Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications

Abstract

The invention provides a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications, belonging to the field of antennas. The antenna comprises N 2×2 sequentially rotating subarrays, each of which comprises four antenna units, each of which comprises a parasitic patch, a driving patch, an upper metal grounding layer, a lower metal grounding layer, and a dielectric substrate. The driving patch is located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the parasitic patch is located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the lower metal grounding layer has two feeding ports, each feeding port is respectively connected to an L-shaped feeding probe through a feeding metallized via hole to generate horizontal or / and vertical excitation to the driving patch, metallized blind holes arranged around the feeding metallized via hole array form an inner metal shielding cavity, and metallized blind holes arranged along the boundary array of the lower dielectric substrate form an outer metal shielding cavity; the antenna has a wide working bandwidth, excellent radiation performance, and rich polarization functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a Ka-band phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications. Background Art

[0002] Phased array antennas are key components in modern communication technology and have broad application prospects in satellite communications, radar detection, and military communications. Phased array antennas can control the direction of the transmit and receive beams by independently modulating the phase and amplitude of each array unit. This technology can quickly and flexibly change the direction and shape of the beam without moving the antenna to adapt to a variety of scenarios and multi-field applications. However, traditional phased array antennas have obvious disadvantages in beam scanning range, polarization function diversity, circular polarization axis ratio performance, etc., which limits the promotion and application of phased array antennas in certain scenarios.

[0003] With the rapid development of modern information society, people's demand for information is increasing day by day. This demand is not only reflected in quantity, but also in quality, timeliness and other aspects. However, traditional microwave frequency bands are difficult to meet the performance requirements of data transmission in modern communication systems. Ka-band is a key component of modern communication systems and an important direction for future development due to its wide frequency band and high performance. In terms of satellite communications, Ka-band supports high-speed data transmission and large-capacity communications, thereby providing efficient and reliable communication services for large data transmission and multi-scenario applications, such as high-definition video transmission, virtual reality, Internet of Things and other needs.

[0004] The highly integrated Ka-band phased array packaged antenna is one of the best candidate technologies for achieving full-area communication coverage. It integrates the transceiver system by packaging the antenna unit with the RF chip, meeting the requirements of modern communication systems for miniaturization, lightweight, high precision and high efficiency, in order to cope with complex electromagnetic environments and future communication needs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to design an antenna with wide working bandwidth, excellent radiation performance and rich polarization functions.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions: a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications, the antenna comprising N 2×2 sequentially rotating subarrays, each 2×2 sequentially rotating subarray comprising 4 antenna units, each antenna unit comprising a parasitic patch, a driving patch, an upper metal grounding layer, a lower metal grounding layer, and a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate comprising an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate arranged in layers, the upper metal grounding layer being located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the lower metal grounding layer being located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the driving patch being located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the parasitic patch being located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the lower metal grounding layer having two feeding ports, each feeding port being connected to an L-shaped feeding probe through a feeding metallized via respectively to generate horizontal or / and vertical excitation to the driving patch, the metallized blind holes arranged around the feeding metallized via array forming an inner metal shielding cavity, and the metallized blind holes arranged along the boundary array of the lower dielectric substrate forming an outer metal shielding cavity.

[0007] The present invention is based on the dual-fed L-type probe feeding technology and the back cavity technology. The designed antenna unit has four polarization working states: horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization. A sequential rotation geometric phase preset strategy is adopted for the antenna unit to realize differentiated dynamic control of the left / right circular polarization phase, thereby effectively suppressing the cross polarization in the main beam direction of the array, improving the circular polarization performance and widening the axial ratio bandwidth, and suppressing the propagation of surface waves by loading an inner metal shielding cavity around the feeding metallized via hole, thereby improving the isolation between the two feeding ports and reducing the coupling between the two feeding ports. By loading an outer metal shielding cavity at the boundary of the antenna unit, the coupling between the antenna units can be reduced and the antenna radiation characteristics can be improved.

[0008] Preferably, the antenna units are rotated sequentially by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° to form a 2×2 sequentially rotating subarray.

