Fault warning protection device and control method for fuse

Abstract

This application provides a fault warning and protection device and control method for a fuse. The device includes: a sensing unit for detecting fuse status data, wherein the status data includes one or more of temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, and current; a controller, communicatively connected to the sensing unit, for determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data; and an alarm device, communicatively connected to the controller, for sounding an alarm in the event of a fuse abnormality. This solution addresses the low efficiency of manual inspection of fuses in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuse monitoring, and in particular to a fuse fault warning protection device, a control method for the fuse fault warning protection device, and a fuse protection system. Background Art

[0002] Traditional 10kV drop-out fuse covers primarily provide physical protection, but are significantly deficient in real-time operating status monitoring and fault warning. Traditional maintenance of 10kV drop-out fuses relies on regular inspections and manual testing, a method that is inefficient and makes it difficult to detect and warn of potential faults in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a fuse fault warning protection device, a control method for the fuse fault warning protection device and a fuse protection system, so as to at least solve the problem of low efficiency of manual inspection of fuses in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, a fault warning and protection device for a fuse is provided, comprising: a sensing unit, for detecting status data of the fuse, wherein the status data comprises one or more of temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, and current; a controller, communicatively connected to the sensing unit, and configured to determine whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data; and an alarm device, communicatively connected to the controller, and configured to alarm when the fuse is abnormal.

[0005] Optionally, the sensing unit includes: a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the contact surface of the fuse tube of the fuse; a vibration sensor for detecting the vibration signal of the fuse; an ultrasonic sensor for detecting the ultrasonic signal of the fuse; and a Rogowski coil for detecting the current at the input end of the fuse.

[0006] Optionally, the fault warning protection device for the fuse further includes: a protective cover for protecting the fuse; and a buckle for fixing the protective cover.

[0007] Optionally, the fault warning protection device of the fuse further includes: a solar panel for supplying power to the fault warning protection device of the fuse; and a lithium battery for supplying power to the fault warning protection device of the fuse.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present application, a control method for a fault warning protection device of any one of the fuses is provided, and the method is applied to the controller of the fault warning protection device of the fuse, and the method also includes: obtaining status data of the fuse, wherein the status data includes one or more of temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, and current; determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data; and if the fuse is abnormal, determining the cause of the abnormality of the fuse.

[0009] Optionally, determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data includes: determining that the fuse is abnormal when a preset condition is met, wherein the preset condition includes one or more of a first preset condition, a second preset condition, a third preset condition and a fourth preset condition, the first preset condition is the condition that the temperature is greater than or equal to a preset temperature threshold, the second preset condition is the condition that the frequency of the vibration signal is greater than or equal to a preset frequency threshold, the third preset condition is the condition that the signal strength of the ultrasonic signal is greater than or equal to a preset strength threshold, and the fourth preset condition is the condition that the change amplitude of the current waveform is greater than or equal to a preset amplitude threshold.

[0010] Optionally, in the case where the fuse is abnormal, determining the cause of the abnormality of the fuse includes: when a fifth preset condition is met, determining that the cause of the abnormality of the fuse is a first cause, wherein the fifth preset condition is that the temperature is greater than or equal to a preset temperature threshold, and the vibration signal is a target vibration signal, and the ultrasonic signal is a target ultrasonic signal, wherein the target vibration signal is a vibration signal generated when the fuse falls, and the target ultrasonic signal is an ultrasonic signal generated when an arc occurs in the fuse, and the first cause is aging of the fuse tube of the fuse; when the fifth preset condition is met, Under the six preset conditions, the cause of the fuse abnormality is determined to be the second cause, wherein the sixth preset condition is that the vibration signal is the target vibration signal and the ultrasonic signal is the target ultrasonic signal, and the second cause is that the fuse tube of the fuse has fallen; when the seventh preset condition is met, the cause of the fuse abnormality is determined to be the third cause, wherein the seventh preset condition is that the current has a sudden change, the vibration signal is the target vibration signal, and the ultrasonic signal is the target ultrasonic signal, and the third cause is that the fuse tube of the fuse is overloaded or broken.

[0011] Optionally, after determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data, the method further includes: controlling the alarm device to sound an alarm if the fuse is abnormal.

[0012] Optionally, the fault warning protection device of the fuse further includes a solar panel and a lithium battery, the solar panel is used to power the fault warning protection device of the fuse; the lithium battery is used to power the fault warning protection device of the fuse. Before obtaining the status data of the fuse, the method further includes: obtaining the current light intensity; when the light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light intensity, using the solar panel for power supply; when the light intensity is less than the preset light intensity, using the lithium battery for power supply.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, a fuse protection system is provided, which includes: a fault warning protection device, which is a fault warning protection device of any one of the fuses; a control device, which is communicatively connected to the fault warning protection device, and is used to execute a control method of the fault warning protection device of any one of the fuses.

[0014] By applying the technical solution of the present application, a device for detecting fuses is designed, which can collect data related to the status of the fuses. The fuses can be inspected through these data. In the event of an abnormality in the fuse, an immediate alarm will be issued to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take timely measures. There is no need for staff to conduct manual inspections, thereby improving the efficiency of inspections. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings that constitute part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 Shows a schematic structural diagram of a fuse fault warning protection device;

[0017] Figure 2 A hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for executing a control method of a fuse fault warning protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0018] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for controlling a fuse fault warning protection device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0019] Figure 4 The logical diagram of this scheme is shown;

[0020] Figure 5 A structural block diagram of a control device of a fuse fault warning protection device provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0021] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0022] 102. Processor; 104. Memory; 106. Transmission equipment; 108. Input / output equipment; 10. Fuse; 11. Controller; 12. Alarm equipment; 13. Temperature sensor; 14. Vibration sensor; 15. Ultrasonic sensor; 16. Rogowski coil; 17. Protective cover; 18. Buckle; 19. Power supply equipment; 20. Lower terminal of fuse; 21. Insulating porcelain bottle; 22. Fixed terminal; 23. Bluetooth device; 24. NB-IOT Internet of Things device; 25. Temperature and humidity sensor; 26. Transmission cable; 27. Contact on fuse tube; 28. Fuse tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0024] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0026] When a fault actually occurs, the lack of real-time fault data support makes it difficult to quickly and accurately determine the type and cause of the fault, which poses a great challenge to subsequent troubleshooting and repair work. Although there are some devices in the existing technology that can monitor certain states of fuses, such as temperature and current, these devices often have single functions and lack a comprehensive solution for real-time monitoring, fault warning and protection functions for the working status of drop-out fuses. This limitation poses a great risk in ensuring the safe and stable operation of 10kV drop-out fuses. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a device that can monitor the working status of fuses in real time, warn of potential faults and provide comprehensive protection functions.

[0027] As introduced in the background technology, the manual inspection method of fuses in the prior art is inefficient. To solve the problem, the embodiments of the present application provide a fuse fault warning protection device, a control method for the fuse fault warning protection device, and a fuse protection system.

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] The present application provides a fuse fault warning protection device, such as Figure 1 Shown, including:

[0030] A sensing unit, configured to detect status data of the fuse 10, wherein the status data includes one or more of temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, and current;

[0031] A controller 11 is in communication with the sensing unit, and is configured to determine whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data;

[0032] The alarm device 12 is in communication with the controller and is used to sound an alarm when the fuse is abnormal.

[0033] Through this embodiment, a device for detecting fuses is designed, which can collect data related to the status of the fuses. The fuses can be inspected based on this data. In the event of an abnormality in the fuse, an immediate alarm will be issued to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take timely measures. Manual inspections by staff are no longer required, thereby improving the efficiency of inspections.

[0034] Specifically, the fuse may be a 10 kV drop-out type fuse.

[0035] Specifically, the alarm device is installed at the lower end of the 10kV drop-out fuse fault warning protection device, and is used to monitor the flashing light and beeping sound when a drop-out fuse fails to attract the attention of the operator.

