Adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a self-adaptive impedance matching method of a high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle, and relates to the technical field of signal processing.The method comprises the following steps: step 1: obtaining physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; calculating an electromagnetic field characteristic vector and a transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector; step 2: calculating a propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; and calculating a characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; step 3: calculating a reflection coefficient and an impedance error; step 4: calculating a compensation parameter vector, generating a control signal by using an adaptive control theory according to the compensation parameter vector, and calculating an impedance matching degree according to the control signal.The application can accurately cope with impedance changes in complex environments, significantly reduce signal reflection and energy loss, and improve transmission efficiency and signal integrity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of signal processing, and particularly relates to an adaptive impedance matching method for a high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the rapid development process of new energy vehicles, high-frequency signal transmission technology has become one of the core technologies to support the intelligentization, networking and efficient energy management of vehicles. Especially in vehicle communication, energy management modules and automatic driving perception systems, the reliable transmission of high-frequency signals plays a crucial role in the stability and performance of the system. However, the existing technology still faces a series of challenges in high-frequency signal transmission, mainly focusing on signal integrity, transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability, etc. These problems are particularly prominent in the complex electromagnetic environment of new energy vehicles, and have a profound impact on the overall performance and reliability of the system.

[0003] Currently, high-frequency signal transmission technology has been widely used in power electronics, communication equipment, intelligent vehicles and other fields. For the impedance matching problem in signal transmission process, traditional technology mainly realizes it through static design method. For example, fixed characteristic impedance design, matching network optimization or load adjustment are used to reduce signal reflection and loss in transmission path. These methods can effectively improve signal transmission efficiency in theory, but have great limitations in practical application. In the fixed characteristic impedance design, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is determined by the accurate selection of geometric size (such as conductor radius, spacing) and dielectric material properties (such as dielectric constant, magnetic permeability). This method shows high matching degree in laboratory environment, but in practical application, the change of signal frequency, the change of transmission path length and the uncertainty of load condition will cause the impedance to deviate from the design value, and then cause signal reflection and energy loss. In addition, fixed impedance design is difficult to adapt to the impedance change in dynamic environment, such as the dynamic change of material performance during vehicle driving, the enhancement of electromagnetic interference and the influence of complex environment on signal propagation path. On the other hand, the matching network optimization technology adjusts the impedance in the transmission path by introducing external matching circuit (such as inductance, capacitance network). However, this kind of matching network is usually designed based on specific frequency and fixed load condition, and when the signal frequency or load state changes, the performance of the matching network will decrease significantly. In addition, the increase of matching network introduces additional signal attenuation and delay, which reduces the overall efficiency of the system. In high-frequency signal transmission, this additional energy loss may cause significant decrease of signal amplitude and have negative impact on the stability of transmission path. In order to solve the above problems, adaptive impedance matching technology has gradually become a research hotspot. This kind of technology realizes real-time optimization matching of signal by monitoring the impedance state of the system in real time and dynamically adjusting the characteristics of the transmission line according to the measurement results. For example, some existing researches adopt dynamic matching method based on power reflection coefficient to reduce reflection by adjusting the electrical characteristics of external components. However, the dynamic response speed of this kind of technology is limited, which is difficult to cope with the complex dynamic change scene in new energy vehicles. In addition, the existing adaptive matching method usually needs additional circuit design and high-cost hardware support, which is difficult to promote in large-scale production application. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide an adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicle, which can accurately cope with the impedance change in complex environment, significantly reduce signal reflection and energy loss, improve transmission efficiency and signal integrity, and has the advantages of fast response, high matching precision, strong environmental adaptability and low implementation cost, which provides comprehensive technical support for efficient and stable transmission of high-frequency signal in new energy vehicles.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, the method comprises:

[0007] Step 1: Obtain the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; Collect the local electromagnetic field data of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, combine the physical parameters, calculate the electromagnetic field characteristic vector to represent the electromagnetic field intensity distribution; According to the electromagnetic field characteristic vector, combine the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, calculate the transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector;

[0008] Step 2: According to the element value in the transmission line distribution vector, calculate the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; Combine the propagation constant and the element value in the transmission line distribution vector to calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle;

[0009] Step 3: According to the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, combine the characteristic impedance to calculate the reflection coefficient; According to the reflection coefficient, the incident power and the reflected power of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, calculate the impedance error;

[0010] Step 4: According to the impedance error, calculate the compensation parameter vector, and according to the compensation parameter vector, use the adaptive control theory to generate the control signal; The control signal is used to control the voltage of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle to complete the impedance matching; According to the control signal, calculate the impedance matching degree.

[0011] Further, in step 1, the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle at least include: connector cross-sectional area, relative magnetic permeability, relative permittivity, inner conductor radius, outer conductor radius, conductor conductivity, frequency, dielectric loss angle and transmission line length.

[0012] Further, in step 1, the electromagnetic field characteristic vector is calculated using the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] Where, x is the transmission distance; is the electromagnetic field characteristic vector; t is the time; is the electric field intensity when the transmission distance is x at time t; is the electric field intensity when the transmission distance is x at time t; S is the connector cross-sectional area; ∈ r is the relative permittivity; μ r is the relative magnetic permeability; α is the attenuation coefficient; dS is the area integral variable; × is the vector cross product operation.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 1, the transmission line distribution vector C of the high-frequency signal transmission connector is calculated using the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, L d (x) is the first element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed inductance; C d (x) is the second element of the transmission line distribution vector C, and R is the distributed capacitance; d (x) is the third element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed resistance; G d (x) is the fourth element of the transmission line distribution vector C, representing the distributed conductance; a is the radius of the inner conductor; b is the radius of the outer conductor; σ c δ is the conductor conductivity; tanδ is the dielectric loss tangent. This represents the magnitude of the electromagnetic field characteristic vector.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 2, the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles is calculated using the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Where γ(x,ω) is the propagation constant when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; ω=2πf; f is the frequency of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, and its value is greater than or equal to 10kHz; φ em Given the electromagnetic field phase difference, the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles is calculated using the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, Z c (x,ω) represents the characteristic impedance when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; θ z This is the impedance phase angle.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 3, the reflection coefficient is calculated using the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, Z L (x,ω) represents the load impedance at angular frequency ω and transmission distance x; Γ(x,ω) represents the reflection coefficient at angular frequency ω and transmission distance x; l represents the transmission line length; the impedance error is calculated using the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] where ΔZ is the impedance error; Z0 is the nominal characteristic impedance; P in is the incident power; P ref is the reflected power.

[0028] Further, in step 4, the compensation parameter vector is calculated by the following equation:

[0029]

[0030] where L c is the first element of the compensation parameter vector D, and is the compensation inductance; C c is the second element of the compensation parameter vector D, and is the compensation capacitance; R c is the third element of the compensation parameter vector D, and is the compensation resistance; is the real part of the calculated impedance error; φ Γ is the phase angle of the reflection coefficient.

[0031] Further, in step 4, the control signal is generated using adaptive control theory by the following equation:

[0032]

[0033] where τ is the time variable; dτ is the time integral variable; K is the total control order; k is an integer index; V ctrl (t) is the control signal at time t; τ k is the time constant of the kth order, and is the set value; is the kth derivative of the impedance error ΔZ with respect to time t.

