Additive release devices, methods, battery systems, and vehicles for battery cells

Abstract

This application provides an additive release device, method, battery system, and vehicle for a battery cell. The additive release device includes a storage structure and a release structure. The storage structure stores the additive, and the release structure controls the entry of the additive from the storage structure into the battery cell. This application achieves control over the entry of the additive into the battery cell through the release structure, ensuring a stable and controllable rate of additive entry, avoiding excessive increase in cell impedance, reducing ineffective additive release, and increasing the battery cell's lifespan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an additive release device, method, battery system, and vehicle for a battery cell. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion battery cells contain an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in conducting current between the positive and negative electrodes during charging and discharging. To improve the chemical properties of the electrolyte, some cells require the addition of additives during charging and discharging to make the electrolysis process more efficient. For example, one type of lithium-ion battery incorporates an additive release structure within the cell, achieved through a composite separator. One side of the separator stores the additives, while the other side contains the electrolyte. During charging and discharging, the additives on one side of the composite separator slowly enter the electrolyte on the other side through the pores in the separator.

[0003] However, the process of additives entering the electrolyte through the composite membrane is uncontrollable. If the weight of the additives entering the electrolyte is inappropriate, it can lead to problems such as increased cell impedance and reduced cell lifespan. Therefore, how to control the process of additives entering the electrolyte is a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an additive release device, method, battery system, and vehicle for battery cells to solve the problem of uncontrollable process of additives entering the battery cell in the prior art, and to avoid abnormal increase in battery cell impedance and reduced battery cell life.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides an additive release device for a battery cell, comprising: a storage structure and a release structure, wherein the storage structure is connected to the battery cell through the release structure, the storage structure is used to store additives in the battery cell, and the release structure is used to control the additives stored in the storage structure to enter the battery cell body.

[0006] A second aspect of this application provides a battery system including a battery cell and an additive release device for the battery cell provided in the first aspect of this application.

[0007] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle including the battery system provided in the second aspect of this application.

[0008] The fourth aspect of this application provides a method for releasing additives from a battery cell, applied to the release structure in the additive release device for a battery cell provided in the first aspect of this application. The method includes: controlling the additives stored in the storage structure to enter the battery cell body.

[0009] In summary, the additive release device, method, battery system, and vehicle for battery cells provided in this application are equipped with a storage structure for storing additives, and a release structure for controlling the entry of additives from the storage structure into the battery cell body. Thus, the release structure controls the entry of additives into the battery cell, making the speed at which additives enter the battery cell stable and controllable, avoiding excessive growth in battery cell impedance, reducing ineffective release of additives, and increasing the battery cell's service life. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery used in this application;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a battery cell including an additive release device in the related technology.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the release rate of additives in related technologies;

[0014] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application;

[0015] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the additive release rate of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application;

[0016] Figure 6 A schematic flowchart of the control method for the additive release device of the battery cell provided in this application;

[0017] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the mapping relationship provided in this application;

[0018] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the additive release process for a battery cell.

[0019] Figure 9a A schematic diagram of the inside of the battery cell before the additives are released;

[0020] Figure 9b This is a schematic diagram of the inside of the battery cell after the additives have been released and before diffusion.

[0021] Figure 9cThis is a schematic diagram of the inside of the battery cell after the additive has diffused.

[0022] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the additive release device for battery cells provided in this application;

[0023] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a first structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application;

[0024] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a second structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a third structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application;

[0026] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a fourth structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application;

[0027] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the sixth structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0031] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery used in this application, such as... Figure 1 The battery shown is a lithium battery. The lithium battery cell 1 includes a cell body 10, a positive electrode tab 101, and a negative electrode tab 102. The cell body 10 contains electrolyte. Figure 1 The distribution of electrolyte molecules 1001 in the cell body 10 is represented by a large circular frame. When the positive electrode tab 1001 and the negative electrode tab 102 of the cell 1 are connected to an external circuit and form a loop, the electrolyte inside the cell body 10 can participate in the electrochemical reaction, thereby playing a role such as conducting current between the positive electrode tab 1001 and the negative electrode tab 1002.

[0032] To improve the chemical properties of the electrolyte, some lithium battery cells 1 also add additives to the electrolyte, including film-forming additives. For example, Figure 1 The distribution of electrolyte molecules 1002 in the battery cell body 10 is represented by small black dots. The electrolyte can improve conductivity, maintain electrolyte stability, and enhance safety, making the electrolyte electrolysis process more efficient and reliable.

[0033] Since the additives are continuously consumed during the reaction process of the electrolyte, once the mass of the additives decreases during the long-term charging and discharging process of cell 1, it is necessary to add additives to the electrolyte to replenish the consumption of additives and maintain the reaction efficiency of the electrolyte.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell including an additive release device in the related technology, such as... Figure 2 The battery cell 1 shown has a composite separator 104 inside. One side of the composite separator 104 is the electrolyte, and the other side is a storage region 103, which can store additives. The composite separator 104 has a certain slow-release function. The additive concentration in the storage region 103 is higher than that in the battery cell body 10. Therefore, the additives in the storage region 103 can gradually enter the battery cell interior 10 through the composite separator 104, realizing the continuous and slow addition of additives to the electrolyte.

[0035] However, in Figure 2 In the additive release device shown, the driving force for the additive to enter the cell body 10 from the storage region 103 comes from the concentration difference of the additive on both sides of the composite separator 104. For example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the release rate of additives in related technologies, such as... Figure 3 It shows Figure 2In the illustrated additive release device, the additive enters the cell interior 10 through the composite diaphragm 104 at a relatively high rate. It can be seen that in the initial stage, due to the high concentration of additive in the storage region 103 and the large concentration difference of additive on both sides of the composite diaphragm 104, the additive enters the cell interior 10 at a relatively fast rate. However, as time progresses, the concentration of additive in the storage region 103 gradually decreases, and the concentration difference of additive on both sides of the composite diaphragm 104 gradually decreases, thus slowing down the rate at which the additive enters the cell interior 10.

