Medium-voltage vacuum circuit breaker

Abstract

The present invention relates to a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker (100) comprising a rotatable drive shaft (110), a vacuum interrupter unit (120), and a linkage mechanism (130) connecting the drive shaft (110) to the vacuum interrupter unit (120).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a circuit breaker, in particular to a medium voltage circuit breaker, more particularly to a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker, and even more particularly to a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker with a linkage mechanism. Background Art

[0002] A circuit breaker is a switching device that performs a protective function against faults occurring in an associated circuit. A circuit breaker can be actuated to a closed position in a make operation, in which the circuit breaker allows current to flow between two parts of an associated circuit, and can also be actuated to an open position in a break operation, in which the circuit breaker interrupts such current flow. In particular, circuit breakers can be used to interrupt fault currents, such as overload currents or short circuit currents.

[0003] The circuit breaker comprises at least one interrupter unit, which usually comprises a movable contact and a stationary contact. Actuation of the circuit breaker usually involves a mechanism for moving the movable contact between a closed position where the movable contact and the stationary contact are in contact and an open position where the movable contact and the stationary contact are spaced apart from each other.

[0004] In a vacuum circuit breaker, the arc extinguishing medium and the insulating medium of the contact gap after arc extinguishing are vacuum. The arc extinguishing medium and the insulating medium of the contact gap are usually contained in one or more interrupter units of the circuit breaker. Vacuum circuit breakers are usually used in power distribution networks.

[0005] It is understandable that circuit breakers need to safely and reliably complete make and break operations, which typically involve forces in the thousands of Newtons range within a few milliseconds. Therefore, strict performance and reliability specifications are imposed on the mechanism that moves the moving contact (including any linkage mechanism that transmits and / or transforms motion to the moving contact).

[0006] Furthermore, circuit breakers are often required to conform to specific size constraints. Therefore, in addition to performance and reliability specifications, the circuit breaker mechanism also faces the challenge of space constraints.

[0007] In view of the above, there is a need in the art for a compact, reliable and safe circuit breaker. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of current needs, an object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker with a compact structure, reliability and safety, in particular a circuit breaker with a linkage mechanism / connecting rod mechanism.

[0009] In order to provide a brief summary of the invention, various aspects of the invention are described below.

[0010] According to one aspect, a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker is proposed. The medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker includes a rotatable drive shaft, a vacuum interrupter unit, and a linkage mechanism connecting the drive shaft to the vacuum interrupter unit. The vacuum interrupter unit includes a moving contact and a stationary contact, the moving contact can move between a closed position and an open position along the axis of the moving contact and includes a moving contact rod. The linkage mechanism includes at least two rigid links, which include an upstream link and a downstream link rotatably connected to each other via an upstream joint, and the linkage mechanism is configured to be driven by the drive shaft, and at least via the upstream link, the upstream joint, and the downstream link, the rotational motion of the drive shaft is converted into a linear motion of the moving contact along the axis of the moving contact. The linkage mechanism is configured to move toward a kinematic singularity position when the moving contact approaches the closed position during a closing operation. The kinematic singularity position of the linkage mechanism is defined as an angle of the upstream joint of 0 degrees, and the angle of the upstream joint is located between the upstream link and the downstream link. The drive shaft is arranged as a stop for the linkage, preventing the linkage from reaching said kinematic singularity position during a closing operation.

[0011] Advantageously, a circuit breaker having a linkage mechanism is provided that is compact, reliable and safe.

[0012] Further aspects, embodiments and examples of the present invention and advantages thereof will be further understood from the detailed description which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings which are briefly described as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Aspects, embodiments and examples of the invention and advantages thereof will appear more clearly from the detailed description, which is illustrated by way of example and not limitation with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0014] Figure 1 A circuit breaker having a linkage mechanism according to aspects and embodiments described herein is shown;

[0015] Figure 2 The linkage mechanism as described herein is shown when the moving contact is in the open position;

[0016] Figure 3 shows the linkage mechanism as described herein when the moving contact is in the closed position;

[0017] Figure 4 shows a drive shaft arranged to act as a stop for a linkage mechanism as described herein;

[0018] Figure 5A and 5B The linkage mechanism as described herein is shown in a position closer to the disconnected position;

[0019] Fig. 6A and Figure 6B The linkage mechanism as described herein is shown in a position closer to a closed position;

[0020] Figure 7 shows the driving mechanism when the moving contact as described herein is in the open position;

[0021] Figure 8 shows the drive mechanism when the moving contact as described herein is in the closed position;

[0022] Fig. 9 shows a drive shaft arranged to act as a stop for a drive mechanism as described herein;

[0023] Fig.10 Yet another example of a linkage mechanism as described herein is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Various aspects and embodiments will now be described in more detail, one or more examples of which are shown in each of the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, the same reference numerals represent the same or similar components. The reference numerals used in the drawings are for illustration only.

[0025] Unless otherwise stated, features shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used alone or in combination with any other embodiment. The description of a portion or aspect in one embodiment also applies to the corresponding portion or aspect in another embodiment, and unless otherwise stated, any aspect described may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment described herein. Each example is provided by way of illustration and is not meant to be limiting. Typically, only the differences relative to the various embodiments are described.

[0026] Circuit breaker and linkage mechanism

[0027] Figure 1 A circuit breaker having a linkage mechanism according to aspects and embodiments described herein is shown.

[0028] According to one aspect, a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker includes a rotatable drive shaft 110 , a vacuum interrupter unit 120 , and a linkage mechanism 130 coupling the drive shaft 110 to the vacuum interrupter unit 120 .

[0029] According to this aspect, the vacuum interrupter unit 120 includes a movable contact 122 and a stationary contact 126 , the movable contact 122 being movable along its axis between a closed position and an open position and including a movable contact rod 124 .

[0030] Figure 2 and Figure 3The linkage mechanism according to the aspects and embodiments described herein is shown, and specifically, the situations where the moving contact is in an open position and a closed position are respectively shown.