[0036] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the sensing unit includes a temperature sensor 13, a vibration sensor 14, an ultrasonic sensor 15 and a Rogowski coil 16 (open-type Rogowski coil current transformer). The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the contact surface of the fuse tube of the fuse; the vibration sensor is used to detect the vibration signal of the fuse; the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the ultrasonic signal of the fuse; and the Rogowski coil is used to detect the current at the input end of the fuse.

[0037] This solution integrates multiple sensors to monitor the operating status of fuses in real time, including key parameters such as temperature, vibration, ultrasound, and current. Upon detecting an anomaly, such as contact overheating, arcing, or sudden current changes, the system immediately issues an alert, enabling operators to take timely action to prevent the occurrence or spread of the fault. Data collection and analysis by the sensor units enables remote monitoring and diagnosis, reducing the frequency and workload of manual inspections while providing accurate fault information and supporting intelligent maintenance decision-making.

[0038] Specifically, the temperature sensor is used to monitor changes in the surface temperature of the contacts on the fuse tube of a drop-out fuse, temperature changes caused by arcing when the fuse tube drops or is re-energized, and continuous temperature changes caused by faults such as partial discharge on the contacts of the fuse tube. The temperature sensor is directly opposite the contacts on the fuse tube. The temperature sensor is used to monitor changes in the temperature of the contacts on the fuse tube, as well as temperature changes caused by arcing near the contacts of the fuse tube when the fuse tube drops. The temperature sensor is designed to detect the surface temperature of the fuse tube contacts. By continuously monitoring the contact temperature, it is possible to promptly detect whether the contacts are overheating due to poor contact or partial discharge. Overheating is a common precursor to fuse failure. Therefore, the temperature sensor can provide early warning of potential faults and avoid fuse tube melting or equipment damage caused by overheating of the contacts.

[0039] Specifically, vibration sensors are used to monitor vibration signals caused by dropout fuses due to operations such as partial discharge, external force damage, fuse tube tripping and dropping, and fuse re-energization. Vibration sensors detect vibration signals from fuses, particularly those caused by fuse tube tripping and dropping. This sensor can capture vibrations of fuses under abnormal conditions. Combined with data from temperature sensors and ultrasonic sensors, it can accurately determine whether a fuse has automatically tripped due to a fault (such as fuse tube aging) or was affected by external factors (such as human intervention or wind).

[0040] Specifically, ultrasonic sensors are used to monitor ultrasonic signals caused by faults such as arcing caused by tripping and dropping of the fuse element of a drop-out fuse, arcing caused by re-energizing a drop-out fuse, and partial discharge on the fuse element's contacts. Ultrasonic sensors detect ultrasonic signals generated during fuse operation. When arcing or partial discharge occurs within a fuse, it generates high-frequency ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic sensors capture these signals, helping to provide early warning of arcing or partial discharge, thereby preventing further escalation of the fault and ensuring power system safety.

[0041] Specifically, Rogowski coils are used to monitor changes in load current on transmission cables, providing load data for comprehensive fault type determination and power restoration safety verification. A Rogowski coil is a high-precision current sensing device capable of detecting current changes at the fuse input. The output signal of a Rogowski coil is proportional to the rate of change of the current flowing through the coil, making it useful for monitoring transient current changes, such as sudden current fluctuations caused by overloads or short circuits. This is crucial for quickly determining whether a fuse has tripped due to an overload or short circuit.

[0042] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the fault warning protection device of the fuse further includes a protective cover 17 and a buckle 18 (a circular connecting buckle). The protective cover is used to protect the fuse; the buckle is used to fix the protective cover.

[0043] In this solution, the combined use of a protective cover and clip significantly enhances the fuse's protective capabilities. The protective cover isolates the fuse from direct contact with harsh environments, while the clip ensures the cover's stable securement. Together, these features optimize the fuse's operating environment, reduce external interference with normal equipment operation, and enhance the stability and safety of the power system. By effectively isolating the fuse from external environmental hazards, the protective cover helps extend the fuse's service life. It protects the contacts from rain, dust, and other factors, reducing the risk of oxidation, wear, and corrosion. Furthermore, the protective cover reduces ultraviolet damage to the insulation material, extending the duration of insulation performance. The removable design of the protective cover and clip facilitates fuse maintenance and inspection. Maintenance personnel can easily remove the protective cover to inspect, clean, or replace the fuse without disassembling the entire fault warning and protection device, improving maintenance efficiency. The protective cover also provides an additional safety barrier, reducing the risk of electric shock when operators touch the fuse.

[0044] Specifically, the controller is tightly connected to the transparent protective cover through a circular connecting buckle. A through hole is provided inside the circular connecting buckle, and the temperature sensor arranged in the transparent protective cover is connected to the main control board of the controller through the through hole.

[0045] Specifically, a protective cover is an external structure designed to cover and protect the fuse, particularly the fuse tube and its contacts. The cover protects the fuse from external environmental factors such as rain, dust, foreign matter, and ultraviolet light, thereby extending the life of the device. Furthermore, the cover provides some protection, reducing the risk of damage to the fuse caused by external impact or vibration.

[0046] The clip is a connecting device used to securely attach the protective cover to the fuse, ensuring it remains stable under all operating conditions and prevents it from falling due to wind, vibration, or other external forces. The circular clip design ensures a seamless connection between the protective cover and the fuse, while also facilitating installation and removal without affecting the normal operation of the fuse.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned fuse fault warning protection device also includes a power supply device 19.

[0048] In some embodiments, the fault warning protection device of the fuse further includes a solar panel and a lithium battery. The solar panel is used to power the fault warning protection device of the fuse; the lithium battery is used to power the fault warning protection device of the fuse.

[0049] In this solution, the use of solar panels greatly reduces dependence on traditional electricity, reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions, and is in line with the current trend of green energy and sustainable development. This design makes the fault warning and protection device more environmentally friendly, while also reducing operating costs and having obvious economic benefits. The combination of solar panels and lithium batteries enables the fault warning and protection device to have the ability to operate autonomously, no longer restricted by the coverage and power supply stability of the power grid. This means that the device can be deployed in remote areas or locations with difficult access to the power grid, increasing the application scope and flexibility of the early warning and protection system. Combining solar panels and lithium batteries, intelligent power consumption management strategies can be adopted, such as charging the lithium battery when there is sufficient solar energy, switching to lithium battery power supply when there is insufficient light, or putting some modules into sleep mode during non-critical monitoring periods to further reduce power consumption and extend the service life of the lithium battery.

[0050] Specifically, the power supply device includes a solar panel installed on the surface of the fault warning device (controller), a lithium battery installed inside the cavity of the fault warning device, and a power control module, which is used to provide an autonomous power supply for the circuit module of the fault warning device. Ensure that in cases of insufficient solar energy or at night, the lithium battery should be able to automatically switch to the power supply mode to ensure the normal operation of the early warning system. At the same time, the entire circuit module adopts a low-power design, selects low-power sensors and communication modules, and optimizes the power management strategy to ensure that the protective cover can continue to operate stably when powered by solar energy or lithium batteries. A sleep-wake mechanism is used to put the device into sleep mode when real-time monitoring is not required to reduce energy consumption.

[0051] Solar panels are a renewable energy source that converts sunlight into electricity and powers fault warning and protection devices. Under sufficient sunlight, solar panels can provide a continuous power supply, ensuring the normal operation of monitoring and warning systems. Because solar energy is free and virtually unlimited, using solar panels can significantly reduce the operating costs of the device while reducing dependence on the traditional power grid.

[0052] Lithium batteries are high-performance portable energy storage devices that can power fault warning and protection devices when solar panels are unable to provide power (such as at night or on rainy days). Their high energy density and long cycle life allow them to store sufficient energy to meet long-term power supply needs. When the solar panel power supply is insufficient, the lithium battery automatically switches to power supply mode, ensuring uninterrupted system operation.

