System and method for monitoring, utilizing and managing cow dung in large-scale breeding

Abstract

The invention discloses a cow dung monitoring, utilization and management system and method for large-scale breeding, and relates to the technical field of agricultural resource utilization. The system comprises four main modules: an excrement characteristic parameter extraction module is responsible for performing isovolumetric division on the cow excrement, acquiring physical, chemical and biological characteristic parameters of each sample and performing pretreatment; the manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module calculates manure fertilizer efficiency indexes on the basis of chemical and biological characteristic parameters, and covers chemical characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and biological characteristics of organic matter content and the like; the excrement environment-friendly utilization analysis module is used for calculating an excrement resource utilization index, an environment-friendly risk index and a fermentation suitability index so as to evaluate the environment-friendly and recycling potential of the excrement; the feces utilization mode judgment module integrates the indexes to generate feces utilization judgment coefficients, and compares the feces utilization judgment coefficients with a set threshold value to judge the specific utilization mode of each feces sample. The system aims at improving the resource utilization efficiency of cow dung and promoting environmental protection and sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural resource utilization, and in particular to a management system and method for monitoring and utilizing manure in large-scale dairy cow breeding. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern animal husbandry, the trend of intensive and large-scale farms has been continuously strengthened. As an important part of animal husbandry, dairy cattle farming has the characteristics of high output and significant economic benefits. However, large-scale farming is also accompanied by the generation of a large amount of manure and sewage. If these manure and sewage are not properly handled, they will cause serious pollution to the environment. For example, volatile substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in manure and sewage can cause air pollution, and the loss of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen can lead to eutrophication of water bodies and even cause pollution of surface water and groundwater. In addition, the random stacking or discharge of untreated manure and sewage will occupy land resources and bring health risks. Therefore, the scientific and efficient management and utilization of dairy cow manure and sewage has become one of the important issues that need to be solved in the current animal husbandry field.

[0003] At present, the mainstream technologies for treating dairy cow manure include composting, anaerobic fermentation (biogas fermentation), land application and industrial processing. It converts organic matter in manure into bioenergy such as methane through microbial metabolism, while achieving the degradation and stabilization of pollutants. However, due to the significant differences in the chemical composition, biological activity and physical properties of dairy cow manure, whether it is suitable for anaerobic fermentation requires a comprehensive analysis based on multiple parameters, including organic matter content, methane precursor concentration and ambient temperature. The distribution of these factors in different manure samples is significantly uneven, which affects the overall efficiency of biogas fermentation. In addition, the current management systems for dairy cow manure are mostly focused on the monitoring of a single indicator, lacking a comprehensive analysis of indicators, resulting in certain restrictions on the efficiency of manure resource utilization and environmental benefits.

[0004] On the other hand, in addition to anaerobic fermentation, the rational application of manure to land is another efficient way of resource utilization. However, this method is also limited by the fertilizer efficiency characteristics of manure (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content) and potential environmental risks (such as pH, concentration of volatile substances, etc.). In the existing technology, the analysis of manure fertilizer efficiency mainly focuses on the evaluation of single nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and lacks consideration of organic matter content and microbial activity, resulting in an incomplete evaluation of manure fertilizer efficiency. In terms of environmental protection utilization, the concentration of volatile substances in manure (such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) to the land environment and human health is generally underestimated, and there is a lack of systematic evaluation mechanism.

