Satellite remote sensing image-based ditch cleaning information analysis method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a ditch cleaning information analysis method based on a satellite remote sensing map, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring a remote sensing image of a survey area, extracting river channel ditch cleaning displayed in a satellite image map by using an ArcGIS reclassification method, and obtaining ditch cleaning information in a river channel, so that the problem of monitoring an unexpected situation is solved; the ditch cleaning information can be rapidly and accurately extracted under the large spatial scale. The method is high in safety, effectively overcomes the defects of a traditional monitoring means, greatly reduces the input cost of implementation, improves the comprehensiveness, accuracy and efficiency of ice flood monitoring, and provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and reduction decisions. The invention further discloses application of the method in Yellow River ditch cleaning information extraction and ice evolution analysis, a new thought and method are provided for exploration of Yellow River ice evolution rules and mechanisms, prevention and control of the ice flood are achieved from the source, and harm caused by the ice flood of the Yellow River is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ice flood monitoring, and in particular relates to a ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images and its application. Background Art

[0002] Due to the water blocking effect of river ice during the ice flood period and the combined influence of complex river conditions, the flood level during the ice flood period is even higher than the flood level during the flood season at the same flow rate. If the flood level during the ice flood period is too high and threatens the safety of the levee and causes a levee breach, the rapid release of water storage in the river channel in a short period of time will have a very serious destructive effect on the coastal facilities, seriously threatening the safety of life and property of residents along the coast. Ditch clearing usually refers to the process of reopening the river channel due to the melting of ice in the river due to rising temperatures. Accurate monitoring of river ditch clearing information can effectively realize ice flood risk warning. Existing monitoring methods often use manual observation, hydrological station monitoring, etc. Manual observation will be time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially in extreme weather, with poor safety and timeliness, and the data may not be comprehensive and continuous; hydrological station monitoring will have high construction and maintenance costs, and the distribution density of monitoring stations may not be enough to fully cover high-risk areas for ice floods.

[0003] In view of this, a new technical solution is needed to realize ice flood monitoring efficiently and accurately. In addition, since the ice flood of the Yellow River is the most serious and lacks effective monitoring methods, it is necessary to provide an ice flood monitoring method suitable for the Yellow River, which will be of great significance to the economic and social stability and sustainable and healthy development of the Yellow River region. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and application of ditch clearing information analysis based on satellite remote sensing images in order to overcome the deficiencies in existing ice flood monitoring technologies. The method obtains remote sensing images of the survey area, extracts the river channel clearing shown in the satellite image map using ArcGIS reclassification methods, and obtains the ditch clearing information in the river channel. In addition, by acquiring remote sensing images for many years, combined with information such as flow and / or water level and / or flow velocity and / or wind force and / or air temperature and / or water temperature and / or rain and snow influence and / or geographical location and / or river channel direction and / or boundary conditions and / or engineering influence, the exploration of the evolution laws and mechanisms of ice floods can be achieved. In addition, the scheme is particularly suitable for ice flood monitoring of the Yellow River, with high monitoring accuracy, safety and convenience, and provides a new scheme for ice flood monitoring of the Yellow River.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The method for analyzing ditch clearing information based on satellite remote sensing images is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Download satellite remote sensing images of the survey area;

[0008] S2: Extract river channel satellite remote sensing images:

[0009] In ArcGIS software, use the mosaic tool to mosaic two or more satellite remote sensing images into one satellite remote sensing image, use the extract by mask tool to extract the satellite remote sensing image within the river range, and use the reclassification tool to define the color classification of the satellite remote sensing image within the river range;

[0010] S3: Convert satellite remote sensing images to vector images:

[0011] Use the raster-to-polygon tool in ArcGIS to convert raster elements within the river channel into vector element surfaces;

[0012] S4: ditch clearing map smoothing;

[0013] S5: Ditch cleaning information extraction and analysis:

[0014] The extracted ditch clearing map is processed into data to obtain ditch clearing information.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] The ditch clearing information in step S5 includes the number, location, length and area of ​​the ditch clearing.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0018] In step S4, the ditch edge is transformed from a jagged edge to a smooth edge by using the smoothing tool in ArcGIS software.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0020] The satellite remote sensing images of the survey area downloaded in step S1 are multi-year images, which are used to obtain multi-year ditch clearing information and explore the evolution law of ice conditions in river sections.

[0021] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0022] It also includes: establishing the relationship between multi-year ditch clearing information and flow and / or water level and / or flow velocity and / or wind force and / or air temperature and / or water temperature and / or rain and snow influence and / or geographical location and / or river direction and / or boundary conditions and / or engineering influence, so as to explore the evolution mechanism of ice conditions in river sections.