[0034] Further, in step 4, the impedance matching degree is calculated by the following equation:

[0035]

[0036] where ∠γ(x, ω) is the phase angle of the propagation constant; V max is the maximum control voltage.

[0037] The adaptive impedance matching method of the new energy vehicle high-frequency signal transmission connector has the following beneficial effects: the present application realizes comprehensive modeling of the electromagnetic characteristics and signal propagation rules of the transmission path through dynamic calculation of the electromagnetic field characteristic vector and the transmission line distribution vector. Traditional impedance matching methods usually rely on fixed design parameters and are difficult to adapt to dynamic changes in actual applications. The present application combines the special needs of new energy vehicles and uses a method of real-time calculation of electromagnetic field characteristic vectors to comprehensively consider the geometric factors, material properties and energy distribution characteristics in the high-frequency signal propagation process. Through this modeling process, the present application can accurately capture the complex electromagnetic behavior in the signal propagation process, laying a precise foundation for subsequent propagation constant and characteristic impedance calculation. Compared with traditional static design, the dynamic modeling method of the present application significantly improves the parameter adaptability in the signal transmission process. The present application accurately describes the energy loss and phase change in the signal propagation process by introducing dynamic calculation of the propagation constant and the characteristic impedance. This method not only can evaluate the impedance matching state in real time, but also reveals the influence of impedance mismatch on signal transmission in a quantitative way. The calculation of the propagation constant integrates the transmission line distribution parameters, signal frequency and load conditions, and comprehensively reflects the attenuation characteristics and phase shift rules of the signal in the transmission path. The dynamic calculation of the characteristic impedance provides an accurate reference value for the matching target, enabling the system to flexibly adjust the matching strategy according to the actual impedance state. Through real-time updating of these two core parameters, the present application can quickly optimize impedance matching under different frequency, load and transmission path conditions, ensuring efficient transmission of high-frequency signals. On this basis, the present application further realizes comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the system matching state by calculating the reflection coefficient and impedance error. The reflection coefficient describes the reflection characteristics of the signal at the load interface, while the impedance error quantifies the deviation between the current impedance state and the ideal matching state. These parameters not only provide accurate feedback data for dynamic compensation, but also improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the matching state through modeling of multiple reflections and energy superposition effects. Especially after introducing the transmission path length and power ratio terms, the present application can effectively capture the complex influencing factors in long-distance transmission, thereby realizing dynamic optimization of signal transmission performance. More importantly, the present application adopts a dynamic compensation method based on a compensation parameter vector and adaptive control theory, which generates control signals in real time to adjust the electromagnetic characteristics in the transmission path. Compared with traditional static matching networks, the dynamic compensation method of the present application has the advantages of fast response and high-precision adjustment. The compensation parameter vector integrates the real part of the impedance error, the phase angle of the reflection coefficient and the dynamic characteristics of the signal frequency, ensuring that the calculation results of the compensation inductance, capacitance and resistance can adapt to system changes in real time. Through the exponential decay and multi-stage time adjustment mechanism of the control signal, the present application not only can quickly respond to sudden impedance deviations, but also can effectively compensate for long-term trends, significantly improving the stability and robustness of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The method flow diagram of the adaptive impedance matching method of the new energy vehicle high-frequency signal transmission connector provided by the embodiment of the application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] Embodiment 1: Reference Figure 1 The adaptive impedance matching method of the new energy vehicle high-frequency signal transmission connector comprises the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Obtain the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; collect the local electromagnetic field data of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, combine the physical parameters, calculate the electromagnetic field characteristic vector to represent the electromagnetic field intensity distribution; according to the electromagnetic field characteristic vector, combine the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, calculate the transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector;

[0042] The high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle usually needs to transmit high-frequency signals in a complex electromagnetic environment due to its special working environment. In such an environment, the physical parameters of the connector, including geometric dimensions, material properties, etc., can significantly affect its electromagnetic field distribution and signal transmission performance. Therefore, accurately obtaining these physical parameters is the basis for adaptive impedance matching. Specifically, the geometric dimensions determine the spatial distribution characteristics of the signal propagation path, while the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the material directly affect the propagation speed and energy loss of the electromagnetic field. By combining these physical parameters, the inherent electromagnetic characteristics of the connector can be initially characterized, providing initial conditions for subsequent calculation of its electromagnetic field distribution. However, relying solely on physical parameters cannot fully describe the electromagnetic behavior of the connector under dynamic working conditions. Therefore, combining the collection of local electromagnetic field data becomes crucial. Through high-precision electromagnetic field probes or finite element method-based simulation tools, the local electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity distribution within the working area of the connector can be obtained in real time. The electric field intensity reflects the potential difference generated during signal transmission, while the magnetic field intensity embodies the distribution and variation of signal current in space. These data, combined with the physical parameters of the connector, can further calculate the feature vector representing the electromagnetic field intensity distribution. The electromagnetic field feature vector, in terms of physical meaning, reflects the concentration and distribution of electromagnetic energy in space, and is a direct reflection of the signal propagation performance of the connector. The calculation of the electromagnetic field feature vector is a key task, involving the comprehensive analysis of electric and magnetic field energy density. When high-frequency signals propagate within the connector, their energy is distributed in space in the form of electromagnetic fields, and this distribution is affected by the complexity of the connector structure and the material properties. By calculating the electromagnetic field feature vector, the energy distribution differences caused by these factors during high-frequency signal propagation can be effectively captured. The feature vector not only provides detailed information about the local electromagnetic environment of the connector, but also provides data support for the subsequent calculation of the transmission line distribution vector. Combining the electromagnetic field feature vector with the physical parameters of the connector, the transmission line distribution vector can be further constructed to describe the spatial distribution characteristics of the signal within the transmission line. The physical meaning of this process is to map the local electromagnetic field distribution to the overall signal propagation path, thereby revealing the propagation law of high-frequency signals within the connector. The transmission line distribution vector not only reflects the spatial characteristics of signal propagation, but also includes the influence of transmission line geometry and material parameters on signal propagation. In this way, more comprehensive and accurate inputs can be provided for the calculation of propagation constants and characteristic impedances in subsequent steps.

[0043] Step 2: Calculate the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle according to the element values in the transmission line distribution vector; combine the propagation constant and the element values in the transmission line distribution vector to calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle;