[0005] In the prior art, the publication number CN114814111A discloses a large-scale pig breeding manure monitoring and utilization management system and method, the system includes a farmland information subsystem, a crop information subsystem and a manure information subsystem, wherein the farmland information subsystem monitors the information of multiple farmlands; the crop information subsystem monitors the information of crops on multiple farmlands; the manure information subsystem monitors the information of breeding manure generated by multiple pig farms; the large-scale pig breeding manure monitoring and management system also includes a matching subsystem, the matching subsystem dynamically matches multiple farmlands with breeding manure generated by multiple pig farms during the crop growth cycle according to the information of multiple farmlands, the information of crops on multiple farmlands and the information of breeding manure generated by pig farms. However, the dynamic matching mechanism in this scheme is too single and not intelligent enough. The scheme only focuses on applying manure to farmland, and does not fully evaluate other resource utilization methods of manure (such as composting and anaerobic fermentation), resulting in a single system function and limiting the comprehensive utilization potential of manure. The random application of manure and sewage may bring significant environmental risks, but the plan does not fully consider these risks. Therefore, relying on this system alone will reduce the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the regulatory system.

[0006] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system and method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system, specifically including:

[0010] The manure characteristic parameter extraction module is used to divide the manure of the dairy cows to be managed into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure samples, sample each dairy cow manure sample, obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, pre-process the obtained parameters, and obtain the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample;

[0011] A manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module is used to calculate the manure fertilizer efficiency index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration, and the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity;

[0012] The manure environmental protection utilization analysis module is used to calculate the manure resource utilization index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, calculate the environmental risk index based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, and calculate the fermentation suitability index based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, wherein the physical characteristic parameters include manure humidity and manure temperature;

[0013] The manure utilization method judgment module is used to generate a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, and compare the manure utilization judgment coefficient with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged.

[0014] Furthermore, the dairy cow manure and sewage to be managed are divided into equal volumes to obtain several dairy cow manure and sewage samples, wherein the dairy cow manure and sewage to be managed are divided into m dairy cow manure and sewage samples in equal volumes, and each dairy cow manure and sewage sample is mixed evenly before sampling to obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure and sewage sample, and the obtained parameters are preprocessed, and the preprocessing includes dimension removal and data cleaning, removing parameter units and deleting abnormal data.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the manure fertilizer efficiency index is:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, P is the phosphorus content of manure, K is the potassium content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, and α is the influence coefficient of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency. The specific formula for calculating the influence coefficient α of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency is:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, R is the microbial activity, C is the carbon content of manure, and CN optis the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio, where the microbial activity is characterized by the microbial respiration rate, based on the formula:

[0020]

[0021] Where Δt is the time interval, ΔCO2 is the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the cow manure sample during the time interval Δt, and V is the volume of each cow manure sample.

[0022] Furthermore, based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure resource utilization index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the manure resource utilization index is:

[0023]

[0024] Where ZY is the manure resource utilization index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, R is the microbial activity, and C is the carbon content of manure.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the physical characteristic parameters and the chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the environmental risk index is:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, HX is the environmental risk index, NH3 is the ammonia concentration, H2S is the hydrogen sulfide concentration, HR is moi It indicates the humidity of manure, and PH indicates the pH value of manure;

[0028] Based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the fermentation suitability index is:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, SY is the fermentation suitability index, CH4 is the methane concentration, T is the manure temperature, and T for It is the reference temperature for fermentation.

[0031] Furthermore, according to the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, the manure resource utilization index and the manure fertilizer efficiency index, the manure utilization judgment coefficient of dairy cows is jointly generated, wherein the formula for calculating the manure utilization judgment coefficient of dairy cows is specifically as follows:

[0032]

[0033] Wherein, ZH is the judgment coefficient of dairy cow manure utilization, FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, ZY is the manure resource utilization index, SY is the fermentation suitability index, HX is the environmental risk index, ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4 are the weight coefficients of the environmental risk index, manure fertilizer efficiency index, manure resource utilization index and fermentation suitability index respectively;

[0034] The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold, and the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged according to different comparison results. The logic for judging the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is as follows:

[0035] When ZH≥1.0*yz, it is judged as high-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for use as organic fertilizer;

[0036] When 0.4*yz≤ZH<1.0*yz, it is judged as medium-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for biogas fermentation;

[0037] When 0≤ZH<0.4*yz, it is judged as low-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for composting and soil improvement:

[0038] Where yz is the pre-set manure utilization judgment threshold.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring and utilizing the waste of dairy cows in large-scale breeding. The method is used to control the above-mentioned monitoring and utilizing management system for waste of dairy cows in large-scale breeding. The specific steps include:

[0040] Divide the dairy cow manure to be managed into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure samples, sample each dairy cow manure sample, obtain physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, pre-process the obtained parameters, and obtain physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample;

[0041] Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration, and the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity;

[0042] Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, the manure resource utilization index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated, and the physical characteristic parameters include manure humidity and manure temperature;

[0043] Based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, the dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is jointly generated. The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] First, this system solves the problem of incomplete acquisition of physical, chemical and biological parameters in manure through the manure characteristic parameter extraction module. The physical properties (humidity, temperature), chemical properties (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon content and volatile substance concentration) and biological properties (organic matter content, microbial activity) of dairy cow manure are comprehensively extracted, which not only improves the accuracy of resource utilization of dairy cow manure, but also lays a data foundation for the formulation of personalized manure treatment plans. Secondly, through the design of the manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module, the problem of single and incomplete fertilizer efficiency evaluation in the existing technology is solved. The essence of manure fertilizer efficiency is the comprehensive performance of its nutrient content. On the basis of considering conventional chemical parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, this system also adds the evaluation of organic matter content and microbial activity indicators in manure. This improvement can more comprehensively reflect the fertilizer efficiency characteristics of manure, especially for the soil improvement effect of long-term application of manure. It has a stronger guiding significance. Finally, the calculation methods of resource utilization index, environmental risk index and fermentation suitability index are introduced to evaluate the resource potential and environmental impact of manure from multiple dimensions. Through comprehensive analysis of temperature and other parameters, it is possible to accurately determine whether manure is suitable for anaerobic fermentation or other utilization methods. At the same time, the calculation of the environmental risk index further provides a scientific basis for the use of dairy cow manure in environmentally sensitive areas, effectively reducing the pollution risk caused by the random application of manure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0049] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0050] Example:

[0051] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0052] A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system, the specific steps include:

[0053] The manure characteristic parameter extraction module is used to divide the manure of the dairy cows to be managed into equal volumes to obtain several cow manure samples, sample each cow manure sample, obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each cow manure sample, pre-process the obtained parameters, and obtain the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each cow manure sample.

[0054] The dairy cow manure and sewage to be managed are divided into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure and sewage samples, wherein the dairy cow manure and sewage to be managed are divided into m dairy cow manure and sewage samples in equal volumes, and each dairy cow manure and sewage sample is mixed evenly before sampling to obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure and sewage sample, and the obtained parameters are preprocessed, and the preprocessing includes dimension removal and data cleaning, removing parameter units and deleting abnormal data.

[0055] The specific steps of deleting abnormal data include: calculating the average value of each parameter corresponding to each dairy cow dung sample, and when the test data is greater than , the group of parameters is marked as abnormal data and deleted, where θ is the abnormal proportional constant, which is set according to expert experience, cs mean Represents the mean value of the parameter.

[0056] At the same time, dimension reduction is a common technical means and will not be elaborated here.

[0057] The manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module is used to calculate the manure fertilizer efficiency index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration, and the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity.

[0058] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of manure can be determined by chemical analysis methods, such as Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, spectrophotometry, etc. After sampling, the sample is humidified, and then the corresponding chemical reaction is used to generate the compounds required for determination, and finally the instrument is used for quantitative analysis.

[0059] Carbon content of manure: usually measured by dry combustion method (such as elemental analyzer). The sample is burned at high temperature and the amount of carbon dioxide released is proportional to the carbon content.

[0060] PH value of feces and sewage: can be directly measured by a pH meter. Mix the feces and sewage sample with deionized water in a certain proportion and measure the pH value after it stabilizes.