[0023] The present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images in ditch clearing information analysis.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for extracting ditch clearing information of the Yellow River, which is characterized by adopting the above-mentioned ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images.

[0025] The present invention provides a method for analyzing the evolution of ice conditions in the Yellow River, which is characterized by adopting the above-mentioned ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images.

[0026] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The present invention solves the problem of ice monitoring by combining remote sensing with ArcGIS software, and realizes the rapid and accurate extraction of ditch clearing information at a large spatial scale. It not only optimizes the method of patrol, investigation and ditch clearing by patrol teams during the ice flood season, greatly shortens patrol time and energy, but also provides reliable support for the establishment of integrated "air-ground-ground" emergency monitoring.

[0028] 2. The method proposed in the present invention has significant advantages. Its simple and easy-to-use characteristics make it unnecessary to rely on complex tools and equipment, thereby greatly reducing the implementation cost. In addition, the method is highly safe. Since technicians do not need to arrive at the site, it also reduces the safety risks in extreme weather or dangerous environments, effectively making up for the shortcomings of traditional monitoring methods, improving the comprehensiveness, accuracy and efficiency of ice flood monitoring, and providing a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation decisions.

[0029] 3. Based on a specific practical problem, namely the difficulty in monitoring ice conditions, the present invention proposes a targeted solution, namely the combination of remote sensing and ArcGIS software, which embodies the characteristics of both innovation and practicality. This initiative is the first of its kind in the industry, providing new ideas and directions for related fields, and is expected to show important value in a wide range of applications.

[0030] 4. The present invention has been successfully applied in the Yellow River Basin, and the ditch clearing information obtained by the present invention can be combined with hydrological, meteorological and other data to explore the evolution laws and mechanisms of ice conditions, so as to achieve ice flood prevention and control from the source and avoid harm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is the satellite ditch clearing map of the Ningmeng River section in the present invention on February 7, 2023;

[0032] Figure 2 This is the ditch clearing map of the Ningmeng River section in the present invention on February 7, 2023;

[0033] Figure 3 This is the ice situation map of the Ningmeng River section on February 7, 2023. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] The present invention provides a technical solution: a ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images, the method comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1: Download satellite remote sensing images of the survey area:

[0037] During monitoring, first select satellite remote sensing images of corresponding resolution according to needs. When selecting, it is necessary to consider the requirements for ditch clearing extraction accuracy and the computing speed of computer hardware suitable for processing satellite remote sensing images. On this basis, preview the satellite remote sensing images of the selected date in advance, exclude the satellite remote sensing images that are blocked by clouds or cannot completely cover the search area, select the satellite remote sensing images that are suitable for research needs, and download the tiff files of the satellite remote sensing images for use in extracting river ditch clearing research.

[0038] S2: Extract river channel satellite remote sensing images:

[0039] The downloaded satellite remote sensing images were added to ArcGIS software, and the mosaic tool was used to organize the satellite remote sensing images into one image. The principle of the same time period was followed when organizing, that is, the remote sensing images of the same time were mosaicked. The extraction by mask tool was used to extract the satellite remote sensing images within the river range, and the reclassification tool was used to define the color classification of the satellite remote sensing images within the river range.

[0040] S3: Convert satellite remote sensing images to vector images:

[0041] Satellite remote sensing images are a form of raster data. To facilitate processing and analysis, raster data must be converted into vector data before extracting ditch clearing information. The raster to polygon tool in ArcGIS is used to convert raster elements within the river channel into vector element surfaces.

[0042] S4: Smoothing of ditch clearing map:

[0043] In order to better display the ditch clearing information, the ditch clearing edge was transformed from a jagged edge to a smooth edge using the smoothing tool in ArcGIS software.

[0044] S5: Ditch cleaning information extraction and analysis:

[0045] The extracted ditch clearing map is processed into data to obtain ditch clearing information.