[0044] The propagation constant is a complex parameter that describes the propagation characteristics of high-frequency signals within the connector, including both the attenuation constant and the phase shift constant. The attenuation constant reflects the amplitude attenuation of the signal during propagation due to conductor loss, dielectric loss, and other factors, while the phase shift constant describes the time delay caused by the phase change of the signal during propagation. The accurate calculation of these two quantities depends on the element values in the transmission line distribution vector, which represent the local distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field in space, and combines the dielectric constant, magnetic permeability, and resistivity of the connector material to provide the necessary conditions for the derivation of the propagation constant. Through the interaction of these parameters, the propagation behavior of the signal in the transmission line can be fully characterized, revealing the coupling relationship between the connector structure and the high-frequency signal propagation. On the other hand, the characteristic impedance, as an inherent property of the transmission line, characterizes the voltage-to-current ratio of the high-frequency signal under the condition of no reflection, and is an important indicator of signal integrity. The calculation of the characteristic impedance also depends on the input of the transmission line distribution vector, as it is not only affected by the geometric dimensions of the transmission line, but also by the electromagnetic properties of the material and the signal frequency. During the transmission of high-frequency signals, skin effect occurs on the surface of the conductor, and displacement current is generated in the dielectric, which are accurately captured in the transmission line distribution vector. Combined with these data, the complex form of the characteristic impedance can be calculated through mathematical modeling, thereby describing the energy transfer efficiency of the signal during propagation. The physical significance of Step 2 not only lies in the accurate description of the propagation constant and the characteristic impedance, but also in revealing the electromagnetic behavior characteristics of the connector through these parameters. The size of the propagation constant directly affects the frequency bandwidth and transmission loss of the signal, while the matching degree of the characteristic impedance determines the efficiency and stability of energy transmission. In the complex electromagnetic environment of new energy vehicles, the connector needs to cope with high signal frequency, strong external interference, and other challenges, therefore, accurate parameter calculation is particularly important. This invention combines physical parameters and electromagnetic field characteristics to achieve high-precision calculation of the propagation constant and the characteristic impedance using the transmission line distribution vector, breaking through the limitations of traditional methods relying on static assumptions, and significantly improving the dynamic adaptability and environmental robustness of parameter calculation. In addition, the calculation process of Step 2 provides key data support for impedance matching. The propagation constant and the characteristic impedance are not only basic parameters for describing the transmission performance of high-frequency signals, but also important indicators for evaluating the effect of impedance matching. The value of the characteristic impedance directly determines the target state of the matching, and the calculation result of the propagation constant provides the necessary conditions for the derivation of the reflection coefficient. Through the parameterization calculation of this step, a solid theoretical foundation can be laid for the generation of the control signal in the subsequent steps, making the implementation of impedance matching more scientific, accurate, and efficient.

[0045] Step 3: Calculate the reflection coefficient based on the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle and the characteristic impedance; calculate the impedance error based on the reflection coefficient, the incident power, and the reflected power of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle.

[0046] The reflection coefficient is a parameter that describes the signal reflection characteristics at the connector interface, and its calculation depends on the ratio of the characteristic impedance to the load impedance. The propagation of high-frequency signals in transmission lines is significantly affected by impedance distribution. When the characteristic impedance and the load impedance are perfectly matched, the energy of the signal can achieve non-reflective transmission; when they are not matched, part of the signal energy will be reflected back to the signal source, forming a standing wave effect. The size of the reflection coefficient is not only related to the design parameters of the connector, but also affected by the signal frequency and material characteristics. In calculating the reflection coefficient, the characteristic impedance obtained in the previous step needs to be combined to accurately quantify the degree of impedance mismatch at the interface through a mathematical model, thereby providing a basis for further analysis of energy distribution. After calculating the reflection coefficient, the impedance error is further calculated by combining the incident power and the reflected power. The incident power represents the total energy of the signal from the source to the entrance of the connector, which is the initial energy reference of the entire signal transmission process; the reflected power describes the energy backflow caused by impedance mismatch, representing the energy loss in the system. By comparing the incident power with the reflected power, the actual energy deviation caused by impedance mismatch, i.e., the impedance error, can be calculated. The impedance error is essentially a quantitative expression of energy loss, which links electromagnetic characteristics and transmission performance, providing a more comprehensive perspective for describing the working state of the connector. The calculation of the impedance error also needs to consider the frequency characteristics of the signal and the energy loss in the propagation path. Due to the wave nature of high-frequency signals, they are easily affected by material properties, geometric shapes, and external electromagnetic interference during propagation, leading to increased complexity in calculating the reflection coefficient and error. Therefore, by combining the propagation constant, characteristic impedance, and local electromagnetic field feature vector, the energy change on the signal propagation path can be more accurately modeled and calculated. This process utilizes the multi-dimensional parameter data obtained in the previous steps to couple the propagation characteristics of the signal in the connector with the overall energy transfer model, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for the implementation of subsequent matching and compensation strategies. In principle, the essence of Step 3 is to decompose and quantify the energy behavior of high-frequency signals in transmission lines, further revealing the relationship between signal transmission efficiency and impedance characteristics. By calculating the reflection coefficient, the proportion and direction of signal reflection can be determined; by calculating the impedance error, the degree of deviation of impedance matching can be quantified. These two core parameters not only describe the key characteristics of the signal in the transmission process, but also provide dynamic input for subsequent impedance adjustment. As a feedback quantity, the impedance error can reflect the gap between the current connector state and the ideal transmission conditions, and quantify this gap through a mathematical model. Combined with these calculation results, direct input can be provided for subsequent generation of control signals and implementation of impedance matching.

[0047] Step 4: according to the impedance error, calculate the compensation parameter vector, and according to the compensation parameter vector, generate a control signal using adaptive control theory; the control signal is used to control the voltage of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle to complete impedance matching; according to the control signal, calculate the impedance matching degree.

[0048] Firstly, impedance error, as the core quantity of system feedback, is a quantitative expression of the deviation between the current impedance state of the connector and the ideal impedance matching state. In high-frequency signal transmission, this deviation directly determines the efficiency of energy transmission and signal integrity, so its calculation result directly affects the generation of compensation parameters. In step 4, the impedance error is mapped to the compensation parameter vector through a specific algorithm. The physical meaning of the compensation parameter vector is that it decomposes the influence of the impedance error into a series of adjustable components related to the physical characteristics of the transmission line, thereby providing accurate adjustment basis for subsequent voltage control. This process is actually a reverse modeling of the electromagnetic field changes in the signal transmission process, and the overall impedance is dynamically adjusted through compensation of each parameter. Next, by taking the compensation parameter vector as input, adaptive control theory is applied to generate control signals. The principle of adaptive control is to dynamically adjust the control strategy according to real-time system feedback to adapt to changes in environmental or system parameters. In the high-frequency signal transmission of new energy vehicles, factors such as environmental temperature, material performance, and external electromagnetic interference may cause uncertain changes in impedance. Therefore, adaptive control can generate control signals for controlling the voltage of the connector through real-time tracking of impedance error and dynamic adjustment of compensation parameters. The generation of control signals is not a simple linear mapping, but a complex coupling of the distributed characteristics of the transmission line and the electromagnetic behavior of the connector, accurately describing the impact of voltage regulation on impedance matching through mathematical models. Voltage regulation is the core operation of step 4, which can change the electromagnetic field distribution in the signal propagation path by applying appropriate voltage adjustment to the connector, thereby achieving dynamic matching of the characteristic impedance. The physical basis of this adjustment method is that the characteristic impedance of the transmission line depends not only on geometric dimensions and material properties, but also on external conditions such as voltage and current. By controlling the voltage, the system can flexibly adjust the impedance characteristics of the connector within a certain range, making it more closely match the load impedance. The effect of voltage regulation is directly fed back to the reflection coefficient and impedance error, forming a closed-loop control loop to ensure the dynamic adaptability and stability of the system. Finally, the calculation of matching degree provides a quantitative evaluation standard for the entire impedance matching process. Matching degree is essentially a quantitative description of the impedance matching state of the system, and the closer its value is to 1, the higher the efficiency of signal energy transmission. The calculation result of the matching degree is not only used to evaluate the current control effect, but also used as a performance indicator for the adaptive control system to guide the next step of compensation and adjustment strategy. Through such a closed-loop feedback process, step 4 achieves dynamic impedance matching of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicles, ensuring efficient signal transmission and stable operation of the system.