[0009] Preferably, the two feeding ports include a first feeding port and a second feeding port, the feeding metallized via includes a first feeding metallized via and a second feeding metallized via, the L-shaped feeding probe includes a first feeding probe and a second feeding probe, the first feeding port is connected to one end of the first feeding probe through the first feeding metallized via, the second feeding port is connected to one end of the second feeding probe through the second feeding metallized via, and the other end of the first feeding probe and the other end of the second feeding probe are respectively connected to the driving patch.

[0010] Preferably, the first feeding port is configured to be in an excited state and the second feeding port is in a non-excited state, and energy is transmitted from the first feeding metallized via to the first feeding probe, thereby generating excitation in the horizontal direction on the driving patch and generating horizontal polarization; the first feeding port is configured to be in a non-excited state and the second feeding port is configured to be in an excited state, and energy is transmitted from the second feeding metallized via to the second feeding probe, thereby generating excitation in the vertical direction on the driving patch and generating vertical polarization; the first feeding port and the second feeding port are configured to be in an excited state at the same time, and energy is simultaneously transmitted from the first feeding metallized via to the first feeding probe and from the second feeding metallized via to the second feeding probe, thereby generating excitation in the horizontal and vertical directions on the driving patch and generating left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.

[0011] Preferably, in each polarization state of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization, the excitation amplitude of each feeding port is kept unchanged, and the wavefronts in different directions are controlled by changing the initial phase to achieve two-dimensional dynamic beam scanning.

[0012] Preferably, the two-dimensional dynamic beam scanning angle range is ±50°.

[0013] Preferably, the metallized blind hole passes through the lower dielectric substrate and is located between the upper metal grounding layer and the lower metal grounding layer.

[0014] Preferably, the driving patch is square, each side of the driving patch has a gap, and the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe are respectively located in the gaps.

[0015] Preferably, the parasitic patches are all square and located directly above the driving patch, and each side of the parasitic patch has a gap.

[0016] Preferably, the antenna further comprises a radio frequency chip, and two antenna units are connected to the radio frequency chip as a group.

[0017] The advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0018] (1) The present invention is based on the dual-fed L-type probe feeding technology and the back cavity technology. The designed antenna unit has four polarization working states: horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization. The sequential rotation geometric phase preset strategy is adopted for the antenna unit to realize the differential dynamic control of the left / right circular polarization phase, thereby effectively suppressing the cross polarization in the main beam direction of the array, improving the circular polarization performance and widening the axial ratio bandwidth. With two-port feeding, the phased array has more advantages in beam scanning performance. By loading an inner metal shielding cavity around the feeding metallized via to suppress the propagation of surface waves, the isolation between the two feeding ports is improved, and the coupling between the two feeding ports is reduced. By loading an outer metal shielding cavity at the boundary of the antenna unit, the coupling between the antenna units can be reduced and the antenna radiation characteristics can be improved.

[0019] (2) Each feed port in the phased array packaged antenna of the present invention can independently adjust the amplitude and phase of the antenna unit. By simultaneously configuring the two feed ports in each antenna unit to have differentiated amplitudes and initial phases, fast and flexible switching of the four polarization working states of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization can be achieved.

[0020] (3) The present invention maintains the excitation amplitude of each feeding port unchanged in each polarization state, and independently controls the phase of each antenna unit to compensate for the phase required by different wavefronts. The beam can perform a large-angle dynamic scanning function of ±50 degrees in a two-dimensional area, enriching the multi-scenario application of the communication system.

[0021] (4) The antenna of the present invention is integrated with the radio frequency chip, which can realize the miniaturization and lightweight of the communication front-end system and improve the stability and reliability of the communication system.

[0022] (5) The antenna of the present invention has a compact size, simple structure, low processing cost, wide working bandwidth, excellent polarization performance, rich polarization functions, convenient operation, and high degree of integration, and is expected to play an important role in the new generation of satellite communication systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an antenna unit in a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an antenna unit in a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a parasitic patch in an antenna unit in a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a driving patch in an antenna unit in a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an upper metal ground layer and an L-shaped feed probe in an antenna unit in a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a metal shielding cavity and a feed metallized via in an antenna unit in a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a lower metal ground layer and a feed port in an antenna unit in a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 A working concept diagram of a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.10 When the Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention radiates horizontally polarized waves, the main polarization radiation pattern at a frequency of 19.5 GHz and the main polarization gain change curve with frequency in different working states;