[0061] Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and methane concentrations: Quantitative analysis is performed by gas chromatography. Samples are collected through specific sampling bottles or gas collection tubes, and then separated and quantified using a gas chromatograph.

[0062] Organic matter content: usually determined by ashing method or chemical oxidation method. The ashing method measures the mass of the residue by burning the sample at high temperature. The chemical oxidation method oxidizes the organic matter with a strong oxidant and measures the relationship between the amount of oxidant consumed and the organic matter content.

[0063] Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the manure fertilizer efficiency index is:

[0064]

[0065] Where FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, P is the phosphorus content of manure, K is the potassium content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, and α is the influence coefficient of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency.

[0066] In the formula, the manure fertilizer efficiency index FX is an indicator used to evaluate and quantify the effect and value of dairy cow manure in soil improvement and crop production. The FX value reflects the comprehensive fertilizer effect of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in dairy cow manure. The higher the value, the stronger the efficiency of manure as a fertilizer.

[0067] It should be noted that ln(1+N) represents the nitrogen content of manure. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth, which directly affects plant growth, leaf development and yield. Therefore, the greater the nitrogen content in manure, the greater the manure fertilizer efficiency index FX, which means that the manure is more effective as a fertilizer. At the same time, it is expressed in logarithmic form that as the nitrogen content increases, the effect of nitrogen content on the fertilizer efficiency index decreases accordingly. Excessive nitrogen content may lead to soil erosion and other effects, reflecting the nonlinear effect of nitrogen.

[0068] Phosphorus and potassium are also essential nutrients for plant growth. Phosphorus helps root development and energy conversion, while potassium plays an important role in water regulation and stress resistance. Therefore, the larger the P*K value, the more conducive it is to plant growth, and the more suitable manure is as a fertilizer. Therefore, the phosphorus content and potassium content of manure are both proportional to the manure fertilizer efficiency index FX. At the same time, The square root setting can balance the contribution of the two to fertilizer efficiency and prevent excessive impact on the fertilizer efficiency index caused by excessive amount of one nutrient.

[0069] Organic matter has a significant impact on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. It can improve soil structure, increase water retention capacity and provide sustained nutrient release. Therefore, the higher the organic matter content, the more conducive to plant growth. Therefore, the organic matter content OM is proportional to the manure fertilizer efficiency index FX. The introduction of organic matter in the form of α*OM emphasizes its importance in fertilizer efficiency. α is an influence coefficient used to adjust the contribution of organic matter to fertilizer efficiency, taking into account that the actual effects of organic matter in different types of manure may vary.

[0070] The specific formula for calculating the influence coefficient α of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency is:

[0071]

[0072] In the formula, R is the microbial activity, C is the carbon content of manure, and CN opt The best carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0073] Among them, organic matter OM is one of the most important indicators in fertilizer. Its functions include improving soil structure, promoting nutrient release and improving soil water retention. The larger the organic matter OM, the more obvious the improvement effect on the land. Therefore, the influence coefficient α of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency is also greater. At the same time, log3(1+OM) is used to represent the diminishing marginal utility of organic matter. When OM is low, a small increase will significantly improve fertilizer efficiency. When OM is high, the effect of further increase on fertilizer efficiency gradually weakens, which is in line with the empirical law in actual fertilizer application.

[0074] Microbial activity R is a key factor in the decomposition of organic matter and the release of nutrients. High microbial activity helps to quickly decompose organic matter and release effective nutrients for crop absorption. Low microbial activity will reduce the decomposition rate of organic matter, resulting in limited fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the larger the microbial activity R, the better the organic matter decomposition and nutrient release effects. Therefore, the microbial activity R is proportional to the influence coefficient α of the contribution of organic matter to fertilizer efficiency. At the same time, through the exponential form, it is expressed that the larger the microbial activity R, the greater the influence coefficient α on the contribution to fertilizer efficiency.