[0049] In step 1 of embodiment 2, the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle include at least: connector cross-sectional area, relative magnetic permeability, relative permittivity, inner conductor radius, outer conductor radius, conductor conductivity, frequency, dielectric loss angle, and transmission line length.

[0050] Specifically, the cross-sectional area of the connector determines the spatial range of the signal propagation path, directly affecting the conductor resistance and the degree of skin effect. In high-frequency signals, the current tends to concentrate on the surface of the conductor, and a larger cross-sectional area of the conductor can effectively reduce the loss caused by the skin effect and improve the signal transmission efficiency. The cross-sectional area is also closely related to the distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field, and has a direct impact on the capacitance and inductance characteristics of the connector. The relative magnetic permeability describes the magnetic properties of the materials in the connector, that is, the ability of the material to conduct the magnetic field. High magnetic permeability materials can enhance the magnetic field strength in the transmission line, helping to improve the inductive characteristics of signal transmission. However, excessively high magnetic permeability may cause hysteresis loss and parasitic effects, so the material selection needs to be balanced to achieve efficient transmission. The relative permittivity reflects the response ability of the dielectric material to the electric field, directly affecting the signal propagation speed and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. High-permittivity materials can reduce the phase velocity of signal propagation, thereby shortening the physical length of the transmission line. However, it will also increase the capacitance effect, which brings challenges to the integrity of high-frequency signals. The inner and outer conductor radii determine the geometric characteristics of the coaxial connector, and their ratio has a direct impact on the characteristic impedance. The characteristic impedance is usually determined by the spacing between the conductors and the electromagnetic characteristics of the surrounding medium, and adjusting the inner and outer conductor radii can accurately adjust the characteristic impedance to the design value. In addition, these parameters also affect the conductor resistance and the skin effect. The conductor conductivity reflects the ability of the material to conduct current. High-conductivity materials such as copper or silver can significantly reduce the conductor loss in the transmission line, thereby improving the efficiency of signal transmission. In high-frequency signals, the conductivity has a particularly significant impact on energy loss, because high-frequency currents are mainly concentrated on the surface of the conductor, and the surface resistance is directly determined by the conductivity. Frequency is one of the basic properties of signals, and the propagation characteristics of high-frequency signals are highly dependent on frequency. As the frequency increases, the skin effect is enhanced, and the loss of the conductor and the dielectric also increases significantly. In addition, the signal frequency also determines the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, which in turn affects the impedance matching and electromagnetic field distribution of the transmission line. The dielectric loss angle describes the degree of energy loss of the dielectric material under the action of the electric field, which is an important parameter for measuring the efficiency of the dielectric. The larger the loss angle, the more energy is converted into heat, resulting in a decrease in signal amplitude during propagation. Selecting a material with a low loss angle can significantly improve the transmission quality of high-frequency signals. The length of the transmission line directly determines the total path of signal propagation, and is closely related to the insertion loss and phase delay. A shorter transmission line can reduce signal loss and phase distortion, but may produce standing wave phenomena at certain frequencies.

[0051] In step 1 of embodiment 3, the electromagnetic field feature vector is calculated using the following formula:

[0052]

[0053] where x is the transmission distance; is the electromagnetic field characteristic vector; t is time; is the electric field intensity at time t and transmission distance x; is the electric field intensity at time t and transmission distance x; S is the connector cross-sectional area; ∈ r is the relative permittivity; μ r is the relative permeability; α is the attenuation coefficient; dS is the area integral variable; × is the vector cross multiplication operation.

[0054] Specifically, the formula first involves the vector cross operation of electric field and magnetic field, which represents the energy propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity describe the electric potential gradient caused by charge distribution and the magnetic field gradient generated by current distribution, respectively, and their interaction is the core mechanism in high-frequency signal transmission. Through vector cross multiplication operation, the formula obtains the Poynting vector, which is a vector description of instantaneous power density, reflecting the flow direction and intensity of electromagnetic energy. This means that at a specific point with transmission distance x and time t, the Poynting vector can provide local distribution information of signal energy in space, which is crucial for accurately modeling signal transmission characteristics. Then, the formula normalizes the Poynting vector by multiplying This normalization factor is closely related to the electromagnetic properties of the medium material, where the relative permittivity ∈ r describes the response ability of the medium material to the electric field, and the relative permeability μ r reflects the conductivity of the medium to the magnetic field. This processing ensures that the calculation results of the characteristic vector can be applied to different material environments, thereby improving the universality of the formula. Through this normalization, the formula uniformly expresses the propagation characteristics of high-frequency signals in various media, which is particularly important for the application of diversified materials in new energy vehicles. Another key component of the formula is the exponential attenuation term e -αx, which describes the attenuation law of signal energy during transmission. The attenuation coefficient a integrates the effects of dielectric loss and conductor loss, and is an important characteristic of high-frequency signal propagation. In practical applications, the degree of signal attenuation is closely related to frequency, material conductivity, and dielectric loss angle, etc. With the increase of transmission distance x, the signal energy presents exponential decay, which is particularly evident in high-frequency signals. By introducing this term, the formula can accurately depict the change of signal energy with distance, providing key dynamic information for subsequent impedance matching. In order to comprehensively describe the electromagnetic field distribution, the formula integrates the cross-sectional area S of the connector. This part aims to capture the global energy distribution characteristics in the signal propagation path. Since the distribution of electromagnetic field on the cross-section of the transmission line is usually non-uniform, relying only on the information of the local point is difficult to reflect the characteristics of the whole system. Therefore, by integrating the cross-sectional area, the formula realizes the overall characterization of the electromagnetic behavior on the transmission path, thereby providing basic data for the calculation of the transmission line distribution vector. The physical meaning of this integral operation is to transform the complex local electromagnetic phenomenon into a global description, so that the feature vector can more comprehensively reflect the key physical processes in signal transmission. From the overall structure of the formula, the calculation of the electromagnetic field feature vector not only focuses on the instantaneous behavior of the signal, but also through the global description of space and time, deeply couples the dynamic changes of electromagnetic field with the characteristics of the transmission line. This process reveals the complex energy interaction mechanism of high-frequency signals in the transmission connector of new energy vehicles. By combining the local dynamic characteristics of electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic response ability of the medium, and the propagation law of signal energy, the feature vector accurately characterizes the energy distribution and change of high-frequency signals in the transmission process, providing data support and theoretical basis for the realization of subsequent impedance matching. This modeling method based on electromagnetic field feature vector has important application value in new energy vehicles. High-frequency signal transmission connectors often need to face complex electromagnetic environment and variable working conditions, and the formula comprehensively considers the dynamic changes of electromagnetic field, medium properties and energy attenuation, which can comprehensively reflect the key influencing factors in signal propagation. Through this formula, the system can accurately quantify the electromagnetic behavior of signals under different transmission conditions, thereby providing accurate input for the subsequent calculation of propagation constant, characteristic impedance and reflection coefficient. This method not only improves the accuracy of system modeling, but also lays a solid foundation for the realization of adaptive impedance matching method through dynamic analysis means.

