Preparation method of organic high-molecular compound PVP-doped Mn3O4 electrode material and application of organic high-molecular compound PVP-doped Mn3O4 electrode material in aqueous aluminum ion capacitor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and discloses a preparation method of an organic high-molecular compound PVP-doped Mn3O4 electrode material and an application of the electrode material in an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor, the material is prepared by preparing Mn3O4 through a simple precipitation method, the organic high-molecular compound PVP is inserted into the electrode material through further reaction, and the Mn3O4 electrode material is prepared. PVP is inserted into Mn3O4, so that the interlayer spacing of Mn3O4 is enlarged, ion diffusion and charge transfer are effectively promoted, the conductivity of Mn3O4 is improved, the internal resistance of Mn3O4 is reduced, the structural stability of the material is kept, and the overall performance of the water-based aluminum ion capacitor is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of capacitor materials, and relates to a preparation method of an organic polymer compound PVP-doped Mn3O4 electrode material and an application thereof in an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor. Background Art

[0002] The main clean energy sources at present come from solar energy, tidal energy and wind energy. Currently, batteries with metal oxides such as lithium and zinc as positive electrode materials have gradually occupied the market of electronic products. However, the scarcity of lithium resources has seriously hindered its continued large-scale application in the future. The limited reversibility of zinc metal in alkaline electrolytes has restricted the development of zinc-based secondary energy storage devices. Therefore, with the development and progress of science and technology, it is still challenging to explore energy storage materials with ultra-high rate, high capacity and long life.

[0003] Supercapacitors have low-cost and non-flammable water-based electrolytes, high safety, and do not rely heavily on complex battery management systems for protection. This has become an important research direction for energy storage technology. The high charge density of aluminum ions means that they can achieve ultra-high electrode capacity. The theoretical capacity of aluminum metal is high (2981mAh / g, 8046mAh / cm 3 ), can realize the reversible three-electron reaction between the positive and negative electrode materials, the electrode potential is moderate, and due to the abundant reserves of aluminum resources and low cost, these advantages make aluminum ion capacitors considered as potential substitutes for lithium ion batteries. Water as a solvent has the advantages of high ionic conductivity, safety and environmental friendliness. The electrolyte used is an aqueous electrolyte. At the same time, in order to reduce side reactions, the solution is to use high concentration salts or electrolyte additives. In aqueous electrolytes, aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate (Al(OTf)3) has been proposed as a non-corrosive substitute for AlCl3. It is noted that the amphiphilic OTf in the Al(OTf)3 salt - It can promote the reversible deposition / stripping of aluminum ions, and the addition of electrolyte inhibitors can reduce the dissolution of positive electrode materials. Therefore, rechargeable aluminum ion capacitors can become a new direction for future research. Summary of the invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an organic polymer compound PVP-doped Mn3O4 electrode material and its application in an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor, and the specific capacitance of the provided aqueous aluminum ion capacitor is significantly improved.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0006] 1) obtaining a manganate suspension based on an improved method: adding deionized water to the manganate, then ultrasonically treating it to make it uniformly dispersed, adjusting the pH value of the solution to alkaline under bubbling and stirring, and obtaining Mn3O4 after being exposed to air for a period of time, washing and centrifuging several times until the solution becomes neutral to harvest the precipitate, and vacuum drying to obtain Mn3O4;

[0007] 2) The synthesized Mn3O4 is suspended in deionized water and an organic polymer compound PVP is added and rotated and stirred. The precipitate is harvested by washing and centrifugation several times until the solution becomes neutral, and vacuum dried to obtain a P-Mn3O4 composite material.

[0008] In the above-mentioned organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material, in step 1), the manganate is MnSO4·H2O.

[0009] In the above-mentioned organic polymer compound PVP-doped Mn3O4 electrode material, in step 1), the pH value of the solution is adjusted to alkaline by adding KOH aqueous solution dropwise to the above-mentioned solution until the pH value of the solution reaches 12.

[0010] In the above-mentioned organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material, in step 2), the organic polymer compound PVP is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

[0011] The above-mentioned organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material has a mass ratio of manganate: polyvinyl pyrrolidone = 1:0.1-0.5.

