificial anode or an impressed current to make the pipeline a cathode in the electrochemical system, thereby slowing down corrosion. This method can significantly extend the service life of the pipeline, reduce leakage and rupture accidents caused by corrosion, and improve the safety and reliability of the system; controlling the content of sulfide and chloride corrosive substances in the water can improve the chemical stability of the factory water and reduce the corrosion rate; the water flow rate has an important influence on the corrosion rate. By controlling the water flow rate within a reasonable range, wear and corrosion caused by excessive flow rate can be avoided;

[0169] The combined use of anti-corrosion maintenance strategies can achieve more efficient and accurate operation and maintenance management, and can improve the operating efficiency and safety management of water conservancy projects. The strategies help optimize resource allocation, improve water resource utilization efficiency, and ensure water resource safety; effective anti-corrosion maintenance strategies can reduce maintenance costs and downtime, reduce economic losses caused by corrosion, and reducing corrosion means fewer leaks and pollution incidents, which helps protect the ecological environment; formulating pipeline anti-corrosion maintenance strategies is of great significance in the intelligent operation and maintenance system of water conservancy and hydropower informationization. By adopting cathodic protection, improving water quality, controlling water flow velocity and other methods, the corrosion rate can be effectively reduced, the service life of the pipeline can be extended, and the safety and reliability of the system can be improved.

[0170] Example 4

[0171] This embodiment is based on the embodiment 1 and is optimized as follows. Specifically, the remote control module includes a user interface unit, an identity authentication unit, a network protocol unit, a data encryption unit, an application server and a database;

[0172] User interface unit: Provides a user interface to enable operation and maintenance personnel to view system status and perform remote control operations. The interface should support a variety of terminal devices, including smartphones, tablets, and computers;

[0173] Authentication unit: Use username and password and two-factor authentication to ensure that only authorized operation and maintenance personnel can access and control the system;

[0174] Network protocol unit: uses network protocol to transmit data to ensure the security and real-time performance of data transmission. The protocol is WebSocket.

[0175] Data encryption unit: encrypts the transmitted data to prevent the data from being intercepted or tampered with during transmission. The encryption method is AES;

[0176] Application server: processes requests from clients and executes corresponding business logic, including sending control commands and querying system status;

[0177] Database: stores system configuration information, historical data, and logs. The database is MySQL.

[0178] In this embodiment, the remote control module allows the operation and maintenance personnel to remotely perform operations such as power on and off, and adjust parameters through mobile devices or computers, which greatly reduces labor intensity and improves work efficiency. In an emergency, the remote control module can respond quickly and automatically adjust the equipment status according to real-time data, such as opening or closing the gate. This rapid response capability is crucial to ensuring the safe operation of water conservancy projects.

[0179] The remote control module has data recording and analysis functions, which can accumulate and analyze the operation data of water conservancy projects for a long time, provide a scientific basis for the optimal allocation and scheduling of water resources, and discover the potential laws of water resource utilization through the mining of historical data, so as to formulate a more reasonable scheduling plan.

[0180] The remote control module adopts security measures such as identity authentication and data encryption to ensure that only authorized operation and maintenance personnel can access and control the system, preventing data from being intercepted or tampered with during transmission, which greatly improves the security and reliability of the system.

[0181] In summary: the present invention adopts the ultrasonic detection method, which can regularly or continuously monitor the corrosion conditions of the inner and outer surfaces of the pipeline, and timely discover potential problems. The ultrasonic detection will not affect the medium in the pipeline, nor will it cause any damage to the pipeline itself. Compared with the traditional point-by-point wall thickness measurement method, the ultrasonic guided wave technology has the advantages of high efficiency and economy. It can complete the corrosion detection of large-area pipelines in a shorter time, improve the detection efficiency, and reduce the detection cost;

[0182] By comprehensively considering water quality components, flow rate, temperature and the properties of steel, the system can more accurately simulate and predict the corrosion of pipelines in the actual operating environment. This comprehensive analysis method is more comprehensive and accurate than single factor analysis. Accurate corrosion rate prediction can help operation and maintenance personnel formulate more scientific and reasonable maintenance plans, thereby extending the service life of pipelines and reducing maintenance costs.

[0183] By adopting cathodic protection, improving water quality, and controlling water flow velocity, the corrosion rate can be effectively reduced, the service life of the pipeline can be extended, and the safety and reliability of the system can be improved.

[0184] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system, characterized in that: The operation and maintenance system includes: Data acquisition module: Using ultrasonic technology, the corrosion condition inside the pipeline is determined by sending ultrasonic waves and receiving reflected signals. Various types of sensors are installed to collect the water flow velocity, water temperature, water quality components and pH value inside the pipeline, and record the properties of steel. The data collected by the sensors are transmitted to the data processing module in real time. Data processing module: receives data from the data acquisition module and cleans, integrates and standardizes the received data, extracts key features from the processed data, and stores them; Model training and prediction module: Use machine learning algorithms to train models to predict future pipeline corrosion trends; Strategy formulation module: formulate maintenance strategies based on the corrosion trend prediction results of pipelines; Remote control module: displays analysis results and maintenance data, allowing operation and maintenance personnel to remotely monitor system status through mobile devices or computers, and perform power on / off and parameter adjustment operations.