[0053] Specifically, a 10kV drop-out fuse fault warning protection device of the present application consists of two parts: a transparent protective cover installed on the upper end of the drop-out fuse, and a controller installed on the insulator end of the transparent protective cover.

[0054] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned fuse fault warning protection device may also include a fuse lower terminal 20, an insulating porcelain bottle 21, a fixed end 22 (for connecting to a mounting bracket), a Bluetooth device 23, an NB-IOT Internet of Things device 24, a temperature and humidity sensor 25, a transmission cable 26, a fuse tube upper contact 27, and a fuse tube 28.

[0055] The lower terminal is the interface between the fuse and the transmission cable or other parts of the power system. It allows current to pass through the fuse and also facilitates disconnecting the circuit when maintaining or replacing the fuse.

[0056] The insulating porcelain bottle is an insulator made of ceramic material. It can ensure electrical isolation between the fuse and the mounting bracket or ground to prevent current leakage and short circuit, while providing support to keep the fuse stable in harsh environments.

[0057] The fixing end (used for connecting to the mounting bracket) is used to fix the fault warning protection device of the fuse in a predetermined position. It ensures that the device is stably installed on the power facility and will not move or be damaged by wind, vibration or other external forces.

[0058] The Bluetooth device is used to communicate with a handheld terminal (such as a mobile phone) during the installation process of the 10kV drop-out fuse fault warning and protection device. This device stores necessary information (including on-site latitude and longitude, drop-out fuse specifications and models, installer, installation time, and maintenance time, etc.) on the main control board of the fault warning device (i.e., the controller) for subsequent fault warning and maintenance. The Bluetooth device automatically goes into sleep mode after installation of the 10kV drop-out fuse fault warning and protection device is complete, avoiding power consumption and reducing energy consumption.

[0059] NB-IoT devices use real-time sensor data and multi-sensor fusion algorithms to generate fault warning signals that are then sent to the backend monitoring system. Sensor signals operate in interrupt mode, waking the dormant main control board only when the sensor signal exceeds a certain threshold, thereby reducing power consumption. Furthermore, the fault warning and protection device periodically sends a connection signal (e.g., every 30 minutes) to indicate that the device is operating normally.

[0060] Temperature and humidity sensors monitor the temperature and humidity of the fuse's environment. Abnormal temperature and humidity conditions can affect fuse performance and even cause failure. By continuously monitoring environmental conditions, potential risks can be detected and the fuse can be guaranteed to operate in a suitable environment.

[0061] Transmission cables are the conductors used to transmit electricity in power systems. In this solution, they serve as the connection point between the fault warning and protection device and the power system. Current flows through the transmission cables and enters the fuse. If the current is abnormal, the fault warning and protection device can detect and issue an alert.

[0062] The upper contact of a fuse tube is the part that connects the fuse tube to the fuse and is used for electrical conduction. By monitoring the status of the upper contact (such as temperature and vibration), the working condition of the fuse tube can be judged to determine whether there are problems such as poor contact and partial discharge.

[0063] A fuse is a critical safety component. When an overcurrent flows through it, the fuse element (the fuse) inside the fuse will melt, disconnecting the circuit and preventing damage to the power system due to overload. The status of the fuse (e.g., whether it is blown) is an important indicator of whether the fuse is functioning properly.

[0064] As mentioned above, the traditional 10kV drop-out fuse protection cover only provides physical protection and cannot monitor the working status of the fuse in real time, nor can it issue an early warning when a fault is about to occur. This application integrates multiple sensors and advanced monitoring technologies to monitor the working status of the fuse in real time and issue early warning signals when an abnormality is detected, greatly improving the ability to prevent and handle faults. It can provide comprehensive monitoring and early warning functions, covering multiple aspects such as typical faults of fuse tube contacts, determination of the cause of fuse tube tripping and drop, and power supply and closing safety verification.

[0065] When a fault occurs, due to the lack of real-time fault data, it is difficult for operation and maintenance personnel to accurately determine the cause of the fault, making it difficult to troubleshoot and repair the fault. This application can quickly collect and analyze fault data through real-time monitoring and fault warning, providing operation and maintenance personnel with accurate fault information to help quickly locate and resolve the fault.

[0066] The method embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present application can be executed in a mobile terminal, a computer terminal or a similar computing device. Taking running on a mobile terminal as an example, Figure 2 This is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for a control method of a fuse fault warning protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the mobile terminal may include one or more ( Figure 2 Only one is shown) a processor 102 (the processor 102 may include but is not limited to a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA and other processing devices) and a memory 104 for storing data, wherein the mobile terminal may also include a transmission device 106 and an input and output device 108 for communication functions. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 2 The structure shown is only for illustration and does not limit the structure of the mobile terminal. Figure 2 More or fewer components than shown, or with Figure 2 Different configurations shown.

[0067] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, such as software programs and modules of application software, such as the computer program corresponding to the device information display method in the embodiment of the present invention. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, that is, implementing the above-mentioned method. The memory 104 may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some examples, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the mobile terminal via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned networks include but are not limited to the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof. The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the above-mentioned network may include a wireless network provided by the mobile terminal's communication provider. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, abbreviated as NIC), which can be connected to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In one example, the transmission device 106 may be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0068] In this embodiment, a method for controlling a fault warning protection device of a fuse running on a mobile terminal, a computer terminal or a similar computing device is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0069] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of a control method of a fuse fault warning protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0071] Step S301, obtaining status data of the fuse, wherein the status data includes one or more of temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, and current;

[0072] Specifically, if Figure 4As shown in the figure, the above steps involve the sensing units in the fault warning and protection device, including temperature sensors, vibration sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and Rogowski coils (open-type Rogowski coil current transformers). They monitor the fuse's temperature, vibration, ultrasonic waves, and current changes, respectively. These sensors continuously collect information about the fuse's operating status and send the data to the main control board for analysis and processing.

[0073] By collecting and analyzing multi-dimensional fuse status data in real time, we can fully understand the fuse's operating status and promptly detect any possible abnormal changes. This multi-sensor fusion approach improves the accuracy and timeliness of fault detection, providing early warning of potential faults and preventing them from escalating.

[0074] Step S302: determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data;

[0075] Specifically, after receiving status data, the system analyzes whether the data exceeds normal ranges based on preset fault identification algorithms and thresholds. If the data indicates that the fuse is overheating, vibrating abnormally, experiencing ultrasonic signals (usually indicating arcing), or experiencing sudden current changes, the main control board will determine that the fuse may be in an abnormal state.

[0076] Through anomaly detection based on status data, fuse faults can be accurately identified, avoiding the blindness and inefficiency of manual inspections. This process is automated and can be performed 24 hours a day, greatly improving the reliability and speed of fault detection and facilitating rapid response and resolution of faults.

[0077] Step S303: When the fuse is abnormal, determine the cause of the abnormality of the fuse.

[0078] Once a fuse anomaly is determined, the system further analyzes the specific status data that indicates the anomaly to determine the cause. For example, if the temperature sensor data indicates overheating of the contacts, it may indicate poor contact; if the current suddenly changes, it may be due to an overload or short circuit; and if there is an ultrasonic signal, it may indicate arcing or partial discharge.

[0079] Accurately locating the cause of an anomaly helps operations and maintenance personnel quickly implement targeted maintenance measures, reducing the time and cost of troubleshooting. This data-based analysis also provides a basis for fault prevention. Regular inspections and maintenance can reduce the occurrence of faults, thereby improving the operational efficiency and safety of the power system.

[0080] This embodiment effectively prevents and handles fuse failures, from data collection and anomaly detection to cause analysis, improving the efficiency and reliability of power system operations. This mechanism combines intelligent data analysis with real-time communication technology, providing strong technical support for the healthy operation of power systems.

[0081] Specifically, the above method can be applied to the above controller of the fault warning protection device of the above fuse.