[0055] In step 1 of embodiment 4, the transmission line distribution vector C of the high-frequency signal transmission connector is calculated using the following formula:

[0056]

[0057] where L d (x) is the first element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed inductance; C d(x) is the second element of the transmission line dispersion vector C, representing the distributed capacitance; R d (x) is the third element of the transmission line dispersion vector C, representing the distributed resistance; G d (x) is the fourth element of the transmission line dispersion vector C, representing the distributed conductance; a is the inner conductor radius; b is the outer conductor radius; σ c is the conductor conductivity; tan δ is the dielectric loss tangent; is the electromagnetic field eigenvalue magnitude.

[0058] Specifically, in the transmission line theory, the distributed inductance L d (x) is an important parameter representing the energy storage capability of the magnetic field in a unit length of transmission line. In the formula, L d (x) is calculated by the logarithmic function of the ratio of the inner and outer conductor radii, and its core basis is the classical theory of magnetic field distribution in coaxial transmission lines. The magnetic field is mainly generated by the current flowing through the conductor, and the geometry of the transmission line determines the distribution of the magnetic field in space. The vacuum permeability μ0 involved in the formula reflects the basic relationship between the magnetic field and the current, and the logarithmic function reveals the modulation effect of the conductor geometry on the magnetic field distribution. The greater the distance between the inner and outer conductors, the more uniform the distribution of the magnetic field, and the lower the inductance value per unit length. Therefore, the calculation of the distributed inductance not only reflects the influence of the geometry on the magnetic field effect, but also provides key support for modeling the phase shift characteristics in high-frequency signal propagation. The distributed capacitance C d (x) is a parameter describing the energy storage capability of the electric field in a unit length of transmission line, and its calculation formula directly depends on the dielectric constant and geometric parameters. The electric field in the transmission line is generated by the potential difference between the conductors, and its distribution characteristics are significantly affected by the properties of the transmission line medium. The formula combines the vacuum dielectric constant ∈0 and the relative dielectric constant ∈ r to describe the response capability of the medium to the electric field. In addition, the calculation of the distributed capacitance involves the logarithmic function of the ratio of the inner and outer conductor radii, which reflects the influence of the conductor spacing on the electric field distribution. The choice of medium material will directly affect the size of the distributed capacitance, and a higher dielectric constant can improve the energy storage capability of the electric field, but may also introduce additional losses. Therefore, the calculation of the distributed capacitance is not only a basic parameter for signal energy transfer, but also provides a theoretical basis for understanding the propagation characteristics of high-frequency signals in different medium conditions.

[0059] The distributed resistance R d (x) represents the degree of signal energy loss in the transmission line, and its core physical mechanism is the influence of the skin effect and the conductor conductivity. In high-frequency signals, the current is mainly concentrated on the surface of the conductor, so the surface resistance becomes the main source of loss. In the formula, the calculation of the distributed resistance depends on the magnitude of the electromagnetic field eigenvalue This design directly introduces the dynamic electromagnetic energy distribution in the transmission line into the resistance calculation. The electromagnetic field eigenvector modulus reflects the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic field in the signal propagation process, and by combining it with the conductor conductivity σ c , the formula can dynamically describe the energy loss in the signal propagation process. The size of the distributed resistance directly affects the signal amplitude attenuation and is an important indicator of energy efficiency in high-frequency signal transmission. The distributed conductance G d (x) reflects the leakage effect of the medium material in the transmission line, which is determined by the medium loss angle tanδ and the signal frequency ω. In high-frequency signals, non-ideal medium materials will cause leakage current due to polarization phenomena, which in turn leads to energy loss. The formula reveals the enhancing effect of signal frequency on medium loss by combining the distributed conductance with the medium capacitance ωC d (x) and the loss angle. In the process of high-frequency signal propagation, the higher the frequency, the more significant the leakage effect, and the stronger the amplitude attenuation and phase distortion of the signal. The calculation of the distributed conductance provides a quantitative description of the signal propagation behavior in the medium and a reference for optimizing the material selection of the transmission line. The formula as a whole adopts a matrix operation form, and the input vector contains key parameters such as electromagnetic field eigenvector modulus, relative permittivity, and conductivity. The design of the matrix fully considers the multiple physical effects in signal propagation, and by coupling geometric parameters, electromagnetic characteristics, and material characteristics in a unified model, the formula can flexibly adapt to different transmission conditions. The advantage of this matrix operation form is that it can quickly calculate the dynamic distribution characteristics of the transmission line in complex environments and provide high-precision input data for subsequent propagation constant and characteristic impedance calculations.

[0060] In step 2, the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle is calculated by the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] where γ(x, ω) is the propagation constant when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; ω = 2πf; f is the frequency of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, which is greater than or equal to 10 kHz; φ em is the phase difference of the electromagnetic field; the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle is calculated using the following formula:

[0063]

[0064] where Z c (x, ω) is the characteristic impedance when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; θ z is the impedance phase angle.

[0065] Specifically, the definition of the propagation constant γ(x, ω) integrates the distributed resistance Rd (x), distributed inductance L d (x), distributed conductance G d (x), and distributed capacitance C d (x). These parameters respectively describe the energy loss and storage effects of the signal in the transmission line due to material properties and geometric characteristics. The propagation constant is a complex number, with the real part corresponding to the attenuation characteristics of the signal propagation process, and the imaginary part representing the phase change rate of the signal. In high-frequency signal transmission, the signal will be affected by multiple factors such as skin effect, dielectric loss, and conductor loss, resulting in exponential decay of signal amplitude with distance. At the same time, due to the wave nature of electromagnetic waves, the signal will produce phase shift during propagation, which directly affects the time characteristics and integrity of the signal. The formula establishes a dynamic description model of the propagation constant by combining the distributed parameters of the transmission line with the relationship between frequency and transmission distance. In particular, the product term directly reflects the coupling effect between impedance and admittance, revealing the interaction of different physical factors in signal propagation. The exponential correction term exp(-jφ em ) in the propagation constant further considers the influence of the phase difference of the electromagnetic field on signal propagation. The phase difference of the electromagnetic field is derived from the dynamic interaction of the electric field and the magnetic field, especially in high-frequency cases, the propagation of electromagnetic waves is affected by complex interference from medium properties and external environment, which together determine the actual phase characteristics of signal propagation. By introducing this correction term, the phase description of the propagation constant is closer to the actual situation, providing higher accuracy for subsequent calculations. As a comprehensive characteristic parameter, the complex modulus of the propagation constant describes the total attenuation of the signal, while the imaginary part reflects the phase shift rate. These information is crucial for evaluating the signal integrity and efficiency in the transmission system of new energy vehicles.

