Method for rapidly improving water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of subsurface soil

Abstract

The invention provides a method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of subsurface soil, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of the subsurface soil comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer, a soil conditioner and a compound fertilizer; uplifting the surface soil; conveying the mixed material to a subsurface layer, and uniformly mixing the mixed material with subsurface layer soil; performing rotary tillage on deep soil; raking and leveling surface soil; the organic fertilizer is sheep manure; the soil conditioner is a polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate adhesive copolymer; the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 29%, 15% and 6% respectively; the total nutrient content in the compound fertilizer is greater than or equal to 50%. According to the method, the physical and chemical properties of the subsurface soil are effectively improved, the porosity of the soil is increased, water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are coordinated, loosening and curing of the soil are promoted, an effective plough layer is deepened, and the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of the subsurface soil is rapidly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of sub-surface soil. Background Art

[0002] Water storage and fertilizer supply is one of the important functions of soil in agricultural production. However, due to the long-term development mode of agriculture that "emphasizes use and neglects maintenance", the soil structure of most farmland plough layers has deteriorated and the ability to store water and fertilizer has been damaged. The reduction in the ability of the plough layer to store water and fertilizer directly affects the growth and development of crops, thereby threatening food production security and hindering the sustainable development of agriculture. Improving the ability of the plough layer to store water and fertilizer is an important measure to implement the strategic policy of "storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology", which has important practical significance.

[0003] Compared with the surface soil, the sub-surface soil has poor pore structure, high soil bulk density, low content of water-stable macroaggregates, and low organic matter content, which is the "shortcoming" of the arable soil's ability to store water and provide fertilizer. Therefore, to improve the arable soil's ability to store water and provide fertilizer, it is necessary to improve the sub-surface soil and increase its ability to store water and retain fertilizer.

[0004] Reasonable tillage is the most direct way to break the plow bottom layer and improve the physical structure of the sub-surface soil, which has a direct impact on the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of the sub-surface soil. However, this method only physically breaks the plow bottom layer and improves the water storage and air permeability of the sub-surface soil, but does not fundamentally break the current situation of "fertile on top and thin on the bottom", and the effect is short-lived.

[0005] Adding organic materials or soil conditioners combined with tillage and rotary tillage is one of the common methods for improving subsurface soil at home and abroad. By applying organic fertilizers, biochar and other materials, the soil bulk density and aggregate structure are improved, the organic matter content is increased, and the soil's ability to store water and fertilizer is improved. During this operation, due to the small amount of soil conditioner applied, it is difficult to mix evenly with the soil, so the improvement effect is poor.

[0006] Improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of the sub-surface soil plays an important role in building a healthy arable layer. In the existing technology, there is a lack of effective and rapid methods to improve the properties of the sub-surface soil. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of sub-surface soil.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of sub-surface soil comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step 1. Mixing organic fertilizer, soil conditioner and compound fertilizer to obtain a mixed material;

[0011] Step 2. Lift the topsoil;

[0012] Step 3. transporting the mixed material in step 1 to the sub-surface layer and mixing it with the sub-surface soil;

[0013] Step 4. Rotary tillage of deep soil;

[0014] Step 5. Harrow the topsoil;

[0015] The organic fertilizer is sheep manure; the soil conditioner is a copolymer of polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate; the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 29%, 15% and 6% respectively; and the total nutrients in the compound fertilizer are ≥50%.

[0016] The present invention adopts a dilution mixing method, and a soil conditioner with a small application amount is mixed with organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and then transmitted to the sub-surface soil, so as to enhance the mixing degree of the soil conditioner and the sub-surface soil. In the present invention, the above method can be implemented by a professional agricultural machinery equipment, and the uniform mixture of soil conditioner, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer is transmitted to the sub-surface soil after lifting the surface soil, and the mixture is mixed with the sub-surface soil. The present invention first mixes the soil conditioner, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer and then applies them to the sub-surface soil, which is beneficial to promote the mixing degree of the applied materials and the soil, improve the application efficiency of the soil improvement materials, and is more beneficial to enhance the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of the sub-surface soil. When any one of the steps or components is omitted, the improvement effect on the soil will be reduced.

[0017] The soil conditioner polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate colloid copolymer in the present invention is a water retaining agent. The polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate colloid copolymer in the present invention can be selected from commercial products, or prepared by a preparation method well known to those skilled in the art.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the surface soil is soil in the 0-20 cm soil layer.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the amount of the organic fertilizer is 5 t / mu; the amount of the soil conditioner is 40 kg / mu; and the amount of the compound fertilizer is 34.48 kg / mu (nitrogen content is 10 kg / mu).

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sub-surface soil is soil in the 20-40 cm soil layer.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the deep soil is soil in the 40-50 cm soil layer.

[0022] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0023] The method provided by the present invention effectively improves the physical and chemical properties of sub-surface soil, increases soil porosity, coordinates water, fertilizer, air and heat in the soil, promotes soil loosening and maturation, and deepens the effective tillage layer.