[0082] During the specific implementation process, based on the above-mentioned status data, determining whether the above-mentioned fuse is abnormal can be achieved through the following steps: when the preset conditions are met, determining that the above-mentioned fuse is abnormal, wherein the above-mentioned preset conditions include one or more of the first preset condition, the second preset condition, the third preset condition and the fourth preset condition, the above-mentioned first preset condition is the condition that the above-mentioned temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, the above-mentioned second preset condition is the condition that the frequency of the above-mentioned vibration signal is greater than or equal to the preset frequency threshold, the above-mentioned third preset condition is the condition that the signal strength of the above-mentioned ultrasonic signal is greater than or equal to the preset strength threshold, and the above-mentioned fourth preset condition is the condition that the change amplitude of the waveform of the above-mentioned current is greater than or equal to the preset amplitude threshold.

[0083] In this solution, by setting reasonable preset conditions, the abnormal state of the fuse can be accurately identified, avoiding false alarms or missed alarms. This helps improve the accuracy and reliability of fault warnings and reduce unnecessary maintenance downtime. The setting of preset conditions enables the fault warning device to intelligently analyze various abnormal conditions of the fuse, improving the intelligence level of fault diagnosis. Based on these analysis results, operation and maintenance personnel can locate the cause of the fault more quickly and accurately.

[0084] Based on the collected status data (temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, current waveform), the fuse fault warning protection device will analyze this data through preset judgment conditions to determine whether the fuse is currently in an abnormal state.

[0085] The first preset condition: If the temperature of the fuse contacts detected by the temperature sensor exceeds the preset temperature threshold, this may indicate poor contact or internal overheating, triggering an early warning. For example, if the temperature threshold is set to 80°C, if the monitored contact temperature reaches or exceeds 80°C, the system will determine that poor contact or overheating may exist, thereby confirming that the fuse is in an abnormal state.

[0086] The second preset condition: If the vibration frequency detected by the vibration sensor exceeds the preset frequency threshold, it may indicate that the fuse is affected by external forces or the internal structure is unstable, requiring further inspection. For example, if the frequency threshold is set to 20Hz, if the detected vibration signal frequency reaches or exceeds 20Hz, it may indicate that the fuse is abnormal or the fuse tube has tripped, and the system will determine that the fuse is abnormal.

[0087] The third precondition is the ultrasonic sensor's signal strength. If the signal strength exceeds a preset threshold, this is typically associated with arcing or partial discharge, a clear sign of a fuse failure. For example, if the threshold is set to 100dB, and the ultrasonic signal strength reaches or exceeds 100dB, it can be inferred that arcing or partial discharge may be occurring inside or around the fuse, and the system will determine that the fuse is abnormal.

[0088] The fourth preset condition is the amplitude of the current waveform monitored by the current transformer. If the amplitude exceeds the preset amplitude threshold, it may indicate an overload, short circuit, or blown fuse, requiring immediate action. For example, if the amplitude threshold is set to 30%, if the monitored current waveform changes by more than 30%, the system will determine that there is a possibility of overload or short circuit, and thus confirm that the fuse is abnormal.

[0089] Specifically, typical faults of the contacts on the fuse tube include overheating, poor contact, and partial discharge. For these faults, the early warning method is mainly based on the following judgment steps:

[0090] Temperature Monitoring: Infrared temperature measurement is used to monitor the surface temperature of the fuse tube contacts in real time. When the temperature exceeds a preset threshold (such as 80°C, 100°C, or 150°C), the system determines that the fuse tube contacts are overheating due to poor contact, triggering an alarm. The system also records sensor data, timestamps, and on-site latitude and longitude information, drop-out fuse specifications and model, installer, installation time, and maintenance time. The system then sends the fault information to the backend monitoring system via an NB-IoT device.

[0091] Partial discharge detection: Use ultrasonic sensors to detect whether partial discharge occurs on the contacts of the fuse tube; use infrared temperature measurement to monitor in real time whether there is any temperature instability on the contacts of the fuse tube; use Rogowski coils to monitor whether there are instantaneous pulse changes in the load current of the transmission cable; use vibration sensors to monitor whether there are vibration signals caused by partial discharge, and set corresponding thresholds. When two or more of the above sensors detect partial discharge signals, the sound and light alarm equipment will be triggered to alarm, record the sensor data, timestamp, on-site latitude and longitude information, drop-out fuse specifications and models, installer, installation time, maintenance time and other information when the fault occurs, and send the partial discharge fault information to the background supervision system through the NB-IOT Internet of Things module.

[0092] In some embodiments, when the above-mentioned fuse is abnormal, determining the cause of the abnormality of the above-mentioned fuse can be specifically achieved through the following steps: when the fifth preset condition is met, determining the cause of the above-mentioned fuse abnormality as the first cause, wherein the above-mentioned fifth preset condition is that the above-mentioned temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, and the above-mentioned vibration signal is the target vibration signal, and the above-mentioned ultrasonic signal is the target ultrasonic signal, wherein the above-mentioned target vibration signal is the vibration signal generated when the above-mentioned fuse falls, and the above-mentioned target ultrasonic signal is the ultrasonic signal generated when the above-mentioned fuse has an arc phenomenon, and the above-mentioned first cause is the fuse tube of the above-mentioned fuse. Aging; when the sixth preset condition is met, it is determined that the cause of the abnormality of the above-mentioned fuse is the second cause, wherein the above-mentioned sixth preset condition is that the above-mentioned vibration signal is the above-mentioned target vibration signal, and the above-mentioned ultrasonic signal is the above-mentioned target ultrasonic signal, and the above-mentioned second cause is that the fuse tube of the above-mentioned fuse falls; when the seventh preset condition is met, it is determined that the cause of the abnormality of the above-mentioned fuse is the third cause, wherein the above-mentioned seventh preset condition is that the above-mentioned current suddenly changes, and the above-mentioned vibration signal is the above-mentioned target vibration signal, and the above-mentioned ultrasonic signal is the above-mentioned target ultrasonic signal, and the above-mentioned third cause is that the fuse tube of the above-mentioned fuse is overloaded or broken.

[0093] In this solution, by setting the fifth, sixth, and seventh preset conditions, the fuse fault warning protection device can accurately determine the cause of fuse anomalies based on real-time monitoring data from multiple sensors, including fuse tube aging, abnormal dropout, overload, or circuit breaker issues. This mechanism not only improves the accuracy and reliability of fault warnings, but also provides a basis for rapid fault detection and resolution, significantly optimizing the operation and maintenance efficiency of the power system and reducing the economic losses and safety risks caused by faults. Through intelligent fault warnings, this solution can provide early warnings of potential equipment problems, providing strong support for preventive maintenance of power facilities, helping to extend the service life of equipment and ensure the stable operation of the power system.

[0094] Specifically, the above conditions are explained below:

[0095] The fifth preset condition: When the temperature sensor detects that the fuse contact temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold (for example, 80°C), and the vibration sensor captures a vibration signal that matches the characteristics of a fuse falling, and the ultrasonic sensor detects an ultrasonic signal related to arc discharge or partial discharge, the abnormality of the fuse is determined to be caused by fuse tube aging. The setting of this condition can help the system accurately identify the problem of fuse tube aging when the fuse tube is overheated for a long time and vibration and ultrasonic discharge signals appear at the same time. By comprehensively analyzing temperature, vibration and ultrasonic signals, the early warning system can promptly warn of possible failures caused by fuse tube aging, provide targeted maintenance recommendations to operation and maintenance personnel, and avoid equipment failures and power outages caused by aging.

[0096] The sixth preset condition: The fuse failure is determined to be caused by an abnormal fuse tube drop only when the vibration sensor detects a vibration signal inconsistent with normal fuse drop operation, and the ultrasonic sensor simultaneously detects an ultrasonic signal associated with arc discharge or partial discharge. This condition helps the system determine whether the fuse tube has abnormally dropped from the fuse due to external force or internal fault, even in the absence of overheating. By accurately identifying the drop signal and the accompanying arc discharge signal, the system can issue an immediate warning after the fuse tube drops, reducing troubleshooting time and preventing power system failures caused by the drop of the fuse tube.