[0075] The carbon-nitrogen ratio is a key parameter for microbial metabolism and nutrient balance during the decomposition of organic matter. If the C / N ratio is too low, the nitrogen content is too high, which may lead to excessive nitrogen release (such as ammonia volatilization), affecting fertilizer efficiency and environmental safety. If the C / N ratio is too high, the carbon content is too high, which may inhibit microbial activity and delay the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient release. opt Indicates the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio, ensuring optimal microbial metabolism and nutrient release during manure treatment. Therefore, when C / N≈CN opt When C / N deviates from CN opt When the factor modifies the contribution of fertilizer efficiency, it is expressed by the exponential function It means that when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is large, the influence coefficient α on the fertilizer efficiency contribution will have a negative correlation effect. opt It can be set by consulting materials, and can also be set according to local environment and expert opinions.

[0076] The microbial activity is characterized by the microbial respiration rate, and the specific formula is:

[0077]

[0078] Where Δt is the time interval, ΔCO2 is the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the dairy cow manure sample during the time interval Δt, and V is the volume of each dairy cow manure sample. The time interval Δt should be measured no later than the fifth hour after the manure is generated.

[0079] The manure environmental utilization analysis module is used to calculate the manure resource utilization index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, calculate the environmental risk index based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, and calculate the fermentation suitability index based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters. The physical characteristic parameters include manure humidity and manure temperature.

[0080] Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure resource utilization index is calculated, and the formula for calculating the manure resource utilization index is:

[0081]

[0082] Where ZY is the manure resource utilization index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, R is the microbial activity, and C is the carbon content of manure.

[0083] The manure resource utilization index is used to illustrate the resource utilization potential of manure. The higher the value, the greater the resource utilization potential of manure, the higher the resource utilization efficiency, and the manure is more suitable for direct treatment as fertilizer or compost.

[0084] Nitrogen is the core nutrient for plant growth and plays a decisive role in the resource utilization of manure (such as promoting crop growth and increasing yield). A higher nitrogen content will significantly increase the fertilizer efficiency and utilization potential of manure. Therefore, N is proportional to the manure resource utilization index ZY, using the square form N 2 This is to reflect the nonlinear effect of nitrogen content on the value of resource utilization. A higher nitrogen content will significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency and utilization potential of manure. The square form amplifies the contribution of nitrogen content and highlights the importance of high-quality manure (high nitrogen content).

[0085] The linear effect of OM in the formula reflects its importance in resource utilization, but it is not as significant as the contribution of nitrogen content. No exponential or square form is used, which reflects the dominant role of nitrogen in short-term fertilizer efficiency, while organic matter has more long-term improvement effects.

[0086] When the microbial activity R increases, the influence of the factor (1+R) on the overall index significantly increases, indicating that high microbial activity can enhance the efficiency of manure resource utilization and is therefore proportional to the manure resource utilization index.

[0087] High carbon content in manure (especially non-effective carbon) may inhibit resource utilization efficiency. Excessive carbon content may cause microbial competition for nitrogen resources, inhibit organic matter decomposition and effective nutrient release. High carbon may lead to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio and affect fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the carbon content C of manure is inversely proportional to the manure resource utilization index. When C increases, the square term of the denominator (1+C) 2 The rapid increase and significant reduction of ZY reflect the inhibitory effect of high carbon content on resource utilization efficiency.

[0088] Based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated, and the formula for calculating the environmental risk index is:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, HX is the environmental risk index, NH3 is the ammonia concentration, H2S is the hydrogen sulfide concentration, HR is moi It indicates the humidity of manure, and PH indicates the pH value of manure.

[0091] The environmental risk index HX is used to comprehensively consider the gases and environmental humidity generated by manure and sewage, reflecting the impact of using manure and sewage directly as organic fertilizer on the environment. The larger the environmental risk index HX, the more serious the pollution to the environment, and the less suitable it is for use as organic fertilizer.

