Small-size paddle antenna and 5G fusion positioning terminal

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a small-size paddle antenna and a 5G fusion positioning terminal. The antenna comprises an antenna shell, a coaxial cable and a printed board, the printed board is fixed in the antenna shell; a radiation body is arranged on the front face of the printed board, a microstrip line is downwards arranged at the lower end of the radiation body and connected with a core wire of the coaxial cable, and plane deformation sleeves are arranged on the two sides and the lower end of the microstrip line. A coaxial line outer conductor of the coaxial cable is welded with the plane deformation sleeve; the top end of the radiation main body is a first fractal structure, and the first fractal structure is used for expanding the resonant frequency of the antenna from an initial frequency to a first preset frequency; the center of the radiation main body is of a hexagonal annular fractal structure, and the hexagonal annular fractal structure is used for expanding the resonant frequency of the antenna to a second preset frequency; the lower end of the radiation main body is of a flaring structure, and the flaring structure is used for guaranteeing that standing waves of the antenna in frequency bands corresponding to the second preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency meet preset conditions. And the miniaturization of the overall structure of the antenna is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communications and terminals (wireless / mobile communications, mobile terminals, etc.), and in particular to a small-sized paddle antenna and a 5G fusion positioning terminal. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of mobile communication systems, planar antennas are being developed and applied in the direction of miniaturization, multi-band, light weight, low profile, low cost, and easy integration.

[0003] Existing paddle antennas often use public mold antenna shells with small internal width and thickness, and are basically in the form of printed circuit boards. Commonly used vertically polarized omnidirectional antennas mainly use flat sleeve forms, flat dipole forms and flat biconical forms to achieve broadband.

[0004] However, in order to make the paddle antenna cover the entire frequency band, especially requiring the low frequency to start at 700MHz and requiring the antenna to radiate effectively, it is difficult to make the internal printed circuit board of the traditional paddle antenna smaller in size. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a small-sized paddle antenna and a 5G fusion positioning terminal to achieve miniaturization of the overall structure of the antenna.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a small-sized paddle antenna, comprising: an antenna housing, a coaxial cable and a printed circuit board; the printed circuit board is fixed in the antenna housing; a radiation body is arranged on the front of the printed circuit board, a microstrip line is arranged downward at the lower end of the radiation body, the microstrip line is connected to the core line of the coaxial cable, and a plane deformation sleeve is arranged on both sides and the lower end of the microstrip line; the coaxial line outer conductor of the coaxial cable is welded to the plane deformation sleeve, and the radiation body is determined based on an initial model corresponding to an initial frequency;

[0007] The top of the radiation body is a first fractal structure, and the first fractal structure is used to expand the resonance frequency of the antenna from the initial frequency to the first preset frequency. The first fractal structure is obtained by fractal processing on the top of the initial model;

[0008] The center of the radiation body is a hexagonal ring fractal structure, and the hexagonal ring fractal structure is used to extend the resonant frequency of the antenna to a second preset frequency. The hexagonal ring fractal structure is obtained by performing Minkowski-like fractal processing on a regular hexagon;

[0009] The lower end of the radiation body is a flared structure, and the flared structure is used to ensure that the standing wave of the antenna in the frequency band corresponding to the second preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency meets the preset conditions.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, the top of the initial model includes a horizontal line segment and two oblique lines, and the two oblique lines are respectively located on both sides of the horizontal line segment;

[0011] The first fractal structure includes a regular fractal structure corresponding to the horizontal line segment, and the regular fractal structure is determined based on a second-order Koch curve;

[0012] The first fractal structure includes a geometric fractal structure corresponding to two oblique lines, and the geometric fractal structure is obtained by performing secondary iteration on a semi-ellipse.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the hexagonal annular fractal structure is based on a regular hexagon with a first preset side length, and six regular hexagons with a second preset side length are extended outward with the six vertices of the regular hexagon with the first preset side length as the center to obtain a first-order Minkowski-like fractal structure, and then 30 regular hexagons with a third preset side length are extended outward with the 30 vertices of the first-order Minkowski-like fractal structure as the center.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the planar deformable sleeve includes radiating branches and gaps of a preset shape; the radiating branches and the gaps of the preset shape are used to expand the resonant frequency to a third preset frequency, wherein the third preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency are a first preset frequency band.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the back side of the dielectric board of the printed circuit board includes coupling branches, which are obtained by adjusting size parameters and appearance based on electromagnetic simulation of rectangular patches, and the coupling branches and the radiation branches are used to obtain a second preset frequency band.