[0036] It can be seen that the rate and mass of additives entering the cell 10 during the above process are not constant. Initially, the rate and mass of additives entering the cell 10 are relatively high, while in subsequent stages, the rate and mass of additives entering the cell 10 are relatively low. Especially in the initial stage, when a large amount of additives enters the cell 10, it may lead to an excessive increase in the cell's direct current internal resistance (DCIR), and it also reduces the amount of additives that can be continuously released into the cell 10, thus reducing the lifespan of the cell 1.

[0037] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides an additive release device for a battery cell. This device releases additives continuously and stably into the battery cell body 10 throughout the entire operating process of the battery cell 1 in a more controllable and intelligent manner. This avoids problems such as excessive impedance growth and reduced lifespan of the battery cell 1 caused by variations in the release rate and quality of the additives. The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the additive release device for battery cells provided in this application is shown below. Figure 4 The additive release device for the battery cell shown includes a storage structure 2 and a release structure 3. The storage structure 2 is connected to the battery cell 1 via the release structure 3. The storage structure 2 is used to store additives required for the electrolyte inside the battery cell 10.

[0039] The release structure 3 provided in this embodiment can be used to control the additives stored in the storage structure 2 to begin entering the battery cell body 10, and to control the additives stored in the storage structure 2 to stop entering the battery cell body 10. In a specific implementation, the release structure 3 first controls the additives stored in the storage structure 2 to begin entering the battery cell body 10, and then controls the additives stored in the storage structure 2 to stop entering the battery cell body 10. Therefore, during the entire time range during which the additives begin entering the battery cell 10, the additives stored in the storage structure 2 can continuously enter the battery cell body 10, and after that, the additives stored in the storage structure 2 stop entering the battery cell body 10.

[0040] Therefore, the release structure 3 provided by the additive release device of the battery cell in this embodiment can control the entry of the additive into the battery cell 10. During the entire life cycle of the battery cell 1, the additive is not continuously released into the battery cell 10, so that the process of the additive entering the battery cell 10 is controllable and thus more stable.

[0041] In one embodiment, the release structure 3 includes a controller 31 and a switch structure 32. The first end a of the switch structure 32 is connected to the storage structure 2, and the second end b of the switch structure 32 is connected to the battery cell body 10 of the battery cell 1. The second end b of the switch structure 32 is specifically inserted into the interior of the battery cell body 10, directly contacting the electrolyte stored inside the battery cell body 10.

[0042] The controller 31 is communicatively connected to the control terminal c of the switch structure 32. The controller 31 can control the conduction between the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 through the control terminal c.

[0043] In this embodiment, the controller 31 can specifically control the conduction duration of the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32. For example, the controller 31 controls the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to conduct, and after maintaining the conduction state for a first preset duration, the controller 31 controls the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 23 to disconnect.

[0044] When the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switching structure 32 are turned on, the additive stored in the storage structure 2 can sequentially pass through the first terminal a of the switching structure 32, the switching structure 32, and the second terminal b of the switching structure 32, and finally enter the interior of the cell body 10. In some technologies, the process of the additive entering the interior of the cell body 10 is called the additive release process.

[0045] When the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switching structure 32 are disconnected, the additives stored in the storage structure 2 cannot enter the interior of the cell body 10 through the switching structure 32.

[0046] More specifically, Figure 5A schematic diagram illustrating the additive release rate of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, at time t1, the controller 31 controls the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to be turned on and maintains the on state for the on time. Then, at time t2, the controller 31 controls the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to be turned off. So, between time t1 and time t2, the additive stored in the storage structure 2 continuously enters the battery cell body 10 through the switch structure 32. And since the storage structure 2 and the battery cell body 10 are directly connected, the release rate of the additive entering the battery cell body 10 remains unchanged.

[0047] Similarly, the controller 31 controls the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to be turned on at time t3 and controls the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to be turned off at time t4. Between time t3 and time t4, the additive stored in the storage structure 2 continuously enters the battery cell body 10 through the switch structure 32, and the release speed remains unchanged.

[0048] Therefore, the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this embodiment, through the control of the switch structure 32 by the controller 31, more intelligently controls the entry of the additive into the battery cell interior 10, making the speed at which the additive enters the battery cell interior 10 stable and controllable. Simultaneously, with Figure 2 As can be seen from the comparison of the release speed of the release devices provided in the related technologies, the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this embodiment has a smaller mass and a slower speed of additive entering the battery cell 10 in the initial stage. This avoids excessive increase in the impedance of the battery cell 1 in the initial stage and reduces the ineffective release of a large amount of additive in the initial stage, ensuring that there is enough additive to be slowly released into the battery cell 10 in the future, thereby increasing the service life of the battery cell 1.

[0049] In one embodiment of this application, the controller 31 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller unit (MCU), or a system-on-chip (SOC), etc. Alternatively, in another embodiment, when the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application is applied to a vehicle's battery system and used to provide additives to the battery cell 1 of the battery system, the controller 31 may also be a battery management system (BMS) of the vehicle's battery system, or the controller 31 may be a control unit integrated within the BMS. The controller 31 provided in this embodiment is simple to implement, especially when applied to a vehicle's battery system. It can be implemented based on the vehicle's existing BMS without changing the existing circuit structure, saving costs and facilitating the promotion and application of this application.

[0050] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 6 This paper describes the control logic of the controller 31 in the additive release device for the battery cell provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the control method for the additive release device of the battery cell provided in this application is shown below. Figure 6 The method shown can be applied to Figure 4 In the illustrated device, and executed by controller 31. Specifically, as... Figure 6 The control flow of the controller 31 shown includes:

[0051] S101: Controller 31 acquires the operating status information of cell 1. This operating status information includes one or more of the following: the number of charge / discharge cycles of cell 1 and its internal resistance, etc. The number of charge / discharge cycles refers to the number of cycles in which cell 1 completes a full charging and discharging process.