[0092] Ammonia concentration NH3 and hydrogen sulfide concentration H2S are the main pollutants in manure treatment. The volatilization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide can cause serious air pollution, especially odor problems. High concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are harmful to human health and can cause respiratory irritation or even poisoning. Volatile sulfur and nitrogen compounds contribute greatly to the acidification of the surrounding environment and water pollution. Therefore, the greater the ammonia concentration NH3 and hydrogen sulfide concentration H2S, the greater the impact on the environment. Therefore, it is proportional to the environmental risk index HX, indicating that the manure is less suitable for direct use as organic fertilizer. Direct use of concentration values ​​may result in excessive numerical differences, while the logarithmic function can smooth the order of magnitude differences in concentrations, making the changes in indicators more balanced at high and low concentrations.

[0093] Manure humidity HR moi Too high or too low humidity will affect the activity of microorganisms in manure, thereby changing the decomposition rate of organic matter and the release rate of pollutants. When the humidity is high, the release of volatile gases (such as NH3 and H2S) may be higher, increasing air pollution. At the same time, too high humidity may cause manure to liquefy, aggravating the pollution of soil and water bodies. Therefore, the higher the humidity, the more serious the pollution to the environment. Therefore, it is proportional to the environmental risk index HX and should not be used directly as an organic fertilizer.

[0094] Under neutral conditions, the release of volatile gases and the activity of microorganisms are most balanced, and the environmental risk is low. When the pH value is greater than 7, it means that the manure is acidic and has a greater impact on the land. At the same time, the exponential function shows that the greater the difference, the more serious the impact on the environment. Therefore, the smaller 1+e(PH-7), the The larger it is, the inversely proportional to the environmental risk index HX.

[0095] Based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the fermentation suitability index is:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, SY is the fermentation suitability index, CH4 is the methane concentration, T is the manure temperature, and T for It is the reference temperature for fermentation.

[0098] The fermentation suitability index comprehensively considers environmental factors such as humidity and temperature, and combines methane concentration and ammonia concentration to characterize the degree of suitability of manure for fermentation. The larger the value, the more suitable the manure is for fermentation.

[0099] Humidity is a key parameter that affects the fermentation process of manure. Too low humidity will inhibit microbial activity and lead to reduced fermentation efficiency. High organic matter content can increase the production of methane and other combustible gases. Therefore, humidity and organic matter content are directly proportional to the fermentation suitability index. The higher the value, the more suitable the manure is for fermentation.

[0100] The product of humidity and organic matter reflects their synergistic effect, but using the product may cause the result to deviate from reality, especially when one parameter is abnormal (such as excessive humidity or extremely high organic matter content). Using the cube root can smooth out such extreme values ​​and avoid exponential distortion caused by a single parameter being too large or too small, while retaining the core characteristics of the interaction between the two.

[0101] Ammonia is an important by-product produced during the decomposition of organic matter. An appropriate amount of ammonia is the result of microbial metabolic activity and can reflect whether the fermentation process is normal. Methane is the main target product of anaerobic fermentation, and its concentration can directly reflect the efficiency and state of the fermentation process. A high methane concentration indicates that the anaerobic conditions are good and the fermentation process is sufficient. Therefore, the concentrations of ammonia and methane can reflect the degree of fermentation. Therefore, the concentrations of ammonia and methane are proportional to the fermentation suitability index. The larger the value, the more suitable the manure is for fermentation.

[0102] Temperature is the core parameter in the fermentation process. The difference between the temperature and the reference temperature indicates the degree to which the actual temperature deviates from the optimal fermentation temperature. The smaller the value, the more suitable the fermentation conditions. When the value is larger, the fermentation suitability will be significantly reduced. Therefore, TT for Inversely proportional to SY, the fermentation reference temperature is set by referring to relevant materials.

[0103] The manure utilization method judgment module is used to generate a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, and compare the manure utilization judgment coefficient with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged.