[0016] In a possible implementation, a trapezoidal branch is arranged above the coupling branch, and the trapezoidal branch and the coupling branch extend the lower limit value of the second preset frequency band to a fourth preset frequency.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the trapezoidal branches include a left semi-trapezoidal branch and a right semi-trapezoidal branch, wherein the left semi-trapezoidal branch and the right semi-trapezoidal branch are mirror-symmetrical and each includes three levels of transverse branches and two levels of longitudinal branches;

[0018] The three levels of horizontal branches are arranged according to a first preset spacing;

[0019] The two-level longitudinal branches include a first longitudinal branch and a second longitudinal branch;

[0020] The lower end of the first longitudinal branch is spaced from the upper end of the coupling branch by a second preset distance;

[0021] The second longitudinal branch is located at the edge of the medium plate;

[0022] The first longitudinal branch and the second longitudinal branch are connected by the transverse branch.

[0023] In a possible implementation manner, the second longitudinal branch extends along the edge of the medium plate according to a first specified length; and the second longitudinal top is bent according to a second specified length.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the antenna further includes a resonant ring structure, the left and right sides of which are indented toward the center by a third preset spacing, and the resonant ring structure is a mapping result of a regular hexagon with a first preset side length corresponding to the hexagonal ring fractal structure mapped onto the back of a printed circuit board.

[0025] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a 5G fusion positioning terminal, which includes a small-sized paddle antenna as described in the first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0026] The small-sized paddle antenna and 5G fusion positioning terminal provided in the embodiments of the present application increase the electrical length of the antenna radiating body by changing the structure of the antenna radiator, including the first fractal structure at the top of the radiating body, the hexagonal ring fractal structure in the center of the radiating body, the flared structure at the lower end of the radiating body, etc., so that the antenna can resonate at a lower frequency and realize the miniaturization of the overall structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a small-sized paddle antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the front side of a printed circuit board provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the Koch curve provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the back side of a printed circuit board provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] The above drawings have shown clear embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail later. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] a-microstrip line; b-planar deformed sleeve; c-lower end of the radiating body; d-center of the radiating body; e-radiating branch; f-top of the radiating body; g-printed circuit board; h-coupling branch; i-multi-level ladder branch; j-resonant ring structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0036] With the rapid development of mobile communication systems, planar antennas are being developed and applied in the direction of miniaturization, multi-band, light weight, low profile, low cost, and easy integration.

[0037] Existing paddle antennas often use public mold antenna shells, with small internal width and thickness, and are basically in the form of printed circuit boards. Commonly used vertically polarized omnidirectional antennas mainly use flat sleeves, flat dipoles and flat bicones to achieve broadband. Limited by the small internal width and thickness, in order to make the paddle antenna cover the entire frequency band, especially the requirement that the low frequency starts at 700MHz, and the antenna needs to radiate effectively, it is difficult to make the internal printed circuit board of the traditional paddle antenna smaller in size. The length of the printed circuit board of ordinary paddle antennas is basically between 150mm and 200mm. Broadband monopole antennas are also often used on the market to shorten the antenna length, but in order for the antenna to radiate effectively in each frequency band, the width of the antenna must be greatly increased, making it difficult to make it into a paddle or flexible PCB form.

[0038] The present application provides a small-sized paddle antenna, which increases the electrical length of the antenna radiator by changing the antenna radiator structure and adding different fractal transformations, thereby solving the problem that the internal printed circuit board of the paddle antenna is difficult to achieve a smaller size.

[0039] The technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a small-sized paddle antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1As shown, the antenna comprises: an antenna housing, a coaxial cable and a printed circuit board; the printed circuit board is fixed in the antenna housing; a radiation body is arranged on the front of the printed circuit board, a microstrip line is arranged downward from the lower end of the radiation body, the microstrip line is connected to the core line of the coaxial cable, and a plane deformation sleeve is arranged on both sides and the lower end of the microstrip line; the outer conductor of the coaxial line of the coaxial cable is welded to the plane deformation sleeve;

[0041] The antenna housing is used to protect the internal structure of the antenna; the radiation body is determined based on an initial model corresponding to the initial frequency.