[0052] In one embodiment, the controller 31 can receive the operating status information of the battery cell 1 sent by the signal acquisition device in S101. The signal acquisition device can be a vehicle-mounted device used to collect the operating status information of the battery cell 1, and can be used to send the operating status information of the battery cell 1 to the controller 31. The specific implementation of the signal acquisition device is not limited in this application; reference can be made to existing vehicle-mounted devices for collecting the number of battery cell revolutions and internal resistance. The signal acquisition device can also be used to collect information such as current, voltage, and internal resistance. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the controller 31 can also receive the operating status information of the battery cell 1 sent by other devices. For example, vehicle maintenance personnel can send the current operating status information of the battery cell 1 to the controller 31 via electronic devices.

[0053] Specifically, after acquiring the operating status information of the battery cell 1, the controller 31 can further determine the weight of additives required by the electrolyte in the battery cell body 10 under the current operating state, based on the operating status information of the battery cell 1. The unit of measurement for weight can be grams (g). Subsequently, the controller 31 determines the required conduction time of the switch structure 32 based on information such as the weight of the additives, the flow rate of the switch structure 32, and the density of the additives.

[0054] In one embodiment, the controller 31 can pre-store information on different working states and the weight of the additive required in the current working state through a mapping relationship. For example, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the mapping relationship provided in this application is shown below. Figure 7 The mapping relationship shown includes multiple correspondences between working states and the corresponding additive weights, such as the correspondence between working state 1 and weight 1, working state 2 and weight 2, and so on, to working state N and weight N. When the controller 31 determines the current working state information, and finds that the current working state information is the same as working state information 2 in the mapping relationship, it can determine the weight of the additive to be added to the cell body 10 of the cell 1 as weight 2 based on the correspondence between working state information 2 and weight 2. Subsequently, the controller 31 can determine the first preset duration for the switch structure 32 to be turned on based on the additive weight (in grams), additive density (in grams / cm³), and the flow rate of the switch structure 32 (in cm³ / min).

[0055] In one embodiment, in Figure 7 The operating state in the examples shown can be a single value or a range of values. For example, operating state 1 includes 100 cycles of cell 1, operating state 2 includes 200 cycles of cell 1, and so on. Operating state 1 also includes an internal resistance of 1.5mΩ for cell 1, operating state 2 includes an internal resistance of 1.2mΩ for cell 1, and so on. Another example is operating state 1 including 0-100 cycles of cell 1, operating state 2 including 100-200 cycles of cell 1, and so on. Operating state 1 also includes an internal resistance of 1.45-1.55mΩ for cell 1, operating state 2 including an internal resistance of 1.15-1.25mΩ for cell 1, and so on.

[0056] In one embodiment, the mapping relationship can also directly store the correspondence between the working state and the conduction time, so that the controller 31 can directly determine the conduction time of the switch structure 32 based on the acquired working state information, without having to calculate the conduction time based on the weight, thereby reducing the amount of calculation required by the controller 31 and saving the computing power of the controller 31.

[0057] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 The mapping relationship shown can be preset, specified by relevant operators, or calculated by the controller 31. The mapping relationship can be stored in the storage space of the controller 31, and the controller 31 retrieves the mapping relationship from the storage space when needed.

[0058] like Figure 7 The mapping relationship shown is illustrated in tabular form. In other possible implementations, the mapping relationship can also be in curve form or other forms. For example, in one embodiment, the mapping relationship can also be obtained by collecting the required additive weights of multiple battery cells 1 under different operating conditions, using all battery cells 1 as historical data, and building a regression model based on machine learning. The controller 31 can determine the current additive weight to be added based on the obtained mapping relationship at the moment when additives need to be released into the battery cell 10 throughout the entire operating life of the battery cell 1.

[0059] S102: The controller 31 controls the switch structure 32 to conduct for a first preset time according to the working status information obtained in S101, so that the additive stored in the storage structure 2 enters the battery cell body 10 through the switch structure 32 within the first preset time. The weight of the additive entering the battery cell body 10 can be determined in S101.

[0060] In one embodiment, the controller 31 can acquire the real-time operating status information of the battery cell 1 and, upon determining that the current operating status is about to enter the mapped operating state, issue a notification message to the user and maintenance personnel of the vehicle containing the battery cell 1, informing them that an additive needs to be released into the battery cell 10 for vehicle maintenance or repair. Subsequently, during the vehicle maintenance or repair process, the controller 31 executes the aforementioned control flow to release the additive into the battery cell 10. In this scenario, the controller 31 can predict the additive release in advance, make the decision to release the additive on behalf of the user or maintenance personnel, and issue a reminder to release the additive, demonstrating a higher level of intelligence.

[0061] In another embodiment, the controller 31 can acquire the working status information of the cell 1 in real time, and when it determines that the current working state is about to enter the working state in the mapping relationship, it actively executes the above control process to release the additive into the cell 10. In this case, the controller 31 can predict the release of the additive in advance and actively release the additive, thereby reducing the awareness of users and maintenance personnel and achieving a higher degree of automation.

[0062] In another embodiment, during vehicle maintenance or repair, when the controller 31 receives an instruction from the BMS or other devices to release additives, it executes the above control process to release additives into the battery cell 10.

[0063] In summary, the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this embodiment uses the controller 31 to control the switch structure 31 based on the working status information of the battery cell 1, thereby controlling the additive to enter the battery cell body 10 at the required time and in a more appropriate amount. This not only improves the intelligence level of the controller 31, but also ensures the stable and effective release of the additive throughout the entire life cycle of the battery cell 1.