[0104] According to the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, the manure utilization judgment coefficient of dairy cows is jointly generated. The formula for calculating the manure utilization judgment coefficient of dairy cows is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Wherein, ZH is the judgment coefficient of dairy cow manure utilization, FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, ZY is the manure resource utilization index, SY is the fermentation suitability index, HX is the environmental risk index, ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4 are the weight coefficients of the environmental risk index, manure fertilizer efficiency index, manure resource utilization index and fermentation suitability index respectively;

[0107] The dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient ZH comprehensively considers the manure resource utilization index, fermentation suitability index, environmental risk index and fermentation suitability index, and is used to judge the suitability of manure utilization. The larger the value, the greater the probability that the manure can be directly used as organic fertilizer.

[0108] Among them, the larger the manure resource utilization index, fermentation suitability index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, the higher the utilization rate of manure, and therefore it is directly proportional to ZH. The larger the environmental risk index, the greater the pollution to the environment, and therefore it is inversely proportional to ZH.

[0109] Among them, through FX 2 The square form indicates the significant effect of manure fertilizer efficiency index on ZH. The square root method is used to reduce the effect of fermentation suitability index on ZH. Finally, the exponential form is used to Characterize the important effects of environmental pollution.

[0110] At the same time, as we are now committed to sustainable development, the impact of environmental pollution should be given priority consideration to achieve green development. Therefore, the weight coefficient of the environmental risk index is set to the maximum. In addition, the manure fertilizer efficiency index represents the nutrients in manure. The larger it is, the more it can be used as fertilizer. In addition, the manure resource utilization index is compared with the fermentation suitability index to more directly reflect the utilization value of manure. Therefore, ω1>ω2>ω3>ω4 is set, and ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4 are all greater than 0.

[0111] The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold, and the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged according to different comparison results. The logic for judging the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is as follows:

[0112] When ZH≥1.0*yz, it is judged as high-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for use as organic fertilizer;

[0113] When 0.4*yz≤ZH<1.0*yz, it is judged as medium-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for biogas fermentation;

[0114] When 0≤ZH<0.4*yz, it is judged as low-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for composting and soil improvement:

[0115] Where yz is the pre-set manure utilization judgment threshold.

[0116] See also Figure 2 The present invention also provides a method for monitoring and utilizing the manure of large-scale dairy cows. The method is used to control the above-mentioned monitoring and utilizing management system for manure of large-scale dairy cows. The specific steps include:

[0117] Step 1: Divide the dairy cow manure to be managed into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure samples, sample each dairy cow manure sample, obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, pre-process the obtained parameters, and obtain the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample;

[0118] Step 2: Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration, and the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity;

[0119] Step 3: Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure resource utilization index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters, the chemical characteristic parameters and the biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated, and the physical characteristic parameters include manure humidity and manure temperature;

[0120] Step 4: Based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is jointly generated. The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is determined.

[0121] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0122] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0123] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0124] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system, characterized in that: Specifically include: The manure characteristic parameter extraction module is used to divide the manure of the dairy cows to be managed into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure samples, sample each dairy cow manure sample, obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, pre-process the obtained parameters, and obtain the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample; A manure fertilizer efficiency analysis module is used to calculate the manure fertilizer efficiency index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration, and the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity; The manure environmental protection utilization analysis module is used to calculate the manure resource utilization index based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, calculate the environmental risk index based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, and calculate the fermentation suitability index based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, wherein the physical characteristic parameters include manure humidity and manure temperature; The manure utilization method judgment module is used to generate a dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, and compare the manure utilization judgment coefficient with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged.

2. A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dairy cow manure and sewage to be managed are divided into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure and sewage samples, wherein the dairy cow manure and sewage to be managed are divided into m dairy cow manure and sewage samples in equal volumes, and each dairy cow manure and sewage sample is mixed evenly before sampling to obtain the physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure and sewage sample, and the obtained parameters are preprocessed, and the preprocessing includes dimension removal and data cleaning, removing parameter units and deleting abnormal data.