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the front side of the printed circuit board provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, a radiation body is arranged on the front of the printed circuit board g, wherein f is the top of the radiation body, d is the center of the radiation body, and c is the bottom of the radiation body. A microstrip line is arranged downward from the bottom c of the radiation body, the core wire of the coaxial cable is welded to the microstrip line a, and the outer conductor of the coaxial line is welded to the plane deformation sleeve b. The outer conductor of the coaxial line is a metal conductor surrounded by the insulating layer of the coaxial cable, which can shield external electromagnetic interference, prevent external electromagnetic waves from entering the coaxial line to affect signal transmission, and also prevent internal signals from leaking out to interfere with other devices.

[0043] When the antenna is working, the input current enters the radiating body through the coaxial cable for radiation.

[0044] The microstrip line can be, for example, a monopole microstrip antenna. According to general thinking, the antenna needs to cover the frequency band of 0.7GHz to 5GHz. For the monopole microstrip antenna operating in a quarter-wavelength mode, the wavelength corresponding to the 0.7GHz frequency is 428.57mm, so the antenna size needs to be as long as 107.14mm. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application increases the electrical length of the antenna radiator body by changing the structure of the antenna radiator, thereby achieving miniaturization of the overall structure.

[0045] The antenna size calculation formula is as follows:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, λ is the corresponding frequency wavelength, c is the speed of light, f is the frequency, and H is the antenna size.

[0048] In order to cover the working frequency band from 0.7GHz to 5GHz, an antenna with a smaller size and a close frequency band is set as the initial model of the antenna for optimization.

[0049] Exemplary: The working frequency band corresponding to the initial model can be, for example, 1.7GHz~5GHz, 3.4GHz~5GHz, etc. When the working frequency band corresponding to the initial model is 3.4GHz~5GHz, the initial frequency is 3.4GHz. The above formula is used to calculate that the length of the radiating body corresponding to the initial model is 22mm. The electromagnetic simulation software is used to perform simulation verification to confirm the initial size of the antenna. The initial model after confirming the initial size of the antenna is used as the initial model of the antenna. Through electromagnetic simulation, it is found that the surface current density at a frequency of 3.4GHz is mainly concentrated at point f at the top of the radiating body. Therefore, in order to shift the frequency band downward, it is necessary to increase the electrical length of the radiating body.

[0050] The top of the radiation body is a first fractal structure, and the first fractal structure is used to expand the resonant frequency of the antenna from the initial frequency to the first preset frequency. The first fractal structure is obtained by fractal processing on the top of the initial model;

[0051] In a possible implementation, the top of the initial model includes a horizontal line segment and two oblique lines, and the two oblique lines are respectively located on both sides of the horizontal line segment; the first fractal structure is described in detail:

[0052] The first fractal structure includes a regular fractal structure corresponding to the horizontal line segment, and the regular fractal structure is determined based on a second-order Koch curve (Koch curve);

[0053] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the Koch curve provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 (a) is the original line segment; Figure 3 (b) is the first-order Koch fractal curve; Figure 3 (c) is the second-order Koch fractal curve.

[0054] The Koch curve is generated by a two-dimensional plane and can be represented by four affine transformations:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Reference Figure 3 In (b), p1 represents the line segment p1s; p2 represents the line segment su; p3 represents the line segment ut; p4 represents the line segment tp2. θ represents the rotation angle, where ; Similarity ratio . x, y are the initial coordinates.

[0059] For example, refer to Figure 3 , when the similarity ratio When the line segment length is 4.71mm, draw the first-order Koch fractal curve: according to the above affine transformation p1, scale the original line segment by 1 / 3, the length is 1.57mm, and the first small broken line p1s is obtained; according to the above affine transformation p2, scale the original line segment by 1 / 3, rotate 60°, and translate to the corresponding position to obtain the second small broken line su; according to the above affine transformation p3, scale the original line segment by 1 / 3, rotate -60°, and translate to the corresponding position to obtain the third small broken line ut; according to the above affine transformation p4, scale the original line segment by 1 / 3, and translate to the corresponding position to obtain the fourth small broken line tp2. That is, construct an equilateral triangle with a side length of 1.57mm, remove the base of the equilateral triangle and the 1 / 3 line segments on both sides to form a first-order Koch fractal curve. Similarly, the second-order Koch fractal is composed of an equilateral triangle with a side length of 1 / 3 of all the line segments of the first-order Koch and 1 / 3 line segments on both sides. After 2 iterations, the bus segment length increases to the original .