[0012] The above-mentioned organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material, in step 2), the molecular weight of PVP is 10000, 24000 and 58000 respectively.

[0013] The above-mentioned organic polymer compound PVP doped with Mn3O4 is used as a positive electrode material in an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor.

[0014] The above application method is as follows:

[0015] 1) Preparation of positive electrode: P-Mn3O4 is mixed evenly with conductive material and binder, a small amount of NMP is added as solvent, mixed evenly, and then directly applied on substrate carbon paper, dried in a vacuum drying oven, and taken out to obtain a positive electrode sheet coated with P-Mn3O4;

[0016] 2) Preparation of negative electrode: After the activated carbon is evenly mixed with the conductive material and the binder, a small amount of NMP is added as a solvent, and after the mixture is evenly mixed, the mixture is directly applied on the substrate carbon paper, dried in a vacuum drying oven, and taken out to obtain a negative electrode sheet coated with activated carbon;

[0017] 3) Preparation of aqueous aluminum ion capacitors: Place the positive electrode into the positive electrode shell so that the side coated with P-Mn3O4 contacts the diaphragm, then place the diaphragm, and then drip the electrolyte. Then place the negative electrode on top of the diaphragm so that the side coated with activated carbon contacts the diaphragm, then place the gasket and spring in turn, and finally buckle the negative electrode shell and encapsulate it to obtain an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor.

[0018] In the above-mentioned aqueous aluminum ion capacitor based on P-Mn3O4, the binder is PVDF or CMC, the conductive material is Super P or acetylene black, and the diaphragm is one of a cellulose diaphragm, a polypropylene membrane, a diaphragm paper and a polymer semipermeable membrane.

[0019] The above application method is as follows:

[0020] 1) Preparation of positive electrode: P-Mn3O4 is mixed evenly with conductive material and binder, a small amount of NMP is added as solvent, mixed evenly, and then directly applied on substrate carbon paper, dried in a vacuum drying oven, and taken out to obtain a positive electrode sheet coated with P-Mn3O4;

[0021] 2) Preparation of negative electrode: After the activated carbon is evenly mixed with the conductive material and the binder, a small amount of NMP is added as a solvent, and after the mixture is evenly mixed, the mixture is directly applied on the substrate carbon paper, dried in a vacuum drying oven, and taken out to obtain a negative electrode sheet coated with activated carbon;

[0022] 3) The positive electrode sheet prepared in step 1) is used as the positive electrode, the negative electrode sheet prepared in step 2) is used as the negative electrode, and the electrolyte is a mixed electrolyte of 2 mol / L aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.2 mol / L manganese bisfluoromethanesulfonate to obtain an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. This invention designs a novel aqueous aluminum ion asymmetric capacitor, using manganese oxide and activated carbon as positive and negative electrode materials respectively. It has the following advantages: First, it significantly improves the conductivity and ion diffusion rate of the Mn3O4 electrode material. 3+ It can combine with oxygen atoms to form a stable Al-O chemical bond. Second, it increases the active center and improves the Al 3+ The diffusion kinetics of Al 3+ The structure collapse caused by the insertion-deinsertion process improves the storage performance of aluminum ions. Third, the introduction of organic polymer PVP expands the interlayer spacing, thereby improving the specific capacity and rate performance of the material during the charge and discharge process.

[0025] 2. In the present invention, after PVP doping, the discharge time of manganese oxide P-Mn3O4 increases by 848.9 seconds, and the specific capacitance is as high as 482.84F / g, which is about 1.9 times greater than that of the original Mn3O4.

[0026] 3. The present invention uses materials with good pseudocapacitive behavior, a simple preparation method, and low-cost, easily available materials with little environmental pollution and a high theoretical specific capacitance value.

[0027] 4. The synthesis process and assembly process are simple, easy to operate and control, suitable for continuous large-scale production, enriching the positive electrode materials of aluminum ion capacitors, and are expected to be used in future energy storage materials and devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is the XRD spectra of Mn3O4 prepared in Example 1 and Mn3O4 doped with the organic polymer compound PVP.