[0066] On the other hand, the calculation of characteristic impedance Z c (x, ω) directly depends on the results of the propagation constant, while further combining the distributed parameter characteristics of the transmission line. The characteristic impedance is defined as the ratio of signal voltage to current under the condition of no reflection, and it is the target parameter that needs to be achieved in the impedance matching process. In the formula, the numerator part (R d (x) + jωL d (x)) and the denominator part (G d (x) + jωC d (x)) correspond to the total impedance and total admittance of the transmission line, respectively, and their ratio reflects the response characteristics of the transmission line to signal voltage and current. Due to the dynamic characteristics of signal propagation, the characteristic impedance is not just a static parameter, it is also affected by frequency and transmission line distributed parameters. The phase normalization term exp(jθ in the formula ensures that the calculation of the characteristic impedance can accurately reflect the phase relationship in the transmission line. In addition, the exponential term exp(jθz ) introduced a dynamic correction of the impedance phase angle. This takes into account the impact of phase shift of high-frequency signals during transmission on impedance matching. In practical applications, due to the changes in signal frequency and transmission distance, the impedance characteristics of the transmission line may deviate from the ideal state, and the phase angle correction term adjusts the phase description of the characteristic impedance, so that the impedance matching process can more accurately adapt to the dynamic environment. This design ensures the correctness of the characteristic impedance of the transmission line under different frequency and spatial conditions. The propagation constant and the characteristic impedance formula are related to each other, and together describe the core physical process in the high-frequency signal transmission system of new energy vehicles. The propagation constant reveals the energy transmission and phase change law of the signal, while the characteristic impedance provides a specific impedance target for achieving low reflection and high efficiency of signal transmission. The calculation of the two not only depends on the distributed parameters of the transmission line, but also combines the frequency, transmission distance and electromagnetic field characteristics, so that the formula can fully adapt to the complex working environment of new energy vehicles.

[0067] In step 3, the reflection coefficient is calculated using the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] where Z L (x, ω) is the load impedance at angular frequency ω and transmission distance x; Γ(x, ω) is the reflection coefficient at angular frequency ω and transmission distance x; l is the length of the transmission line; and the impedance error is calculated by the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] where ΔZ is the impedance error; Z0 is the nominal characteristic impedance; P in is the incident power; and P ref is the reflected power.

[0072] Specifically, the calculation of the reflection coefficient is based on the relationship between the load impedance Z L (x, ω) and the characteristic impedance Z c (x, ω), which respectively describe the response characteristics of the load and the transmission line to the signal. The formula accurately quantifies the degree of impedance mismatch by calculating the ratio of the difference to the sum of the load impedance and the characteristic impedance. The numerator (Z L (x, ω)-Z c (x, ω)) directly reflects the size of the impedance deviation, and when the load impedance and the characteristic impedance are completely matched, this term is zero, indicating that the signal can be transmitted to the load without reflection, thereby achieving the best transmission efficiency. When there is a deviation between the two, the larger the value of the numerator, the larger the absolute value of the reflection coefficient, indicating that the proportion of energy reflection is higher, and the transmission performance of the system is poorer. The denominator (Z L (x, ω)+Zc (x,ω)) to keep its value within the range [-1, 1] at all times. This normalization design ensures that the physical meaning of the reflection coefficient is clear and easy to understand, while providing convenience for dynamic monitoring and matching optimization of the system. In order to more realistically describe the behavior of the signal in the transmission line, an attenuation correction term exp[-2γ(x,ω)l] is also introduced in the reflection coefficient formula. The propagation constant γ(x,ω) combines the signal attenuation characteristics and phase change, and its value is determined by the distributed parameters of the transmission line and the signal frequency. The transmission line length l describes the spatial range of the signal propagation path. This correction term reflects the energy loss of the signal in the propagation process in an exponential form, even if there is impedance mismatch at the interface, the reflection effect of the signal will gradually weaken with the increase of the propagation distance. This design is particularly suitable for long-distance signal transmission scenarios, as it takes into account the multiple effects of the transmission line on signal reflection, including not only the reflection at the initial interface, but also the attenuation and phase effects during propagation. By combining the propagation constant and the transmission line length, this formula dynamically models the reflection characteristics as a whole.

[0073] The physical meaning of the reflection coefficient is reflected in its absolute value and phase. The absolute value |Γ(x,ω)| represents the proportion of reflected signal energy to incident signal energy, and the smaller the value, the better the impedance matching effect of the system, and the higher the effective transmission rate of energy. The phase part describes the phase shift of the reflected signal relative to the incident signal, which is of great significance to understanding the waveform interference of the signal. Since the propagation of high-frequency signals depends on precise phase synchronization, the phase shift of the reflected signal can cause waveform distortion and signal quality degradation. Therefore, the reflection coefficient is not only an important indicator to measure the impedance matching effect, but also a key parameter to optimize the transmission performance of the system. The calculation of impedance error further deepens the meaning of the reflection coefficient, which is used to quantify the actual deviation and energy loss of the system. The formula combines the reflection coefficient, the nominal characteristic impedance Z0, the incident power P in and the reflected power P ref to comprehensively describe the impedance characteristics of the system under dynamic conditions. The core term (1-|Γ(x,ω)| 2 ) in the impedance error formula represents the energy utilization rate in signal transmission, where |Γ(x,ω)| 2 reflects the proportion of reflected energy to incident energy. Therefore, 1-

[0074] |Γ(x,ω)| 2 is a direct expression of the effective transmission energy proportion. This part combines the absolute value of the reflection coefficient, so that the formula can evaluate the matching effect of the system from the energy perspective. At the same time, the denominator term |1-Γ(x,ω)exp(-2γ(x,ω)l)| 2Further, the multiple reflection effects in the transmission line are considered. The design of this part is based on the physical phenomenon of multiple reflections and superposition interference. In high-frequency signal propagation, reflected signals will propagate back and forth in the transmission line and superimpose, thereby having a complex impact on the overall transmission performance. The denominator term accurately describes the comprehensive effect of multiple reflections on the system impedance error by combining the reflection coefficient and the propagation constant, so that the calculation result of the formula can be more in line with the actual situation. In addition, the impedance error formula also introduces the power ratio term This part deepens the physical meaning of impedance matching effect from the energy angle by relating the power parameter to the impedance error. The incident power P in and the reflected power P ref respectively represent the energy distribution of the signal at the input end and the reflection end, and their ratio reflects the energy transmission efficiency of the system. The introduction of the power ratio term makes the impedance error not only a quantitative expression of impedance deviation, but also directly reflects the energy loss of the transmission line. This design effectively relates the impedance error to the actual power characteristics of the system, providing comprehensive information support for subsequent control and optimization.

[0075] In step 4 of embodiment 7, the compensation parameter vector D is calculated by the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] where L c is the first element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation inductance; C c is the second element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation capacitance; R c is the third element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation resistance; is the real part of the calculated impedance error; φ Γ is the phase angle of the reflection coefficient.

[0078] Specifically, the calculation formula of the compensation parameter vector adopts a matrix form, which integrates the impedance adjustment requirements of the transmission line with the signal frequency and reflection phase characteristics. This matrix form embodies the systematization and flexibility of the formula design, making it adaptable to dynamically changing transmission conditions. In the formula, the impedance error ΔZ is the core input quantity, which quantifies the deviation between the current state of the transmission system and the ideal matching state. The real part of the impedance error reflects the actual degree of signal energy loss, while the imaginary part describes the phase shift of the system. These information provides a clear physical basis for the calculation of the compensation parameters. The calculation of the compensation inductance L c is based on the relationship between the impedance error and the signal frequency, and its formula is This expression reveals the role of inductive compensation in high-frequency signals. Since inductance can store and regulate magnetic field energy, its primary function in signal propagation is to counteract current variations caused by impedance mismatches. The higher the frequency, the more rapidly the current changes, and the lower the inductive requirement; conversely, at lower frequencies, a larger inductive value is needed to achieve equivalent compensation. Through this inverse frequency relationship, the formula dynamically adjusts the inductive compensation value to adapt to the needs of signals of different frequencies. In addition, the compensation value of inductance is also affected by impedance error, and larger impedance deviation requires stronger inductive compensation to achieve matching. Therefore, the inductive calculation part of the formula reflects the dual influence of signal frequency and impedance state on compensation requirements.