[0024] The method of the invention breaks the plow bottom layer, improves the hydraulic characteristics of the subsurface soil, enhances the infiltration capacity, forms a soil reservoir, and improves the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity.

[0025] The method of the present invention matures the sub-surface soil, further optimizes the coordination of water, fertilizer, air and heat in the plough layer soil, promotes the growth of crop roots, and improves the stress resistance of crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of effective tillage layer thickness under different treatments in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 2 The bulk density and porosity content of the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers treated differently in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 3 The soil compaction of the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers in different treatments in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 4 The soil effective water content, readily available water content and slow-acting water content of the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers in different treatments in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0033] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0035] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0036] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "%" means mass percentage.

[0037] The present invention mainly adds organic fertilizer, water-retaining agent, chemical fertilizer and other materials into the sub-surface soil to optimize the pore structure, increase the content of water-stable macroaggregates, improve soil fertility, and thus enhance the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of the sub-surface soil.

[0038] In the present invention, the surface soil is lifted, the mixture of organic fertilizer, soil conditioner and compound fertilizer is transported to the sub-surface soil, mixed, the deep soil is rotary tilled and the surface soil is harrowed, which can be implemented by specific agricultural machinery.

[0039] The technical solutions described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional solutions in the art, and various raw materials used in the present invention can be purchased from the market.

[0040] In the compound fertilizer used in the embodiment, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 29%, 15% and 6% respectively; the total nutrients in the compound fertilizer are ≥50%.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Experimental Group:

[0043] The method to quickly improve the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of the sub-surface soil is as follows:

[0044] Step 1. Mix organic sheep manure (5t / mu), polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate copolymer (40kg / mu) and compound fertilizer (34.48kg / mu);

[0045] Step 2. Lift the top layer (0-20 cm) of soil;

[0046] Step 3. The mixed material in step 1 is transported to the sub-surface layer (20-40 cm) and mixed with it;

[0047] Step 4. Rotary tillage deep soil (40-50 cm);

[0048] Step 5. Harrow the topsoil.

[0049] Comparison group:

[0050] Step 1. Spread the organic fertilizer sheep manure (5t / mu) + polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate copolymer (40kg / mu) + compound fertilizer (34.48kg / mu) on the surface of the cultivated land;

[0051] Step 2. Mechanical tillage, tillage depth is 20cm-40cm;

[0052] Step 3. Harrow the topsoil.

[0053] Result analysis:

[0054] After harrowing the surface soil, corn is planted. After the corn growing period is over, the thickness of the effective tillage layer of the soil is observed, and indicators such as soil compactness, bulk density and effective water content are measured.

[0055] 1. Thickness of tillage layer:

[0056] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the effective tillage layer thickness of the control group is 22cm, and the effective tillage layer thickness of the experimental group is 33.5cm. The effective tillage layer thickness of the experimental group is 11.5cm higher than that of the control group, with an increase of 52.27%.

[0057] 2. Soil bulk density and total porosity content:

[0058] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that in the 0-20cm soil layer, the soil bulk density and total porosity content of the experimental group were not significantly different from those of the control group. In the 20-40cm soil layer, the soil bulk density of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, with a decrease of 16.62%; the total porosity of the soil in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with an increase of 22.04%.

[0059] 3. Soil compaction

[0060] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that with the increase of soil depth, soil compaction shows a trend of gradual increase. Compared with the control group, the average decrease of 0-20cm soil layer in the experimental group was 19.79%, and the maximum decrease was 53.79%; the average decrease of 20-40cm soil layer was 13.08%, and the maximum decrease was 42.08%.

[0061] 4. Soil Moisture Availability

[0062] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the effective water content and readily available water content in the 0-20cm soil layer and the 20-40cm soil layer in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and there was no significant difference in the slow-acting water content.

[0063] In summary, compared with the control group, the treatment in the experimental group can increase the thickness of the effective tillage layer, significantly reduce the soil bulk density and soil compaction of the 20-40cm soil layer, and significantly increase the total porosity of the 20-40cm soil layer. The water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of the subsurface soil in the experimental group is better than that in the control group.

[0064] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of sub-surface soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1. Mixing organic fertilizer, soil conditioner and compound fertilizer to obtain a mixed material; Step 2. Lift the topsoil; Step 3. transporting the mixed material in step 1 to the sub-surface layer and mixing it with the sub-surface soil; Step 4. Rotary tillage of deep soil; Step 5. Harrow the topsoil; The organic fertilizer is sheep manure; the soil conditioner is a copolymer of polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate; the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 29%, 15% and 6% respectively; and the total nutrients in the compound fertilizer are ≥50%.

2. The method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of sub-surface soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface soil is the soil in the 0-20 cm soil layer.

3. The method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of sub-surface soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the organic fertilizer is 5t / mu; the amount of the soil conditioner is 40kg / mu; and the amount of the compound fertilizer is 34.48kg / mu.

4. The method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of sub-surface soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sub-surface soil is the soil in the 20-40 cm soil layer.

5. The method for rapidly improving the water storage and fertilizer supply capacity of sub-surface soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep soil is the soil in the 40-50 cm soil layer.

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