[0064] When the additive release device for battery cells provided in this embodiment is applied in a vehicle, it can improve the intelligence and automation of the vehicle battery system, as well as extend the lifespan of the vehicle battery system, thereby enhancing the user experience and driving experience of the vehicle user.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the structure and control method of the additive release device for the battery cell were described. Through the above device and control method, the additive can enter the battery cell body 10 from the storage structure 2 through the switch structure 32. In practical applications, after the additive is released into the battery cell body 10, the next step is to perform diffusion treatment on the additive inside the battery cell body 10 to make the additive distribution in the electrolyte more uniform.

[0066] For example, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an additive release process for a battery cell. The first step involves releasing the additive from the storage structure 2 into the battery cell body 10 via the switching structure 32. The second step involves diffusing the additive within the battery cell body 10. This application achieves this through... Figures 4 to 7 The illustrated embodiment accomplishes as follows: Figure 8 The first step, shown, involves the release of the additive.

[0067] For example, Figure 9a The schematic diagram shows the inside of the battery cell before the additive is released. There are fewer additive molecules 1002 inside the battery cell body 10. Then the controller 31 can control the switch structure 32 to conduct for a preset time, so that the additive enters the inside of the battery cell body 10.

[0068] Figure 9b This is a schematic diagram of the inside of the battery cell before and after the additive is released and before diffusion. When the additive enters the battery cell body 10, the area 100 where the second end of the switch structure 32 is connected to the battery cell body 10 has a higher number of additive molecules 1002, while other areas inside the battery cell body 10 have a lower number of additive molecules 1002. Subsequently, the controller 31 can execute... Figure 8 The diffusion of the second-step additive is shown.

[0069] In one embodiment of this application, reference is made to Figure 9b As shown, since the concentration of additives is higher in region 100 and lower in other regions, the concentration difference can cause the additive molecules 1002 in region 100 to gradually diffuse to other regions.

[0070] Figure 9c This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the battery cell after additive diffusion. When the additive concentration in region 100 is the same as in other regions, the second step of additive diffusion is completed. At this point, the number of additive molecules 1002 within the battery cell body 10 is... Figure 9a Compared to before the additive was released, the quantity was greater and the distribution was more even.

[0071] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the additive release device for battery cells provided in this application is shown, as follows: Figure 10 The device shown is in Figure 4 Based on the structure shown, a heating structure 33 is also included. The heating structure 33 can be a vehicle's cooling circulation system, etc., and is disposed on the outside of the battery cell body 10. Alternatively, the heating structure 33 can also be a self-heating circuit of the battery cell 1, etc. This application embodiment does not limit the specific implementation of the heating structure 33; it can be something already installed on the vehicle, or it can be something specially installed.

[0072] The controller 31 is connected to the heating structure 33, and the controller 31 can control the heating structure 33 to heat the battery cell body 10. For example, after the controller 31 controls the first and second terminals of the switching structure 32 to conduct for a first preset time, it controls the heating structure 33 to start heating the battery cell body 10 at a preset temperature and continue for a second preset time. For example, the preset heating temperature can be set to 40℃-60℃, and the second preset time can be set to 24-78 hours.

[0073] During the second preset heating period of the heating structure 33, the additive molecules 1002 in region 100 gradually diffuse to other regions. Because the temperature inside the cell body 10 is higher under the heating of the heating structure 33, the diffusion rate of the additive molecules 1002 is faster, and the distribution of additives inside the cell body 10 can be improved. Figure 9b The state shown diffuses more rapidly as Figure 9c The state shown.

[0074] In summary, this embodiment provides an additive release device for a battery cell. After the additive is released into the battery cell body 10, the controller 31 also controls the heating structure 33 to heat the battery cell body 10, thereby increasing the diffusion rate of the additive and making the entire process of adding the additive into the battery cell 10 less time and more efficient.

[0075] The specific structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0076] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the first structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application is shown below. Figure 11 The storage structure 2 of the additive release device for the battery cell shown can be a regular cuboid, and its size can be determined by the available space inside the battery cell 1. Furthermore, the dimension of the storage structure 2 in the gravitational direction G is greater than the thickness of the material used in the storage structure 2 in the gravitational direction G. The material of the storage structure 2 can be PP / PE or other materials stable with the electrolyte and additives. The internal space of the storage structure 2 is used to store the additives. The storage structure provided in this embodiment has a good function of preserving the electrolyte additives and is not prone to leakage throughout the entire storage cycle.

[0077] like Figure 11 The switch structure 32 shown is a solenoid valve, specifically a normally closed miniature solenoid valve. In one possible implementation, it includes a solenoid coil, valve core, sealing ring, spring, valve seat, inlet, and outlet. Figure 11 In the middle, the first end a of the switch structure 32 is the liquid inlet, which is connected to the first opening 201 on the surface of the storage structure 2, and the second end b of the switch structure 32 is the liquid outlet, which is connected to the second opening on the surface of the battery cell 10.

[0078] exist Figure 11 In the embodiment shown, the first opening 201 is designed on the lower surface of the storage structure 2 in the direction of gravity G. When the switch structure 32 is turned on, the additive inside the storage structure 2 enters the cell body 10 through the switch structure 32 under the action of gravity.

[0079] The control principle of the solenoid valve is as follows: When the solenoid valve receives the control signal sent by the controller 31 and is energized, the electromagnetic coil generates electromagnetic force to lift the valve core from the valve seat, the valve opens, and the inlet and outlet are connected; when the solenoid valve is de-energized, the electromagnetic force disappears, the spring presses the valve core onto the valve seat, the valve closes, and the inlet and outlet are disconnected.