[0079] The calculation of compensation capacitance C c uses an inverse relationship with inductance, i.e. This design reflects the response characteristics of capacitance to electric field energy. In signal propagation, the main function of capacitance is to store and release electric field energy, regulating the fluctuations of signal voltage. During high-frequency signal propagation, the capacitive effect of the transmission line may cause phase shift and energy loss, so compensation capacitance is needed to balance the electric field distribution. Similar to inductance, the compensation value of capacitance is also dynamically adjusted according to signal frequency and impedance error: the higher the frequency, the lower the compensation capacitance value; the greater the impedance deviation, the higher the compensation capacitance requirement. Through this design, the formula can effectively adjust the electric field characteristics of signal transmission in a high-frequency environment, thereby reducing distortion and improving transmission efficiency. c The calculation of compensation resistance R This part reflects the actual loss of signal energy in the transmission line. During high-frequency signal transmission, conductor skin effect and dielectric loss are the main sources of energy loss. These losses manifest as signal amplitude attenuation and power loss. By adjusting the compensation resistance, the formula can effectively reduce signal loss and, to some extent, improve the transmission efficiency of the system. The introduction of compensation resistance can also smooth the waveform characteristics of the signal, thereby reducing the impact of multiple reflections and superposition interference on signal quality. The input vector in the formula contains the sine and cosine values of the reflection coefficient phase angle, i.e. sin(φ Γ ) and cos(φ Γ). These values describe the distribution characteristics of the reflected signal in the phase space. By combining the reflection phase angle information, the calculation of compensation parameters can more accurately match the phase shift of the signal. Specifically, the calculation of compensation inductance and capacitance needs to consider the dynamic changes of the signal in the time domain, while the reflection phase angle provides directional guidance for this adjustment. The combination of sine and cosine values enables compensation to cover the entire phase space, ensuring that the system is always in optimal matching state under dynamic conditions. From the overall perspective, the matrix design of the compensation parameter vector formula has significant advantages. The parameters in the matrix are both independent and interrelated, corresponding to the compensation effects of inductance, capacitance and resistance on the system impedance state. The dynamic characteristics of the input vector ensure the real-time performance of the formula, enabling it to quickly respond to changes in transmission conditions. This design is particularly suitable for complex working environments in new energy vehicles, such as dynamic adjustment of signal frequency, random changes in electromagnetic interference, and time drift of material performance. The calculation results of the compensation parameter vector provide key inputs for the adaptive control of the system. In practical applications, the control system acquires the values of impedance error and reflection coefficient phase angle in real time, calculates the required compensation inductance, capacitance and resistance values under the current conditions using the formula. Then, these compensation values are used to adjust the electromagnetic characteristics of the connector, thereby achieving dynamic impedance matching. Through this closed-loop feedback mechanism, the system can always maintain efficient signal transmission performance under different frequencies, different loads and different transmission distances.

[0080] In step 4, the control signal is generated using adaptive control theory by the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] where τ is the time variable; dτ is the time integral variable; K is the total control order; k is the integer index; V ctrl (t) is the control signal at time t; τ k is the time constant of the kth order, and V is the kth derivative of impedance error ΔZ with respect to time t.

[0083] Specifically, in the generation formula of the control signal, time t is the key variable, describing the dynamic change law of the system impedance in the signal propagation process. By introducing the time variable, the formula can capture the trend of impedance error change and generate dynamic adjustment signals according to these trends. The first part of the formula is related to the high-order time derivative of impedance error, which compensates the inductance L c and The product of the two terms reflects the dynamic adjustment needs of the rapidly changing parts of the signal. Inductance is a component sensitive to current changes, and its response characteristics make it suitable for adjusting high-frequency components of the signal. The summation of high-order derivatives in the formula represents the system's sharp capture of dynamic changes, allowing it to generate corresponding adjustment signals immediately when the signal state experiences rapid fluctuations. Through the accumulation of multiple derivatives, the formula achieves comprehensive modeling of the time-varying impedance error, enabling the control signal to not only respond to current changes but also predict possible trends and make forward-looking adjustments. Meanwhile, the time integral term in the formula represents the system's response to slow changes or cumulative effects. The integral term, combined with the impedance error and the compensating capacitance C c , describes the cumulative effect of the capacitance. Physically, capacitance is a key component for storing electric field energy, smoothing low-frequency components in the signal, and providing stability support for the system. The formula accumulates historical impedance errors through integration, generating adjustment signals to compensate for slow changes. This design is well suited for handling impedance deviations that change slowly but have a large impact, such as long-term effects caused by material property changes or system aging. Through the introduction of the integral term, the formula can achieve stable adjustment of system state on a long time scale, while avoiding overcompensation or signal distortion caused by rapid response.

[0084] In addition, the formula also includes a compensating resistance term linearly related to the impedance error. Resistance is mainly responsible for dissipating excess energy and suppressing high-frequency oscillations in signal transmission. The resistance compensation part of the formula directly reflects the system's response to transient events. In high-frequency signal transmission, external disturbances and signal reflections may cause sudden impedance deviations, and through the linear compensation resistance term, the system can quickly dissipate excess energy to avoid long-term effects of these transient events on signal transmission. This design enhances the robustness of the control system, enabling it to handle sudden disturbances while maintaining signal transmission quality and efficiency. The exponential decay term exp(-t / τ k ) in the control signal formula is a key design for controlling the convergence characteristics of the signal over time. The time constant τ kThe setting reflects the system's sensitivity to changes at different time scales. Larger time constants correspond to slower decay rates, suitable for handling slowly changing impedance errors; while smaller time constants are used for fast response to dynamic changes. This decay design ensures that the system's use of historical information does not lead to uncontrolled accumulation effects, while avoiding signal oscillation caused by excessive response. Through the introduction of the exponential decay term, the control signal can achieve balance between different time scales, both having fast response ability to short-term changes and stable adjustment ability to long-term trends. The overall structure of the formula takes impedance error ΔZ as the core, and realizes multi-level control of the signal transmission path through the combination adjustment of compensation inductance, compensation capacitance and compensation resistance. The compensation inductance provides dynamic adjustment ability by responding to rapid changes in the signal, the compensation capacitance enhances system stability by smoothing low-frequency components, and the compensation resistance suppresses signal fluctuations by dissipating excess energy. The synergistic effect of the three makes the control signal able to comprehensively cover the different time characteristics of the impedance error, ensuring efficient operation of the system in complex environments. The practical significance of this formula lies in that it provides an efficient adaptive control method that can adjust the impedance state in high-frequency signal transmission in real time. The working environment of new energy vehicles is complex and variable, including external electromagnetic interference, material aging, and geometric structure changes, etc. These conditions make it difficult for traditional static compensation methods to cope. By dynamically generating control signals, the system can automatically adjust the electromagnetic characteristics of the transmission path based on real-time measured impedance error and historical data, thereby always maintaining the best matching state. This adaptive ability not only improves the efficiency and reliability of signal transmission, but also prolongs the service life of the system by reducing energy loss and reflection effects. The control signal formula also embodies high flexibility and scalability. By adjusting the control order K, time constant τ k and compensation parameters, the formula can adapt to different application requirements. For example, in scenarios requiring higher sensitivity, more high-order derivative terms can be introduced; while in scenarios requiring high long-term stability, the weight of the integral term or the time constant can be adjusted. This flexibility enables the formula to be widely applicable to high-frequency signal transmission under different frequencies, different transmission distances, and different load conditions.