[0060] The first fractal structure includes a geometric fractal structure corresponding to two oblique lines.

[0061] The geometric fractal structure is obtained by performing secondary iteration of the semi-ellipse.

[0062] Optionally, two identical semi-ovals are cut from the hypotenuse to form a first-order W-shaped branch, and then the remaining hypotenuse is cut with a semi-oval scaled by 1 / 2 to form a second-order W-shaped fractal branch, and the second-order W-shaped fractal branch is used as a geometric fractal structure. The cut shape can also be other geometric shapes, which is not limited in this application.

[0063] The surface current at the frequency point fills the outside of the gap structure at the edge of the fractal curve, greatly extending the current path. For example, the two fractal structures work together to reduce the resonant frequency from 3.4GHz to 3.0GHz, which is about 4 / 3 times, and the frequency band covers 3.0GHz-4.9GHz.

[0064] The center of the radiation body is a hexagonal ring fractal structure, and the hexagonal ring fractal structure is used to expand the resonant frequency of the antenna to a second preset frequency;

[0065] Among them, the hexagonal ring fractal structure is obtained by performing Minkowski-like fractal processing on the regular hexagon.

[0066] Second-order Minkowski-like fractal transformation of the shear deformation at the center d of the radiating body.

[0067] The basic Minkowski fractal is composed of two points and The minkowski fractal is represented by the two-point generation method.

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] in, are the vertices of the generator.

[0071] This calculation defines the relationship between the generator segments and the primary element. The results of the two equations can be expressed in the form of angle and modulus, and we get:

[0072]

[0073]

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] in, , K is the fractal scale factor. In this way, we get the basic first-order Minkowski fractal curve. Replace the first-order Minkowski fractal curve with a side length of The four sides of the square get a first-order Minkowski fractal ring structure. By iterating according to this method, we can get a multi-order Minkowski fractal ring structure.

[0078] For example, by simulation, the fractal ratio coefficient is K=0.5, the primary element is a square with a side length of 8 mm, and the first-order and second-order Minkowski fractal ring structures are formed. The resonance point is reduced from 3.0 GHz to 2.85 GHz.

[0079] In order to add more iterative branches and surface current paths, the present invention improves the conventional Minkowski fractal, uses the first-order Minkowski fractal curve for a regular hexagon with a side length, and iterates outward.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the hexagonal ring fractal structure is based on a regular hexagon with a first preset side length, and six regular hexagons with a second preset side length are extended outward with the six vertices of the regular hexagon with the first preset side length as the center to obtain a first-order Minkowski-like fractal structure, and then 30 regular hexagons with a third preset side length are extended outward with the 30 vertices of the first-order Minkowski-like fractal structure as the center.

[0081] Exemplary: Through electromagnetic simulation software simulation, the minkowski fractal ring structure with different parameters is cut on the antenna radiation body. The parameters compared are: different fractal scale coefficients , and the corresponding 1st-order deformation and 2nd-order deformation. The 2nd-order minkowski-like fractal ring structure with fractal scale factor K=0.25 is determined by comparing the simulation results.

[0082] These iterative structures produce different current flows that interact with each other, increasing the radiation resistance of the antenna and further reducing the resonant frequency. After the ring structure is formed, the internal surface current path increases. At the same time, the internal and external branches work together to better match the antenna impedance. Without changing the size of the main radiator, a nearly ring-shaped structure is formed, increasing the internal current flow distance. Reduce the resonant frequency, improve the radiation efficiency, and improve the impedance characteristics.

[0083] For example: Based on an equilateral hexagon with a side length of 4.6 mm, six regular hexagons with a side length of 1.15 mm are extended outward from its six vertices to form a first-order Minkowski-like fractal. In the first-order Minkowski-like fractal, 30 regular hexagons with a side length of 0.29 mm are extended outward from 30 vertices as the center to obtain the final second-order Minkowski-like fractal. The resonance point of 3.0 GHz is reduced to 2.7 GHz, which further expands the antenna bandwidth to 2.7 GHz-5 GHz.

[0084] The lower end of the radiation body is a flared structure, and the flared structure is used to ensure that the standing wave of the antenna in the frequency band corresponding to the second preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency meets the preset conditions.