[0031] According to this aspect, the linkage mechanism 130 includes at least two rigid links, including an upstream link 132 and a downstream link 136 rotatably connected to each other via an upstream joint 134, and the linkage mechanism 130 is configured to be driven by the drive shaft 110 and convert the rotational movement of the drive shaft 110 into a linear movement of the moving contact 122 along the axis of the moving contact 122 via at least the upstream link 132, the upstream joint 134 and the downstream link 136.

[0032] According to this aspect, the linkage mechanism 130 is configured to move toward a kinematic singularity position when the moving contact 122 approaches the closed position during a closing operation, and the kinematic singularity position of the linkage mechanism 130 is defined by a 0 degree angle of the upstream joint 134, and the angle of the upstream joint 134 is located between the upstream link 132 and the downstream link 136.

[0033] Advantageously, since the linkage mechanism moves toward a kinematic singularity when the movable contact approaches the closed position, the distribution of the reaction force in the linkage mechanism, especially on the drive shaft, changes to a distribution in which the bending force gradually increases and the torque gradually decreases.

[0034] Generally speaking, the reaction torque is held by some mechanism (usually a locking mechanism). Therefore, reducing the reaction torque has great benefits for the wear on the mechanism.

[0035] Beneficially, the linkage mechanism is more able to withstand greater static stresses and correspondingly less wear, particularly in the closed position, which is the position in which the movable contacts are typically located during circuit breaker operation.

[0036] Figure 4 A drive shaft arranged to function as a stop for a linkage mechanism is shown according to aspects and embodiments described herein.

[0037] According to this aspect, the drive shaft 110 is arranged as a stopper for the linkage mechanism 130 , hindering the linkage mechanism 130 from reaching a kinematic singularity position during a closing operation.

[0038] Advantageously, because the drive shaft itself impedes the linkage from reaching the kinematic singularity position, the linkage is prevented from moving through the kinematic singularity position and becoming damaged and / or stuck.

[0039] Combined with configuring the linkage to move toward a kinematic singularity, which greatly reduces static wear and makes the circuit breaker safer and more reliable, using a drive shaft to prevent the linkage from moving through the kinematic singularity results in a safer, more reliable mechanism that can handle large dynamic forces during movement toward the kinematic singularity.

[0040] That is, by combining the movement toward the kinematic singularity and arranging the drive shaft as a stopper of the linkage mechanism, the advantages of safety and reliability are greatly increased.

[0041] Furthermore, the arrangement of the drive shaft as a stop for the linkage is particularly space-saving and simple, since the linkage itself prevents itself from reaching the kinematic singularity position.

[0042] Advantageously, the linkage mechanism is safe and reliable without adding complexity and increasing the number of parts, especially when higher forces (eg, 1 to 100 kN) and fast switching (eg, 1 to 1000 ms) occur during closing.

[0043] Upstream joint and upstream joint angle

[0044] The angle of the upstream joint 134 can be understood as the angle between a first line extending from the upstream joint 134 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 (and / or perpendicular to the rotation axis of the upstream joint 134) to the drive shaft 110 and a second line extending from the upstream joint 134 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 (and / or perpendicular to the rotation axis of the upstream joint 134) to the downstream joint 238.

[0045] In one embodiment, the downstream joint 238 is disposed on the downstream link 136 and / or is operable to couple movement of the downstream link 136 to movement of the moving contact 122 .

[0046] The angle of the upstream joint 134 may be understood as an angle within a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the upstream joint 134 and / or an angle within a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 .

[0047] The angle of the upstream joint 134 can be understood as the angle between a first line connecting the upstream joint 134 and the downstream joint 238 and a second line connecting the upstream joint 134 and the drive shaft 110 (for example, at the connection point of the drive shaft 110 and the upstream connecting rod 132).

[0048] The angle of the upstream joint 134 can be understood as the angle between a first radial extension line and a second radial extension line, wherein the first radial extension line extends from the center of the upstream joint 134 to the center of the drive shaft 110 , and the second radial extension line extends radially from the center of the upstream joint 134 to the center of the downstream joint 238 .

[0049] Kinematic singularity position

[0050] The linkage mechanism 130 may be understood to be in a kinematic singularity position when the first line is collinear with the second line and / or when the angle of the upstream joint 134 is 0 degrees.

[0051] The kinematic singularity position of the linkage mechanism 130 may be understood to correspond to the maximum value of the ratio of the (transmittable / transmitted) torque in the drive shaft 110 to the angular velocity of the upstream joint 134 .

[0052] In a specific example, the kinematic singularity position of the linkage mechanism 130 may be understood to correspond to the minimum portion of the ratio of the torque (transmittable / transmitted) generated by the upstream link 132 on the drive shaft 110 to the bending force generated by the upstream link 132 on the drive shaft 110 .

[0053] It can be understood that this article describes the kinematic singularity position of the linkage mechanism to support the understanding of the obstruction situation, and because the linkage mechanism is obstructed (by the drive shaft) and cannot reach the kinematic singularity position, the linkage mechanism described in this article cannot actually reach the kinematic singularity position.

[0054] Upstream connecting rod and downstream connecting rod

[0055] In one embodiment, the upstream connecting rod 132 is a rod non-rotatably coupled to the drive shaft 110 at the upstream end portion of the upstream connecting rod 132. The upstream end portion of the upstream connecting rod 132 can be understood as the end portion of the upstream connecting rod 132 that is closer or closest (in the kinematic chain and / or relative to the downstream end portion) to the drive shaft 110.

[0056] In one embodiment, the upstream link 132 is rotatably coupled to the downstream link 136 via an upstream joint 134 at the downstream end portion of the upstream link 132. The downstream end portion of the upstream link 132 may be understood as the end portion of the upstream link 132 that is farther or farthest from the drive shaft 110 (in the kinematic chain and / or relative to the upstream end portion).

[0057] In one example, the upstream link 132 is the first link located on the interrupter unit side of the drive shaft 110. In one example, the upstream joint 134 is the first joint located on the interrupter unit side of the drive shaft 110.

[0058] The term “interrupter unit side of the drive shaft” may be understood as a side or end of the drive shaft 110 that is closer to the interrupter unit in the kinematic chain of the linkage mechanism.

[0059] The term "first link" or "first joint" may be understood as the link or joint that is closest to or proximal to the drive shaft 110, for example, relative to other links or joints in the linkage mechanism (located on the intermittent unit side of the drive shaft).