[0097] Seventh preset condition: When the current sensor detects a sudden change in the current waveform (such as overload or open circuit), and at the same time the vibration sensor captures a vibration signal similar to the fuse drop characteristic, and the ultrasonic sensor detects an ultrasonic signal related to arc discharge or partial discharge, the system determines that the abnormal cause of the fuse is an overload or open circuit of the fuse tube. By combining the monitoring of current mutations, vibrations and ultrasonic signals, the system can accurately determine the fault status of the fuse tube when the fuse is overloaded or open circuit. This comprehensive analysis method helps to quickly locate the fault type and provide timely fault information to operation and maintenance personnel, so that the power system can be quickly restored to operation while avoiding equipment damage and safety risks.

[0098] Specifically, the main reasons for fuse tube tripping and dropping include overload, short circuit, fuse tube aging, etc. In order to accurately determine the cause and issue an early warning, it is necessary to comprehensively utilize data from multiple sensors:

[0099] Open-type Rogowski coil current transformer: A Rogowski coil current transformer is used to monitor the load current changes of the transmission cable before the fuse tube trips and drops, to determine whether there is overload or short circuit.

[0100] Vibration sensor: monitors the vibration signal at the moment the fuse tube trips and drops, and determines whether it is normal operation, abnormal drop, or fuse overload drop based on different vibration patterns.

[0101] Ultrasonic sensor: monitors whether an abnormal arc is generated at the moment of falling.

[0102] Infrared temperature measuring equipment (i.e. temperature sensor): monitors the temperature change of the contacts on the fuse tube at the moment of falling to determine whether there is overheating and arcing.

[0103] Based on the above sensor data, the controller performs the following judgments and operations:

[0104] Fuse tube aging failure: When the surface temperature of the fuse tube contact is monitored in real time by infrared temperature measurement equipment and exceeds the preset threshold (such as 80°C, 100°C, 150°C, etc.) for a long time, it means that the fuse tube contact has long-term poor contact and caused overheating failure. It has not been promptly handled, and further caused the fuse to blow. The vibration sensor detects abnormal drop of the fuse tube, the ultrasonic sensor detects arc signals, and the infrared temperature measurement equipment also detects transient temperature changes. This indicates that the fault is caused by fuse tube aging.

[0105] Abnormal drop of fuse tube: When the vibration sensor detects an abnormal drop, and the ultrasonic sensor and infrared temperature measurement equipment also detect an abnormal arc signal, it is judged that the fuse tube has dropped abnormally, triggering the alarm device to sound an alarm, recording the sensor data, timestamp, on-site latitude and longitude information, drop-type fuse specifications and models, installer, installation time, maintenance time and other information when the fault occurs, and sending the partial discharge fault information to the background monitoring system through the NB-IOT Internet of Things device.

[0106] Fuse tube overload and short-circuit fault: When the open-type Rogowski coil detects a sudden change in current before and after a drop, the vibration sensor detects an abnormal drop, and the ultrasonic sensor and infrared temperature measurement equipment also detect abnormal arc signals, it is determined that the drop is caused by overload or short circuit, triggering the alarm device to sound an alarm. The sensor data, timestamp, on-site latitude and longitude information, drop-type fuse specifications and models, installer, installation time, maintenance time, and other information at the time of the fault are recorded, and the partial discharge fault information is sent to the background monitoring system through the NB-IOT Internet of Things device.

[0107] Specifically, abnormal falls refer to the following situations:

[0108] Unexpected drop: Normal drop-out fuse operation includes manual disconnection and automatic disconnection of the fuse link in the event of an overcurrent, causing the fuse to trip and drop. Abnormal drop refers to the fuse accidentally detaching from its installed position and dropping without the expected overcurrent or other normal operating instructions.

[0109] Fault-induced drop: Due to internal equipment faults (such as insulation aging, component damage, spring failure, etc.) or external factors (such as wind, external force impact, animal activities, etc.), the fuse suddenly drops without current overload.

[0110] Falling due to operational errors: The fuse may fall accidentally due to errors made by the staff during operation and maintenance, such as improper installation or removal process.

[0111] In one feasible embodiment, the temperature threshold for the fuse holder contacts is set at 80°C. During continuous operational monitoring, infrared temperature measurement equipment records the surface temperature of the fuse holder contacts. Over a period of time, the monitoring data consistently shows that the contact temperature exceeds 80°C and continues to rise above 100°C, indicating possible poor contact and persistent overheating. At this stage, the early warning system is not triggered, but the system will record the overheating condition and await further abnormal signals.

[0112] After overheating persists for a period of time, the fuse tube's physical properties degrade with increasing temperature, potentially causing it to drop without significant external force. The vibration sensor detects the vibration signal and sends it to the early warning system's main control board for analysis.

[0113] If an arc discharge occurs inside the fuse tube or near the contacts at the moment the fuse tube drops, the ultrasonic sensor will capture the high-frequency ultrasonic signal accompanying the arc. The arc may be caused by aging of the fuse tube, which leads to a decrease in its insulation performance and poor contact between the contacts during the drop, resulting in an arc.

[0114] When a fuse tube drops and an arc occurs, infrared temperature measurement equipment will detect a sudden temperature change near the contacts, which may suddenly rise to over 150°C. This temperature change not only reflects the presence of an arc but also indicates that the fuse tube may have serious aging problems, as normal dropping operations should not produce such drastic temperature changes.

[0115] When the early warning system's main control board receives drop signals from the vibration sensor, arc signals from the ultrasonic sensor, and transient temperature fluctuation signals from the infrared temperature measurement device, a multi-sensor fusion algorithm begins to analyze and confirm the correlation between these signals. If these signals appear simultaneously and match the preset fuse aging failure mode (i.e., overheating, arcing, transient temperature fluctuation), the fuse is determined to have aged, causing the abnormal drop and accompanying arc discharge.

[0116] The working principle of the vibration sensor is based on physical vibration or changes in acceleration. In this solution, the vibration sensor is installed in a position where it can sense the vibration caused by the tripping and falling of the fuse tube. When the fuse tube falls abnormally due to a fault, a specific vibration pattern is generated. This vibration pattern is significantly different from normal operation (such as manual disconnection) or other non-fault-related vibrations (such as wind influence). The vibration sensor is able to measure changes in acceleration. When the fuse tube falls abnormally, the sensor detects a sudden change in acceleration, which is compared with the preset vibration pattern or threshold. The vibration signal captured by the sensor is analyzed for its characteristic frequency and amplitude through digital signal processing (such as Fourier transform). The vibration signal of the abnormal fall has specific frequency and intensity characteristics, which is significantly different from the vibration during normal operation of the equipment.

[0117] Ultrasonic sensors can detect sound wave signals within the ultrasonic frequency range. The energy generated by arc discharge excites molecular vibrations in the air, generating high-frequency sound waves. These sound waves are within the ultrasonic range and generally beyond the range of human hearing. The sound waves generated by arc discharge have specific frequency and intensity characteristics, which ultrasonic sensors can capture. The signal received by the sensor is analyzed by an algorithm to identify the characteristics of the arc sound waves, such as frequency peaks and intensity changes. The system sets a threshold for arc signals. When the signal detected by the ultrasonic sensor exceeds this threshold, the system determines that an arc discharge has occurred and triggers an early warning.

[0118] Infrared temperature measurement equipment measures the surface temperature of an object contactlessly by measuring infrared radiation. In this solution, the infrared temperature measurement device is aimed at the contacts on the fuse tube, enabling real-time monitoring of contact temperature changes. Temperature fluctuations in the fuse tube contacts, both normal and abnormal, result in changes in infrared radiation, which the infrared temperature measurement module detects. By continuously monitoring the fuse tube contact temperature, a sudden increase or decrease in contact temperature is detected, indicating a transient temperature change. Similar to vibration and ultrasonic signals, infrared temperature measurement equipment also has a series of temperature thresholds. When the detected temperature exceeds these thresholds, it is determined that a temperature change caused by an arc or partial discharge may have occurred, triggering an early warning.