[0033] Fig.11 When the Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention radiates vertically polarized waves, the main polarization radiation pattern at a frequency of 19.5 GHz and the main polarization gain change curve with frequency in different working states;

[0034] Fig.12 When the Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention radiates left-handed circularly polarized waves, the main polarization radiation pattern at a frequency of 19.5 GHz and the main polarization gain / axis ratio change curve with frequency in different working states;

[0035] Fig.13When the Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention radiates right-hand circularly polarized waves, the main polarization radiation pattern at a frequency of 19.5 GHz and the main polarization gain / axis ratio change curve with frequency in different working states;

[0036] In the figure: 1, 2×2 sequential rotating subarray; 2, antenna unit; 3, parasitic patch; 4, driving patch; 5, upper metal ground layer; 6, lower metal ground layer; 7, first feed metallized via; 8, second feed metallized via; 9, first feed probe; 10, second feed probe; 11, outer metal shielding cavity; 12, inner metal shielding cavity; 13, dielectric substrate; 131, upper dielectric substrate; 132 lower dielectric substrate; 14, first feed port; 15, second feed port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications, including N 2×2 sequentially rotating subarrays 1, Figure 1 The figure shows an 8×8 phased array package antenna formed by 64 2×2 sequentially rotated subarrays 1. Each 2×2 sequentially rotated subarray 1 includes 4 antenna units 2. The antenna units 2 are sequentially rotated by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° to form a 2×2 sequentially rotated subarray 1, and then the 8×8 phased array package antenna is formed by the 2×2 sequentially rotated subarray 1. Through the sequentially rotated geometric phase preset, the left / right circular polarization phase is differentially controlled, the cross polarization in the main polarization direction of the beam is effectively suppressed, the circular polarization performance is improved, and the axial ratio bandwidth is widened.

[0039] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the antenna unit 2 includes a parasitic patch 3, a driving patch 4, an upper metal grounding layer 5, a lower metal grounding layer 6, and a dielectric substrate 13. The dielectric substrate 13 includes an upper dielectric substrate 131 and a lower dielectric substrate 132 that are stacked. After the antenna is packaged, the dielectric substrate 13 forms an integral packaging material. The upper metal grounding layer 5 is located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 132, the lower metal grounding layer 6 is located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 132, the driving patch 4 is located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 132, and the parasitic patch 3 is located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 132 and directly above the driving patch 4. By loading the parasitic patch 3 directly above the driving patch 4, the working bandwidth of the antenna can be broadened.

[0040] See also Figure 8 , two feeding ports are provided on the lower surface of the lower metal ground layer 6, namely a first feeding port 14 and a second feeding port 15, the first feeding port 14 is connected to one end of the first feeding probe 9 through the first feeding metallized via 7, the second feeding port 15 is connected to one end of the second feeding probe 10 through the second feeding metallized via 8, and the other end of the first feeding probe 9 and the other end of the second feeding probe 10 are respectively connected to the driving patch 4, see Figure 6 The first feeding probe 9 and the second feeding probe 10 together form an L shape, and the dual-feed L-type probe feeding technology is adopted to realize the quadruple polarization function of the antenna.

[0041] like Figure 7 As shown, the metallized blind holes arranged in an array around the first feed metallized via 7 and the second feed metallized via 8 form an inner metal shielding cavity 12, and the metallized blind holes arranged in an array along the boundary of the lower dielectric substrate 132 form an outer metal shielding cavity 11. The metallized blind holes penetrate the lower dielectric substrate 132 and are located between the upper metal grounding layer 5 and the lower metal grounding layer 6. The propagation of surface waves is suppressed by loading the inner metal shielding cavity 12 around the second feed metallized via 8 of the first feed metallized via 7, thereby improving the isolation between the two feed ports and reducing the coupling between the two feed ports. By loading the outer metal shielding cavity 11 at the boundary of the antenna unit 2, the coupling between the antenna units 2 can be reduced and the antenna radiation characteristics can be improved.

[0042] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 The driving patch 4 is square, each side of the driving patch 4 has a gap extending toward the center, and the first feeding probe 9 and the second feeding probe 10 are respectively located in the gaps. The parasitic patches 3 are all square and located directly above the driving patch 4, and each side of the parasitic patch 3 has a gap extending toward the center.