[0085] The lower end c of the main radiator adopts a gradient structure that gradually widens. The characteristic impedance of the antenna does not drop suddenly but gradually decreases, which makes it easy to achieve a good match with the feeder at a, thereby expanding the frequency band and ensuring that the standing wave of the antenna in the frequency band corresponding to the second preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency meets the preset conditions.

[0086] The preset condition may be, for example, that the standing wave is less than 2.

[0087] In a possible implementation, the planar deformable sleeve includes radiation branches and gaps of a preset shape; the radiation branches and the gaps of the preset shape are used to extend the resonant frequency to a third preset frequency.

[0088] The third preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency are the first preset frequency band.

[0089] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the back side of a printed circuit board provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0090] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the form of the sleeve is changed according to the surface current distribution of the grounding section, a radiation branch e is introduced, and a new resonant frequency is added, for example, 1.9GHz-2.6GHz. By simulating the surface current of the antenna, it is found that from point d to point j, the closer to point d, the closer the radiation frequency is to 1.9GHz, so a slot is made here. The initial slot length is 1 / 4 times the wavelength of the third preset frequency. A slot is made on the radiation branch e, thereby changing the surface current of the antenna, so that the new resonant frequency is reduced to the third preset frequency. However, the standing wave in the frequency band corresponding to the third preset frequency to 2.6GHz is only less than 3, which does not meet the preset conditions. Through simulation software simulation, the slot width and length are adjusted, and the bandwidth is widened from the third preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency.

[0091] For example: the third preset frequency is 1.7GHz, the slot length is initially 1 / 4 times the wavelength of 1.7GHz, i.e. L=44mm, and the width is 0.35mm. A slot is made on the radiation branch e, thereby changing the surface current of the antenna, so that the new resonant frequency is reduced to 1.7GHz-2.6GHz. Then, through simulation software simulation, the slot width and length are adjusted, the slot top is widened to 3.5mm, and the length is 6.9mm, so that the 1.7-2.6GHz standing wave is reduced to below 2.5, and the bandwidth is widened to 1.7GHz-5GHz.

[0092] In a possible implementation, the back side of the dielectric board of the printed circuit board includes coupling branches, which are obtained by adjusting size parameters and appearance based on electromagnetic simulation of rectangular patches, and the coupling branches and radiation branches are used to obtain a second preset frequency band.

[0093] In order for the antenna to cover the frequency band of 0.7-0.96GHz where n28 is located, considering that if the resonant frequency of the monopole antenna is excited separately, one way is to increase the overall size of the antenna, and the other way is to add parasitic branches in the existing space. This application aims at miniaturization, so the impedance bandwidth is improved by loading a coupling feeding unit on the back of the dielectric plate. By adding a coupling branch h on the back of the dielectric plate, when current passes through the front radiating branch e, it does not directly contact with the coupling branch h, thereby changing the direction of current flow.

[0094] For example, the coupling branch h is derived from a rectangular patch with a length of 14 mm and a width of 20 mm on the back of the feeder, and its side length is approximately λ / 4 corresponding to the frequency of 0.9 GHz. The branch size parameters and shape are adjusted through electromagnetic simulation, and finally a coupling branch similar to a U shape is obtained. With the help of the coupling branch h and the radiation branch e, a new resonant frequency of 0.9 GHz to 1.0 GHz is generated.

[0095] In a possible implementation manner, a trapezoidal branch is arranged above the coupling branch, and the trapezoidal branch and the coupling branch extend the lower limit value of the second preset frequency band to a fourth preset frequency.

[0096] In order to further broaden the low-frequency resonance frequency and enable the antenna to cover 0.7 GHz, multiple branches are laid out reasonably to obtain multiple current paths, which excite adjacent resonance frequencies, and the trapezoidal branches are coupled with the coupling branches to extend the lower limit of the second preset frequency band to the fourth preset frequency.

[0097] In a possible implementation, the trapezoidal branches include a left semi-trapezoidal branch and a right semi-trapezoidal branch, the left semi-trapezoidal branch and the right semi-trapezoidal branch are mirror-symmetrical, and both include three levels of transverse branches and two levels of longitudinal branches; the three levels of transverse branches are arranged according to a first preset spacing; the two levels of longitudinal branches include a first longitudinal branch and a second longitudinal branch; the lower end of the first longitudinal branch is spaced a second preset spacing from the upper end of the coupling branch; the second longitudinal branch is located at the edge of the dielectric plate; the first longitudinal branch and the second longitudinal branch are connected by transverse branches.