[0060] Advantageously, by arranging the upstream link and the upstream joint closest to the drive shaft, the drive shaft can be arranged to hinder the drive mechanism from reaching a kinematic singularity position.

[0061] Closed position angle and blocked position angle

[0062] In one embodiment, the closed position angle of the upstream joint 134 is at least 1 degree and / or at most 50 degrees. In one embodiment, the closed position angle of the upstream joint 134 is greater than 20 degrees and / or less than 30 degrees, such as 25 degrees (see Figure 3 ).

[0063] The closed position angle of the upstream joint 134 may be understood as the angle of the upstream joint 134 when the moving contact 122 is in the closed position.

[0064] When the closed position angle of the upstream joint 134 is smaller, such as less than 45 degrees, less energy remains in the kinematic chain as the moving contact approaches the closed position, and the chance of component collision during the closing process is beneficially minimized.

[0065] When the closed position angle is a limited angle from 0 degrees, for example greater than 5 degrees, the circuit breaker is improved, especially in terms of kinematic chain tolerances, such as linkage and drive mechanism size tolerances and drive unit energy tolerances.

[0066] In one embodiment, the obstructed position angle of the upstream joint 134 is greater than 0 degrees and / or less than 20 degrees, preferably greater than 0 degrees and / or less than 10 degrees, for example 5 degrees (see Figure 4 ).

[0067] The blocked position angle of the upstream joint 134 can be understood as the minimum angle that the upstream joint 134 can reach or achieve before the drive shaft 110 acts as a stopper, that is, before the drive shaft hinders further movement of the linkage mechanism, more specifically, before the downstream connecting rod 136 contacts or abuts the drive shaft 110.

[0068] When the upstream joint 134 is at the blocked position angle, it can be understood that the linkage mechanism 130 is blocked (blocked by the drive shaft 110) and cannot reach the kinematic singular point position (during the closing operation).

[0069] In one example, when the downstream link 136 is in contact with or abutting the drive shaft 110 , the upstream joint 134 is in the blocked position angle.

[0070] Advantageously, when the blocked position angle of the upstream joint 134 is greater than 0 degrees, a margin to the kinematic singularity position is provided, thereby effectively preventing the linkage mechanism from moving through the kinematic singularity position.

[0071] Advantageously, when the obstructed position angle of the upstream joint 134 is limited and small, such as greater than 0 degrees and less than 20 degrees, even if an impact occurs during closing, the impact energy is small and component damage can be avoided.

[0072] In one embodiment, the closed position angle of the upstream joint 134 is at least 1 degree greater than the blocked position angle of the upstream joint 134, and preferably at least 5 degrees greater (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ).

[0073] Advantageously, when the difference between the closed position angle of the upstream joint 134 and the blocked position angle of the upstream joint 134 is limited, such as at least 1 degree, clearance from the blocked position angle is provided and collision can be avoided.

[0074] Ratio of angular motion to linear motion

[0075] Figure 5A and Figure 5B The linkage mechanism as described herein is shown in a position closer to the disconnected position. More specifically, Figure 5A The linkage is shown to have an angular displacement of about one third of the way to the disconnected position, while Figure 5B The resulting linear displacement of about 2 arbitrary units is shown, which corresponds to an angular displacement of about one third from the open position.

[0076] Fig. 6A and Figure 6B The linkage is shown in a position closer to the closed position. More specifically, Fig. 6A The linkage is shown to have an angular displacement of about one third of the way from the closed position, while Figure 6B The resulting linear displacement of approximately 1 arbitrary unit is shown, which corresponds to an angular displacement of approximately one third from the closed position.

[0077] In one embodiment, the linkage mechanism 130 is configured to convert the rotational motion of the drive shaft 110 into the linear motion of the movable contact 122 , and the rate of the linear motion decreases as the movable contact 122 approaches the closed position, ie, when the movable contact 122 moves from the open position to the closed position.

[0078] exist FIG. 5A to FIG. 6B In the example shown, the first third of the rotational angular displacement of the drive shaft 110 is converted into approximately twice as much linear displacement of the actuating joint 244 and thus of the moving contact 122 as the last third of the angular displacement from the open position toward the closed position.

[0079] Therefore, from FIG. 5A to FIG. 6B As will be appreciated from the examples shown and described herein, the linkage mechanism can be configured to convert rotary motion to linear motion at a decreasing rate as the movable contact 122 approaches the closed position.

[0080] In yet another example, the linkage mechanism 130 may be configured to convert the rotational motion of the drive shaft 110 into the linear motion of the movable contact 122 at a gradually increasing rate as the movable contact 122 approaches the open position when the movable contact 122 moves from the closed position to the open position.

[0081] It can be easily understood that when the movable contact 122 approaches the closed position and / or when the movable contact 122 moves from the open position to the closed position, the reduction of the linear displacement of the movable contact 122 corresponding to each angular displacement of the drive shaft 110 can be achieved in different ways.

[0082] For example, the linkage mechanism 130 may include an upstream link 132 , a downstream link 136 and an actuating link 240 , a (swivel) upstream joint 134 rotatably connecting the upstream link 132 and the downstream link 136 , and a (swivel) downstream joint 238 rotatably connecting the downstream link 136 and the actuating link 240 .

[0083] In another example, the linkage mechanism 130 may include an upstream link 132 and a downstream link 136 (excluding the actuating link 240), wherein the moving contact 122 is connected to the downstream link 136 via a (swivel) joint, and another joint is arranged on the downstream link 136 to anchor the downstream link 136 to the frame.

[0084] Fig.10 1 shows another example of how to implement the linkage mechanism 130. More specifically, the linkage mechanism 130 can be implemented using four rods as shown, each pair of rods being rotatably coupled. In the example shown, the anchor end seen on the left corresponds to the drive shaft. With the linkage mechanism 130 shown, the rotational motion of the drive shaft can be converted into the linear motion of the moving contact 122.

[0085] When the movable contact 122 approaches the closed position, the two rods closest to the left anchor end move toward each other and toward the kinematic singularity position. When the movable contact 122 is in the closed position, the two rods approach the kinematic singularity position. In the example shown, the two rods collide with each other before reaching the kinematic singularity position, so the linkage mechanism 130 prevents itself from reaching the kinematic singularity position.