[0029] Figure 2 This is the SEM spectrum of the organic polymer compound PVP doped with Mn3O4 prepared in Example 1.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a cyclic voltammetry curve of Mn3O4 prepared in Example 1 and Mn3O4 doped with the organic polymer compound PVP.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a graph of the specific capacity of Mn3O4·H2O prepared in Example 1 and the organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but is not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technology and solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1 Preparation of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4

[0034] (I) The preparation method of Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0035] Weigh 1g of MnSO4·H2O into a 1L beaker and add 100mL of deionized water, then ultrasonicate for 30min to make it uniformly dispersed. Under bubbling and stirring, a 2mol / L KOH aqueous solution was added dropwise to the above solution until the pH value of the solution reached 12. Mn3O4 was obtained after being exposed to air for 6 hours, and the Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain the Mn3O4 precursor.

[0036] (II) The preparation method of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0037] The synthesized Mn3O4 was suspended in 100 ml of deionized water and 0.2 g of PVP (molecular weight 10,000) was added and rotated for 30 min. The Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain P-Mn3O4.

[0038] (III) Detection

[0039] Figure 1 The following are XRD spectra of Mn3O4 and PVP-doped Mn3O4 prepared by the present invention. Figure 1 It can be seen that after PVP doping, the XRD spectrum of the sample did not show obvious changes, and some peaks became sharp, indicating that PVP was successfully doped into Mn3O4.

[0040] Figure 2 This is the SEM spectrum of PVP-doped Mn3O4 prepared by the present invention. Figure 2 It can be seen that the clusters of Mn3O4 condensed by PVP doping become smaller, indicating that the addition of PVP to the reaction system can effectively inhibit the agglomeration of Mn3O4.

[0041] Example 2 Preparation of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4

[0042] (I) The preparation method of Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0043] Weigh 1g of MnSO4·H2O into a 1L beaker and add 100mL of deionized water, then ultrasonicate for 30min to make it uniformly dispersed. Under bubbling and stirring, a 2mol / L KOH aqueous solution was added dropwise to the above solution until the pH value of the solution reached 12. Mn3O4 was obtained after being exposed to air for 6 hours, and the Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain the Mn3O4 precursor.

[0044] (II) The preparation method of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0045] The synthesized Mn3O4 was suspended in 100 ml of deionized water and 0.1 g of PVP (molecular weight 10,000) was added and rotated for 30 min. The Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain P-Mn3O4.

[0046] Example 3 Preparation of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4

[0047] (I) The preparation method of Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0048] Weigh 1g of MnSO4·H2O into a 1L beaker and add 100mL of deionized water, then ultrasonicate for 30min to make it uniformly dispersed. Under bubbling and stirring, a 2mol / L KOH aqueous solution was added dropwise to the above solution until the pH value of the solution reached 12. Mn3O4 was obtained after being exposed to air for 6 hours, and the Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain the Mn3O4 precursor.

[0049] (II) The preparation method of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0050] The synthesized Mn3O4 was suspended in 100 ml of deionized water and 0.3 g of PVP (molecular weight 10,000) was added and rotated for 30 min. The Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain P-Mn3O4.

[0051] Example 4 Preparation of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4

[0052] (I) The preparation method of Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0053] Weigh 1g of MnSO4·H2O into a 1L beaker and add 100mL of deionized water, then ultrasonicate for 30min to make it uniformly dispersed. Under bubbling and stirring, a 2mol / L KOH aqueous solution was added dropwise to the above solution until the pH value of the solution reached 12. Mn3O4 was obtained after being exposed to air for 6 hours, and the Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain the Mn3O4 precursor.

[0054] (II) The preparation method of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0055] The synthesized Mn3O4 was suspended in 100 ml of deionized water and 0.4 g of PVP (molecular weight 10,000) was added and rotated for 30 min. The Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain P-Mn3O4.

[0056] Example 5 Preparation of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4

[0057] (I) The preparation method of Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0058] Weigh 1g of MnSO4·H2O into a 1L beaker and add 100mL of deionized water, then ultrasonicate for 30min to make it uniformly dispersed. Under bubbling and stirring, a 2mol / L KOH aqueous solution was added dropwise to the above solution until the pH value of the solution reached 12. Mn3O4 was obtained after being exposed to air for 6 hours, and the Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain the Mn3O4 precursor.