[0085] In step 4, the impedance matching degree is calculated by the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] Where ∠γ(x,ω) is the propagation constant phase angle; V max is the maximum control voltage.

[0088] Specifically, the first term of the formula (1-|Γ(x,ω)| 2) describes the relationship between signal reflection energy and total energy, which is the core part of the matching degree calculation. The absolute value of the reflection coefficient |Γ(x,ω)| represents the proportion of the reflected signal energy to the incident signal energy, (1-|Γ(x,ω) 2 ) reflects the proportion of the effective energy transmitted to the load. When the reflection coefficient tends to zero, the first term of the matching degree approaches 1, indicating that the impedance of the system is completely matched, and the transmission efficiency of the signal reaches the maximum. When the reflection coefficient is larger, the value of this term decreases significantly, indicating that the proportion of reflected energy is high, and the matching effect of the system is poor. Through this design, the formula can intuitively quantify the relationship between the impedance matching state and signal reflection. The second term exp(-αl) introduces the influence of signal attenuation factor, α is the attenuation coefficient, and l is the length of the transmission line. This part considers the energy loss of the signal in the transmission line, including conductor loss, dielectric loss and the influence of signal frequency on propagation characteristics. With the increase of transmission distance l, the degree of signal attenuation increases exponentially, and the energy transmission efficiency gradually decreases. This design ensures that the formula can reflect the actual influence of the length of the transmission line on the matching degree, especially in long-distance transmission, signal attenuation becomes a key factor in impedance matching optimization. By combining the attenuation factor, the matching degree formula can more comprehensively describe the performance of the system under different transmission conditions. The third term introduces the dynamic response of the control signal into the matching degree calculation. The control signal V ctrl (t) is the dynamic adjustment generated by the system to compensate for impedance errors, which directly reflects the compensation strength required by the current system. Through the square root processing of the ratio of the maximum control voltage V max , this term converts the amplitude of the control signal into the contribution value of the matching degree. When the control signal approaches the maximum value, this part of the matching degree tends to 1, indicating that the system has achieved the maximum dynamic compensation; when the control signal is small, the value of this term is low, indicating that the dynamic adjustment capability of the system has not been fully utilized. This design highlights the important role of the control signal in dynamic matching, and through the normalization processing of the control voltage, the calculation result of the formula has stronger adaptability and universality. The fourth term cos(∠γ(x,ω)) introduces the phase angle information of the propagation constant. The propagation constant γ(x,ω) includes the attenuation characteristics and phase characteristics of the signal, and its phase angle ∠γ(x,ω) directly reflects the phase change of the signal in the propagation process. Phase change is an important feature in high-frequency signal transmission, and is closely related to the waveform integrity and synchronization of the signal. When the phase angle of the propagation constant approaches certain specific values, the phase shift of the signal is minimal, and this part of the matching degree contributes more; when the phase angle deviates from the ideal value, the waveform of the signal may be distorted, which has a negative impact on the matching degree. By introducing this term, the formula can comprehensively consider the phase characteristics in the signal propagation process, thereby improving the calculation accuracy of the matching degree.

[0089] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalent replacements; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connectors in new energy vehicles, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Obtain the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; collect the local electromagnetic field data of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, and calculate its electromagnetic field characteristic vector in combination with the physical parameters to characterize its electromagnetic field intensity distribution; calculate the transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector based on the electromagnetic field characteristic vector and the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle. Step 2: Calculate the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles based on the element values ​​in the transmission line distribution vector; combine the propagation constant and the element values ​​in the transmission line distribution vector to calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles. Step 3: Calculate the reflection coefficient based on the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle and its characteristic impedance; calculate the impedance error based on the reflection coefficient, the incident power and the reflected power of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle. Step 4: Calculate the compensation parameter vector based on the impedance error, and generate a control signal using adaptive control theory based on the compensation parameter vector. This control signal is used to control the voltage of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle to achieve impedance matching. Calculate the impedance matching degree based on the control signal. In Step 1, the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle include at least: connector cross-sectional area, relative permeability, relative permittivity, inner conductor radius, outer conductor radius, conductor conductivity, frequency, dielectric loss angle, and transmission line length. In Step 1, the electromagnetic field characteristic vector is calculated using the following formula: ;in, For transmission distance; This is the characteristic vector of the electromagnetic field; For time; For time At that time, the transmission distance is The electric field strength at that time; For time At that time, the transmission distance is The electric field strength at that time; This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the connector. It is the relative permittivity; Relative permeability; The attenuation coefficient; For area integral variables; For vector cross product operation; in step 1, the transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector is calculated using the following formula. : ; in, Transmission line distribution vector The first element is the distributed inductance; Transmission line distribution vector The second element is the distributed capacitance; Transmission line distribution vector The third element is the distributed resistance; Transmission line distribution vector The fourth element is the distributed conductivity; The radius of the inner conductor; The radius of the outer conductor; The conductivity of a conductor; The dielectric loss tangent; This represents the magnitude of the electromagnetic field characteristic vector.

2. The adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connectors in new energy vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles is calculated using the following formula: ; in, Angular frequency is The transmission distance is The propagation constant at time; ; The frequency of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles is greater than or equal to 10kHz. Given the electromagnetic field phase difference, the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles is calculated using the following formula: ； in, Angular frequency is The transmission distance is The characteristic impedance at that time; This is the impedance phase angle.

3. The adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connectors in new energy vehicles as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step 3, the reflection coefficient is calculated using the following formula: ； in, Angular frequency is The transmission distance is The load impedance at that time; Angular frequency is The transmission distance is Reflection coefficient at time; Given the transmission line length, the impedance error is calculated using the following formula: ； in, For impedance error; The nominal characteristic impedance; The incident power; This represents the reflected power.

4. The adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connectors in new energy vehicles as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step 4, the compensation parameter vector is calculated using the following formula: ； in, For the compensation parameter vector The first element is the compensating inductance; For the compensation parameter vector The second element is the compensation capacitor; For the compensation parameter vector The third element is the compensation resistor; This is the real part used to calculate the impedance error; The phase angle is the reflection coefficient.

5. The adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connectors in new energy vehicles as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step 4, the control signal is generated using adaptive control theory through the following formula: ； in, It is a time variable; For time integration variables; The total control order; Integer subscript index; For time Control signals at the time; For the first The time constant of the order is a set value; Impedance error Regarding time of The first derivative.

6. The adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connectors in new energy vehicles as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step 4, the impedance matching degree is calculated using the following formula: ； in, The phase angle is the propagation constant. This is the maximum control voltage.

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