[0086] Advantageously, by providing a linear displacement per angular displacement that tapers off as the closed position is approached, several benefits can be achieved including: reduced force / energy and slower movement as the moving contact approaches the closed position, less bounce and improved accuracy at the end of travel, i.e. when the moving contact reaches the closed position, and less need for fine-tuning of the contact spring when the contact spring is arranged on the moving contact.

[0087] A contact spring may be understood as a spring that stores energy when the moving contact approaches a closed position and is, for example, arranged on the moving contact for slowing down the moving contact when the moving contact approaches a closed position and / or for providing an appropriate force to keep the moving contact in a closed position and / or for providing energy for moving the moving contact during a breaking operation (particularly during the start of a breaking operation).

[0088] Further benefits are provided by the reduction in linear displacement per angular displacement as the closed position is approached, including at least one of: increased breaking force / energy and accelerated motion as the moving contact moves from the closed position, and improved weld breakage during breaking, and the need for less fine-tuning of the contact spring force (e.g., during installation of the circuit breaker).

[0089] The disconnect spring may be understood as a spring storing energy when the movable contact moves to the closed position and / or a spring for supporting the movable contact to move from the closed position to the disconnected position and / or a spring for keeping the movable contact in the disconnected position.

[0090] Actuation linkage, downstream joint, actuation joint and anchor joint

[0091] Figure 2 and Figure 3 A linkage mechanism is shown. Some further embodiments and examples are further described herein, including embodiments and examples related to an actuation link, a downstream joint, an actuation joint, and an anchor joint.

[0092] In one example, the downstream joint 238 is a swivel joint. In one example, the downstream joint 238 couples the downstream link 136 to the moving contact 122 , for example, via the actuation link 240 and / or the actuation joint 244 .

[0093] In one example, the downstream joint 238 couples the downstream connecting rod 136 to the moving contact 122 via the moving contact rod 124 of the moving contact 122 .

[0094] In one embodiment, linkage mechanism 130 includes a rigid actuation link 240 rotatably coupled to downstream link 136 via downstream joint 238 .

[0095] In one embodiment, the actuation link 240 is a lever.

[0096] As will be appreciated, the actuation link 240 is rotatably coupled to, for example, the frame 150 and / or housing of the circuit breaker 100 at the anchor joint 242 .

[0097] The actuation link 240 may be rotatably coupled to the moving contact 122 , eg, to a moving contact rod 124 of the moving contact 122 , via an actuation joint 244 disposed on the actuation link 240 between the downstream joint 238 and the anchor joint 242 .

[0098] In one example, an actuation joint 244 coupling the actuation link 240 to the moving contact 122 is disposed closer to the anchor joint 242 than to the downstream joint 238 .

[0099] Beneficially, the linkage has a mechanical torque advantage when moving between the open position and the closed position and, in addition, particularly in the closed position, a favorable distribution of reaction forces between the downstream joint 238 and the anchor joint 242, specifically, the reaction forces acting on the drive shaft (via the downstream link and the upstream link) are smaller relative to the reaction forces acting on the frame (via the anchor joint).

[0100] In addition, since the actuating joint 244 is arranged on the actuating link 240 between the downstream joint 238 and the anchor joint 242, that is, the downstream joint 238 and the anchor joint 242 are located on both sides of the actuating joint 244, it can be understood that the linkage mechanism is arranged around the moving contact (rather than arranged in a separate space). Advantageously, the linkage mechanism is compact.

[0101] In addition, the actuating joint 244 is arranged closer to the anchor joint 242 than to the downstream joint 238, providing space for the drive shaft 110, ie the linkage mechanism is arranged closely around the moving contact. Advantageously, the linkage mechanism is particularly compact.

[0102] Nominal operating angle of linkage mechanism

[0103] In one embodiment, the nominal operating angle of the upstream joint 134 is 1 degree to 90 degrees, preferably 2 degrees to 60 degrees.

[0104] In one embodiment, the nominal operating angle of the downstream joint 238 is 30 degrees to 110 degrees, preferably 35 degrees to 105 degrees, more preferably 40 degrees to 100 degrees, and most preferably 45 degrees to 95 degrees.

[0105] Advantageously, a particularly compact, reliable and safe linkage is provided.

[0106] The angle of the downstream joint 238 can be understood as the angle between a third line extending from the downstream joint 238 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 (and / or perpendicular to the rotation axis of the downstream joint 238) to the upstream joint 134 and a fourth line extending from the downstream joint 238 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 (and / or perpendicular to the rotation axis of the downstream joint 238) to the anchor joint 242.

[0107] Other aspects of linkage mechanism

[0108] It will be appreciated that the linkage mechanism 130 is configured to transmit the movement of the drive shaft 110 into the movement of the moving contact 122, and / or to convert the rotational movement of the drive shaft 110 into a substantially / mainly (for example, more than 50% or more than 75% of the displacement is linear or along a straight line) linear movement of the moving contact 122.

[0109] Generally speaking, the linkage may be configured to transfer force from the drive unit to the interrupter unit.The linkage may be understood as a mechanical linkage.

[0110] In one example, one or more or all of the upstream link 132 , the downstream link 136 , the actuation link 240 , the inner link 462 , the outer link 466 , and the operating link 470 are rods or bars.

[0111] The rotatable drive shaft 110 may be understood to be configured to transmit an actuation force, in particular an actuation force for closing or opening, to the interrupter unit 120 , in particular to the moving contact 122 .

[0112] In one example, the upstream end portion of the rotatable drive shaft 110 is operably coupled to the drive mechanism 460. In one example, the downstream end portion of the rotatable drive shaft 110 is operably coupled to the linkage mechanism 130.

[0113] In one embodiment, the axes of rotation of two or more or all of the drive shaft 110, the upstream joint 134, the downstream joint 238, the anchor joint 242, and the actuation joint 244 are parallel.

[0114] Advantageously, due to the parallel movement, the components can be arranged next to one another and the linkage is particularly compact.

[0115] In one embodiment, one or more or all of the upstream joint 134, the downstream joint 238, the anchor joint 242, and the actuation joint 244 are swivel joints.