[0059] (II) The preparation method of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0060] The synthesized Mn3O4 was suspended in 100 ml of deionized water and 0.5 g of PVP (molecular weight 10,000) was added and rotated for 30 min. The Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain P-Mn3O4.

[0061] Example 6 Preparation of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4

[0062] (I) The preparation method of Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0063] Weigh 1g of MnSO4·H2O into a 1L beaker and add 100mL of deionized water, then ultrasonicate for 30min to make it uniformly dispersed. Under bubbling and stirring, a 2mol / L KOH aqueous solution was added dropwise to the above solution until the pH value of the solution reached 12. Mn3O4 was obtained after being exposed to air for 6 hours, and the Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain the Mn3O4 precursor.

[0064] (II) The preparation method of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0065] The synthesized Mn3O4 was suspended in 100 ml of deionized water and 0.2 g of PVP (molecular weight 24000) was added and rotated for 30 min. The Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain P-Mn3O4.

[0066] Example 7 Preparation of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4

[0067] (I) The preparation method of Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0068] Weigh 1g of MnSO4·H2O into a 1L beaker and add 100mL of deionized water, then ultrasonicate for 30min to make it uniformly dispersed. Under bubbling and stirring, a 2mol / L KOH aqueous solution was added dropwise to the above solution until the pH value of the solution reached 12. Mn3O4 was obtained after being exposed to air for 6 hours, and the Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain the Mn3O4 precursor.

[0069] (II) The preparation method of organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 is as follows:

[0070] The synthesized Mn3O4 was suspended in 100 ml of deionized water and 0.2 g of PVP (molecular weight 58000) was added and rotated for 30 min. The Mn3O4 precipitate was obtained by several washing-centrifugation cycles with deionized water until the solution became neutral. The collected precipitate was fully dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain P-Mn3O4.

[0071] Example 8

[0072] (I) An aqueous aluminum ion capacitor based on an organic polymer compound PVP doped with Mn3O4, the preparation method is as follows:

[0073] 1) Preparation of positive electrode: 70 mg of organic polymer compound doped with Mn3O4 obtained in Example 1 was mixed with 20 mg of SuperP and 10 mg of PVDF, and a small amount of NMP was added as a solvent to make the binder fully contact with other substances and evenly distribute them. Then it was directly applied on the substrate carbon paper. It was placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying and taken out to obtain a positive electrode sheet coated with organic polymer compound doped with Mn3O4;

[0074] 2) Preparation of negative electrode: Mix 70 mg of activated carbon with 20 mg of Super P and 10 mg of PVDF, then add a small amount of NMP as a solvent to make the binder fully contact with other substances and evenly distribute them. Then apply it directly on the substrate carbon paper. Put it in a vacuum drying oven to dry, take it out, and get the negative electrode sheet coated with activated carbon;

[0075] 3) Preparation of aqueous aluminum ion capacitors: Place the positive electrode piece into the positive electrode shell so that the side coated with the organic polymer compound PVP doped with Mn3O4 contacts the diaphragm, then place the cellulose diaphragm, and then drip a mixed electrolyte with a concentration of 2 mol / L aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.2 mol / L manganese bisfluoromethanesulfonate. Then place the negative electrode piece on top of the diaphragm so that the side coated with activated carbon contacts the diaphragm, then place the gasket and shrapnel in turn, and finally buckle the negative electrode shell. The thickness is 40 μm and it is packaged into a button-type device to obtain an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor.

[0076] (II) Performance test

[0077] In the comparative example, Mn3O4 material is used as the positive electrode material, and an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor containing Mn3O4 is prepared as above.

[0078] Figure 3 The cyclic voltammetry curve of the asymmetric aqueous aluminum ion capacitor made of manganese oxide and activated carbon prepared by the present invention. Figure 3 It can be seen that after the manganese oxide P-Mn3O4 obtained in Example 1 is doped with PVP, the cyclic voltammetry curve does not show an obvious hydrogen evolution trend at around 1.8V, has an obvious voltage platform, and it can be seen that its capacity is greater than that of the original Mn3O4 oxide.