2. The water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The data acquisition module includes an ultrasonic monitoring system, which includes an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver, a signal processing unit, and a data analysis unit; The ultrasonic probe is an immersion probe; The ultrasonic transmitter is used to generate high-frequency ultrasonic pulses. The pulses pass through the pipe wall and enter the water. After propagating in the water, part of the ultrasonic waves are reflected back on the other side of the pipe wall and received by the ultrasonic receiver. The ultrasonic receiver is used to receive high-frequency ultrasonic pulses generated by the ultrasonic transmitter; The signal processing unit: the received signal contains multiple echoes, including echoes reflected directly from the pipe wall and echoes reflected from the corrosion interface, uses signal processing technology to separate the echoes and extract information; The data analysis unit calculates the thickness of the pipe wall and the thickness of the corrosion layer according to the time delay and amplitude change of the echo.

3. The water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The various types of sensors in the data acquisition module include an electromagnetic flow meter, an NTC thermistor, an online water quality monitor and a pH meter; The electromagnetic flow meter uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to measure flow rate; the NTC thermistor is used to monitor water temperature; the online water quality monitor uses sensor technology to monitor various indicators in the water body in real time, including sulfide and chloride, and the pH meter is used to monitor the pH value in the water.

4. The water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The data processing module includes a communication protocol unit, an encryption unit, a data cleaning unit, a data integration unit, a data integration unit, a data standardization unit, a database management unit, and a data backup unit; The communication protocol unit: adopts Modbus communication protocol to receive data in the data acquisition module; The encryption unit is used to encrypt the transmitted data and implement access control policies; The data cleaning unit: removes duplicate data, corrects erroneous data and fills missing values, and uses mean filling method or interpolation method to process missing values; The data integration unit integrates data from different sources to form a consistent data format; The data standardization unit: converts the data into a uniform scale or range using minimum-maximum standardization and Z-score standardization; The database management unit selects PostgreSQL database to manage and store processed data; The data backup unit backs up data regularly.

5. The water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The model training and prediction module includes a data collection unit, a feature selection unit, a model construction unit, a model training and evaluation unit, and a model application unit; The data collection unit collects the pipeline corrosion data processed in the data processing module, as well as water quality components, water flow velocity, water temperature, pH value and steel properties; The feature selection unit selects features of pipeline corrosion as independent variables and dependent variables; The model building unit: uses a multiple linear regression model to establish the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables; The model training and evaluation unit: uses the collected data to train the model, estimates the regression coefficient by minimizing the error term, and uses a cross-validation method to evaluate the prediction performance of the model; The model application unit applies the trained and evaluated model to an actual scenario, inputs new water quality components, water flow velocity, water temperature, pH value and steel property data, and predicts the pipeline corrosion rate.

6. The water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The strategy formulation module includes a water quality optimization system, which includes a data acquisition unit, a standard determination unit, a processing volume calculation unit, a decision support unit and an execution control unit; The data acquisition unit is configured to acquire water quality components processed in the data processing module, wherein the water quality components are sulfide concentration and chloride concentration; The standard determination unit: defines the emission standards of sulfide concentration and chloride concentration; The processing volume calculation unit calculates the amount of sulfide and chloride that needs to be reduced per unit time according to the content and standard of water quality components; The execution control unit controls the operation of the delivery or treatment equipment and automatically adds chemical reagents according to the output results of the decision support module.

7. The water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The strategy formulation module includes a cathodic protection system, which includes a potential evaluation unit, an impressed current adjustment unit and an anode consumption monitoring unit; The potential evaluation unit: regularly measures the potential, using a potential measuring instrument to regularly measure the potential of the protected pipeline; The external current regulating unit: regularly monitors the potential of the reference electrode to ensure that it is stable between -0.85V and -1.10V, and adjusts the protection parameters in time to adapt to environmental changes; The anode consumption monitoring unit monitors the consumption of the sacrificial anode to determine whether the cathodic protection effect is stable, regularly checks the weight and size of the sacrificial anode, and when the anode weight is reduced to 60% of the initial weight, sends the data to the remote control module to notify the operator to replace the sacrificial anode.

8. The water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The strategy formulation module includes a water flow velocity control system. When formulating a maintenance strategy based on the corrosion rate, controlling the water flow velocity is an important aspect. The water flow velocity control system includes a flow velocity collection unit, a flow velocity decision unit, and a flow velocity regulation unit; The flow rate collection unit is used to obtain the water flow rate in the pipeline after being processed by the data processing module; The flow rate decision unit calculates the relationship between the corrosion rate and the flow rate; The flow rate regulating unit transmits the data signal to the control system of the water pump, and the control system adjusts the operating parameters of the water pump.

9. The water conservancy and hydropower information intelligent operation and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The remote control module includes a user interface unit, an identity authentication unit, a network protocol unit, a data encryption unit, an application server and a database; The user interface unit provides a user interface to enable operation and maintenance personnel to view system status and perform remote control operations. The interface should support a variety of terminal devices. The identity verification unit: performs identity verification by using a username and password, or a two-factor authentication method; The network protocol unit: uses a network protocol to transmit data, and the protocol is WebSocket; The data encryption unit is used to encrypt the transmitted data using AES encryption method. The application server: processes requests from the client and executes corresponding business logic, including sending control commands and querying system status; The database: stores the configuration information, historical data and logs of the system, and the database is MySQL.

Images