[0080] like Figure 11The illustrated device also includes a communication structure 34, which specifically comprises at least one connecting line. The controller 31 is connected to the control terminal c of the switch structure 32 via the at least one connecting line. The controller 31 can then send a first control signal to the control terminal c of the switch structure 32 via this at least one connecting line, causing the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to conduct according to the first control signal. Furthermore, the controller 31 can also send a second control signal to the control terminal c of the switch structure 32 via the at least one connecting line, causing the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to disconnect according to the second control signal.

[0081] The specific forms of the first and second control signals can be voltage or current, etc. Figure 11 In the device shown, when the switch structure 32 is a solenoid valve, the first control signal is a high level sent by the controller 31 to the solenoid valve, and the second control signal is a low level sent by the controller 31 to the solenoid valve, or the second control signal can be a 0 voltage signal when no level signal is sent.

[0082] The additive release device for the battery cell provided in this embodiment is designed with a regular rectangular storage structure 2 and adopts a relatively mature electromagnetic valve to realize the switching structure 32, which has the characteristics of simple structure, easy implementation and low cost.

[0083] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the second structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application is shown below. Figure 12 The storage structure 2, switch structure 32, and battery cell 10 shown are related to the additive release device of the battery cell. Figure 11 The structures shown are the same, the difference is that Figure 12 The communication structure 34 is a wireless communication module. This wireless communication module can be built into the switch structure 32 and connected to the control terminal c of the switch structure 32. The controller 31 can send a first control signal via a network, and the wireless communication module can receive the first control signal via the network, controlling the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to conduct according to the first control signal. Furthermore, the controller 31 can send a second control signal via the network, and the wireless communication module can receive the second control signal via the network, controlling the first terminal a and the second terminal b of the switch structure 32 to disconnect according to the second control signal. In this embodiment, the battery cell additive release device allows the controller 31 to send control signals to the switch structure 32 wirelessly, thereby further simplifying the structural complexity and reducing the occupation and impact on the internal space of the battery cell 1.

[0084] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the third structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application is shown below. Figure 13Another arrangement of the first opening on the storage structure 2 is shown, wherein the first opening 201 is designed on the side surface of the storage structure 2 in the direction of gravity G, and the horizontal center line of this side surface divides the side surface into upper and lower parts, with the first opening 201 located in the lower part of the side surface. When the switching structure 32 is turned on, the additive inside the storage structure 2 can also enter the battery cell body 10 through the switching structure 32 under the action of gravity. This embodiment provides more ways to arrange the first opening of the storage structure 2, improving the flexibility of the arrangement and allowing the additive release device of the battery cell to be applied to different structures.

[0085] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application is shown below. Figure 14 Another configuration of the storage structure 2 is shown, in which the storage structure 2 can extend above the switch structure 32, thereby making the most of the space around the switch structure 2 and improving the utilization rate of the internal space of the cell 1.

[0086] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application is shown below. Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a second opening 100 on the cell body 10 is shown, wherein the second opening 100 is disposed on the upper surface of the cell body 10 in the direction of gravity G, and is disposed next to one of the tabs of the cell 1. Figure 15 In the example shown, taking the second opening 100 as being located next to the negative electrode tab 102, the second end b of the switch structure 32 enters the cell body 10 through the second opening 100 and directly contacts the electrolyte inside the cell body 10.

[0087] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the sixth structure of the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this application is shown below. Figure 16 The additive release device for the battery cell provided in this embodiment is shown, in which the battery cell body 10, the storage structure 2, and the switching structure 32 are all encapsulated within the same housing 11 of the battery cell 1. From the outside of the housing 11, it can be seen that the housing 11 is a whole, and only the positive electrode tab 101 and the negative electrode tab 102 of the battery cell 1 extend outside the housing 11.

[0088] In one embodiment, the controller 32 may be disposed outside the housing 11. When the controller 32 is connected to the switch structure 32 via a connecting wire, at least one connecting wire extends from inside the housing 11 to the outside of the housing 11. The connecting wire may be composed of lead-out sheet material, fuse block material, etc., connected in series, wherein the fuse block material is disposed in the direction of gravity G.

[0089] The additive release device for the battery cell provided in this embodiment can encapsulate the newly added storage structure 2 and switch structure 32 within an existing housing 11 of the battery cell body 10. Specifically, it can be flexibly set according to the available space within the housing 11, thereby avoiding the impact of the newly added structure on the external structure of the battery cell 1. It can be applied to the existing structure of the battery cell 1, thus making it more advantageous for the application of this embodiment in various scenarios such as battery systems and vehicles.

[0090] This application also provides an experimental method and steps for comparing the additive release device for battery cells provided in this application with additive release devices for battery cells in related technologies. The experiment is divided into two parts: the first part verifies the additive release device for battery cells provided in this application, and the second part verifies the additive release devices for battery cells in related technologies. The two parts of the experiment are described below.

[0091] Experiment Part 1:

[0092] Step 1: Fabrication of the positive electrode sheet. The main materials for the positive electrode sheet include nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate materials, lithium cobalt oxide materials, lithium manganese oxide materials, and composite materials of these materials. Conductive agents include conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials of these materials. Binders include PVDF-based and PVP-based binders, and composite materials of these materials. Dispersants include CMC, etc. Solvents include NMP, water, etc., and composite materials of these materials.

[0093] Preferably, the main material of the positive electrode active material is nickel-cobalt-manganese, conductive carbon black is used as a conductive agent, PVDF is used as a binder, and NMP is used as a solvent.

[0094] Preferably, the process for manufacturing the positive electrode sheet is an oil-based coating process, which includes the following steps: mixing the main material, conductive agent, binder and solvent in a certain proportion to obtain a positive electrode slurry, and then coating it onto the aluminum current collector.

[0095] Step 2: Fabrication of the negative electrode sheet. The main materials for the negative electrode sheet include graphite, silicon, silicon-carbon, lithium metal, and composite materials of these materials. Conductive agents include conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials of these materials. Binders include PVDF, PVP, SBR, and composite materials of these materials. Dispersants include CMC and composite materials of these materials. Solvents include NMP and water, and composite materials of these materials.