[0046] By downloading remote sensing satellite impact data and importing it into ArcGIS software for processing, we can quickly and accurately extract ditch clearing information on a large spatial scale. This not only optimizes the patrol team's methods of surveying, investigating and clearing ditches during the ice flood season, greatly shortening patrol time and energy, but also provides reliable support for the establishment of integrated "air-ground-ground" emergency monitoring.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the ditch clearing information in step S5 includes the number, location, length and area of ​​the ditch clearing.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the satellite remote sensing images of the survey area downloaded in step S1 are multi-year images, so as to obtain multi-year ditch clearing information and explore the evolution law of ice conditions in the river section. When processing, images of different years and different time nodes are processed separately, and by comparing the final ditch clearing information, the evolution law of ice conditions in the river section is studied and analyzed.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the relationship between multi-year ditch clearing information and flow and / or water level and / or flow velocity and / or wind force and / or air temperature and / or water temperature and / or rain and snow influence and / or geographical location and / or river direction and / or boundary conditions and / or engineering influence is established to explore the evolution mechanism of river section ice conditions. That is, by obtaining ditch clearing information from different years and combining it with other relevant information at the same time, the evolution mechanism of river section ice conditions can be analyzed and studied, and its formation and control mechanism can be explored to prevent and control ice floods from the source and avoid harm.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, remote sensing images can also be acquired by using a drone equipped with hyperspectral remote sensing, and then the remote sensing images acquired by the drone can be processed to better ensure timeliness, achieve real-time monitoring, and avoid the need to consider excluding images blocked by clouds when downloading images.

[0051] The present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images in ditch clearing information analysis. That is, the purpose of the method is to realize ditch clearing information analysis to solve the problem that the prior art does not use remote sensing information combined with ArcGIS software to realize fast, accurate, convenient and safe completion of ditch clearing information extraction at a large spatial scale.

[0052] The present invention provides a method for extracting ditch clearing information of the Yellow River, which adopts the above-mentioned ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images. By downloading remote sensing images and extracting and analyzing them through ArcGIS, ditch clearing information is obtained, and the obtained ditch clearing information includes the number, location, length and area of ​​ditch clearing, etc. The information obtained can be one-time, multiple times or for many years, and on this basis, the evolution law of the ice situation of the Yellow River can be analyzed.

[0053] By combining the relationship between the long-term ditch clearing information in the study area and the flow and / or water level and / or flow velocity and / or wind force and / or air temperature and / or water temperature and / or rain and snow influence and / or geographical location and / or river direction and / or boundary conditions and / or engineering influence, it is also possible to analyze the evolution mechanism of the Yellow River ice situation and take measures to control the ice flood hazards from the source.

[0054] The above method provides a new idea for monitoring the ice flood of the Yellow River, which can achieve large-scale monitoring and ensure timeliness and continuity. Since technicians do not need to arrive at the site, it also reduces the safety risks in extreme weather or dangerous environments, effectively makes up for the shortcomings of traditional monitoring methods, improves the comprehensiveness, accuracy and efficiency of ice flood monitoring, and provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation decision-making.

[0055] Specific experimental example:

[0056] See also Figure 1-3 , taking the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River as an example to carry out investigation and research, the specific steps are as follows:

[0057] S1: Download satellite remote sensing images of the survey area

[0058] Download the satellite remote sensing image data of the Ningmeng section of the Yellow River on February 7, 2023 from the land observation satellite data service website, select the satellite remote sensing image suitable for the research needs, and download the tiff file of the satellite remote sensing image for use in river channel clearing research.

[0059] S2: Extracting river channel satellite remote sensing images

[0060] Add the downloaded satellite remote sensing images to ArcGIS software, and use the mosaic tool to organize the segmented satellite remote sensing images into one image; add the river boundary shp file of the Ningmeng River section of the Yellow River to ArcGIS software; use the mask extraction tool to extract the satellite remote sensing images within the river channel; use the reclassification tool to define the color classification of the satellite remote sensing images within the river channel, classify the satellite remote sensing image data according to different surface markers, and use the classified satellite remote sensing images to extract ditch clearing information.

[0061] S3: Convert satellite remote sensing images to vector images

[0062] Use the raster-to-polygon tool in ArcGIS software to convert the raster elements within the river channel into vector element surfaces.

[0063] S4: Ditch cleaning map smoothing

[0064] The smoothing tool in ArcGIS software was used to transform the ditch edge from a jagged edge to a smooth edge.

[0065] S5: Ditch cleaning information extraction and analysis

[0066] The extracted ditch clearing map was processed digitally to obtain the number, location, length and area of ​​ditch clearing in the Ningmeng River section of the Yellow River on February 7, 2023. The specific data is shown in Table 1:

[0067] Table 1 Extraction of ditch clearing information of the Ningmeng section of the Yellow River on February 7, 2023 using ArcGIS software

[0068]

[0069]

[0070]

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] S6: Analysis of ditch cleaning and extraction results

[0074] According to the satellite remote sensing image on February 7, 2023, a total of 174 ditch clearing sites in the Ningmeng section of the Yellow River were screened, with a total clearing area of ​​18.264km 2 , the maximum ditch clearing area is 1.419km 2 Located near the basic water level section of Shizuishan Hydrological Station; the total length of the ditch is 169.78km, and the longest ditch of 6.579km is located near the basic water level section of Shizuishan. From the results of the analysis, the locations where the ditch is generated are mainly concentrated near the river bends and bridges.