3. A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the manure fertilizer efficiency index is: In the formula, FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, P is the phosphorus content of manure, K is the potassium content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, and α is the influence coefficient of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency. The specific formula for calculating the influence coefficient α of organic matter on fertilizer efficiency is: In the formula, R is the microbial activity, C is the carbon content of manure, and CN opt is the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio, where the microbial activity is characterized by the microbial respiration rate, based on the formula: Where Δt is the time interval, ΔCO2 is the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the cow manure sample during the time interval Δt, and V is the volume of each cow manure sample.

4. The system for monitoring and utilizing large-scale dairy cow excrement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, the manure resource utilization index is calculated, and the formula for calculating the manure resource utilization index is: Where ZY is the manure resource utilization index, N is the nitrogen content of manure, OM is the organic matter content, R is the microbial activity, and C is the carbon content of manure.

5. A large-scale dairy cow manure monitoring and utilization management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated, and the formula for calculating the environmental risk index is: In the formula, HX is the environmental risk index, NH3 is the ammonia concentration, H2S is the hydrogen sulfide concentration, HR is moi It indicates the humidity of manure, and PH indicates the pH value of manure; Based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated, wherein the formula for calculating the fermentation suitability index is: In the formula, SY is the fermentation suitability index, CH4 is the methane concentration, T is the manure temperature, and T for It is the reference temperature for fermentation.

6. The system for monitoring and utilizing large-scale dairy cow excrement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: According to the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, the manure utilization judgment coefficient of dairy cows is jointly generated. The formula for calculating the manure utilization judgment coefficient of dairy cows is as follows: Wherein, ZH is the judgment coefficient of dairy cow manure utilization, FX is the manure fertilizer efficiency index, ZY is the manure resource utilization index, SY is the fermentation suitability index, HX is the environmental risk index, ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4 are the weight coefficients of the environmental risk index, manure fertilizer efficiency index, manure resource utilization index and fermentation suitability index respectively; The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold, and the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged according to different comparison results. The logic for judging the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is as follows: When ZH≥1.0*yz, it is judged as high-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for use as organic fertilizer; When 0.4*yz≤ZH<1.0*yz, it is judged as medium-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for biogas fermentation; When 0≤ZH<0.4*yz, it is judged as low-quality manure, which means that the manure is suitable for composting and soil improvement; Where yz is the pre-set manure utilization judgment threshold.

7. A method for monitoring, utilizing and managing dairy cow manure in large-scale farming, characterized by: The method for monitoring and utilizing the excrement of large-scale dairy cows is used to control the monitoring and utilizing management system of large-scale dairy cows according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the specific steps include: Divide the dairy cow manure to be managed into equal volumes to obtain a number of dairy cow manure samples, sample each dairy cow manure sample, obtain physical parameters, chemical parameters and biological parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample, pre-process the obtained parameters, and obtain physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample; Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, the manure fertilizer efficiency index is calculated, wherein the chemical characteristic parameters include manure nitrogen content, manure phosphorus content, manure potassium content, manure carbon content, manure pH value, ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and methane concentration, and the biological characteristic parameters include organic matter content and microbial activity; Based on the chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters corresponding to each dairy cow manure sample obtained, the manure resource utilization index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters and chemical characteristic parameters, the environmental risk index is calculated; based on the physical characteristic parameters, chemical characteristic parameters and biological characteristic parameters, the fermentation suitability index is calculated, and the physical characteristic parameters include manure humidity and manure temperature; Based on the obtained environmental risk index, combined with the fermentation suitability index, manure resource utilization index and manure fertilizer efficiency index, the dairy cow manure utilization judgment coefficient is jointly generated. The manure utilization judgment coefficient is compared with the set manure utilization judgment threshold. According to different comparison results, the specific utilization method of each dairy cow manure sample is judged.

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