[0119] Infrared temperature measurement equipment doesn't actually detect arc signals directly; it monitors the surface temperature of objects. However, arc discharge generates extremely high temperatures for a short period of time, and these transient temperature changes can be captured by infrared temperature measurement equipment. Therefore, when an arc discharge occurs, the temperature in the arcing area rises rapidly, reaching thousands of degrees Celsius, far exceeding the temperature under normal operating conditions. Even after the arc extinguishes, the temperature remains elevated for a period of time due to the thermal inertia of the fuse tube contacts or the surrounding area.

[0120] A Rogowski coil, also known as a Rogowski coil, is a current transformer used to measure AC current. It consists of a non-magnetic coil wrapped around a current-carrying conductor. When current flows through the conductor, a voltage signal proportional to the rate of change of the current is generated in the Rogowski coil. An open-type Rogowski coil current transformer is wrapped around a transmission cable. When current flows through the cable, the Rogowski coil senses the changes in the magnetic field generated by the current, generating a voltage signal. This voltage signal is fed into the main control board of the fault warning device, where it is amplified by a preamplifier and processed by an integration circuit to produce a signal directly related to the current change. This way, even if the current itself is not directly measured, the Rogowski coil's output signal can reflect current changes. Under normal operating conditions, the current of a 10kV dropout fuse changes smoothly. However, when a fuse opens due to overload, short circuit, or fuse element aging, the current flowing through the cable changes suddenly. The Rogowski coil can detect these sudden current changes and convert them into a voltage signal. The main control board has a threshold for sudden current changes. When the current changes beyond the preset threshold, the system identifies an abnormality. By analyzing the output signal of the Rogowski coil, it is possible to determine whether the current suddenly increases or decreases, as well as the magnitude and speed of the change. These are important indicators for determining the type of fuse fault.

[0121] In a specific implementation process, after determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data, the method further includes the following steps: if the fuse is abnormal, controlling the alarm device to sound an alarm.

[0122] This solution provides an early warning to operations and maintenance personnel the instant an anomaly is detected, ensuring they can respond immediately, reducing delays in troubleshooting and potentially preventing or mitigating power outages or equipment damage. When a fuse anomaly occurs, a timely alarm alerts on-site workers to safety, preventing them from approaching equipment that could generate arcs or high temperatures, and minimizing the risk of personal injury.

[0123] Specifically, when a fuse is identified as abnormal, its connected alarm device (e.g., an audible and visual alarm) is immediately activated. This alarm device typically includes visual and audible alarm components, such as flashing LEDs and buzzers, which activate immediately upon receiving the early warning signal, issuing a clear warning signal. These signals are intended to attract the attention of on-site operators, allowing them to quickly identify the abnormal signal from the fault warning device and take timely countermeasures.

[0124] In some embodiments, the fault warning protection device of the above-mentioned fuse also includes a solar panel and a lithium battery, and the above-mentioned solar panel is used to power the fault warning protection device of the above-mentioned fuse; the above-mentioned lithium battery is used to power the fault warning protection device of the above-mentioned fuse. Before obtaining the status data of the fuse, the above-mentioned method also includes the following steps: obtaining the current light intensity; when the above-mentioned light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light intensity, using the above-mentioned solar panel for power supply; when the above-mentioned light intensity is less than the above-mentioned preset light intensity, using the above-mentioned lithium battery for power supply.

[0125] This solution automatically switches power modes, utilizing solar energy when sunlight is sufficient. This reduces reliance on chemical batteries, lowers operating costs, and minimizes environmental pollution caused by battery waste. Intelligent power management ensures continuous power supply regardless of lighting conditions, preventing early warning failures due to power issues and improving device reliability and timely fault warnings. The system automatically adjusts power modes to environmental conditions without requiring manual intervention, enabling stable operation in remote, unmanned locations and enhancing its adaptability and autonomy in various scenarios. In low-light conditions, the system switches to a lithium battery. Its low-power design extends the battery's lifespan, eliminating the need for frequent battery replacement and further optimizing power management. Intelligent power management reduces the need for manual maintenance, especially during inclement weather or at night, lowering maintenance costs and improving operational efficiency. Whether in bright sunlight or dimly lit at night, the system intelligently switches power sources to adapt to the environment, ensuring normal operation in a variety of lighting conditions and enhancing its environmental adaptability.

[0126] Specifically, the fuse failure warning protection device includes a built-in light intensity sensor for real-time monitoring of ambient light intensity. Light intensity measurement is crucial for deciding whether to use solar power or lithium batteries. The sensor collects data every five minutes and sends the results to the main control board for analysis. This cycle ensures real-time data while minimizing power consumption and avoiding unnecessary data transmission and processing.

[0127] A preset light intensity threshold is set. When the on-site light intensity reaches or exceeds this threshold, it is determined that sufficient solar energy is available. At this point, the solar panels will serve as the primary power source, converting solar energy into electricity to power the device's circuit modules. In this way, natural energy can be fully utilized under sufficient light conditions, reducing dependence on traditional batteries and improving energy efficiency. Based on the device's power consumption requirements and the lighting conditions in the area, the preset light intensity threshold is 500 lux. This threshold is set based on experimental data and historical records to ensure that when the light intensity reaches 500 lux or above, the solar panels can generate sufficient electricity to meet the device's power supply needs.

[0128] When light intensity falls below a preset threshold, the solar panels generate insufficient power to meet the device's operational needs, and the system automatically switches to the lithium battery. This backup power source ensures the device's normal operation during low-light conditions, such as at night or on rainy days, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the fault warning function.

[0129] Specifically, before power is supplied and the circuit breaker is closed, a safety process check is performed to ensure the safety of the closing operation. The safety check is mainly based on the following steps:

[0130] (1) Fuse tube abnormal drop fault and fuse tube abnormal drop fault:

[0131] The main fault causes provided to operation and maintenance personnel through handheld terminals include: mismatch between melt tube size and fuse, too little spring pressure, burns or wear on right-angle protrusions, etc.

[0132] Check whether the length of the melt tube and the fixed part of the fuse are not well matched, whether it is loose due to failure to check after operation, or whether the fuse installation angle is inappropriate. Install the 10kV drop-out fuse according to the operating procedures.

[0133] A 10kV drop-out fuse fault warning and protection device is installed. The handheld terminal communicates with the fault warning and protection device via a Bluetooth device and stores necessary information (including on-site latitude and longitude information obtained from the handheld terminal's GPS module, drop-out fuse specifications and models, installer, installation time, maintenance time, etc.) in the main control board of the fault warning device for subsequent fault warning and maintenance use.

[0134] Monitor the ambient temperature and humidity using temperature and humidity sensors to ensure power transmission is performed in good weather conditions. Avoid rainy, foggy, or thunderstorm weather. Recheck the fuse's installation location, fastening, and fuse tube status to ensure the equipment is intact and free of abnormalities.

[0135] Handheld terminals provide maintenance personnel with operating procedures and recommendations. The backend monitoring system uses the fault warning device's sensor group to monitor and record the operating status of the drop-out fuse in real time, and promptly warns of partial discharge and overheating failures.

[0136] Check after power is supplied: Make sure all fuses are closed correctly and there are no abnormalities. The background monitoring system monitors and records the working status of the drop-out fuse in real time through the sensor group of the fault warning device:

[0137] (2) Fuse tube overload or short circuit failure:

[0138] Troubleshooting and Confirmation: Refer to the abnormal load current value of the transmission cable before the drop-out fuse was detected by the open-type Rogowski coil. Follow the fuse tube overload and short-circuit fault inspection process to confirm whether the fuse was blown or dropped due to overload or short-circuit. Check external equipment for flashover, grounding, short circuit, and overload to eliminate the fault point.