[0096] Preferably, the main material of the negative electrode active material is graphite, conductive carbon black is used as a conductive agent, SBR is used as a binder, CMC is used as a dispersant, and water is used as a solvent.

[0097] Preferably, the process for manufacturing the negative electrode sheet is an aqueous coating process, which includes the following steps: mixing the main material, conductive agent, binder, dispersant and solvent in a certain proportion until uniform, thereby obtaining the negative electrode coating slurry, and coating it onto the copper current collector.

[0098] The battery cell contains a liquid electrolyte, which includes lithium salts, solvents, and additives. The lithium salts include LiPF6, LiDFOB, LiFSI, LiTFSI, and their complexes. The solvents include ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and their complexes. The additives include VC, TMSP, LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiPO2F2, and their complexes. Preferably, the lithium salt is LiPF6, with a concentration of 0.5–1.5 mol / L. The solvent is selected between EC:EMC = 10:90 (mass ratio) and EC:EMC = 40:60, preferably EC:EMC = 30:70. Preferably, the additive is VC, with an initial addition amount of 1%–10% (mass ratio). Preferably, the initial addition amount is 4%.

[0099] Step 3: Cell assembly. The preferred cell capacity, calculated based on the positive electrode capacity limitation, is 20AH, with a cell thickness of 10-20mm, a cell length of 300-500mm, a cell width of 200-400mm, and the lead-out tabs located along the length direction.

[0100] Step 4: Install the additive release device for the battery cell. The additive release device for the battery cell provided in the foregoing embodiments of this application is placed in the lead-out space of the pouch battery cell. Its thickness is limited to 10-20 mm (the thickness of the battery cell), its length is limited to 300-500 mm (the width of the battery cell), and its width is the remaining space, with a dimension of 10-30 mm. The liquid volume stored is 30-300 cm³. 3 The space occupancy coefficient of the micro-electromagnetic valve is set to 0.1–0.5, resulting in an effective liquid storage capacity of 3–150 g for the additive release device. Preferably, the liquid storage capacity is set to 15 g, and the electrolyte composition in the storage chamber is 50–90% VC + 50% + 10% EA (mass ratio). Preferably, in this experiment, the electrolyte composition in the storage chamber is 6 g VC + 9 g EA.

[0101] Step 5: Inject electrolyte. Inject 0.5-1.5 mol / L EC:EMC (30:70) + 1-10% VC electrolyte into the battery cell, with an injection volume of 100-200g; preferably, the injection volume is 120g.

[0102] Step 6: Pre-package the battery cells and leave an air bag.

[0103] Step 7: Formation and Capacity Testing. The cells are formed using a current of 0.1C to 1C and then screened for capacity testing.

[0104] Step 8: Release verification of the soft-pack battery cell. Remove excess aluminum-plastic film from the battery; final sealing of the cell.

[0105] Step 9: Battery 60℃ Cycling. Place the above battery cells in a 60℃ constant temperature oven and perform constant current and constant voltage charge-discharge tests.

[0106] Step 10: Additive Release. Based on the additive consumption model, it is predicted that approximately 1 wt% of VC content will be consumed every 100 cycles. After 100 cycles at 60℃, the BMS, via the controller, opens the flow valve using a micro-solenoid valve. Given that the electrolyte (excluding additives) injection volume is 120g and the additive dosage is 4g, and approximately 3 wt% of additive is consumed during the initial formation, the first stage requires the release of 1g of additive, which is equivalent to releasing 1.5g of electrolyte. The electrolyte density is 1.1g / cm³. 3 The electrolyte volume is 1.4 cm3; the flow rate of the flow valve is 1 cm3 / min, so the flow valve needs to be open for 1.4 min; considering a tolerance coefficient of 0.5 to 1.5, the release time is set to 2 min.

[0107] Step 11: Heating diffusion and re-formation. Place the individual cells in an oven at 40-60°C and let them stand for 24-78 hours. After cooling for 6 hours, form the cells with a current of 0.1C-1C.

[0108] Repeat steps nine, ten, and eleven above, testing the battery capacity and DCIR at revolutions 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600. Simultaneously, test the additive content at revolutions 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, and 600. Label the experimental cells used in Part I of the experiment as A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6.

[0109] Part Two of the Experiment:

[0110] Step 1: Fabrication of the positive electrode sheet. The main materials for the positive electrode sheet include nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate materials, lithium cobalt oxide materials, lithium manganese oxide materials, and composite materials of these materials. Conductive agents include conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials of these materials. Binders include PVDF-based and PVP-based binders, and composite materials of these materials. Dispersants include CMC, etc.; solvents include NMP, water, etc., and composite materials of these materials.

[0111] Preferably, the positive electrode active material is nickel-cobalt-manganese, the conductive carbon black is used as the conductive agent, PVDF is used as the binder, and NMP is used as the solvent.

[0112] Preferably, the process for manufacturing the positive electrode sheet is an oil-based coating process, which involves mixing the main material, conductive agent, binder, and solvent in a certain proportion to obtain a positive electrode slurry, which is then coated onto the aluminum current collector.

[0113] Step 2: Fabrication of the negative electrode sheet. The main materials of the negative electrode sheet include graphite, silicon, silicon-carbon, lithium metal, and composite materials of these materials; conductive agents include conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials of these materials; binders include PVDF, PVP, SBR, and composite materials of these materials; dispersants include CMC and composite materials of these materials; solvents include NMP, water, and composite materials of these materials.

[0114] Preferably, the negative electrode active material is graphite, conductive carbon black is used as a conductive agent, SBR is used as a binder, CMC is used as a dispersant, and water is used as a solvent.