[0116] Advantageously, the kinematic chain of the linkage is planar.

[0117] In one embodiment, the material of the drive shaft 110 is metal. In one example, at least 80% by mass, preferably at least 90% by mass of the drive shaft 110 is metal. In one example, the core of the drive shaft 110 is metal.

[0118] In one embodiment, the upstream connecting rod 132 and / or the downstream connecting rod 136 are made of metal. In one example, at least 80% by mass, preferably at least 90% by mass, of the upstream connecting rod 132 and / or the downstream connecting rod 136 are made of metal. In one example, the core of the upstream connecting rod 132 and / or the downstream connecting rod 136 is made of metal.

[0119] Advantageously, in the closed position, due to the smaller angle of the upstream joint, the reaction forces are distributed more to the shaft bending and the reaction torque is correspondingly reduced, resulting in significantly better wear characteristics and therefore better reliability, the drive shaft correspondingly undergoing more bending. Therefore, the metal drive shaft is able to withstand bending very well and also has good torsional strength, which, combined with the good bending strength of the metal upstream and / or downstream links, is particularly beneficial for the high dynamic forces that occur during switching. Advantageously, the circuit breaker is safe and reliable.

[0120] In one embodiment, the material of the linkage mechanism 130 or the movable contact assembly (eg, components between the downstream link 136 and the movable contact 122 ) is electrically insulating to electrically insulate the drive shaft 110 from the movable contact 122 .

[0121] In one embodiment, when the movable contact 122 is in the closed position (when viewed along / from the axis of the drive shaft 110), the upstream joint 134, the downstream joint 238 and the actuating joint 244 form a triangle (in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft 110), wherein the drive shaft 110 is arranged so that the axis of the drive shaft 110 is located within the triangle. Advantageously, a compact linkage mechanism is provided.

[0122] It will be appreciated that when the downstream link 136 contacts or abuts the drive shaft 110 , the linkage mechanism 130 is in the blocked position.

[0123] In one embodiment, (when viewed along / from the axial direction of the drive shaft 110), the linkage mechanism 130 is in a blocked position, and the straight line connecting the upstream joint 134 and the downstream joint 238 intersects the drive shaft 110 (in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft 110), wherein the downstream link 136 has a curved form so that the angle of the upstream joint 134 is limited and small, for example greater than 0 degrees and less than 20 degrees.

[0124] In one example, the downstream connecting rod 136 has a recessed portion arranged to face the drive shaft 110 .

[0125] The benefit is that even if an impact occurs during closing, the impact energy is small and part damage can be avoided.

[0126] Driving mechanism

[0127] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The driving mechanism according to the embodiments and examples described herein is shown, and specifically, the situations when the moving contact is in the open position and the closed position are respectively shown.

[0128] In one embodiment, the circuit breaker includes a drive mechanism 460, which includes at least two rigid links, including an inner link 462 and an outer link 466 rotatably connected to each other via an inner joint 464, and the drive mechanism 460 is configured to transmit driving energy to the drive shaft 110 via at least the inner link 462, the outer link 466 and the inner joint 464.

[0129] In one embodiment, the drive mechanism 460 is configured to move toward a drive kinematic singularity position when the moving contact 122 approaches the disconnected position during a disconnecting operation, wherein the kinematic singularity position of the drive mechanism 460 is defined by the inner joint 464 having an angle of 0 degrees between the inner link 462 and the outer link 466 .

[0130] Advantageously, since the drive mechanism moves toward the drive kinematic singularity when the movable contact approaches the open position, the distribution of reaction forces in the drive mechanism, in particular the torque on the operating link 470, is reduced.

[0131] In the open position, the open spring may hold the moving contact in the open position, and a reduced holding torque is beneficial.

[0132] Fig. 9 A drive shaft is shown that hinders a drive mechanism from reaching a drive kinematic singularity position according to embodiments and examples described herein.

[0133] In one embodiment, the drive shaft 110 is arranged as a stopper for the drive mechanism 460 , which prevents the drive mechanism 460 from reaching a drive kinematic singularity position during a disconnect operation.

[0134] Advantageously, since the drive shaft itself hinders the drive mechanism from reaching the kinematic singularity position, the drive mechanism can be prevented from moving past the drive kinematic singularity position and becoming damaged and / or stuck.

[0135] Combined with configuring the drive mechanism to move toward the drive kinematic singularity, thereby greatly reducing static wear and making the circuit breaker safer and more reliable, using a drive shaft to prevent the drive mechanism from moving through the drive kinematic singularity produces a safer, more reliable mechanism that can handle large dynamic forces during movement toward the drive kinematic singularity.

[0136] That is, by combining the movement towards the drive kinematic singularity and the arrangement of the drive shaft as a stop for the drive mechanism, the safety and reliability benefits are greatly increased.

[0137] Furthermore, the arrangement of the drive shaft as a stop for the drive mechanism is particularly space-saving and simple, since the drive mechanism itself prevents itself from reaching the singularity position of the drive kinematics.

[0138] Advantageously, the drive mechanism is safe and reliable without increasing complexity and the number of components, especially when large forces (e.g., 1 to 100 kN) and fast switching (e.g., 1 to 1000 ms) occur during disconnection. For example, the linear speed of the moving contact 122 (e.g., during disconnection or closing) can be 0.3 m / s to 10 m / s, or more specifically between 0.5 m / s and 3 m / s. In another example, for example, the peak force on or at the actuating joint 244 (e.g., during disconnection or closing) can be 1 kN to 100 kN.

[0139] Internal joint and internal joint angle

[0140] The angle of the inner joint 464 can be understood as the angle between a first driving line extending from the inner joint 464 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 (and / or perpendicular to the rotation axis of the inner joint 464) to the drive shaft 110 and a second driving line extending from the inner joint 464 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 (and / or perpendicular to the rotation axis of the inner joint 464) to the outer joint 468.

[0141] In one embodiment, the outer joint 468 is disposed on the outer link 466 and / or is operable to couple the movement of the outer link 466 to a drive unit (not shown).

[0142] The angle of the inner joint 464 may be understood as an angle within a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the inner joint 464 and / or an angle within a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 .