[0139] Install 10kV drop-out fuse according to operating procedures.

[0140] A 10kV drop-out fuse fault warning and protection device is installed. The handheld terminal communicates with the fault warning and protection device through a Bluetooth device, and stores necessary information (including the on-site latitude and longitude information obtained from the handheld terminal's GPS module, the specifications and model of the drop-out fuse, the installer, the installation time, the maintenance time, etc.) in the main control board of the fault warning device 1 for subsequent fault warning and maintenance use.

[0141] Monitor ambient temperature and humidity using temperature and humidity sensors to ensure power transmission is performed in good weather conditions. Avoid rain, fog, or thunderstorms. Recheck the fuse's installation location, mounting conditions, and fuse tube status to ensure the equipment is intact and free of abnormalities. Environmental factors outside normal ranges may also trigger an alert.

[0142] During the first power transmission, monitor the load current of the transmission cable using an open-type Rogowski coil. If the load current exceeds the rated current of the fuse, an overload warning is triggered. If the fuse blows or trips again during power transmission, immediately stop power transmission. Based on the abnormal load current records, determine whether the fuse has blown or tripped due to an overload or short circuit. Inspect external equipment for flashovers, ground faults, short circuits, and overloads to eliminate the fault.

[0143] Reinstall the 10kV drop-out fuse and the 10kV drop-out fuse fault warning and protection device. Conduct a second power supply inspection until all fault points are eliminated.

[0144] If all the above checks are passed, the fault warning device will detect the fuse status by integrating data from multiple sensors. If an abnormal condition (such as partial discharge, overheating, etc.) is detected, a fault warning will be triggered.

[0145] If all of the above checks pass, the fault warning device determines that the power-on closing operation is safe and provides an audible and visual alarm indication. If the checks fail, a fault warning is triggered, and the fault information is sent to the backend monitoring system via an NB-IoT device. The backend monitoring system can further analyze the data, determine the fault type, and take appropriate maintenance measures.

[0146] In summary, the solution proposed in this application integrates multiple sensors and advanced monitoring technologies to monitor the operating status of 10kV drop-out fuses in real time, including fuse tube contact status, current and voltage fluctuations, and other indicators, thereby achieving comprehensive control of the fuse's operating status. Upon detecting any anomaly or potential fault, an early warning signal is immediately issued, alerting maintenance personnel to take timely action, effectively preventing the occurrence of a fault or expanding its scope.

[0147] By leveraging the massive amount of data collected by real-time monitoring and fault warning systems, this solution can help maintenance personnel quickly and accurately determine the cause of a fault, eliminating the difficulties inherent in traditional troubleshooting methods due to a lack of real-time data. Accurate fault information makes repairs more targeted, reduces unnecessary inspection and testing time, and improves repair efficiency.

[0148] The automated monitoring and early warning system significantly reduces the frequency of manual inspections, allowing operations personnel to focus more on troubleshooting and optimization, thereby improving overall operations efficiency. The timely nature of the early warning system also ensures that the operations team can respond to and address potential issues immediately, minimizing the impact of faults on the power system.

[0149] Through real-time monitoring and early warning, this application's solution can respond promptly before or during a fault, effectively reducing the risk of system collapse or serious accidents. Comprehensive monitoring capabilities also include safety verification of critical operations such as power transmission and closing, further ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0150] The embodiment of the present application also provides a control device for a fault warning protection device of a fuse. It should be noted that the control device for the fault warning protection device of the fuse in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the control method for the fault warning protection device of the fuse provided in the embodiment of the present application. The device is used to implement the above-mentioned embodiments and preferred implementation methods, and the details that have been explained will not be repeated here. As used below, the term "module" can be a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, the implementation of hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and conceived.

[0151] The following introduces the control device of the fuse fault warning protection device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0152] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a control device for a fuse fault warning protection device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the device includes:

[0153] A first acquiring unit 100 is configured to acquire status data of the fuse, wherein the status data includes one or more of temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, and current;

[0154] A first determining unit 200 is configured to determine whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data;

[0155] The second determining unit 300 is configured to determine a cause of the abnormality of the fuse when the fuse is abnormal.

[0156] This embodiment effectively prevents and handles fuse failures, from data collection and anomaly detection to cause analysis, improving the efficiency and reliability of power system operations. This mechanism combines intelligent data analysis with real-time communication technology, providing strong technical support for the healthy operation of power systems.

[0157] During the specific implementation process, the first determination unit includes a first determination module, which is used to determine that the above-mentioned fuse is abnormal when the preset conditions are met, wherein the above-mentioned preset conditions include one or more of the first preset condition, the second preset condition, the third preset condition and the fourth preset condition. The above-mentioned first preset condition is the condition that the above-mentioned temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, the above-mentioned second preset condition is the condition that the frequency of the above-mentioned vibration signal is greater than or equal to the preset frequency threshold, the above-mentioned third preset condition is the condition that the signal strength of the above-mentioned ultrasonic signal is greater than or equal to the preset strength threshold, and the above-mentioned fourth preset condition is the condition that the change amplitude of the waveform of the above-mentioned current is greater than or equal to the preset amplitude threshold.

[0158] In this solution, by setting reasonable preset conditions, the abnormal state of the fuse can be accurately identified, avoiding false alarms or missed alarms. This helps improve the accuracy and reliability of fault warnings and reduce unnecessary maintenance downtime. The setting of preset conditions enables the fault warning device to intelligently analyze various abnormal conditions of the fuse, improving the intelligence level of fault diagnosis. Based on these analysis results, operation and maintenance personnel can locate the cause of the fault more quickly and accurately.

[0159] In some embodiments, the second determination unit includes a second determination module, a third determination module and a fourth determination module, the second determination module is used to determine that the cause of the above-mentioned fuse abnormality is the first cause when the fifth preset condition is met, wherein the above-mentioned fifth preset condition is that the above-mentioned temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, and the above-mentioned vibration signal is a target vibration signal, and the above-mentioned ultrasonic signal is a target ultrasonic signal, wherein the above-mentioned target vibration signal is a vibration signal generated when the above-mentioned fuse falls, and the above-mentioned target ultrasonic signal is an ultrasonic signal generated when the above-mentioned fuse has an arc phenomenon, and the above-mentioned first cause is aging of the fuse tube of the above-mentioned fuse; the third determination module Used to determine that the cause of the above-mentioned fuse abnormality is the second cause when the sixth preset condition is met, wherein the above-mentioned sixth preset condition is that the above-mentioned vibration signal is the above-mentioned target vibration signal, and the above-mentioned ultrasonic signal is the above-mentioned target ultrasonic signal, and the above-mentioned second cause is that the fuse tube of the above-mentioned fuse has fallen; the fourth determination module is used to determine that the cause of the above-mentioned fuse abnormality is the third cause when the seventh preset condition is met, wherein the above-mentioned seventh preset condition is that the above-mentioned current has a sudden change, and the above-mentioned vibration signal is the above-mentioned target vibration signal, and the above-mentioned ultrasonic signal is the above-mentioned target ultrasonic signal, and the above-mentioned third cause is that the fuse tube of the above-mentioned fuse is overloaded or broken.

[0160] In this solution, by setting the fifth, sixth, and seventh preset conditions, the fuse fault warning protection device can accurately determine the cause of fuse anomalies based on real-time monitoring data from multiple sensors, including fuse tube aging, abnormal dropout, overload, or circuit breaker issues. This mechanism not only improves the accuracy and reliability of fault warnings, but also provides a basis for rapid fault detection and resolution, significantly optimizing the operation and maintenance efficiency of the power system and reducing the economic losses and safety risks caused by faults. Through intelligent fault warnings, this solution can provide early warnings of potential equipment problems, providing strong support for preventive maintenance of power facilities, helping to extend the service life of equipment and ensure the stable operation of the power system.