[0098] Reference Figure 4 The trapezoidal branches include left semi-trapezoidal branches and right semi-trapezoidal branches. The left semi-trapezoidal branches and the right semi-trapezoidal branches are mirror-symmetrical, and both include three levels of transverse branches and two levels of longitudinal branches. The three levels of transverse branches are arranged at equal intervals, so that the resonance amplitude is enhanced when the antenna radiates here, and the matching impedance is adjusted. Exemplary: the transverse branches are spaced 2.4mm apart and 1.6mm long. The three levels of transverse branches are effectively coupled with the deformable sleeve e at the same time, further extending the electrical length, so that the antenna impedance is effectively matched at 0.7GHz-0.8GHz.

[0099] The two-level longitudinal branches include a first longitudinal branch and a second longitudinal branch; the first longitudinal branch is a longitudinal branch close to the center, and the lower end of the first longitudinal branch is spaced apart from the upper end of the coupling branch h by a second preset distance, for example, 0.5, and extends upward by a specified length according to simulation requirements, for example, 20.5 mm; the coupling branch h is coupled with the multi-level ladder-shaped branch i, so that the surface current of the antenna is effectively radiated through the ladder-shaped branches.

[0100] The second longitudinal branch is located at the edge of the dielectric board; the second longitudinal branch extends upward through the edge of the printed circuit board, avoiding the main radiation area on the front side of the antenna.

[0101] The first longitudinal branch and the second longitudinal branch are connected by a transverse branch.

[0102] In a possible implementation manner, the second longitudinal branch extends along the edge of the medium plate according to a first specified length; and the second longitudinal top end is bent according to a second specified length.

[0103] Optionally, due to the overall size limitation, based on a rectangular line with a length of 53.5mm and a width of 0.5mm. The structure is optimized by electromagnetic simulation software, and the final size is adjusted to a rectangular line with a total length of 35mm and a 5mm bend at the top. The above multiple branches are combined to form a trapezoidal branch i, and two groups of parasitic units are formed symmetrically about the center line of the antenna. The addition of the trapezoidal branch reduces the resonant frequency from 0.9GHz to 0.7GHz.

[0104] In a possible implementation, the antenna also includes a resonant ring structure, the left and right sides of the resonant ring structure are indented toward the center by a third preset spacing, and the resonant ring structure is a mapping result of a regular hexagon with a first preset side length corresponding to the hexagonal ring fractal structure mapped onto the back of the printed circuit board.

[0105] The resonant ring structure j is a 0th-order basic regular hexagon that maps the positive 2nd-order Minkowski-like fractal, and is derived from a resonant ring with a width of, for example, 0.5 mm. After adding the resonant ring, the electromagnetic simulation results show that the resonance amplitude does not change significantly. Through the simulation of the surface current analysis, it may be that the width of the opposite sides of the resonant ring is too large, which weakens the mutual coupling between the hexagonal sides. The distance between the left and right sides of the regular hexagon is adjusted, and the left and right sides are indented toward the center by a third preset spacing, which can be 0.7 mm, for example. The resonant ring generates multiple resonance points by disrupting the current flow, and works together with the rest of the structure to enable the antenna to effectively radiate in the 0.7GHz-1GHz frequency band while ensuring that the standing wave in this frequency band is less than 2.

[0106] Exemplary: Based on the antenna size corresponding to 3.4GHz as the basic antenna model, the first fractal structure and the hexagonal ring fractal structure are used to change the bending, folding, and grooving of the antenna radiator structure, as well as to increase coupling branches and parasitic units, so as to increase the electrical length of the antenna radiating body, enable the antenna to resonate at a lower frequency, and achieve miniaturization of the overall structure. The antenna printed circuit board size is 68.2*14.2*1mm, which is much smaller than the size of the antenna in the same frequency band. The antenna covers the full frequency band of 0.7GHz-1.0GHz\1.7GHz-5.0GHz.

[0107] A small-sized paddle antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application takes the antenna size corresponding to the initial frequency as the basic antenna model, and increases the electrical length of the antenna radiating body by changing the structure of the antenna radiator, including the first fractal structure at the top of the radiating body, the hexagonal ring fractal structure at the center of the radiating body, the flared structure at the lower end of the radiating body, etc., so that the antenna can resonate at a lower frequency and the miniaturization of the overall structure is achieved.