[0075] S7: Error analysis of ditch clearing extracted by satellite remote sensing

[0076] In order to verify the rationality of the ditch clearing information extracted from the satellite image on February 7, 2023 using ArcGIS software, the five hydrological stations from Shizuishan to Toudaoguai in the Ningmeng River section of the Yellow River used ground measuring instruments to measure the ditch clearing length of the section. A total of 12 sets of comparative data were measured. The specific measurement results are compared in Table 2.

[0077] Table 2 Comparison of ditch clearing information extracted by satellite remote sensing and actual measured ditch clearing information

[0078]

[0079] From Table 2, the relative error between the ditch clearing length extracted by satellite remote sensing and the 12 sets of data measured manually on the ground is less than 5%. From the results of error analysis and comparison, it is proved that the ditch clearing information extracted by GIS software is more accurate and the method is feasible.

[0080] In the present invention, ArcGIS software is used to extract the vector boundary of the river channel ditch, and the river channel ditch is digitized after extraction to determine the geographical location, length, width and area of ​​the river channel ditch. The length, width and location information of the ditch are measured by ground flow measuring instruments for comparison and verification. The main conclusions are as follows:

[0081] (1) From 2021 to 2023, the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Bureau has completed five phases of ditch clearing extraction and analysis work using ArcGIS software and the global positioning system. The ditch clearing location and length information extracted from satellite remote sensing images were compared and verified with the actual measured ditch clearing location and length information. The relative errors of the 12 sets of comparative data measured by the two methods were less than 5%, proving that the ditch clearing information extracted using ArcGIS software is more accurate.

[0082] (2) After the system was put into use, it was able to quickly and accurately extract ditch clearing data information on a large spatial scale. It not only optimized the methods of ditch clearing inspection and investigation by the inspection team during the ice flood season, greatly shortened the inspection time and energy, but also provided reliable support for the establishment of integrated "air-ground-ground" emergency monitoring.

[0083] (3) The system will continue to use ArcGIS software to extract ditch clearing information from satellite remote sensing historical images of the Ningmeng section of the Yellow River, and use a long series of ditch clearing information data to explore the development and change process of ditch clearing and river section ice conditions, and analyze its relationship with flow and water level, flow velocity, wind force, air temperature and water temperature, rain and snow influence, geographical location, river direction, boundary conditions, and engineering influence, and conduct a deeper study on the evolution law of ice conditions in the Ningmeng section of the Yellow River. In this way, the evolution law and mechanism of ice conditions can be determined, and the damage of ice floods can be controlled at the source.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Download satellite remote sensing images of the survey area; S2: Extract river channel satellite remote sensing images: In ArcGIS software, use the mosaic tool to mosaic two or more satellite remote sensing images into one satellite remote sensing image, use the extract by mask tool to extract the satellite remote sensing image within the river range, and use the reclassification tool to define the color classification of the satellite remote sensing image within the river range; S3: Convert satellite remote sensing images to vector images: Use the raster-to-polygon tool in ArcGIS to convert raster elements within the river channel into vector element surfaces; S4: ditch clearing map smoothing; S5: Ditch cleaning information extraction and analysis: The extracted ditch clearing map is processed into data to obtain ditch clearing information.

2. The ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ditch clearing information in step S5 includes the number, location, length and area of ​​the ditch clearing.

3. The ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the ditch edge is transformed from a jagged edge to a smooth edge by using the smoothing tool in ArcGIS software.

4. The ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images according to claim 2, characterized in that: The satellite remote sensing images of the survey area downloaded in step S1 are multi-year images, which are used to obtain multi-year ditch clearing information and explore the evolution law of ice conditions in river sections.

5. The ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: Establish the relationship between multi-year ditch clearing information and flow and / or water level and / or flow velocity and / or wind force and / or air temperature and / or water temperature and / or rain and snow influence and / or geographical location and / or river direction and / or boundary conditions and / or engineering influence, so as to explore the evolution mechanism of ice conditions in river sections.

6. Application of the ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 in ditch clearing information analysis.

7. A method for extracting Yellow River ditch clearing information, characterized in that: The ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted.

8. A method for analyzing the evolution of ice conditions in the Yellow River, characterized by: The ditch clearing information analysis method based on satellite remote sensing images as described in any one of claims 4-5 is adopted.

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