[0161] In a specific implementation process, the apparatus further includes a control unit, which is configured to, after determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data, control the alarm device to sound an alarm if the fuse is abnormal.

[0162] This solution provides an early warning to operations and maintenance personnel the instant an anomaly is detected, ensuring they can respond immediately, reducing delays in troubleshooting and potentially preventing or mitigating power outages or equipment damage. When a fuse anomaly occurs, a timely alarm alerts on-site workers to safety, preventing them from approaching equipment that could generate arcs or high temperatures, and minimizing the risk of personal injury.

[0163] In some embodiments, the fault warning protection device of the above-mentioned fuse also includes a solar panel and a lithium battery, and the above-mentioned solar panel is used to power the fault warning protection device of the above-mentioned fuse; the above-mentioned lithium battery is used to power the fault warning protection device of the above-mentioned fuse, and the above-mentioned device also includes a second acquisition unit, a first processing unit and a second processing unit. The second acquisition unit is used to obtain the current light intensity before obtaining the status data of the fuse; the first processing unit is used to use the above-mentioned solar panel for power supply when the above-mentioned light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light intensity; the second processing unit is used to use the above-mentioned lithium battery for power supply when the above-mentioned light intensity is less than the above-mentioned preset light intensity.

[0164] This solution automatically switches power modes, utilizing solar energy when sunlight is sufficient. This reduces reliance on chemical batteries, lowers operating costs, and minimizes environmental pollution caused by battery waste. Intelligent power management ensures continuous power supply regardless of lighting conditions, preventing early warning failures due to power issues and improving device reliability and timely fault warnings. The system automatically adjusts power modes to environmental conditions without requiring manual intervention, enabling stable operation in remote, unmanned locations and enhancing its adaptability and autonomy in various scenarios. In low-light conditions, the system switches to a lithium battery. Its low-power design extends the battery's lifespan, eliminating the need for frequent battery replacement and further optimizing power management. Intelligent power management reduces the need for manual maintenance, especially during inclement weather or at night, lowering maintenance costs and improving operational efficiency. Whether in bright sunlight or dimly lit at night, the system intelligently switches power sources to adapt to the environment, ensuring normal operation in a variety of lighting conditions and enhancing its environmental adaptability.

[0165] The control device for the aforementioned fuse fault warning and protection device includes a processor and a memory. The aforementioned first acquisition unit, first determination unit, and second determination unit are all stored as program units in the memory. The processor executes the program units stored in the memory to implement the corresponding functions. The aforementioned modules are all located in the same processor; alternatively, the aforementioned modules may be located in different processors in any combination.

[0166] The processor includes a core, which retrieves the corresponding program unit from the memory. One or more cores can be set, and the problem of low efficiency of the manual inspection method of fuses in the prior art can be solved by adjusting the core parameters.

[0167] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0168] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored program, wherein when the program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute a control method for the fault warning protection device of the fuse.

[0169] An embodiment of the present invention provides a processor, which is used to run a program, wherein the control method of the fault warning protection device of the fuse is executed when the program is run.

[0170] An embodiment of the present invention provides a device comprising a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements at least the steps of a method for controlling a fuse failure warning and protection device. The device herein may be a server, a PC, a PAD, a mobile phone, or the like.

[0171] A computer program product includes a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the control method of the fault warning protection device of the fuse in each embodiment of the present application.

[0172] The present application also provides a fuse protection system, which includes a fault warning protection device and a control device. The fault warning protection device is a fault warning protection device of any one of the above-mentioned fuses; the control device is communicatively connected to the fault warning protection device, and the control device is used to execute a control method of the fault warning protection device of any one of the above-mentioned fuses.

[0173] Obviously, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented using a general-purpose computing device, can be centralized on a single computing device, or can be distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. They can be implemented using program code executable by the computing device, and thus, can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described herein can be performed in a different order than that shown, or can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0174] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0175] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0176] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0177] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0178] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0179] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0180] Computer-readable media includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. The information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transitory media such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0181] It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, commodity, or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0182] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A control method for a fault warning protection device of a fuse, characterized in that: The method is applied to a controller of a fault warning protection device of the fuse, and the method further comprises: Acquiring status data of the fuse, wherein the status data includes temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, and current; determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data; In the case where the fuse is abnormal, determining the cause of the abnormality of the fuse; In the case where the fuse is abnormal, determining the cause of the abnormality of the fuse includes: when a fifth preset condition is met, determining that the cause of the abnormality of the fuse is a first cause, wherein the fifth preset condition is that the temperature is greater than or equal to a preset temperature threshold, and the vibration signal is a target vibration signal, and the ultrasonic signal is a target ultrasonic signal, wherein the target vibration signal is a vibration signal generated when the fuse falls, and the target ultrasonic signal is an ultrasonic signal generated when an arc occurs in the fuse, and the first cause is aging of the fuse tube of the fuse; when the sixth preset condition is met, When the sixth preset condition is met, the cause of the fuse abnormality is determined to be the second cause, wherein the sixth preset condition is that the vibration signal is the target vibration signal and the ultrasonic signal is the target ultrasonic signal, and the second cause is that the fuse tube of the fuse has fallen; when the seventh preset condition is met, the cause of the fuse abnormality is determined to be the third cause, wherein the seventh preset condition is that the current has a sudden change, the vibration signal is the target vibration signal, and the ultrasonic signal is the target ultrasonic signal, and the third cause is that the fuse tube of the fuse is overloaded or broken.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining whether the fuse is abnormal according to the status data includes: When the preset conditions are met, the fuse is determined to be abnormal, wherein the preset conditions include one or more of a first preset condition, a second preset condition, a third preset condition and a fourth preset condition, the first preset condition is the condition that the temperature is greater than or equal to a preset temperature threshold, the second preset condition is the condition that the frequency of the vibration signal is greater than or equal to a preset frequency threshold, the third preset condition is the condition that the signal strength of the ultrasonic signal is greater than or equal to a preset strength threshold, and the fourth preset condition is the condition that the change amplitude of the current waveform is greater than or equal to a preset amplitude threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After determining whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data, the method further includes: In the event that the fuse is abnormal, the alarm device is controlled to sound an alarm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The fault warning protection device of the fuse further includes a solar panel and a lithium battery, wherein the solar panel is used to supply power to the fault warning protection device of the fuse; The lithium battery is used to power the fault warning protection device of the fuse. Before obtaining the status data of the fuse, the method further includes: Obtain the current light intensity; when the light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light intensity, use the solar panel for power supply; when the light intensity is less than the preset light intensity, use the lithium battery for power supply.

5. A fault warning protection device for a fuse, characterized in that: include: A sensing unit, configured to detect status data of the fuse, wherein the status data includes temperature, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, and current; a controller, communicatively connected to the sensing unit, the controller being configured to determine whether the fuse is abnormal based on the status data, and the controller being configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4; An alarm device is connected to the controller for communication, and is used for sounding an alarm when the fuse is abnormal.

6. The fuse failure warning protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sensing unit comprises: A temperature sensor, used to detect the temperature of the contact surface of the fuse tube of the fuse; a vibration sensor, configured to detect the vibration signal of the fuse; an ultrasonic sensor, configured to detect the ultrasonic signal of the fuse; A Rogowski coil is used to detect the current at the input end of the fuse.

7. The fuse failure warning protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fault warning protection device of the fuse also includes: A protective cover, used to protect the fuse; A buckle is used to fix the protective cover.

8. The fuse failure warning protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fault warning protection device of the fuse also includes: a solar panel for supplying power to the fault warning protection device of the fuse; A lithium battery is used to power the fault warning protection device of the fuse.

9. A fuse protection system, characterized in that: The fuse protection system comprises: A fault warning protection device, wherein the fault warning protection device is the fault warning protection device of the fuse according to any one of claims 5 to 8; A control device, wherein the control device is communicatively connected to the fault warning protection device, and the control device is used to execute the control method of the fault warning protection device of the fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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