[0043] like Fig. 9As shown, the first feeding port 14 and the second feeding port 15 of the antenna unit 2 are interconnected with the RF chip respectively, and the two antenna units 2 are connected to the RF chip as a group. The L-shaped feeding probes of the two antenna units 2 are directly connected to the RF chip through strip lines. Under the control of the RF chip, the amplitude and phase of each antenna unit can be individually and accurately controlled, realizing the rapid switching of the polarization state and the dynamic and accurate control of the beam pointing. Figure 1 Taking the 8×8 phased array package antenna formed by 64 2×2 sequentially rotating subarrays 1 as an example, the entire array has 128 feed ports, each of which can independently adjust the amplitude and phase of the antenna unit. By configuring the 128 feed ports with differentiated amplitudes and initial phases at the same time, the four polarization working states of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization can be quickly switched.

[0044] In these four independent polarization states, the excitation amplitude of each port is kept unchanged, and the wavefront in different directions is regulated by changing the initial phase, thereby realizing the ±50° two-dimensional dynamic beam scanning function. The polarization switching principle of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization, as well as the beam scanning principle under the four polarization states, will be discussed below.

[0045] Under the control of the RF chip, when the first feed port 14 is configured to be in an excitation state and the second feed port 15 is configured to be in a non-excitation state, energy will be transmitted from the first feed metallized via 7 to the first feed probe 9, thereby generating a horizontal excitation direction for the drive patch 4 and generating a horizontal polarization state. For all antenna units 2 on the phased array packaged antenna, the first feed port 14 in the horizontal direction (along the X-axis direction) is set to an excitation state, and the second feed port 15 in the vertical direction (along the Y-axis direction) is set to a non-excitation state, then the phased array packaged antenna will radiate horizontal polarized waves. In order to achieve wavefront control in different directions, the initial phase of the first feed port 14 in the horizontal direction is adjusted to compensate for the phase required by each antenna unit, thereby realizing the two-dimensional beam scanning function of the horizontal polarized wave.

[0046] When the first feed port 14 is configured to be in a non-excited state and the second feed port 15 is configured to be in an excited state, energy will be transmitted from the second feed metallized via 8 to the second feed probe 10, thereby generating an excitation in the vertical direction on the driving patch 4 and generating a vertical polarization state. For all units on the phased array package antenna, the second feed port 15 in the vertical direction is set to an excited state and the first feed port 14 in the horizontal direction is set to a non-excited state, then the phased array package antenna will radiate vertically polarized waves. In order to achieve wavefront control in different directions, the initial phase of the second feed port 15 in the vertical direction is controlled to compensate for the phase required by each antenna unit, thereby realizing the two-dimensional beam scanning function of the vertically polarized wave.

[0047] When the first feeding port 14 and the second feeding port 15 are configured to be in an excitation state at the same time, energy will be transmitted from the first feeding metallized via 7 to the first feeding probe 9, and from the second feeding metallized via 8 to the second feeding probe 10, thereby simultaneously generating excitations in the horizontal and vertical directions on the driving patch 4. At this time, by adjusting the initial phase difference of the two feeding ports to ±90°, left-handed circularly polarized waves and right-handed circularly polarized waves can be generated respectively. In addition, in order to achieve wavefront control in different directions, while always maintaining the initial phase difference of the two feeding ports to ±90°, the initial phases of the two ports are adjusted at the same time to compensate for the phase required by each antenna unit, thereby respectively achieving the two-dimensional beam scanning functions of left-handed circularly polarized waves and right-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0048] The present invention is based on dual-fed L-type probe feeding technology and back cavity technology, which can achieve broadband design while ensuring that the antenna and the back-end RF chip have a high degree of isolation. Under the control of the RF chip, it can achieve rapid switching between the four polarization states of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization, as well as precise control of the beam pointing under each polarization working state. It has the advantages of compact size, wide working frequency band, high port isolation, and low cross-polarization level. By integrating with the RF chip, the communication front-end system can be miniaturized and lightweight, and the stability and reliability of the communication system can be improved. The antenna of the present invention has a simple structure, low processing cost, wide working bandwidth, excellent polarization performance, rich polarization functions, convenient operation, and a high degree of integration. It is expected to play an important role in the new generation of satellite communication systems.