[0115] Preferably, the process for manufacturing the negative electrode sheet is an aqueous coating process, which involves mixing the main material, conductive agent, binder, dispersant, and solvent in a certain proportion to obtain a negative electrode coating slurry, which is then coated onto the copper current collector.

[0116] The battery cell contains a liquid electrolyte, which includes lithium salts, solvents, and additives. The lithium salts include LiPF6, LiDFOB, LiFSI, LiTFSI, and their complexes. The solvents include ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and their complexes. The additives include VC, TMSP, LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiPO2F2, and their complexes. Preferably, the lithium salt is LiPF6, with a concentration of 0.5–1.5 mol / L. The solvent is selected between EC:EMC = 10:90 (mass ratio) and EC:EMC = 40:60, preferably EC:EMC = 30:70. Preferably, the additive is VC, with an initial addition amount of 1%–10% (mass ratio), preferably 4%.

[0117] Step 3: Cell assembly. The preferred cell capacity, calculated based on the positive electrode capacity limitation, is 20AH, with a cell thickness of 10-20mm, a cell length of 300-500mm, a cell width of 200-400mm, and the lead-out tabs located along the length direction.

[0118] Step 4: Inject electrolyte. Inject 0.5-1.5 mol / L EC:EMC (30:70) + 1-10% VC into the battery cell, with an injection volume of 100-200g; preferably, the injection volume is 120g + 24g VC.

[0119] Step 5: Pre-package the battery cells and leave an air bag.

[0120] Step 6: Formation and Capacity Testing. The cells are formed using a current of 0.1C to 1C and then screened for capacity testing.

[0121] Step 7: Battery 60℃ Cycling. Place the above battery cells in a 60℃ constant temperature oven and perform constant current and constant voltage charge-discharge tests.

[0122] Step 8: Additive release. This includes simulations such as... Figures 2-3 The additive release device shown releases additives gradually into the cell throughout the entire working process, with a larger mass of additives released in the initial stage and a gradually decreasing mass of additives released subsequently.

[0123] The battery capacity and DCIR were tested at cycles 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600. Simultaneously, the additive content was tested at cycles 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, and 600. The control group cells used in the second part of the experiment were labeled B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6.

[0124] The data collected from the above two experiments can be represented by Tables 1-3 below.

[0125] Table 1

[0126] battery cells 1 lap 101 laps 201 laps 301 laps 401 laps 501 laps 600 laps A1 1.5％ 1.1％ 1.2％ 1.2％ 1.3％ 1.5％ 1.0％ A2 1.4％ 1.1％ 1.2％ 1.2％ 1.3％ 1.5％ 1.0％ A3 1.4％ 1.1％ 1.2％ 1.2％ 1.3％ 1.5％ 1.0％ A4 1.5％ 1.1％ 1.2％ 1.2％ 1.3％ 1.5％ 1.0％ A5 1.4％ 1.1％ 1.2％ 1.2％ 1.3％ 1.5％ 1.0％ A6 1.5％ 1.1％ 1.2％ 1.2％ 1.3％ 1.5％ 1.0％ B1 6.9％ 5.4％ 4.4％ 3.0％ 2.3％ 1.6％ 0.9％ B2 6.9％ 5.4％ 4.2％ 3.0％ 2.3％ 1.6％ 0.9％ B3 6.9％ 5.4％ 4.2％ 3.0％ 2.3％ 1.6％ 0.9％ B4 6.9％ 5.4％ 4.2％ 3.0％ 2.3％ 1.6％ 0.9％ B5 6.9％ 5.4％ 4.2％ 3.0％ 2.3％ 1.6％ 0.9％ B6 6.9％ 5.4％ 4.2％ 3.0％ 2.3％ 1.6％ 0.9％

[0127] Table 2

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] Table 3

[0131] battery cells 0 laps 100 laps 200 laps 300 laps 400 laps 500 laps 600 laps A1 20.01 19.2 18.8 18.4 18.2 17.8 17.2 A2 20.01 19.2 18.8 18.4 18.2 17.8 17.2 A3 20.02 19.2 18.8 18.4 18.2 17.8 17.2 A4 20.01 19.2 18.8 18.4 18.2 17.8 17.2 A5 20.02 19.2 18.8 18.4 18.2 17.8 17.2 A6 20.01 19.2 18.8 18.4 18.2 17.8 17.2 B1 20.00 19.2 18.6 18.2 17.8 17.2 16.8 B2 19.95 19.2 18.6 18.2 17.8 17.2 16.8 B3 19.91 19.1 18.5 18.1 17.7 17.1 16.7 B4 19.99 19.2 18.6 18.2 17.8 17.2 16.8 B5 19.96 19.2 18.6 18.2 17.8 17.2 16.8 B6 19.90 19.1 18.5 18.1 17.7 17.1 16.7

[0132] First, as shown in Table 1, the additive content in experimental groups A1-A6 remained constant between 1.0% and 1.5% regardless of the number of cycles (1, 100, ... 600). In contrast, the additive content in control group B1-B6 was higher initially, reaching 6.9%, but decreased to 0.9% after 600 cycles. This indicates that the additive release device provided in this application releases the additive more uniformly and stably.

[0133] Secondly, as shown in Table 2, the impedance of the cells in experimental groups A1-A6 remained at a low value, specifically between 1.2 and 1.5 mΩ, regardless of the number of cycles (1, 100, ... 600). In contrast, the impedance of the cells in the control group B1-B6 remained consistently high, between 1.8 and 3.0 mΩ, due to the higher additive content in the initial stage.

[0134] Furthermore, as shown in Table 3, the capacity of the cells in experimental groups A1-A6 decreased from approximately 20AH initially to approximately 17.2AH after 600 cycles, exhibiting a slower capacity decrease and higher capacity retention, thus resulting in a longer lifespan for the cells in the experimental group. In contrast, the capacity of the cells in the control group B1-B6 decreased from approximately 20AH initially to approximately 16.8AH after 600 cycles, exhibiting a faster capacity decrease and lower capacity retention, thus resulting in a shorter lifespan for the cells in the control group.