[0143] The angle of the inner joint 464 can be understood as the angle between a first drive line connecting the inner joint 464 and the outer joint 468 and a second drive line connecting the drive shaft 110 and the inner joint 464 at the connection point of the drive shaft 110 and the inner link 462, for example.

[0144] The angle of the inner joint 464 can be understood as the angle between a first radially extending drive line extending from the center of the inner joint 464 to the center of the drive shaft 110 and a second radially extending drive line extending radially from the center of the inner joint 464 to the center of the outer joint 468.

[0145] Drive kinematic singularity position

[0146] The drive mechanism 460 may be understood to be in a drive kinematic singularity position when the first line is collinear with the second line and / or when the angle of the inner joint 464 is 0 degrees.

[0147] The drive kinematic singularity position of the drive mechanism 460 can be understood as corresponding to the maximum value of the ratio of the (transmittable / transmitted) torque in the drive shaft 110 to the angular velocity of the nipple 464 .

[0148] The kinematic singular point position of the linkage mechanism 130 may be understood as corresponding to the minimum value of the ratio of the torque (transmittable / transmitted) generated by the inner link 462 on the drive shaft 110 to the bending force generated by the inner link 462 on the drive shaft 110 .

[0149] It can be understood that this article describes the driving kinematics singularity position of the driving mechanism to support the understanding of the obstruction situation, and because the driving mechanism is obstructed (by the driving shaft) and cannot reach the driving kinematics singularity position, the driving mechanism as described in this article cannot actually reach the driving kinematics singularity position.

[0150] Inner and outer connecting rods

[0151] In one embodiment, the inner link 462 is a rod that is non-rotatably coupled to the drive shaft 110 at the drive end portion of the inner link 462. The drive end portion of the inner link 462 can be understood as the end portion of the inner link 462 that is closer to or closest to the drive shaft 110 (in the kinematic chain and / or relative to the driven / driven end portion of the inner link 462).

[0152] In one embodiment, the inner link 462 is rotatably coupled to the outer link 466 via an inner joint 464 at a driven end portion of the inner link 462. The driven end portion of the inner joint 464 may be understood as the end portion of the inner joint 464 that is farther or farthest from the drive shaft 110 (in the kinematic chain and / or relative to the driving end portion of the inner link 462).

[0153] In one example, the inner link 462 is the first link located on the drive unit side of the drive shaft 110. In one example, the inner joint 464 is the first joint located on the drive unit side of the drive shaft 110.

[0154] The term “drive unit side of the drive shaft” may be understood as a side or end of the drive shaft 110 that is closer to the drive unit (not shown) in the kinematic chain of the drive mechanism.

[0155] The term "first connecting rod" or "first joint" may be understood as the connecting rod or joint that is closest to or proximate to the drive shaft 110, for example relative to other connecting rods or joints in the drive mechanism (located on the drive unit side of the drive shaft).

[0156] Open position angle and blocked position angle

[0157] In one embodiment, the open position angle of the inner joint 464 is at least 1 degree and / or at most 50 degrees. In one embodiment, the open position angle of the inner joint 464 is at least 5 degrees and / or at most 40 degrees. In one illustrative example, the open position angle of the inner joint 464 is 25 degrees (see, e.g., Figure 7 ).

[0158] The open position angle of the inner joint 464 may be understood as the angle of the inner joint 464 when the moving contact 122 is in the disconnected position.

[0159] When the open position angle of the inner contact 464 is smaller, such as less than 45 degrees, the energy remaining in the kinematic chain is smaller when the moving contact approaches the disconnected position, and the possibility of parts colliding during disconnection is beneficially minimized.

[0160] When the open position angle is a limited angle from 0 degrees, for example greater than 5 degrees, the circuit breaker is improved, especially in terms of kinematic chain tolerances, such as linkage and drive mechanism size tolerances and drive unit energy tolerances.

[0161] In one embodiment, the blocking position angle of the inner joint 464 is at least 1 degree and / or at most 50 degrees. In one illustrative example, the blocking position angle of the inner joint is 5 degrees (see, e.g., Fig. 9 ).

[0162] The blocking position angle of the inner joint 464 can be understood as the minimum angle that the inner joint 464 can reach or achieve before the drive shaft 110 acts as a stopper, that is, before the drive shaft hinders further movement of the drive mechanism, more specifically, before the inner connecting rod 462 contacts or abuts the drive shaft 110.

[0163] When the inner joint 464 is at the blocking position angle, it can be understood that the drive mechanism 460 is blocked (by the drive shaft 110 ) and cannot reach the drive kinematic singular point position (during the disconnection operation).

[0164] In one example, when the inner link 462 contacts or abuts the drive shaft 110 , the inner joint 464 is in the blocking position angle.

[0165] Beneficially, when the blocking position angle of the inner joint 464 is greater than 0 degrees, a margin to the drive kinematic singularity position is provided, thereby effectively preventing the drive mechanism from moving through the kinematic singularity position.

[0166] Advantageously, when the blocking position angle of the inner joint 464 is limited and small, for example, greater than 0 degrees and less than 20 degrees, even if it is impacted during disconnection, the impact energy is small and damage to parts can be avoided.

[0167] In one embodiment, the open position angle of the inner joint 464 is at least 1 degree greater than the blocked position angle of the upstream joint 134, and preferably at least 5 degrees greater (see Figure 7 and Fig. 9 ).

[0168] Advantageously, when the difference between the closed position angle of the upstream joint 134 and the blocked position angle of the upstream joint 134 is limited, such as at least 1 degree, clearance from the blocked position angle is provided and impacts can be avoided.

[0169] Drive unit

[0170] It can be understood that the driving unit can be configured to drive the rotation of the driving shaft 110 , in particular to move the moving contact 122 between the closed position and the open position.

[0171] In one example, the driving unit may include a closing actuator for driving the driving shaft 110 to move the moving contact from the open position toward the closed position.

[0172] In one example, the driving unit may include an opening spring or an opening actuator for driving the driving shaft 110 to move the moving contact from the closed position toward the open position.

[0173] In general, the drive unit can be implemented as a mechanical spring and / or an electromagnetic actuator. Advantageously, the force applied by the hand (e.g., in the range of 0.1 to 100 N) is strengthened or amplified by the drive unit. In one example, the drive unit can provide at least 50 J and / or at most 500 J of energy.