[0079] Figure 4 1 is a graph showing the specific capacitance of the asymmetric aqueous aluminum ion capacitor of manganese oxide and activated carbon prepared by the present invention. Figure 4 It can be seen that after PVP doping, the discharge time of the manganese oxide P-Mn3O4 obtained in Example 1 increased by 848.9 seconds, and the specific capacitance was as high as 482.84 F / g, which was about 1.9 times greater than that of the original Mn3O4.

Claims

1. An organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining a manganate suspension based on an improved method: adding deionized water to the manganate, then ultrasonically treating it to make it uniformly dispersed, adjusting the pH value of the solution to alkaline under bubbling and stirring, and obtaining Mn3O4 after being exposed to air for a period of time, washing and centrifuging several times until the solution becomes neutral to harvest the precipitate, and vacuum drying to obtain Mn3O4; 2) The synthesized Mn3O4 is suspended in deionized water and an organic polymer compound PVP is added and rotated and stirred. The precipitate is harvested by washing and centrifugation several times until the solution becomes neutral, and vacuum dried to obtain a P-Mn3O4 composite material.

2. The organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the manganate is MnSO4·H2O.

3. The organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the pH value of the solution is adjusted to alkaline by adding KOH aqueous solution dropwise to the above solution until the pH value of the solution reaches 12.

4. The organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the organic polymer compound PVP is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

5. The organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of manganate: polyvinyl pyrrolidone = 1:0.1~0.

5.

6. The organic polymer compound PVP doped Mn3O4 electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the molecular weights of PVP are 10,000, 24,000 and 58,000 respectively.

7. Use of the organic polymer compound PVP doped with Mn3O4 as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 as a positive electrode material in an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: Here’s how: 1) Preparation of positive electrode: P-Mn3O4 is mixed evenly with conductive material and binder, a small amount of NMP is added as solvent, mixed evenly, and then directly applied on substrate carbon paper, dried in a vacuum drying oven, and taken out to obtain a positive electrode sheet coated with P-Mn3O4; 2) Preparation of negative electrode: After the activated carbon is evenly mixed with the conductive material and the binder, a small amount of NMP is added as a solvent, and after the mixture is evenly mixed, the mixture is directly applied on the substrate carbon paper, dried in a vacuum drying oven, and taken out to obtain a negative electrode sheet coated with activated carbon; 3) Preparation of aqueous aluminum ion capacitors: Place the positive electrode into the positive electrode shell so that the side coated with P-Mn3O4 contacts the diaphragm, then place the diaphragm, and then drip the electrolyte. Then place the negative electrode on top of the diaphragm so that the side coated with activated carbon contacts the diaphragm, then place the gasket and spring in turn, and finally buckle the negative electrode shell and encapsulate it to obtain an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor.

9. The aqueous aluminum ion capacitor based on P-Mn3O4 according to claim 8, characterized in that: The binder is PVDF or CMC, the conductive material is Super P or acetylene black, and the separator is one of a cellulose separator, a polypropylene membrane, a separator paper and a polymer semipermeable membrane.

10. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: Here’s how: 1) Preparation of positive electrode: P-Mn3O4 is mixed evenly with conductive material and binder, a small amount of NMP is added as solvent, mixed evenly, and then directly applied on substrate carbon paper, dried in a vacuum drying oven, and taken out to obtain a positive electrode sheet coated with P-Mn3O4; 2) Preparation of negative electrode: After the activated carbon is evenly mixed with the conductive material and the binder, a small amount of NMP is added as a solvent, and after the mixture is evenly mixed, the mixture is directly applied on the substrate carbon paper, dried in a vacuum drying oven, and taken out to obtain a negative electrode sheet coated with activated carbon; 3) The positive electrode sheet prepared in step 1) is used as the positive electrode, the negative electrode sheet prepared in step 2) is used as the negative electrode, and the electrolyte is a mixed electrolyte of 2 mol / L aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.2 mol / L manganese bisfluoromethanesulfonate to obtain an aqueous aluminum ion capacitor.

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