[0135] Therefore, through the above experiments, combined with the experimental data in Tables 1-3, it can be determined that the additive release device for the battery cell provided in this embodiment can achieve the technical effect of avoiding excessive increase in the impedance of the battery cell and increasing the service life of the battery cell.

[0136] This application also provides a battery system including an additive release device for the battery cell as described in any of the foregoing embodiments of this application.

[0137] This application also provides a vehicle, which may be an electric vehicle. The vehicle includes a battery system, which includes a battery cell and an additive release device for the battery cell as described in any of the foregoing embodiments of this application. The additive release device for the battery cell can be used to release additives into the battery cell.

[0138] Furthermore, the controller 31 provided in this application embodiment may include a hardware structure and / or a software module to implement the above functions in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. Whether a certain function is executed in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0139] For example, controller 31 may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods or steps, such as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). As another example, when controller 31 is implemented in the form of processing element scheduler code, the processing element may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or other processor capable of calling program code. Furthermore, controller 31 may also be implemented as a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0140] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0141] For example, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including a processor and a memory; wherein the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor can execute the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor performs any method or any step of a method executed by the controller 31 as described in any of the foregoing embodiments of this application.

[0142] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, can be used to implement any method or any step of a method executed by the controller 31 as described in the foregoing embodiments of this application.

[0143] This application also provides a chip for executing instructions, the chip being used to perform any of the methods or steps of the methods executed by the controller 31 as described above.

[0144] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed, implements any of the methods or steps of any of the methods executed by the controller 31 as described above.

[0145] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0146] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An additive release device for a battery cell, characterized in that, include: Storage structure (2) and release structure (3), wherein the storage structure (2) is connected to the cell (1) through the release structure (3), and the storage structure (2) is used to store the additives of the cell (1); The release structure (3) is used to control the additives stored in the storage structure (2) to enter the cell body (10) of the cell (1); The release structure (3) includes a controller (31) and a switch structure (32). The first end of the switch structure (32) is used to connect to the storage structure (2), and the second end of the switch structure (32) is used to connect to the battery cell body (10). The controller (31) is communicatively connected to the switch structure (32). The controller (31) is used to obtain the working status information of the battery cell (1) and control the switch structure (32) to conduct for a first preset time according to the working status information, so that the additive stored in the storage structure (2) enters the battery cell body (10) through the switch structure (32) within the first preset time. The controller (31) is also used for: Based on the working status information and the mapping relationship, the weight of the additive to be released is determined. The mapping relationship includes multiple working status information and the weight of the additive corresponding to each working status information. The first preset duration is determined based on the weight of the additive, the density of the additive, and the flow rate of the switch structure (32).

2. The additive release device for the battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating status information includes at least one of the following: the number of cycles and internal resistance of the battery cell (1).

3. The additive release device for a battery cell according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, The release structure (3) further includes a heating structure (33), which is communicatively connected to the controller (31). The controller (31) is used to control the heating structure (33) to heat the battery cell body (10) at a preset temperature for a second preset duration after the first preset duration.

4. The additive release device for a battery cell according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, The release structure (3) further includes a communication structure (34), and the controller (31) is connected to the control terminal of the switch structure (32) through the communication structure (34). The communication structure (34) is a connection line or a wireless communication module. The controller (31) is also used to send a first control signal to the control terminal of the switch structure (32) through the communication structure (34) to control the switch structure (32) to be turned on, and to send a second control signal to the control terminal of the switch structure (32) through the communication structure (34) to control the switch structure (32) to be turned off.

5. The additive release device for a battery cell according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first end of the switch structure (32) is connected to the first opening on the surface of the storage structure (2). The first opening is located on the lower surface of the storage structure (2) in the direction of gravity, or on the side surface of the storage structure (2) in the direction of gravity and located on a portion of the horizontal midline of the side surface downwards. The second end of the switch structure (32) is connected to the second opening on the surface of the cell body (10). The second opening is located on the upper surface of the cell body (10) in the direction of gravity and is located next to one of the tabs of the cell body (10).

6. The additive release device for a battery cell according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, The battery cell body (10), the storage structure (2) and the switching structure (32) are encapsulated within the housing (11) of the battery cell (1).

7. A battery system, characterized in that, include: The battery cell (1) and the additive release device for the battery cell as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the battery system as described in claim 7.

9. The vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The controller (31) is the battery management system (BMS) of the vehicle; or the controller (31) is integrated into the BMS.

10. A method for releasing additives into a battery cell, characterized in that, The storage structure (2) is connected to the battery cell (1) through the release structure (3), and the storage structure (2) is used to store the additives of the battery cell (1). The method for releasing the additives of the battery cell includes: The release structure (3) controls the additives stored in the storage structure (2) to enter the cell body (10) of the cell (1); The release structure (3) includes a controller (31) and a switch structure (32). The first end of the switch structure (32) is used to connect to the storage structure (2), and the second end of the switch structure (32) is used to connect to the battery cell body (10). The controller (31) is communicatively connected to the switch structure (32). The release structure (3) controls the additive stored in the storage structure (2) to enter the cell body (10) of the cell (1), including: The controller (31) acquires the working status information of the battery cell (1) and controls the switch structure (32) to conduct for a first preset time according to the working status information, so that the additive stored in the storage structure (2) enters the battery cell body (10) through the switch structure (32) within the first preset time. The method further includes: The controller (31) determines the weight of the additive to be released based on the working status information and the mapping relationship. The mapping relationship includes multiple working status information and the weight of the additive corresponding to each working status information. The controller (31) determines the first preset duration based on the weight of the additive, the density of the additive, and the flow rate of the switch structure (32).

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