[0174] Operating links, external joints, operating joints and supporting joints

[0175] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A drive mechanism is shown. Some further embodiments and examples are further described herein, including embodiments and examples related to operating links, outer joints, drive joints, and support joints.

[0176] In one example, the outer joint 468 is a swivel joint. In one example, the outer joint 468 couples the outer link 466 to a drive unit (not shown), for example via an operating link 470 and / or an operating joint 474 .

[0177] In one example, the outer joint 468 couples the outer link 466 to the drive unit via a push rod of the drive unit.

[0178] In one embodiment, the drive mechanism 460 includes a rigid operating link 470 rotatably coupled to the outer link 466 via an outer joint 468 .

[0179] In one embodiment, the operating link 470 is a lever.

[0180] The operating link 470 may be understood to be rotatably coupled to, for example, the support 180 and / or the housing of the circuit breaker 100 at a support joint 472 .

[0181] The operating joint 474 may be rotatably coupled to a drive unit, for example, to a push rod of the drive unit, via the operating joint 474 arranged on the operating link 470. In one example, the drive mechanism 460 and / or the operating link 470 are configured to be driven by an actuation energy source.

[0182] Other aspects of the drive mechanism

[0183] In one embodiment, two or more or all of the axes of rotation of the drive shaft 110, the inner joint 464, the outer joint 468, the support joint 472, and the operating joint 474 are parallel.

[0184] Advantageously, due to the parallel movement, the components can be arranged next to one another and the drive mechanism is particularly compact.

[0185] In one embodiment, one or more or all of the inner joint 464, the outer joint 468, the support joint 472, and the operating joint 474 are swivel joints.

[0186] Advantageously, the kinematic chain of the drive is planar.

[0187] In one embodiment, the material of the inner link 462 and / or the outer link 466 is metal. In one example, at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, of the upper inner link 462 and / or the outer link 466 is metal by mass. In one example, the core of the inner link 462 and / or the outer link 466 is metal.

[0188] Advantageously, the metal drive shaft combined with the good bending strength of the metal inner link 462 and / or outer link 466 is particularly beneficial for the high dynamic forces that occur during switching. Advantageously, the circuit breaker is safe and reliable.

[0189] Nominal operating angle in drive mechanism

[0190] In one embodiment, the nominal operating angle of the inner joint 464 is at least 2 degrees and / or at most 130 degrees, preferably at least 5 degrees and / or at most 120 degrees.

[0191] In one embodiment, the nominal operating angle of the outer joint 468 is at least 40 degrees and / or at most 130 degrees, preferably at least 45 degrees and / or at most 120 degrees.

[0192] Advantageously, a particularly compact, reliable and safe drive mechanism is provided.

[0193] The angle of the external joint 468 can be understood as the angle between a third line extending from the external joint 468 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 (and / or perpendicular to the rotation axis of the external joint 468) to the internal joint 464 and a fourth line extending from the external joint 468 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 110 (and / or perpendicular to the rotation axis of the external joint 468) to the support joint 472.

[0194] Other aspects related to interrupter units

[0195] It is to be understood that the interrupter unit 120 , in particular the movable contact 122 , may be configured to be actuated via a linkage mechanism 130 .

[0196] In one example, the interrupter unit 120, in particular the moving contact 122, includes a moving contact rod 124, which is activatably / mechanically coupled to the linkage mechanism 130 at the linkage end (e.g., via the actuation joint 244) and / or activatably / mechanically coupled to the moving contact 122 at the contact end.

[0197] The moving contact rod 124 may be configured to receive an actuation motion or force transmitted by the linkage mechanism 130 to move the moving contact 122 .

[0198] It can be understood that the interrupter unit 120 is a vacuum interrupter unit. In one example, the interrupter unit 120 includes a vacuum chamber, and the moving contact 122 and the stationary contact 126 are at least partially arranged in the vacuum chamber. In one example, the moving contact 122 and the stationary contact 126 are at least partially arranged in a shell of the interrupter unit 120 configured to maintain a vacuum state.

[0199] It is understood that the vacuum state is configured to extinguish an arc when the movable contact 122 moves from the closed position to the open position and / or to prevent current from forming in the contact gap between the movable contact 122 and the stationary contact 126 .

[0200] Other aspects of circuit breakers

[0201] Generally, a circuit breaker may include an actuation signal module, a drive unit, a linkage mechanism, and an interrupter unit.

[0202] In general, the actuation signal module can be configured to receive manual input (e.g., via one or more buttons) and / or automatic input (e.g., via certain actuators). The actuation signal module can be configured to cause the drive unit to apply an actuation force and / or torque to the linkage mechanism. Advantageously, the circuit breaker is operable (e.g., via a button) to perform an on / off operation.

[0203] More generally, it is understood that a circuit breaker is a device suitable for controlling and protecting an electrical network, in particular for interrupting short circuit currents. According to one aspect, the circuit breaker may be a medium voltage circuit breaker and / or a vacuum circuit breaker.

[0204] In one example, it is understood that the rated operating voltage of the circuit breaker as described herein exceeds 1 kV. For example, the circuit breaker may be a medium voltage circuit breaker and / or have a rated operating voltage in the range of 1 kV to 72 kV, preferably in the range of 10 kV to 42 kV.

[0205] In one example, it is understood that the rated nominal current of the circuit breaker as described herein is greater than 100A, preferably at least 400A and / or at most 5000A, and / or the short circuit current exceeds 10kA rms, preferably at least 14kA rms and / or at most 50kA rms (high short circuit current load).

[0206] In one embodiment, the circuit breaker comprises a gas-tight housing. In one embodiment, the gas-tight housing is filled or configured to be filled with a dielectric medium.

[0207] In one embodiment, the dielectric medium of the airtight housing and / or the circuit breaker is a dielectric gas with a global warming potential less than SF6. In one example, the dielectric medium is air, dry air, N2, CO2, or a mixture of two or three of N2, O2, and CO2. In one example, the dielectric medium is air, fluoroketone, and / or AirPlus. TM In one embodiment, the dielectric medium is a mixture of air and / or fluoroketone.