[0049] The 3D packaging process is used to manufacture Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antennas for low-orbit satellite communications, to achieve interconnection between antennas and chips, reduce design difficulty, and achieve high system integration. Related simulation and testing of the antenna: Fig.10 It is the main polarization radiation pattern of the phased array package antenna in the horizontal polarization state at a frequency of 19.5GHz and the curve of the gain / axial ratio of the main polarization changing with the frequency; Fig.11It is the main polarization radiation pattern of the phased array package antenna in the vertical polarization state at a frequency of 19.5GHz and the curve of the gain / axial ratio of the main polarization changing with the frequency; Fig.12 It is the main polarization radiation pattern of the phased array package antenna in the left-hand circular polarization state at a frequency of 19.5GHz and the curve of the main polarization gain changing with the frequency; Fig.13 This is the main polarization radiation pattern of the phased array packaged antenna in the right-hand circular polarization state at a frequency of 19.5GHz and a curve of the main polarization gain varying with frequency.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications, characterized by: The antenna comprises N 2×2 sequential rotating subarrays (1), each 2×2 sequential rotating subarray (1) comprises four antenna units (2), each antenna unit (2) comprises a parasitic patch (3), a driving patch (4), an upper metal grounding layer (5), a lower metal grounding layer (6), and a dielectric substrate (13), the dielectric substrate (13) comprising an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate arranged in a stacked manner, the upper metal grounding layer (5) being located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate, and the lower metal grounding layer (6) being located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate. The driving patch (4) is located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the parasitic patch (3) is located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the lower metal grounding layer (6) has two feeding ports, each feeding port is connected to an L-shaped feeding probe through a feeding metallized via hole to generate horizontal and / or vertical excitation to the driving patch (4), the metallized blind holes arranged around the feeding metallized via hole array form an inner metal shielding cavity (12), and the metallized blind holes arranged along the boundary array of the lower dielectric substrate form an outer metal shielding cavity (11).

2. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna unit (2) is rotated sequentially by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° to form a 2×2 sequentially rotating subarray (1).

3. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two feeding ports include a first feeding port (14) and a second feeding port (15), the feeding metallized vias include a first feeding metallized via (7) and a second feeding metallized via (8), the L-shaped feeding probe includes a first feeding probe (9) and a second feeding probe (10), the first feeding port (14) is connected to one end of the first feeding probe (9) through the first feeding metallized via (7), the second feeding port (15) is connected to one end of the second feeding probe (10) through the second feeding metallized via (8), and the other end of the first feeding probe (9) and the other end of the second feeding probe (10) are respectively connected to the driving patch (4).

4. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first feeding port (14) is configured to be in an excited state, and the second feeding port (15) is configured to be in a non-excited state, and energy is transmitted from the first feeding metallized via hole (7) to the first feeding probe (9), thereby generating excitation in the horizontal direction on the driving patch (4), thereby generating horizontal polarization; the first feeding port (14) is configured to be in a non-excited state, and the second feeding port (15) is configured to be in an excited state, and energy is transmitted from the second feeding metallized via hole (8) to the second feeding probe (10), thereby generating excitation in the vertical direction on the driving patch (4), thereby generating vertical polarization; and the first feeding port (14) and the second feeding port (15) are configured to be in an excited state at the same time, and energy is transmitted from the first feeding metallized via hole (7) to the first feeding probe (9), and from the second feeding metallized via hole (8) to the second feeding probe (10), thereby generating excitation in the horizontal and vertical directions on the driving patch (4), thereby generating left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.

5. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 4, characterized in that: In each polarization state of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization, the excitation amplitude of each feeding port is kept unchanged, and the wavefronts in different directions are controlled by changing the initial phase to achieve two-dimensional dynamic beam scanning.

6. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 5, characterized in that: The 2D dynamic beam scanning angle range is ±50°.

7. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metalized blind hole penetrates the lower dielectric substrate and is located between the upper metal grounding layer (5) and the lower metal grounding layer (6).

8. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving patch (4) is square in shape, and each side of the driving patch (4) has a gap, and the first feeding probe (9) and the second feeding probe (10) are respectively located in the gaps.

9. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 7, characterized in that: The parasitic patches (3) are all square and are located directly above the driving patches (4), and each side of the parasitic patches (3) has a gap.

10. The Ka-band highly integrated phased array packaged antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna also includes a radio frequency chip, and two antenna units (2) are connected to the radio frequency chip as a group.

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