[0108] An embodiment of the present application provides a 5G fusion positioning terminal, including the above-mentioned small-sized paddle antenna, which improves the performance of the 5G fusion positioning terminal provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0109] Finally, it should be noted that those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention, which follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary technical means in the art not disclosed by the present invention, are not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the drawings, and may be modified and changed in various ways without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A small-sized paddle antenna, characterized in that: include: Antenna housing, coaxial cable and printed circuit board; The printed circuit board is fixed in the antenna housing; A radiation body is arranged on the front of the printed circuit board, a microstrip line is arranged downward at the lower end of the radiation body, the microstrip line is connected to the core line of the coaxial cable, and a plane deformation sleeve is arranged on both sides and the lower end of the microstrip line; the coaxial line outer conductor of the coaxial cable is welded to the plane deformation sleeve, and the radiation body is determined based on the initial model corresponding to the initial frequency; The top of the radiation body is a first fractal structure, and the first fractal structure is used to expand the resonance frequency of the antenna from the initial frequency to the first preset frequency. The first fractal structure is obtained by fractal processing on the top of the initial model; The center of the radiation body is a hexagonal ring fractal structure, and the hexagonal ring fractal structure is used to extend the resonant frequency of the antenna to a second preset frequency. The hexagonal ring fractal structure is obtained by performing Minkowski-like fractal processing on a regular hexagon; The lower end of the radiation body is a flared structure, and the flared structure is used to ensure that the standing wave of the antenna in the frequency band corresponding to the second preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency meets the preset conditions.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that include: The top of the initial model includes a horizontal line segment and two oblique lines, and the two oblique lines are respectively located on both sides of the horizontal line segment; The first fractal structure includes a regular fractal structure corresponding to the horizontal line segment, and the regular fractal structure is determined based on a second-order Koch curve; The first fractal structure includes a geometric fractal structure corresponding to two oblique lines, and the geometric fractal structure is obtained by performing secondary iteration on a semi-ellipse.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The hexagonal ring fractal structure is based on a regular hexagon with a first preset side length, with the six vertices of the regular hexagon with the first preset side length as the center, and six regular hexagons with a second preset side length are extended outward respectively to obtain a first-order Minkowski-like fractal structure, and then with the 30 vertices of the first-order Minkowski-like fractal structure as the center, 30 regular hexagons with a third preset side length are extended outward respectively to obtain it.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planar deformable sleeve includes radiating branches and gaps of a preset shape; the radiating branches and the gaps of the preset shape are used to expand the resonant frequency to a third preset frequency, wherein the third preset frequency to the fifth preset frequency are a first preset frequency band.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The back side of the dielectric board of the printed circuit board includes coupling branches, which are obtained by adjusting size parameters and appearance based on electromagnetic simulation of rectangular patches. The coupling branches and the radiation branches are used to obtain a second preset frequency band.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that A trapezoidal branch is arranged above the coupling branch, and the trapezoidal branch and the coupling branch extend the lower limit value of the second preset frequency band to a fourth preset frequency.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The trapezoidal branches include a left semi-trapezoidal branch and a right semi-trapezoidal branch, the left semi-trapezoidal branch and the right semi-trapezoidal branch are mirror-symmetrical, and both include three levels of horizontal branches and two levels of longitudinal branches; The three-level horizontal branches are arranged according to a first preset spacing; The two-level longitudinal branches include a first longitudinal branch and a second longitudinal branch; The lower end of the first longitudinal branch is spaced from the upper end of the coupling branch by a second preset distance; The second longitudinal branch is located at the edge of the medium plate; The first longitudinal branch and the second longitudinal branch are connected by the transverse branch.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: include: The second longitudinal branch extends along the edge of the medium plate according to a first specified length; The second longitudinal top end is bent according to a second specified length.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that The antenna also includes a resonant ring structure, the left and right sides of which are indented toward the center by a third preset spacing, and the resonant ring structure is a mapping result of a regular hexagon with a first preset side length corresponding to the hexagonal ring fractal structure mapped onto the back of the printed circuit board.

10. A 5G fusion positioning terminal, characterized in that: The terminal includes the small-sized paddle antenna as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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