[0208] In one embodiment, the linkage mechanism 130 and the vacuum interrupter unit 120 are arranged inside the airtight housing of the circuit breaker 100. Beneficially, dielectric safety is improved.

[0209] In one embodiment, the drive mechanism 460 and / or the drive unit is arranged outside the gas-tight housing of the circuit breaker 100. Advantageously, improved accessibility is provided.

[0210] Although an interrupter unit comprising a moving contact and a stationary contact is described herein, the circuit breaker as described herein may be understood to comprise a plurality of interrupter units, in particular three interrupter units, each interrupter unit comprising a moving contact and a stationary contact, respectively. Advantageously, a multiphase circuit breaker is provided, in particular a circuit breaker for a three-phase circuit / network.

[0211] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the foregoing description, these illustrations and descriptions should be considered illustrative or exemplary rather than restrictive; the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention by studying the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.

[0212] In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may perform the functions of several items stated in the claims. The fact that certain features are described in mutually different embodiments or dependent claims does not indicate that the combination of these features cannot be fully utilized. The scope of protection of the present application covers any possible combination of the features described in the various embodiments or dependent claims without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Reference signs in the claims should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker (100), comprising: a rotatable drive shaft (110); A vacuum interrupter unit (120); and a linkage mechanism (130) connecting the drive shaft (110) to the vacuum interrupter unit (120); The vacuum interrupter unit (120) comprises a moving contact (122) and a stationary contact (126), wherein the moving contact (122) is movable between a closed position and an open position along an axis of the moving contact and comprises a moving contact rod (124); The linkage mechanism (130) comprises at least two rigid links, including an upstream link (132) and a downstream link (136) rotatably connected to each other via an upstream joint (134); the linkage mechanism (130) is configured to be driven by the drive shaft (110) and to convert the rotational motion of the drive shaft (110) into a linear motion of the moving contact (122) along the axis of the moving contact (122) via at least the upstream link (132), the upstream joint (134) and the downstream link (136); wherein the linkage mechanism (130) is configured to move toward a kinematic singularity position when the movable contact (122) approaches the closed position during a closing operation, wherein the kinematic singularity position of the linkage mechanism (130) is defined by an angle of the upstream joint (134) of 0 degrees, the angle of the upstream joint (134) being an angle between the upstream connecting rod (132) and the downstream connecting rod (136); and The drive shaft (110) is arranged as a stopper of the linkage mechanism (130), preventing the linkage mechanism (130) from reaching the kinematic singular point position during the closing operation.

2. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 1, wherein: The angle of the upstream joint (134) is an angle between a first line and a second line, wherein the first line extends from the upstream joint (134) perpendicularly to the rotation axis of the drive shaft (110) to the drive shaft (110), and the second line extends from the upstream joint (134) perpendicularly to the rotation axis of the drive shaft (110) to the downstream joint (238), wherein the downstream joint (238) is arranged on the downstream connecting rod (136) and is operable to couple the movement of the downstream connecting rod (136) to the movement of the moving contact (122).

3. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 1, wherein: The upstream connecting rod (132) is a rod that is non-rotatably connected to the drive shaft (110) at the upstream end portion of the upstream connecting rod (132), wherein the upstream connecting rod (132) is rotatably connected to the downstream connecting rod (136) via the upstream joint (134) at the downstream end portion of the upstream connecting rod (132).

4. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 3, wherein: The closed position angle of the upstream joint (134) is at least one of at least 1 degree or at most 50 degrees.

5. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 1, wherein: The linkage mechanism (130) is configured to convert the rotational motion of the drive shaft (110) into the linear motion of the moving contact (122) at a reduced rate when the moving contact (122) approaches the closed position.

6. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 1, wherein: The linkage mechanism (130) includes a rigid actuation link (240) rotatably coupled to the downstream link (136) via a downstream joint (238).

7. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 6, wherein: The actuating link (240) is a rod rotatably connected to an anchor joint (242), and the actuating link (240) is rotatably connected to the moving contact (122) via an actuating joint (244) arranged on the actuating link (240) between the downstream joint (238) and the anchor joint (242).

8. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 1, wherein: The axes of rotation of two or more of the drive shaft (110), the upstream joint (134), the downstream joint (238), the anchor joint (242), and the actuation joint (244) are parallel.

9. The circuit breaker (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a drive mechanism (460), the drive mechanism comprising at least two rigid links, the at least two rigid links comprising an inner link (462) and an outer link (466) rotatably coupled to each other via an inner joint (464), the drive mechanism (460) being configured to transmit drive energy to the drive shaft (110) at least via the inner link (462), the outer link (466) and the inner joint (464), in, The drive mechanism (460) is configured to move toward a drive kinematic singularity position when the movable contact (122) approaches the disconnect position during an opening operation, wherein the kinematic singularity position of the drive mechanism (460) is defined by an inner joint (464) having an angle of 0 degrees between the inner link (462) and the outer link (466); and The drive shaft is arranged as a stopper of the drive mechanism (460), which prevents the drive mechanism (460) from reaching the drive kinematic singular point position during the disconnection operation.

10. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 9, wherein: The drive mechanism (460) includes a rigid operating link (470) which is rotatably connected to the outer link (466) via an outer joint (468), preferably, wherein the operating link (470) is rotatably connected to a support (180) or a housing of the circuit breaker (100) at a support joint (472), and the operating link (470) is configured to be driven by an actuating energy source.

11. The circuit breaker (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The linkage mechanism (130) and the vacuum interrupter unit (120) are arranged in a gas-tight housing of the circuit breaker (100).

12. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 11, wherein: The airtight housing is filled with a dielectric gas having a global warming potential less than SF6.

13. The circuit breaker (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The driving shaft (110) is made of metal.

14. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 13, wherein: The core of the drive shaft (110) is metal.

15. The circuit breaker (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The nominal operating angle of the upstream joint (134) is 1 degree to 90 degrees.

16. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 15, wherein: The nominal operating angle of the upstream joint (134) is 2 degrees to 60 degrees.

17. The circuit breaker (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The nominal operating angle of the downstream joint (238) is 30 degrees to 110 degrees.

18. The circuit breaker (100) according to claim 17, wherein: The nominal operating angle of the downstream joint (238) is 40 degrees to 100 degrees.

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